K.C.S.E C.R.

E PAPER 1 1996

1. Reasons why reading the bible is important to Christians

(i) It provides moral and spiritual guidance
(ii) Helps them discover the will of God/ God reveal himself through bible
(iii) Reading the bible is an aspect of Christians worship/ a way of worshipping
(iv) The bible is the basis of Christians doctrines and practices/ Helps in
understanding Christians doctrines/eschatological times.
(v) It gives guidance on the relationship among human beings/ and between
human beings and God
(vi) It is the word of God
(vii) Christians come to discover who they are/ help a person discover his/ her
worth dignity of the human person.
(viii) It is a source of consolation to xtions/ gives hope to xtions/ personarace
hope.
(ix) Source of inspiration
(x) Source of knowledge/ enlightened/ improves their knowledge
(xi) Helps in spiritual development and maturity/ enlightens them/ improve their
faith
(xii) Helps them understand the universe/ environment/ their relationship to it.
(xiii) Helps them understand the meaning of their lives and relationship to God/
and to one another.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

2. Teaching on the relationship between human being and the environment

from Genesis stories of creation
(i) Both human beings and the environment were created by God/ common
origin
(ii) Human beings are superior to all other creatures
(iii) Human beings should take care of the environment/ preserve and
conserve it
(iv) Human beings have authority over the rest of creation subdue the earth
(v) Human beings should enjoy God’s creation/ the rest of creation was made
for the human beings/ use for glory of God
(vi) All creation is very good human beings should treat the rest of creation
with reverence respect.
(vii) Human beings and the environment ( rest of creation) are independent/
over their existence to each other.
(viii) Human beings and the rest of God’s creation have a common destiny.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
3. Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God in the wilderness during the
Exodus
(i) They celebrated the three yearly feasts to honour and thank God- the
Passover Pentecost and Tabernacle.
(ii) Three times a year all the menfolk presumed themselves before God (iii)
They built an altar of earth for God
(iv) On the alter they sacrificed the holocaust and communion sacrifices from
their flocks and heads
(v) They hallowed the altar of God/ kept it holy
(vi) Approached God’s altar with respect/ honour/ reverence
(vii) They observed the ten commandment to guide them in their day to day living
(viii) They assembled at the foot of Mount Sinai and God gave them the Ten
commandments
(ix) They made tabernacle (tent of meeting) which symbolized God’s presence
among them.
(x) They gave offerings of various articles to God e.g. gold, bronze, silver and oil
(xi) They burnt incense to the Lord
(xii) They observed the Sabbath as a day of worship
(xiii) They prayed to God/ some praised / danced
(xiv) They held the covenant ceremony at mount Sinai
(xv) They paid a tithe for upkeep of the tabernacle (xvi) They consecrated the tent
of meeting
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

4. Challenges faced by Prophet Elijah (challenges faced by Elijah himself)

(i) There was widespread idolatry and apostasy among the Israelites /
worshiping false god
(ii) There was corruption and injustice as people rejected the covenant way of
life
(iii) There was religious persecution and hostility ( Jezebel had put to death some
of prophets of Yahweh) and those who escaped with their lives went into
hiding
(iv) The people had abandoned the worship of Yahweh and ignored to life and
practicing syncretism the covenant way of life.
(v) He had to face opposition and even threats on his life from Jezebel and Arab
(vi) There were false prophets of Baal and Asherah who were brought to Israel
by Jezebel to promote false religion
(vii) He had to face king Ahab and challenge him for misleading the people
(viii) Convincing the people that he was a true prophet of Yahweh
 (ix) Had to prove to Israel that it is Yahweh who was the true god and not Baal
by holding a contest at mount Cannel in which he challenged the prophets of
Baal
(x) He had to endure hardships in the wilderness
1 mark for properly analyzed answers ½ for narrated answers

5. Jesus teaching on sin

(i) Jesus has power to forgive sins
(ii) God forgives people’s sins on condition that they also forgive others (iii)
We should ask God to forgive our sin/ should repent (iv) We should ask
God to protect us against sin.
(v) Nothing is covered that shall not be revealed sins will be exposed
(vi) Sin comes from the heart
(vii) Sin is not only the act but evil thoughts also
(viii) We should forgive each other our sins
(ix) Those who cause/ lead others to sin will be severely punished
(x) Forgiveness of sin should be limitless
(xi) Sins that are forgiven on earth are also forgiven in heaven
(xii) Sin leads to death ( Luke 13: 1-5) sin leads to punishment/ loss of God
kingdom / separation from God
(xiii) All other sins are forgivable by God except the sin of blasphemy (xiv)
Sin should be condemned / rebuked

6. Instructions given by Jesus to his disciples on how to pray

(i) Prayers must be honest/ sincere
(ii) To humble themselves before God during prayer/ not to exalt oneself
rather be humble.
(iii) Prayer should be addressed to God who is the loving heavenly father
(iv) To be persistent in prayer/ wait patiently for God to answer prayers/ Not
to loose hope
(v) To have faith in God hence prayer
(vi) Prayers should be short, clear and to the point
(vii) Should show honour to God before making any request
(viii) Prayer should be made in private/ silent places (Jesus always withdrew
from the crowd to go and pray).
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

7. Reasons why Bible reading is important to Christians

(i) To help in search of spiritual knowledge
(ii) It is read to increase Godly knowledge
(iii) Help Christians learn virtues/ morals hence be role models to others
 (iv) Helps in giving instructions to Christians on how to live Godly lives/ it is
instructional
(v) It is used as the main reference book by the pastors/ priests/ evangelists
during preaching
(vi) Used as a guide on how God expects us to live
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

8. Teachings on the use of wealth from the story of the Rich man and Lazarus
(i) Wealth should not be used to buy luxuries when others are suffering
languishing in misery and poverty/ not for ones glory
(ii) Wealth should be sued to alleviate the suffering of others/ to help the
poor and the needy
(iii) The rich should show concern for the suffering of others
(iv) Wealth should be used to spread the good news/ Glorify God
(v) Use the earthly wealth to acquire a place in the kingdom of God
(vi) Wealth should not be used to oppress humiliate the poor (vii) Wealth
should not be used selfishly/ should be shared

9. Ways in which the Roman Empire helped in the spread of the holy church
(i) The persecution of Christianity by Roman authorities forced Christian to
disperse in different parts of the empire to escape persecution. As they
went to spread the Good news and where they settled they started the
Christian community. The blood of the martyr is the seed of the church.
(ii) The roman authorities had provided good roads and other
infrastructure which make communication easy. Thus Christians
missionaries and preachers were able to travel with relative ease.
(iii) The roman authorities maintained law and order therefore peace a factor
which enabled Christian missionaries to travel safely within the empire
(iv) There was unity in the Roman empire, under the ruler in Rome thus
citizens of the empire could move from place to place without hindrance
or visas. A factor which helped the Christians missionaries in their
travels
(v) Greek was the common language ( Lingua- Franca) of the empire which
enabled the Christians to communicate their message wherever they went
(vi) The empire had adopted Greek education philosophy and cultures which
provided a point of departure in preaching the gospel.
(vii) The organization skills of the Roman administrators, provinces, city states
and towns helped the Christians in founding churches
(viii) There was some degree of religious freedom which had allowed Jewish
synagogues to exist in cities from where the missionaries started preaching
the gospel.
 (ix) The roman authorities gave roman citizenship to non- romans which
allowed them the same privileges as the Roman themselves. Those
Christians like Paul who had this citizenship could travel throughout the
empire with guaranteed safety and protection.
(x) Later part of roman empire, Christianity was encouraged by Emperor
Eenstantine.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

10. Activities of the church in Kenya which show the Holy Spirit is working among
Christians
(i) Praying e.g. individual, congregational
(ii) Decision making in the church/ solving issues and problems in the church
(iii) Faith healing/ healing the sick
(iv) Speaking in tongues
(v) Singing in tongues
(vi) Singing and dancing/ music
(vii) Preaching/ teaching
(viii) Giving of offertory and alms/ sadaka
(ix) Condemning on the prophetic ministry of the church
(x) Hold fellowship meeting/ Bible study/ reading the bible
(xi) Celebrating of sacraments e.g. Eucharist/ Lord’s supper
(xii) Bringing new converts to the church
(xiii) Pastoral care and consulting
(xiv) Helping the poor and the needy
(xv) Working together of the churches/ ecumenism/ co-operation
(xvi) Writing Christians literature e.g. books/ pamphlets/ magazines
(xvii) Confession of sins/ reconciliations
(xviii) Education/ giving instructions
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

11. Ways of showing respect to the Government

(i) Obeying the laws and observing the constitution of the nation
(ii) Working towards the welfare/ development of the country
(iii) Performing the duties expected of them/ entrusted to them faithfully
(iv) Preaching against sin/ Evil e.g. injustice, exploitation, tribalism, sexism,
oppression
(v) Exercising their civic rights e.g. right to vote, during elections
(vi) Pray for the government and for leaders, the welfare of the nation
(vii) Preaching peace/ love/ justice and reconciliation
(viii) Being involved in charitable work to supplement government efforts e.g.
 helping the sick, poor, old, people with special needs
(ix) Working towards the establishment of good social relationships
(x) Teaching the people to obey the laws of god/ teaching of Jesus to mould
them into good citizens of the country
(xi) Paying taxes to the state
(xii) Christians serve in the government as civil servants
(xiii) Report law breakers/ evil doers to the authorities
(xiv) Observing/ celebrating national days
(xv) Avoiding activities that undermine the government or lead to breakdown of
Law and order e.g. illegal strikes, demonstrations
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

12. Duties of Traditional African healers/ counselors( As a counselor)

(i) They carefully listened to people’s problems
(ii) Created a report/ good relationship with the patients/ trust/ confidence
(iii) Showed interest/ concern/ compassion to the people’s problems
(iv) Asked carefully worded questions to elicit appropriate responses. (These
could be questions on the patients life expenses, his/ her family about friends
and enemies
(v) Analyzed the information given to identify the cause (s) of problems
(vi) They gave their patient assurance that the problem be solved
(vii) They offered remedies for the problems/ Situations to the problems/ giving
medicine
(viii) Made appointments for future consultation. Follow – ups
(ix) Gave advice to the patients evil or harm e.g protective charms medicine.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

13. Ways in which people in Traditional African Communities helped bereaved

families
(i) They visited the bereaved/ stayed with them/ kept them company/ gave them
moral support
(ii) Consoled them though singing, dancing, praying, giving words of comfort
(iii) Contributed food and other material needs and gave them moral support
(iv) Helped them by performing certain duties for them e.g. cooking, cleaning,
welcoming mourners running errands
(v) They attended the funeral to give the departed a good send- off
(vi) Helped in preparing the body for burial
(vii) Informed friends and relatives about the death
(viii) Made a eulogy to praise/ to testify the deceased’s contribution to the
community
(ix) Participated in rituals/ ceremonies performed by the bereaved family e.g.
 slaughtering, eating, dancing, cleansing
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

14. Reasons why courtship was important in Traditional African Marriage

(i) It helps in identification of suitable marriage partners
(ii) The two families involved in marriage negotiations ( of the boy and girl)
established relationship/ familiarization
(iii) The boy and girl had the opportunity to learn one another and their families
(iv) Offered the opportunity to check/ establish whether the two people ( boy and
girl) are related. Near kin to each other
(v) Offered opportunity to establish whether the two people came from
marriageable clans/ families
(vi) Cemented/ strengthened the relationship between the two families through
exchange of gifts mutual visits sharing of food and drink
(vii) Gave the two families time to negotiate for dowry
(viii) Gave time to the family of the young man to look for and pay dowry or part
of
it.
(ix) Gave the two families time to arrangements
(x) Gave time to the girl and boy to be instructed in family life education/
prepare them for a marriage relationship
(xi) Boy and girl were instructed on their duties responsibilities/ privileges in the
community
(xii) Gave time to establish whether the boy and girl weren’t for marriage e.g. on
virginity, impotency, infertility, frigidity
(xiii) (not marriage but courtship)
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

15. Problems which Dr, J L Krapf experienced as a missionary in Kenya

(i) Hostile climate i.e hot and humid weather
(ii) Language barriers, at first he could not communicate effectively with the
local people
(iii) Had to contend with tropical diseases e.g. malaria/ lack of proper medical
facilities
(iv) Suffered personal tragedies when he lost his wife and child through death
(v) Hostility from some quarters e.g. Muslim Arabs and Swahili. Suffered an
attack by robbers when he traveled inland with Chief Kivoi
(vi) Frustrations because the people he had come to work among were slow in
accepting the gospel/ slow phase of the missionary work
(vii) Problems of adopting to a different life style form the one he used to in
Europe e.g. housing, food
 (viii) Suffered from loneliness
(ix) Lack of transport
(x) Wild animals
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

16. Ways in which missionaries helped to rehabilitate freed slaves

(i) They established freed slaves colonies/ centers in their mission stations e.g.
Freetown, Rabai, Ribe, Jomvu, Mazeras where they provided the homeless
freed slaves with home/ shelter and other basic needs
(ii) They taught the freed slaves industrial/ vocational skills to help them become
self- supporting e.g. carpenters, masons, Bricklayers
(iii) Some of them were professionally trained as catechists, evangelists, teachers
to enable them secure employment
(iv) Provided them with formal education to help them improve their living
standards and fir self – realization
(v) Taught Christianity/ converted to Christianity to create awareness of their
human dignity and worth
(vi) Some freed slaves were given jobs in the mission stations as teachers,
catechists, evangelists
(vii) They provided them with land on which to grow their food as well as
provided them with agricultural tools/ material support for business
(viii) They taught the freed slaves better agricultural methods to improve their
yield
(ix) They were taught health science, hygiene and home science to help improve
their health
(x) They were provided with medical care and medicine
(xi) Those who wanted to live outside the colony were allowed and helped to do
so.
(xii) They were helped to find marriage partners
(xiii) They were to observe very strict discipline/ helped in character building
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

17. Why missionaries condemned female circumcision

(i) They argued that the practice was unnecessary / useless
(ii) They viewed the practice with abhorrence/ it was repugnant
(iii) It was not keeping wife European uncivilized norms/ European civilization
(iv) They condemned it was an absence act/ immoral act
(v) It was injurious to the health of the girls/ could lead to death though
bleeding/ could cause infection/ had medical consequences especially in
maternity cases (vi) It was unchristian/ not agreeable with the biblical
teachings
 (5 x 1 = 5 mks)

18. Factors which hinder Christians from helping the needy

(i) Too many needy cases
(ii) Lack of experts to help in specialized areas e.g. in hospitals to help people
with special needs
(iii) Tribal/ ethnic feelings/ zoning prevalent at present/ marginalization
(iv) Political learning’s and influence Christians belonging to a political party are
not free to help needy people who do not belong where they belong
(v) Poor communication/ infrastructure in some parts of the country
(vi) Some times aid has some strings attached donors dictate how aid should be
spent// given used
(vii) Economic demands/ inflation which leave Christians with nothing to help he
poor with/ give/ lack of enough resources
(viii) Indifferences by some Christians to the plight of the needy/ some Christians
are too attached to their material wealth/ selfishness
(ix) Corruption/ bribery prevailing in the society/ lack of transparency and
accountability discourage some of the Christians from helping the poor
(x) Denominational factors where Christians from one denomination are not
ready to help the needy who are not members of their church
(xi) Lack of strategies/ procedure/ system on how help given is spent (xii) Lack
of awareness by some Christians on almsgiving (5 x 1 = 5 mks)

19. Causes of conflicts between parents and children

(i) Age gap between the parents and children, where parents fail to understand
the children and children fail to understand the parents
(ii) Lack of concern by the parents to the needs and interests of their children
(iii) Unwillingness by the children to perform duties accept instruction by the
parents
(iv) Children expecting too much from their parents and vice versa
(v) Failure by parents to give time/ spend time with their children because they
are involved in other things/ guidance and counseling
(vi) Children getting too involved with their peer group and have place for
parents
(vii) Failure by parents to command respect from their children because of their
weakness or failures
(viii) Failure by parents to set good examples to their children/ poor role models
(ix) Extreme poverty which dehumanizes/ extreme wealth which may spoil some
children- doing what they want
(x) Some children are not informed about their responsibilities to the family and
the community
 (xi) Parents putting too much restriction on their children’s freedom/ exercising
too much control over the children / over protectiveness
(xii) Too much freedom given to the children by the parents the pressure/ laxity by
the parents to their children
(xiii) Marital problems by parents
(xiv) Influence of foreign culture/ mass media etc.

20. Why Christians encourage young people to seek church weddings

(i) Marriages is God- ordained/ Marriage is holy/ a sacrament
(ii) So the young people can learn and accept the teachings of the church on
marriage
(iii) So they can have God’s blessings for their marriage
(iv) It is a respectable way to publicize the marriage/ publicly announce that the
two people are man and wife
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 (313/2) 1996
1. (a) Circumstances which led to the exile of Israelites from in Babylon
(i) Towards the end of the seventh century B.C the Babylonians had
become the most powerful nation in the middle East through conquest
(ii) The Israelites had forsaken the covenant way of life with the
neighbours/ the leaders of the people were corrupt/ there was social
injustice/ lack of moral responsibility/ accountability
(iii) The Israelites had broken the covenant relationship with God by
forsaking the religion of their forefathers/ by worshipping idols/
practicing syncretism
(iv) Intermarriages with non- Israelites brought in foreign influence which
made the Israelites run away from Yahweh to other gods
(v) The Israelites also persecuted the prophets of Yahweh( Jeremiah)
when they challenged them about their way of life/ hypocrisy in order
to silence them.
(vi) The Israelites failure to take the opportunity given to them by the
prophets to repent.
(vii) Israel had experienced a succession of weak rulers who did nothing to
return the people to the covenant way of life.
(viii) In 605 B.C Nebuchadnezzar/ Babylonians defeated the Egyptians at
Carchemish leaving no obstacle to prevent the Babylonians from
marching north.
(ix) The Babylonian army captured Judah/ the cities/ forced kind
Jehonakim to accept Babylonian control ( became Nebuchadnezzar’s
vassal).
(x) After three years of Babylonian rule, King Hehoiakim tried to
overthrow the Babylonian rule (but he died suddenly) He was
succeeded by his son Jehorachin)
(xi) The Babylonians armies forced the new king/ Jehoiachin to surrender
in 597 B.C leading to deportation to Babylon as exiles
(xii) The Babylonians installed Zedekiah as their vassal in Judah and
Surrounded the city of Jerusalem.
(xiii) In 587 B.C the Babylonians broke into the city/ completely destroyed
the city/ temple of Jerusalem/ most of the people who survived the
destruction were deported as exiles to Babylon.
8 x 2 = 16 mks

(b) Factors which cause disunity among Christians

(i) Selfishness/ greed for money by some Christians
(ii) Rivalry/ competition for leadership positions/ greed for power
(iii) Misinterpretation by some Christians of the work of the Holy Spirit
(iv) Arrogance/ Pride by some Christians
 (v) Corruption in the church
(vi) Failure by the church leaders to live according to the law of god/ their
failure to live exemplary lives
(vii) Lack of concern by some Christians about the plight of others
(viii) Misinterpretation of the Bible/ doctrinal differences
(ix) Misuse of church funds/ power by some leaders
(x) Lack of transparency/ accountability in running church affairs
(xi) The emergency of charismatic movements in the church creates a
situation where some Christians think they are more equal/ holier than
others.
(xii) Political interference where Christians find themselves in different
political camps
(xiii) Sexism/ women are not involved in decision making they are under
represented
(xiv) Discrimination against the youth churches ignoring the youth in the
running of the church
(xv) Tribalism where Christians are divided along tribal lines/ racism (xvi)
Denominational differences.
9 x 1 = 9 mks)

2. (a) Occasions when the angel appeared

(i) The angel appeared to Mary in Nazareth and told her she would be
pregnant and will give birth a son who will be called the son of the
most High God.
(ii) The angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and told him to
take Mary as his wife, when he was contemplating on leaving her
when he found out that she was pregnant. The angel told him that she
was conceived by the Holy Spirit.
(iii) After the birth of Jesus, the angel of the Lord appeared to the
shepherds who were looking after their flocks at night and informed
them of the birth of the saviour in Bethlehem
(iv) After the visit of the Magi, the angel of the Lord appeared in a dream
to Joseph and told him to take Mary and Baby Jesus and escape to
Egypt because Herod would be looking for the child to kill him.
(v) After the death of King Herod, the angel of the Lord appeared to
Joseph in Egypt and told him to take Jesus and his mother and return
to Israel because Herod who tried to kill the child was dead
(4 x 8 = 8 mks)
Occasion------------ 1 mk to be marked as a
Message ------------- 1 mk to be marked as b
(b) Methods used by Jesus to spread the gospel
(i) Preaching/ teaching the good news in the synagogues. He preached
in the synagogues in Nazareth and throughout the country ( Luke 4:
42 –
44)
(ii) Through the healing miracles/ curing various diseases. Healing of the
paralytic ( Any other miracle)
(iii) Raising the people back to life. Raising of Jairus Daughter ( Any
other)
(iv) Casting out evils spirits/ exorcism. Healing the man with an evil
spirit at Capernaum. ( Any other exorcism
(v) Through miracles of nature. Calling of the storm ( any other
(vi) Giving of discourses/ sermons. Sermon on the mount/ Oschatological
discourse. ( any other.
(vii) Through the use of parables/ allegories. The parable of the sower ( any
other)
(viii) Setting good examples for his disciples/ others to emulate. Washing
the disciples feet, forgave sinners, died on the cross. ( any other)
(ix) Use of live examples/ visual aids. Used a child to teach on meekness.
Innocence as a prerequisite for entry into the kingdom
(x) Delegated his disciples to go on a preaching mission. Mission of the
12/72.
(xi) Through house visits. Visited the home ofMary and Martha. Simon the
Pharisee/ Levi/ Zacheaus/ the sinful woman/ the disciples at Emmaus
(Any other.
(xii) Use of the demonstrations/ role play, washing of feet. ( any other.
(xiii) Question and answer/ asking probing questions “ who do men say I
am”?/ Any other
(xiv) Giving private tuition to his disciples. When he explained to them the
meaning of the parable of the sower/ when he taught them how to
pray/ the last supper . ( “do this in remembrance of me”)
(xv) Teaching in the temple of Jerusalem. During the holy week be taught
in the temple every day.
(xvi) Used life experiences of the people/ human experience. When he
asked for a coin to answer the question on payment of taxes to Caesar.
(xvii) Taught from the known to the unknown. Conversations with the
Samaritan woman ( any other)
(xviii) Use of the Old Testament texts to back his teachings/ elaborate his
teachings. Read the book of Isaiah in the Synagogue in Nazareth.
 (xix) He evaluated his listeners after teaching. After the parable of the good
Samaritan, he asked the teacher of the law. “in your opinion, which
one of these acted like a neighbour towards the man attacked by
robbers”? The teacher of the Law answered,” The one who was kind
to him.” Jesus told him to go and do likewise.
(xx) He Commanded people to do and witness what they had been taught
and what they had seen. Gerasene demoniac.
(xxi) Use of wise sayings e.g. “salt is good, but if it loses its saltness, there
is no way to make it salty again. ( any other)
9 x 1 = 9 mks)
( To get a mark, a candidate must give the method and example)

2. (a) Problems faced by Jesus during his ministry

(i) Rejection by his own people in Nazareth
(ii) Death threats in Nazareth/ by Herod
(iii) He was accused of breaking the law of Moses ( e.g, working on the
Sabbath day/ eating with unwashed hands/ etc
(iv) He was accused of being a friend of sinners and publican/ associating
with sinners and publicans
(v) He was accused of being the prince of demons/ Beelzebub/ Beelzebul
(vi) Faced opposition from the Jewish leaders
(vii) Temptation by the devil
(viii) Was questioned by the Jewish leaders so that they could use his
answers to arrest/trap/ put him to death
(ix) Was betrayed by Judas
(x) Was arrested/ agony
(xi) Was deserted by his disciples after his arrest
(xii) Was denied by peter
(xiii) Was falsely accused of blasphemy/ treachery/ treason
(xiv) Faced trials before the Sanhedrin/ Pilate/ Herod
(xv) Was sentenced to death although he was innocent
(xvi) Was whipped by Pilate
(xvii) Was forced to carry his own cross
(xviii) Was crucified on the cross
(xix) Mocked/ humiliated when he was hanging on the cross
(xx) Was pierced on his side/ a crown of thorns was placed on his head
(xxi) Convincing his disciples about the way he was to fulfil his messianic
role ( Through suffering and death.

3. (a) Jesus teaching in the parable of the sower

 (i) The word of God is preached to all people, but different people take
it in different ways
(ii) Some people hear the word of God, but the devil come and takes it
away, so that they do not believe get saved
(iii) Some people hear the word of God and receive it gladly, but when
problems come they forget it. Fail away.
(iv) Some people hear the word of God, but it does not take in their
hearts because the worries/ riches/ pleasures of the world crop and in
the choke the word
(v) Some people hear the word of God and keep it in their hearts until
they bear fruits
(vi) Christians should keep the word of God in their hearts and should
spread it to others.
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)

3. (b) How the early Christians preserved the teaching of Jesus (i)
Through worship e.g. Prayers/ praises
(ii) Preaching the good news to others/ baptism
(iii) Teachings/ instructions by the apostles
(iv) Putting the teachings of Jesus into practice/ committed to Jesus
teaching (e.g. helping the poor/ sharing e. t.c)
(v) By witnessing about Jesus/ testimonies
(vi) Celebrating of the Lord’s supper’
(vii) Missionary work
(viii) Writing/ keeping a written record of the teachings of Jesus/ what he
did and said.
(ix) Keryoma/ oral traditions
(x) Through their faith in Jesus Christ
(xi) Allowing the Holy Spirit to guide them
(xii) Welcoming/ winning the converts into the community
(xiii) Through counseling/ pastoral care
(xiv) Through writing letters/ epistles
(xv) Through visiting other members
(xvi) Sharing of the good news among themselves/ fellowship
(xvii) Apostle training e.g. Paul trained Timothy
(xviii) Accepting to suffer/ persecution and even death for the sake of the
gospel use it to back their teaching/ messages.
(xix) Incorporating people’s culture into the gospel ( E.g. Hellenism/ Greek
Philosophy)
( 9 x 1 = 9 mks)
 (c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Good news
(i) Reading the bible to others
(ii) It is used for instructing new converts
(iii) Preaching/ preaching the bible
(iv) Used as a textbook in Christians Religious in schools and colleges
(v) Used as a basic reference book in general dissemination/ reach for
knowledge
(vi) Christian hymns/ songs are derived from the bible ( E.g. Psalms,
magnificent, benedicts.
(vii) Distribute bible to individuals/ institutions making them available for
all read
(viii) Translation of the Bible into vernaculars so that people can read/
understand it in their own language
(ix) Used in taking of oath/ making promises ( e.g. swearing in members
of parliament, in law courts)
(x) Christians literature book, pamphlets/ magazines) quote the bible/
( 8 x 1 = mks)

4. (a) Reasons why cleansing rituals were important in traditional African

Communities
(i) Cleansing rituals were used to expiate/ forgive wrongdoers of their
sins
(ii) Cleaning ceremonies/ rituals were performed to protect individuals/
families/ community against repercussion for the wrong done
(iii) Helped to maintain good inter – personal relationship / cohesion in the
community/ reconciliation of the parties.
(iv) For purification/ acceptance of members who had been declared
ritually unclean/ or had broken taboos, so that they could continue
with their normal activities in the society, ( e.g. after childbirth/ those
who had committed murder/ adultery/ after bereavement/ etc. (v)
To appease the ancestral spirits
(vi) Cleaning rituals were part of the rites of passage. (Individual had to
go through ritual cleaning to signify that they had left their old selves
and acquired different status. ( e.g. circumcision/ death.)
(vii) The cleaning of the body before burial was prepared the deceased for
the new life.
(viii) To rid individual/ families/ community of evil
(ix) To send away evil spirits/ forces
(x) To protect against calamities/ problems/ sicknesses/ epidemics
(xi) Cleansing rituals were performed to persuade the spirits of the dead
not to linger around the homestead/ cause misfortune to the family. (8
x 2 = 16 mks)
(b) Factors which promoted harmony in traditional African Communities
(i) Sharing of resources among members of the community, (e.g food
and drink)
(ii) Participation in communal activities/ work ( according to sex/ age/
status).
(iii) Participation of individual in social activities which through people
together ( e.g. during harvest festivals, communal dances and games)
(iv) Involvement of all members of the community to celebrate the rites
of passage/ rituals accompanying them ( e.g. birth, initiation,
marriage, death)
(v) People in the community were governed by rules/ regulations and
taboos/ which were strictly observed
(vi) Those who deviated from the norms of the society were punished/
prescribed punishments for the wrong doers/ which discouraged vices
( such as cheating, dishonesty, greed, disobedience).
(vii) Children were educated on the values/ virtues/ their duties/
responsibilities obligations to the community.
(viii) There was continued education for all members of the community on
what was expected of them.
(ix) Ancestral land was communally owned/ there were no landless
people in the community.
(x) Extended family system ensured that children / orphans and the
widows were taken care of by other members of the extended family.
(xi) Communal way of solving individual/ family problems promoted
understanding in the community.
(xii) Division of labour/ the roles of each individual member of the
community were defined and adhered to.
(xiii) A system of taking care of the needy/ the disadvantaged/ strangers
existed
(xiv) The people held the same religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted
unity
(xv) The people believed that they had a common origin, the Kikuyu
believed that they are children of Gikuyu and Mumbi
(xvi) The communities had their own mechanism of defending themselves
against outside invaders
(xvii) Each community had its own social/ political organization and the
members simply fitted in the system
5. (a) Factors which favoured the spread of Christianity in Kenya between
1900 and 1914
(i) The completion of the Uganda railway linking the coast to the
hinterland of Kenya made it easier/ safer for the missionaries to travel
to the mainland
(ii) The colonization of Kenya by the British helped in the establishment
of law and order which enabled the missionaries
(iii) Settle among different communities/ carry on with their work
(iv) The building of towns roads/ the installation of other infrastructure by
the colonial government connecting their administrative centers
enabled the missionaries to move with relative ease.
(v) The colonial administration favoured the missionaries ( whom they
saw as complementing their work) by ready giving them land
certificates of occupation. ( the missionaries enjoyed support of the
colonial administration as both were working as “allies” to introduce
western concepts.
(vi) The colonial administration provided security/ protection necessary for
the successful work of the missionaries
(vii) Some Africans were not so successfully in their tribal setting and were
quick to join the “new” religion where they were recognized
(viii) The need for western education provided by the missionaries attracted
Africans to the mission stations. ( some people were quick to realize
the importance of education in the new colonial set –ups e.g.
acquisition of job employment/ better living standards
(ix) The missionaries/ colonial administration used chiefs to persuade their
people to send their children to mission schools
(x) The need for western medicine ( led to the establishment of hospitals/
health centers/ dispensaries/ clinics by the missionaries made some
Africans who sought treatment to come in to contact with Christianity.
(xi) The oppression and exploitation of the Africans by the administration
and settlers created room for Christians teachings/ helped to develop
friendship and trust between the missionaries and the Africans
(xii) Need for development by those Africans who were quick to realize
that Christianity went hand in hand with development.

6. (a) Reasons why some Christians are opposed to capital punishment (i)
It is against the human rights to take away an individuals life.
(ii) God’s law forbids human beings form killings/ committing murder.
(“You shall not kill”)
(iii) Capital punishment does not serve/ fulfill the purpose for which
punishment is intended, i.e retribution/ warning/ reform/
discouragement from repeating the offence.
(iv) It is an attack on the human dignity of an individual
 (v) Human beings are made in the image/ likeness of God, so capital
punishment is destroying then image of God in human beings
(vi) It is a criminal attack on another person in the eyes of Christians
(vii) It is God who gives life and only God has the right to take it.
(viii) The judge who pronounces capital punishment on the accused person
may be prejudiced/ unjust/ dishonest/ might make the wrong
judgment
(ix) Human beings are imperfect/ they cannot assess the responsibility of
the offender with absolute accuracy/ God alone is accurate ( e.g
person might be accused wrongly/ human beings are unable to assess
the inner intentions of the offender. How much evil was done).
(x) God’s intention of punishment is to bring repentance/ reform ( capital
punishment denies an individuals this opportunity
(xi) Those who execute punishment/ the offender/ their family/ suffer
degradation
(xii) Deprive a family community of a member
(xiii) It is irreversible

( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
6. (b) Lessons from Jesus Trial by Pilate
(i) Jesus was innocent/ did not deserve death
(ii) Christians should not accuse other falsely
(iii) Should not be intimidated/ influenced by others to do/ say what they
know is wrong
(iv) Should only do what is pleasing to God and not what pleases fellow
human beings
(v) Should strive for justice/ fairness regardless of the cost
(vi) Should be careful in judging/ accusing others/ passing judgment on
others
(vii) Should give examples to others/ give guidance
(viii) Jesus is the messiah/ son of God.
(8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(c) Ways in which Christians help those who have been released from
Prison
(i) Visiting them so that they may feel wanted in the society / invite
them to their homes
(ii) Pray for them
(iii) Preach the good news of salvation to them
(iv) Provide them with basic necessities (e.g shelter, food and clothing)
(v) Show them love/ concern
(vi) Involve them in the community/ church activities
(vii) Provide them with guidance and counseling to help them and reform
(viii) Welcome them into the church
(ix) Help them to become self- reliant by helping them acquire
employment/ survival skills for self/ job employment
(x) Listen to them/ help them solve problems
(xi) Counsel their families to accept/ forgive them.
9 x 1= 9 mks
 K.C.S.E MARKING SCHEME 1997
C.R.E PAPER 1
1. The responsibilities given by God to human being in the Genesis stories of creation
(i) Procreate - To rule over the rest of creation/ to
care, conserve and preserve the environment
(ii) Take care - To be in charge of the fish, the birds
and all the
birds and all the animals/ rule over God’s creation
(iii) In charge - To cultivate the garden and guard it
(iv) Eat - To eat from the fruits of the
garden
(v) Obey - To obey God/ God’s command
(vi) Marry - to get married/ should marry
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

2. The qualities of Moses shown during His call

(i) Care/ cautiousness
(ii) Inquisitiveness
(iii) Respect/ cautiousness
(v) Patience
(vi) Obedience
(vii) Wisdom/ intelligence
(viii) Courage/ Bravery/ fearlessness
(ix) Faith/ trust
(x) Consistence/ reliability
(xi) Humility
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
3. Five qualities of the servant of Yahweh according to prophet Isaiah
(i) Messiah - Chosen one of God/ God’s anointed/
messiah
(ii) Pleasing - Pleasing to God
(iii) Spirit filled - God’s spirit is in film
(iv) man of justice
(v) Patience - Patience/ tolerance/ endurance
(vi) Humble - Humility
(vii) nonviolence - gentleness/ non- violence
(viii) Courage - Courage
(ix) Righteousness - Righteousness/ holiness/ uprightness
(x) Liberator - Liberator from oppression/ saves/
redeemed/
 Restores
(xi) - God is glorified in him/ reflects God glory
(xii) Teacher - Knowledge/ teacher/ ready to learn
(xiii) Constant - Stead fastness/ constant
(xiv) Hope - Hope
(xv) - Vindicated/ free of guilt/ innocent
(xvi) - He is faithful/ obedient
(xvii) - Messenger of goods news
(xviii) - Prosperity
(xiv) - Divinity/ supernatural
(xv) - Power/ almightiness
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

4. Factors which led to the division of the kingdom of Israel

(i) Foreign wives - Solomon had married many
foreign
princesses who bought high places ( idols) with
them the worship of foreign gods to Israel.
(ii) Sol. Worship ( idols) - Solomon not only allowed his
foreigners wives to worship their gods but also built
high places of worship where his wives worshipped
their gods. This displeased God.
(iii) - Solomon broke the covenant with God by
disobeying his commands not to worship
foreign gods. ( 1 kings 11: 9- 10)
(iv) Over taxation - In order to support his harem
of wives and court officials, Solomon needed a lot of
money and this he got by overtaxing his subjects. This
was oppression.
(v) Forced labour - Solomon spent years and a
lot of resources building his own palace and the
temple, projects made him introduce forced labour in
Israel.
(vi) Kingdom divided redness of Jeroboam
- The over- taxation and forced labour made the Israelites
dissatisfied with Solomon’s rules. The dissatisfaction among the Israelites found a
spokesman in Jeroboam. (vii) After Solon’s death his son Rehoboam succeeded
him/ rejection of the advice from the old men
(viii) Jeroboam led a delegation of Israelites elders to Rehoboam to ask him to rule
them less harshly than his father Solomon. The bitterness of the Northern
Kingdom led to the rebellion.
 (ix) Rehoboam rejected the counsel of the elders who advised him to tell the `
delegation that he would rule them less harshly than Solomon.
The bitterness of the Northern Kingdom led to the rebellion
(x) He listened to the young men who told him to tell the delegation that he
would rule them more harshly than his father cared for him/ Rehoboam
listened
The readiness of Jeroboam to lead a rebellion/ encouragement from prophet
Elijah to lead the rebellion North
(xi) When Rehoboam told the delegation that his rule would be harsher than his
father’ they were so angered and the ten northern tribes of Israel rejected him
as King and rebelled against him.
(xii) The rebellious tribes chose Jeroboam as their king and only the two southern
tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained under the Kingship of Rehoboam. The
redness of Jeroboam to lead rebellious tribes/ encouragement of Prophet
Elijah to lead rebellion tribe.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

5. The Teachings of John the Baptist about Jesus Christ

(i) Jesus is great/ famous/ greater than John
(ii) Jesus will bring God’s Salvation/ saviour/ save humanity from sin
(iii) He will proclaim judgment
(iv) He will punish sinners and reward he righteous/ believers/ give eternal
life to those who believe in him
(v) Jesus is the Messiah/ Christ/ God’s anointed
(vi) Jesus is the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world/ Jesus will
die for the sin of humanity/ save humanity from sin
(vii) Jesus will lead the new community of believers ( Bridegroom)
(viii) Jesus was sent by God / He is from God/ God’s messenger/ son of God
(ix) Jesus is loved by God / God has given Jesus everything/ believed of God
(x) Jesus will be filled with the Holy Spirit
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

6. (a) Lessons about Jesus Mission from the incident when a woman caught in
Adultery was brought to him.
(i) Jesus mission was to teach/ Preach the good news
(ii) Jesus mission was to justify/ fulfill the Law of Moses/
to fulfill the Law of the prophets.
(iii) Jesus’ mission was to and for all people/ universal/ for
all nations/ Jesus/
Mission did not discriminate against any group of people / it was fair to all
(iv) Jesus did not come to judge/ condemn sinners but to
save them
 (v) Jesus mission was to seek and save the lost
(vi) Jesus mission was to challenge the Jewish leaders in
their attitudes/ their hypocrisy/ their interpretation of
the law
(vii) Jesus was going to experience problems/ difficulties/
temptations in his mission
(viii) Jesus does not condone sin although he forgives the
sinner
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

7. Christians teachings about the Lord’s Supper

(i) The Lord’s Supper was inaugurated by Jesus
(ii) It is celebrated Jesus death and resurrection/ memorial
of crucified and risen Christ ( Anamnesis).
(iii) The Lord’s supper is a gift from the lord
(iv) It is a sacrifice of praise and thanks giving
(v) It is the Church’s effective proclamation of God’s
mighty acts and promises
(vi) It is a sign of the unity of the church/ believers
(vii) It is the new Paschal meal of the church/ the meal of the
new covenant which Christ gave to his disciple
(viii) It is a sacramental meal which by visible signs
communities God’s love in
Jesus Christ / sacrament of Christ real presence
(ix) The bread is a symbol of the body of Christ which was
crucified
(x) The wine/ cup is a symbol of his blood which was shed/
blood of the new covenant.
(xi) It is a foretaste of Christ poising and of the final
kingdom/ symbolic of the heavenly banquets
(xii) It is central to Christian worship/ Eucharistic.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

8. Causes of disunity in the Early church

(i) The questions on the inclusion of the Gentiles in the church. Some Jewish
Christians were not read to accept Gentle Christians in the church unless
they underwent circumcision.
(ii) There was negligence of the Windows in the distribution of food
(iii) Disagreement between/ among leaders, e.g. Paul and Barnabas, Paul and
Peter.
 (iv) Groupings in the church where some Christians did not live according to
the teachings of Christ.
(v) The problem of the gifts of the Holy spirit some Christians became
arrogant because they believed they were more gifted than others
(vi) Different interpretations of the doctrines e.g. resurrection, sin, salvation,
Christology holy spirit, dressing
(vii) Behaviour during the celebration of the Lord’s supper
(viii) Christians took other to pagan courts
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

9. Teachings about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the Day of Pentecost

(i) Jesus was from Nazareth
(ii) Jesus had a human nature
(iii) Jesus had a divine nature
(iv) Jesus was attested by God to work miracles and wonders through Jesus
(v) Jesus death/ crucifixion was according to God’s plan
(vi) God raised Jesus from the dead
(vii) Jesus conquered death/ has victory over death/ overcame death
(viii) The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfill the prophecy of David. / the
death and resurrection of Jesus were foretold by David
(ix) Jesus is a descendant of David
(x) Jesus ascended into heaven/ is exalted at the right – hand of God
(xi) The Holy spirit is a gift from Jesus
(xii) God has made Jesus both Lord and Christ / Messiah
5 x 1 = 5 mks)
10. Effects of Paul’s conversation on the early Christian church
(i) The persecution of Christians decreased as Paul had been their chief
persecutor
(ii) Expansion of the new faith through Paul’s missionary journeys/
evangelization
(iii) The spread of the new faith to the Gentiles as Paul had been appointed
apostle to the Gentiles
(iv) Paul’s letter to different churches were included in the scriptures/
canonized
(v) Through his teachings and admonitions to different churches. Paul gave
interpretations to Christians doctrines/ clarified the teachings of the church
(vi) He helped set up structures in the early church e.g. types of leadership and
thus church in a society
(vii) By his examples of tolerance, Constance in faith the Gospel in spite of
persecution he set a model for other Christians to emulate at this difficult
time of persecution
 (viii) Paul defended the gospel against any attacks
11. Teachings of saint Paul on the resurrection
(i) The resurrection of Jesus was foretold in the scriptures/ resurrected
according to scriptures
(ii) His appearance to Peter the twelve and the five hundred
(iii) Jesus appeared to Paul
(iv) Jesus resurrection is a proof that there is the resurrection of the dead
(v) God raised Jesus from the dead
(vi) Christians faith is found on their belief in the resurrection of Jesus
(vii) Because Christ rose from the dead, all those who die will resurrect
(viii) The resurrection of Jesus destroyed death/ was victory over death
(ix) Baptism signifies that Jesus resurrected
(x) People will resurrect in new/ different spiritual bodies
(xi) The trumpet will sound and the dead will be raised imperishable and all
will be changed a day.
(xii) Resurrection gives hope to believers/ Christians
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

12. Lessons on the cost of discipleship from the Uganda

(i) Christians should be ready to suffer and even die for their faith/ should not
give up their faith during persecution/ held on the truth at
all cost.
(ii) Following Jesus can lead to suffering and even death
(iii) Christians should be ready to deny themselves for the sake of the gospel
(iv) They should rely on God help during persecution
(v) They should not conform/ compromise political social or traditional
demands expense of their faith
(vi) They should pray and forgive their enemies martyrdom should unite
against oppression injustice and persecution
(vii) They should be determined to carry out the work of God. Propagate the
gospel witness to Christ. In spite of persecutions/ condemn evil. 5 x 1 = 5
mks)

13. Traditional African Practices which demonstrate people’s belief in God

(i) Praying to God
(ii) Offering of sacrifices
(iii) Singing and dancing to God
(iv) Giving children the names of God
(v) Building of shrines for God, e.g. mountains, caves,
lakes, hills, forests
(vi) Pronouncing blessings and curses in the name of God
 (vii) Taking oaths in the name of God/ making covenants in
the name of God
(viii) Giving instructions on / /t the teaching attributes of God
(ix) Teaching of moral, taboos/ living virtues lives
(x) Invoking the name of God in times of problems
(xi) Visiting holy scared places
(xii) Telling stories of creation/ origin of life and death to
their descendants
(xiii) Using proverbs and riddles to uncover the mysteries of
nature/ creation (xiv) Caring for God’s creation/ sacred
trees, animals and birds (xv) Consulting priest/
seers, prophets about God’s will.
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

14. Occasions when oaths were administered in Traditional African Communities

(i) During reconciliation ceremonies
(ii) During marriage
(iii) After initiation
(iv) When preparing for a raid
(v) When deciding on cases/ setting disputes
(vi) When a person was being adopted into a family clan or tribe
(vii) When a person was being initiated into a secret society
(viii) During installation of leaders ( oath of office
(ix) When a community was threatened member took oath to remain united
against the enemy
(x) During the making of peace treaties
(xi) When buying land
(xii) During naming ceremonies/ children dedicated to God/ ancestors.

15. Occasions when the services of a medicine- man- were required in traditional
African communities
(i) During sickness
(ii) During initiations into adulthood
(iii) Before important undertaking e.g raid, war, marriage
(iv) During catastrophes e.g. drought, floods, death
(v) When a person required charms for protection against
evil ort a portion to use to achieve a desired goal
(vi) When it was necessary to dispel witchcraft/ magic/
sorcery and other forces of evil
(vii) In case of impotence/ barrenness
 (5 x 1 = 5 mks)

16. Factors which hindered the expansion of the missionary work in Kenya in the
19thCentury
(i) Lack of trained personnel such as ministries,
catechists, evangelistic and teachers to do missionary
work
(ii) Lack of resources ( money), to expand the work and
put up facilities For missionary work
(iii) Poor infrastructure e.g. roads and others means of
communication.
Missionaries could only stay in one station and traveling from one place to
Another was difficult .
(iv) Failure by missionaries to use appropriate methods and
approaches to win the Africans to Christianity.
(v) Negative attitudes and lack of interest by Africans to
Christianity
(vi) Language problems, missionaries would not
communicate effectively with the local people and
vice versa. Missionaries spent valuable time learning
local languages which they could otherwise put into
missionary work.
(viii) Cultural resistance from the local people. Some people felt that becoming
Christians would alienate them from their communities
(ix) Environmental and geographical factors hostile climate, difficult terrains,
droughts.
(x) Attacks by tropical diseases, e.g. Malaria, blackwater diseases
(xi) Fear of wild animals
(xii) Fear of hostile tribes, e.g. Maasai, Gallo
(xiii) Competition from other religious e.g. Islam and African traditional religious
(xiv) Rivalry among Mission societies/ denominations/ religion groups
(xv) Attitudes of some missionaries towards Africans- considered Africans
primitive/ savage / untutored/ unable to comprehend Christian abstract
doctrines
(xvi) German missionaries were not accepted in British colonies
(xvii) Contradiction in the Christian message / some condemned use of alcohol
while others tolerated it some condemned polygamy while others tolerated
it, circumcision of women.

17. Reasons why Kenyans are attracted to the church

(i) being members of a church gives the belonging/
identity
 (ii) Some go to church as a form of leisure / routine/ habit
(iii) To worship and join others in worship
(iv) Some go to church to make friends / met friends/
socialize
(v) Others go to church to look for material help (vi)
for spiritual growth/ development and nurture.
(vii) To some, it is prestigious to go church/ seek popularity/ recognition
(viii) To fulfill an obligation/ as a sense of duty
(ix) To seek comfort and consolation
(x) To seek forgiveness and correction
(xi) To physical and spiritual healing
(xii) For guidance and counseling
(xiii) To cover up their sins/ crimes/ wrong doing/ hypocrism
(xiv) To seek God’s blessings
(xv) To provide good education for their children/ get them Christian schools
(xvi) To follow the religion of their parents/ not to annoy their parents. (5 x 1
= 5 mks)

18. Ways in which the church could help street children (i) Rehabilitate them/
reform them/ change them
(ii) Try to link them up with their families / parents
(iii) Give them guidance and counseling
(iv) Provide them with the basics of life- food, shelter and clothing/ material
support
(v) Help them to got to school/ provide leaving resources/ pay school fees
(vi) Help in building home for them/ contribute to building homes
(vii) Appeal to the governments and the non- governmental organizations and
the community to help those children
(viii) Persuade them to attend church and accept them into the churches/ give
them moral support.
(ix) Accept and welcome street boys to their homes
(x) Evangelize them/ win them to the church
(xi) Start money generating projects for them
(xii) Help equip them with survival skills for employment and self-
employment
(xiii) Teach them values and morals e.g. cleanliness, honesty, self – respect (5
x 1 = 5 mks)
19. Ways in which Christians practices social justice
(i) By sharing belongings and resources with those who dot have
(ii) Helping the poor and the needy/ orphans
(iii) Visiting the sick, prisoners, bereaved, the oppressed and the depressed
 (iv) Fulfilling their domestic obligations
(v) Fulfilling their civic obligations
(vi) Provision of social services e.g. schools, hospitals and orphanages
(vii) Fulfilling ecclesiastical obligations and responsibilities
(viii) Praying for peace and justice
(ix) Pointing for peace and justice
(x) Pointing out and correcting evil in society
(xi) Calling for justice and the rule of law
(xii) Caring for the environment
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

20. Advantages of a monogamous marriage

(i) To achieve intimate oneness for two persons. Two is
company, three is a Crowd
(ii) Wife, husband and children get undivided love
(iii) It is easier to achieve complete faithfulness and trust
(iv) It becomes easier to build mutual confidence
(v) Makes it easier to bring up children in a healthy and
peaceful atmosphere
(vi) It is the only legal marriage relationship in law and
according to the church
(vii) Reduces the risk of drug and alcohol use by the
children and parents/ produces delinquency
(viii) Helps to enhance/ improves family resources
(ix) Wife is able to enjoy all the rights and privileges
without threat and competition
(x) Reduce of the effect of injected with S.T.D.S
(xi) Easier to achieve complete harmony and peace in the
family
(xii) The practices of inheritance upon the death of the
father
(xiii) Children grow in confidence and develop love, trust
and respect for the father
(xiv) Reduces rivalry in family / Favoritism/ jealously
among wives and children
(xv) Reduces cases of homicide
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
 Christian Religious Education Paper 2 313/2 1997

1. a) Ways in which King David promoted the worship of Yahweh.

i) David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. (The Ark of the Covenant in
Jerusalem signified the presence of God among his people). Yahweh’s presence was
at the centre of Israel ‘s life).
ii) He made Jerusalem the Hold City / religious / spiritual capital to which Israelites
from over the land came for important religious occasions.
iii) He composed psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites / Jews (e.g.
reading / singing / reading)
iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh (Nathan/God) listened to their
messages/advice/admonitions.
v) When David made mistakes, he repented / asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/pardon.
vi) David humbled himself before Yahweh/ he called himself the servant of
Yahweh / completely submitted to His will / obeyed God / was loyal. vii) He
advised others to obey God / to keep God’s commandments / Shepherded Israel to
true worship of Yahweh.
viii) David praised God through song/ dance / music.
ix) David Wanted to build a house / temple for God (where the Ark of the covenant
would be kept / Israelited would meet for worship).
x) David constantly prayed to God / Sought God’s guidance / Glorified God / gave
thanks to God. xi) He conquered the enemies of Israel so that they could live in
peace / was a sign of God’s presence among them.
6 x 2 = 12marks

1. b) What Christian learn about God from the call of prophet Isaiah.
i) Transcendent (High and lifted up) exalted.
ii) Almighty / all powerful / omnipotent.
iii) Majestic iv) Holy
v) Glorious vi) To be glorified / praised
/ worthy of praise. vii) To be worshiped /
adored
viii) Sanctifies / cleanses / from sin / purifies
ix) Punishes sin/ destroys
x) God restores / forgives / pardons
xi) He commissions/ sends / gives a task / proclaims / promises
a task / service.
xii) God chooses / uses / calls / makes a choice / selects to service / whom to send.

1. C) Ways in which Christians show gratitude to God.

i) Through prayers / thanks giving/ praise /
adoration/worship.
ii) Through offertory / tithes. iii)
Caring for the sick / old / disabled.
iv) Through song / dance / music.
v) Dedicating themselves to the service of God/ church.
vi) Preaching / teaching / witnessing to the Gospel / evangelizing. vii)
Working for the well – being / development of their community.
viii) Caring for the environment. ix) Taking caring of
themselves. x) Obeying God’s laws / doing ix)
Taking caring of themselves.
x) Obeying God’s laws /doing God’s will dedicate to God’s service.
xi) Acting as peace-makers/reconcilers.
xi) Celebration of the sacraments.
xiii) Celebration of Christian Holidays/Sabbath /Feasts (e.g. Easter/
Christmas/Pentecost.
xiv) Observing the traditions of the church/ following the doctrines of the church.
xv) Through writing/composing Christian literature/ songs xv) Through
writings/ composing Christian literature/ songs.
xvi). Offering their time/talents for the wok of the church/ building worshipping
places.
6x1= 6mks
2 a) Jesus Teachings about the Kingdom of God from His parables.
i) It is God who establishes His Kingdom. He is like a sower. (parable of the
sower).
ii) God gives life to the kingdom so that it grows from within like a seed and
spreads out irresistibly as yeast permeates the dough. (Parables of the Mustard
seed/Yeast/leaven). iii) Jesus has brought / ushered in the Kingdom of God/
through his works and his very person. iv) The kingdom of God is a
present reality, as sower, God has sown the seed it is growing.
v) The Kingdom of God is a future reality (eschatological)/ the kingdom of God
is awaiting completion/perfection (the parable of the wheat and Tares).
Vi) The secrets of the Kingdom are reveal. Given to a chosen few, to others they
are in parables. Hidden.
vii) The Kingdom of God is universal /for all peoples/nations (mustard seed).
viii) The Kingdom of God starts in a small way /grows secretly to include all the
nations of the world (mustard seed/Yeast).
ix) There will be judgment in the Kingdom of God/ God will separate the
righteous and the sinners/ The righteous will be rewarded and sinners will be
punished . (Wheat and the Tares).
x) The Kingdom of God is for the righteous ones.
xi) The Kingdom of God is precious / valuable (it was worthy forfeiting all else
for the sake of the Kingdom ). (e.g Treasure/the pearl)
 xii) God searches lost individuals and bring them back/ restore them to the
Kingdom. xiii) There is rejoicing in the kingdom when one lost individual
is retrieved /brought back.
Note: Candidates do not have to quote the parable.
7 x 2 = 13mks (maximum)
2. b) Obstacles that Christians could encounter in
trying to promote social justice in Kenya.
(i) Opposition from the rich/Government –who will not be willing to help/ share
their riches with the poor.
(ii) Opposition from the powerful/those in power making positions-because they
are not willing to share the power/power making positions with others.
(iii) Greed/selfishness/corruption – resulting in grabbing exploitation of the
poor/powerless.
(iv) Political leanings/people belonging to a political party- are not willing to
share power/wealth resources with those belonging to different political
parties.
vi) Racism-people belonging to a certain race discriminating against others.
vii) Different religious/ faiths/denominations-are not walling to help people of
other faiths/denominations.
viii) Sexism-where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with women.
ix) Age factor- Where the men dominate/are not willing to share power with
women youth, as to them the youth are irresponsible/ inexperienced/the youth
are not ready to share power/ responsibilities with the old because they are out
of dead wood.
x) The educated-who have no regard for the uneducated who they regard as
ignorant.
6x2= 12mks)
3. a) Saint Pail’s Teachings about Love (1 Cor. 13)
i It is a gift from God/ of the Holy spirit
ii. It is the most important gift iii. It is
patient / does not let down.
Iv It kind
(v) Not jealous/envious
(vi) Not conceited/Proud /not cruel/not self seeking vii Not ill mannered viii. Not
selfish/it is generous/ not cruel/not self seeking. Ix Not irritable/ resentful/not
quick to anger/bears no grudges x. Does not keep a record of wrongs xi Not
happy with evil xii It is happy with truth xiii. Never give up/endures/not
tired/tolerant/withstands long suffering xiv Its faith/hope/patience never
fails/it is reliable. xv. It is eternal 8 x 1 = 9mks.
3. b) i They left their jobs/occupations/families and followed Jesus.
ii Listened to /accepted his teachings/obeyed him.
iii Invited him to their homes (Mary and Martha/Peter/Levi)
iv They joined him in prayer
 v Anointed him as a mark of great honour (Mary Magdalene/the sinful
woman.
vi Gave him physical protection (e.g. Peter).
vii Served Jesus. viii Accompanied/followed him from place/kept him
company. ix. Helped him to spread/teach/proclaim/preach the
good news (e.g
Mission of the 12/72/70)
x. Showed concern/love for his well-being /cared for him.
Xi Advised him/sought advice from him.
Xii Glorified /praised him
Xiii Put their faith/trust in him were steadfast.
Xiv Addressed him as Rabbi/ master/Teacher/ respected him
xv. Paid tax for him
xvi. Peter was prepared to die with Jesus/followed him to the home of the
High Priest during the trial.
Xvii Peter cried when he remembered he had denied Jesus.
Xviii Were present at the cross of Jesus/weeping.
xix. Removed his body from the cross/wrapped it/ buried it/were sad when
he died.
Xx Took care of his mother.
Xxi were happy/ excited when Jesus resurrected. xxii.
Accompanied him to the mount of ascension. Xxiii Waited on
his promise of the Holy spirit in Jerusalem. xxiv. Spread the
Good News of Jesus Christ after his ascension.
8x1=8mks

3. c) Problems faced by Church ministers in their work

i. Lack of money/resources to pay their salaries/meet other expenses.
ii. Poor housing/lack of housing for themselves/their families iii some Christians might
reject a minister/lack of acceptance by some Christians on grounds of
education/age/tribe.
Iv What they preach/teach might make them unpopular with some members of
the congregation/with the powers that be.
v. Might work in geographical hostile environments where they might suffer from
disease/drought/weather /traveling long distances. vi. People might expect too
much from them when they are only human. When they make mistakes people may
not readily forgive them.
Vii some members may not co-operate with them.
viii. Might face un co-operate from other church leaders (e.g.
Bishops/moderators).
ix. Might not be in agreement with some rules/regulations/ standing orders of the
church.
 x. Pastoral problems might be too complex to deal with/might not be able to
handle some people.
xi. Settling quarrels/disagreements/disputes without being seen to take sides xii
suffer from stress. Depression from personal problems/ problems form the
congregation and have nobody to share with them/might not share problems
with people for fear of exposing weaknesses.
Xiii Problems/ harassment form civil authorities/politicians who might want to use the
church for their own benefits/accusation of involvement in politics.
Xiv Might not know how to deal with different groups in the church (e.g.
youth/women/men/choir/revival groups).
Xv Might face cultural barriers. Language problems if they are not working in
their home districts.
xvi. Temptations from worldly/ earthly pleasures/materials.
xvii. External factors-competition/rivalry from other religions/other Christian
denominations.
xviii. Too much demand on their time/services by the members.
8x1=8mks
4 a) Measures taken by traditional African communities to discourage
pregnancies before marriage.
i. Sex education was given to the youth in order to instill
discipline/responsibility.
Ii The youth were made aware /advised/sensitized of the dire consequences of
irresponsible sex leading to pregnancy before marriage.
iii. Sex before marriage was prohibitive in most traditional African communities
virginity was highly valued.
iv. girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished/they were
ostracized. Disowned by he family/put to death/forced to marry old/useless
men.
v. Young men who were found to have impregnated a girl before marriage were
also punished /paid a heavy fine/reprimanded/banned by their age groups/
defamed in songs/ given nasty nicknames.
vi. Parents, (especially the mothers) were held responsible for their daughter
conduct/ girls movements were closely watched and their movements
monitored. Limited
vii. During social occasions(e.g dances) young people were supervised so that
they did not misbehave.
Viii There was physical separation of sexes/boys and girls/ males, lived in separate
houses.
Ix There were taboos/rules/regulations on sex relationships
X The entire traditional African community was concerned about the moral fiber
/integrity.
 Xi Sexes were taught to respect each other/treat each other with respect/ to
respect their own bodies/maintain their dignity/ honour.

4 b) Factors which have contributed sexual immorality among the youth i.

Drugs/alcohol abuse among the youth ii. Permissiveness in the society/moral laxity
/lack of discipline in the society.
Iii Pornography form print media/materials /literature/pictures. Iv
Poverty which has led some to turn to commercial sex/prostitution V
Lack of proper sex education for the youth.
Vi Changing life styles/urbanization resulting in overcrowded house/ lack of
privacy.
Vii Influence form electronic media (e.g television. Video cassettes/cinemas).
Viii Availability of contraceptives which make the youth engage in sex education
without any fear of pregnancies.
Ix Unemployment/Idleness the youth are lured into sex with promises of
jobs/favors
X Stress/frustrations, force the youth to seek consolation in sex among other
things.
Xi The wrong role models from the adults/the youth don’t have examples to
emulate.
Xii Peer pressure/youth engage in sex to fit in their peer group/to be accepted.
Xiii Parents have abdicated their role of teaching the youth about the facts of life
to the schools which doing very little/nothing at all.

7x1=1mk
4 c) Ways in which the church can help single parents
i. should provide pastoral care/guidance and counseling/preaching to them .
ii Accept them in church/community.
Iii Provide them with material help where necessary/provide opportunity.
Iv Visit them/invite them to visits with them.
V Pray with them/for them.
Vi Involve them in church activities
Vii Encourage them to get married
Viii Invite them to church seminars on family life.
6 x 1=6mks
5 a) Practices in the Early church which are observed in the church in Kenya.
i. Holding prayer/fellowship meeting (meeting together for prayers/for
fellowship.
 ii. Observing a day of worship/having weekly worship services. Iii
Baptism of the new converts to make them full members of the church.
iv. Instruction of new converts in the Bible/Christian doctrines.
V. Celebration of the Lord’s Supper/Eucharist/Holy Communion/Mass. Vi
Visiting /helping the sick /poor /orphans/the needy/widows. vii.
Giving of offertory/tithes for the work of the church.
Viii Meeting to discuss issues/problems/solve problems
Ix Teaching/preaching the Gospel
X Missionary work/evangelism/taking the gospel to those who did not have it
spreading the gospel to new people/areas.
Xi Speaking in tongues/laying of hands to receive the Holy spirit.
Xii singing to/praise God
Xiii Pastoral care/guidance and counseling.
Xiv sharing of resources/sharing what they have with others.
Xv Sending of famine relief to those who have no food as a result of
manmade/natural catastrophes/wars/drought/floods.
Xvi Celebrating Christian events (e.g Easter/ Christmas/Pentecost/Ascension
days) Xvii Healing/ spiritual healing/performing miracles.
xviii. Observing the Law of god/Ten commandments/Decalogue /the traditions of the
church.
Xix reading/ studying of scriptures. 7x2=13mks.
5 b) Reasons why Missionaries condemned traditional African music and
dance.
i. They regarded them as obscene/disgusting (e.g body movements/the songs) ii
They regarded them as evil/ satanic as they did with other aspects of African
culture.
Iii They were regarded heathen /contradicting/ anti-Christian/ pagan practices/
witchcraft.
Iv Regarded them as demonstration of savagely dangerous harmful/barbaric.
v. they assumed that they promoted sexual immorality/were immoral/led to
sexual immorality.
Vi discourage the African Christians from going back to their old ways/practices
Vii To encourage the African Christians from going back to their old
ways/practices.
Viii the missionaries condemned the African dance/music out of ignorance/they
did not understand their/ language /social/religious significance.
Ix The music instruments used by the Africans were primitive according to the
missionaries.
x. the white missionaries were already biased/hated/did not like/that what was
African was culturally inferior/primitive/should be abandoned.
 Xi They wanted to liberate/ the Africans for the primitive culture/ practices so
that they could embrace Christianity/western civilization (and all that it could
offer).
5x =12
6. a) Ways in which Christians make use of since and Technology make use of
science and technology to spread the Gospel.
i. Through the use of electronic media (e.g radio/television/video cassettes/
cinemas to preach/ teach the good news. ii Use public address systems when
preaching to large congregations/during Christian crusades/rallies /conventions.
iii Make use of modern means of communication (automobiles aero plane
/trains) to travel from place to place to preach/teach/ evangelize/to send.
Iv make use of recorded cassettes to preach/ for recording gospel music which
people can listen to.
v. Make use of modern musical instruments (electronic guitars/key boards for
accompaniment in music.
Vi use of telephones/fax/postal service from station to station/country to
country/which is essential in running of churches.
Vii Use typewriters/ computers printing machines has enabled the church to put
messages/teachings in writing so that they can be read by more
people/enabled them to print their literature for wider readership.
Viii Technology in architecture/building technology has enabled churches not only
to put up sanctuaries from where to preach to the people but also to put up
other complexes (e.g. halls, schools/officers) for the work of the church equip
their hospitals/modern methods to treat the six /to carry out the healing
ministry.
ix. Scientific research/innovations in different disciplines has been adopted by
the church and this has contributed to their critically looking at
methods/approaches used in spreading the gospel with the intention of
changing to modern methods/ approaches.
X The use of modern technology in industry agriculture/commerce, has helped
to bring more money in the churches which is essential in spreading the
gospel/for the work of the church.
Xi use of modern equipment for leisure (e.g. games /music drama social
activities/ parties )has helped to enhance the work of the church.
Xii scientific discoveries/explorations have gone a long way to affirm/ attest the
truth of the Gospel (e.g. (Archaeological discoveries).
5x2 = 10mks
6 b) Religious significance of the environment in traditional African
communities.
i The environment was created by God/it is sacred/ to be reversed.
ii Each ethnic group believed that their homeland was given to them by God/it
was a gift from God.
 Iii In some communities, the most important oaths were taken by one taking the
soil as a symbol of land/environment.
Iv African communities set aside certain places as sacred/ to symbolize God’s
presence among them (e.g mountains/ forests/caves/rivers /trees). These
places were also used as places of worship.
v. some communities hat totemic animals/birds/heavenly bodies which were
considered sacred.
Vi The environment demonstrated the relationship between god and the people at
given times e.g drought/flood/epidemics) showed that God was annoyed with
the people/good rains/ a bumper harvest/ green vegetation showed God’s
blessings.
Vii People believed that it was their religious obligation to take care of the
environment.
Viii Used the environment to reveal / understand God’s attributes/his nature
(e.g.
thunder/ lightning/ rain/ clouds/earthquakes/ volacanicity/eclipses/sun
moon/stars.
ix. Rites of passages were connected to the environment/ circumcision blood
flowed to the soil to blind the initiate to the ancestors/ birth –placenta was
buried in the ground/upon death the body was buried in the ground.
x. The Africans believed that the environment was the abode of the spirits/the
living dead / the ancestors.

Christian Religious Education paper 1 313/1 1998

1. The meaning of the expression the Bible is the Word of God’

(i) The Bible was inspired by God
(ii) The authors of the Bible wrote under the influence of the Holy Spirit (iii) The
bible deals with God’s revelation to human beings and their responses. (iv) The
Bible contains the true message of God for daily living (v) God wrote the Ten
Commandments on the stone tablets.
(vi) The Bible is the revealed word of God/God reveals Himself to us through His
activity in the Old Testament and in the Holy Spirit in the Church today.
5x1=5mks
2. Characteristics of God’s covenant with Abraham
(i) It was unconditional (ii) It
had promises to be fulfilled.
(iii) It had an outside sigh /circumcision.
(iv) It was sealed through sacrifice/ritual
(v) It was voluntary / the parties were willing to enter into covenant /mutual
(vi) It was solemn/binding
(vii) It was initiated by God
 5x1=5mks
3. Attributes of God as shown in the Jewish Passover (i) God is merciful
(ii) God is faithful to His promises/covenant
(iii) God is omniscient /all knowing
(iv) God punishes the disobedient/stubborn
(v) God saves /rescue those he loves
(vi) God responds to / answers prayers
(vii) God is worthy of worship
(viii) God is omnipresent /always
5x1 = 5 mks
4. Effects of idolatry to the Israelites
(i) The rejection/ignoring the covenant way of life (corruption and injustice) (ii)
The coming up of prophets who stood firmly for the covenant / prophets who
reminded people of God’s covenant.
(iii) The adoption of the Canaanite worship by many Israelites / syncretism
(temple prostitution. Incorporating Canaanites feasts, building temples and
shrines.
(iv) The suffering of the Israelites in their land through calamities (e.g. drought)
(v) Gods punishment of the Israelites/the exile to Assyria.
(vi) the rise of prophets who spoke of hope / restoration of the remnant.

5. The teachings of Jesus in the parables of the lost sheep and lost coin.
(i) Jesus came to save all from their infirmities/ ailments/sicknesses
(ii) He was the son of God
(iii) Healed people who had faith in Him
(iv) He healed through command
(v) Christians should be grateful to God for the blessings he bestows upon them
(vi) Christian should forgive one another
(vii) Christian should go out and seek for sinners. 5x1=5mks

6. Lessons learnt from the healing of Bartimaeus the blind beggar (i) Jesus
came to save all from their infirmities/ailments/sicknesses (ii) He was the
son of God.
(iii) He healed people who had faith in Him
(iv) He healed through command
(v) Christians should be grateful to god for the blessings he bestows upon them. (vi)
Christians should always seek God
(vii) Christians should not stop those who seek God/be a stumbling block to those
who seek God.
 5 x 1= 5mks
7. The teaching about Jesus from the cure of paralytic.
(i) Jesus was a teacher
(ii) He had power of the Lord to heal
(iii) People had faith in him
(iv) He was able to forgives sins
(v) He was accused of blasphemy by the Jewish religious leaders.
(vi) He had authority over sins and sickness.
(vii) Jesus was sought by crowds who wanted to be healed.
(ix) He had ability to read/ know people’s thoughts
(x) He healed by word of mouth
(xi) He was praised by people for his mighty deeds.
5x1 = 5mks
8. The events that took place following Jesus’ death
(i) There was darkness from twelve non to three o’clock
(ii) the curtain of the temple was torn into two
(iii) Jesus cried out with a loud voice ‘father into Thy hands I commit my spirit’
(iv) Jesus’ body was laid by Joseph of Arimathea in a new tomb
(v) The army officer who was present was a good man/ innocent/ son of god
(vi) Those who had followed Jesus went away in great sorrow
(vii) There was an earthquake / rocks split/ tombs opened /the dead resurrected
(viii) Jesus’ body was removed from the cross
(ix) One of the soldier s divided Jesus garments and casted lost on his tunic
(x) The soldiers divided Jesus garment sand casted lot on his tunic
(xi) Jesus handed over his mother to the beloved disciple, who took her to his home.
5 x 1=5mks
9. The qualities of an apostle in the early Church
(i) He was called/appointed by God
(ii) He was to be prepared to persevere/ suffer for Christ.
(iii) Be ready to forgive those who persecute/no retaliation
(iv) He was to humble /avoid pride
(v) strive to win converts for the Lord
(vi) Be loyal /teach Christian principles/ doctrines
(vii) Commit one’s life to the course and work of Christ
(viii) Depend on God for provision and wisdom
(ix) Rely on the Holy Spirit for interpretation/ revelation/inspiration.
5 x1=5mks
10. Activities a modern Christian can perform in order to be considered a true
follower of Christ
i. Take a vocation/ do work whose benefits are minimal –even when there
is a better alternative. ii. Spreading the gospel in remote places/under
difficult circumstances/ persevering persecution.
iii. Witnessing through work (e.g. teaching, medical, social work) iv.
Guiding and counseling people in understanding God’s message/interpreting
God’s blessings/guidance.
v. Setting good example / role models
vi. Praying for God’s blessing/guidance
vii. Helping the needy/by providing (food, shelter, clothes) viii.
Helping the needy/by providing (food, shelter, clothes) ix. Keeping to the
teachings of Jesus Christ.
5 x1 =5mks.
11. Factors that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today.
i. The worship of god / a supreme
being. ii. Belief in common ancestry/
origin
iii. Sharing of material thins with the less endowed/ giving moral support in
times-of need.
iv. Adopting positive attitude towards work/communal work
v. Citizens have an obligation to obey the laws /rules of the country. vi.
Developing and practicing acceptable leisure activities.
vii. Conservation natural resources/land / environment /water/minerals
viii. Promotion of a common language for easy/effective communication.
ix. Respecting other people’s cultures.
x. Shunning practices that are incompatible with Christian values xi.
Sharing respect for leaders/elders.
5x1=5mks.

12. The importance of initiation rites in Africa Traditional communities

i. Promote the youth into adulthood
ii. Provided a learning forum for the youth to know the societies idea/ ideals.
iii. Used as a method of preserving between the initiaties and the sponsor/age
sets.
iv. Used as a method of preserving between the society’s cultural heritage.
v. Enhanced a bond friendship/unity among the initiates
vi. It made one a full member of the community / created a sense of belonging
vii. One had the right to own property/ marry
viii. Created a strong relationship between the initiates and sponsors/age sets.
13. Ways Christian spread the gospel of Jesus today.
i. Use of mass media/radio/television
ii. Missionary activities such as crusades/rallies seminars/evangelism
iii. Preaching in churches/schools/colleges
iv. Administering sacraments in the church as baptism/marriage
v. Giving tithe/ offerings/sponsoring preachers
vi. Living exemplary lives/Being role models/living according to Christian
virtues/charitable deeds- e.g. visiting prison, hospitals. Etc.

14. Why marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant.

i. Should be permanent /breaking of the marriage had serious consequences
ii. Its binding/the couple/family /clans all who were separate before
iii. Ceremonies are conducted where the concerned couple/family/clan take vows
promising loyalty to each other.
iv. Exchange of gifts/as a sing of lasting relationship/ cement the relationship
v. Certain conditions have to be fulfilled such as payment of dowry/bearing of
children
vi. Gods/spirit are evoked to bless and protect the marriage/prayers are offered
to
God vii. There are witnesses i.e.
families/friends
viii. There is sharing of a meal/ceremony to express unity/friendship

15. Five responsibilities of priests in traditional African communities

i. They offered sacrifices on behalf of the communities
ii. Acted as mediators between God and the people
iii. Offered prayers during religious ceremonies such as
birth/initiation/marriage/death/war
iv. Performed rituals of cleansing/healing
v. Reconciled warring parties/peace makers
vi. Were part of decision making body especially during calamities such as
war/epidemics/drought
vii. Foretold the future/warned people of impending danger/calamities.

16. Reasons why taboos were important in traditional African communities

i. Guided people on moral behavior/discipline
ii. Outlined social relationships/kinship ties
iii. Faster respect for elders/leaders iv. Maintenance of respect for God
v. Help in maintenance of dignity/integrity.
 vi. Guided on acceptable eating habits/discourages vices such as gluttonness,
greediness etc
vii. Create harmony/maintain law and order/promoted peace in society.
17. Why a Christian should not resort to strike action as a way of presenting
grievances.
i. Shows disobedience to lawful institutional authority which is against biblical
teachings.
ii. Leads to waste of time and resources
iii. Disrupts peaceful working atmosphere
iv. Could lead to destruction of property
v. May lead to loss of life which against God’s commandments
vi. May lead to sacking/unemployment/suffering of the individuals and their
dependants
vii. Leads to bitterness/hatred/frustrations/revenge.

18. Why taking of alcohol as a way spending leisure is condemned

i. Lead to conflicts/squirrels within the family
ii. Misuse of family resources/wealth
iii. May lead to alcoholism/addiction iv. Leads to irresponsible sexual
behaviours such as prostitution/adultery/fornication
v. Could lead loss of means of livelihood/loss of income
vi. May lead to irresponsibility which return will lead to
divorce/separation/crimes etc
vii. May lead to irresponsibility which return will lead to
divorce/separation/crimes etc
viii. Leads to accidents such motor accidents.

19. Five reasons which motivate Christians to take vows in marriage

(i) If the preacher glorifies himself more than God
(ii) If the preacher is imposter
(iii) If the preacher enriches himself in the expenses of the congregation
(iv) If the preacher is an imposer
(v) If the preacher tries to force truth into their lives
(vi) The preacher’s message (sermon) may contradict their beliefs
(vii) If the preacher is not sensitive to their needs
THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/2 1998 MARKING SCHEME
1.a) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God before the Babylonian exile
 i. Through animal sacrifices
ii. Through offerings
iii. By observing religious ritual (e.g. presentation/circumcision)
iv. By keeping the Sabbath Day.
v. By keeping/observing the Ten commandments
vi. Through prayer/song/dance
vii. By Commemorating God’s saving deeds/ religious festivals/ feasts.
viii. By regarding God as their king / ruler /by obeying the earthly kings who
were regarded as special representatives of God.
ix. By building places of worship where they prayed to God/ listened to his
teachings.
x. By following the teachings of the prophets.
xi. Honouring the temples as a sacred place where the ark of the covenant was
kept xii. By respecting the Leviticus priest.
5x2=10mks.

b) Why worship was condemned in the Old Testament

i. People became concerned with the external practices/observances /their
hearts far from God/hypocrisy.
ii. People broke the Ten Commandments/disobeyed God’s commands.
iii. Religion became too commercialized/money could be used to buy favous
from God./hypocrisy.
iv. People forgot the saving works of God/worshiped foreign gods (e.g. Baal,
Sherah /Idols)
v. The poor were hated/despised/considered outcasts.
vi. The widows/orphans were neglected.
vii. People believed in false prophets prophecies.
viii. People practiced syncretism.

c) Why children should be introduced to the worship of God

i. To create in them an awareness of God/ creation of the universe/man
ii. To learn the true teachings of their church.
iii. To familiarize themselves with the religious practices of their
church/sacramental life of the church. iv. To learn to trust/obey God
give themselves to God.
v. To learn the prayers /songs of worship.
vi. To enable them become members of the church
vii. To initiate the example of Christ.
viii. To give them a sense of belonging to the Christian community.
5x1= 5mks.
2 a) Areas of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish religious leaders.
(i) The Sabbath- The law said no work should be done on the Sabbath day BUT,
Jesus healed on the Sabbath healed on the Sabbath declaring that he is the of
the Sabbath (saving human life is more important than keeping the laws of the
Sabbath).
(ii) The divinity of Jesus- Jesus claimed to be equal to God (The father and I are
one” )/ He had the power to forgive sins. But the Pharisees reasoned that a
holy person associate with sinners/outcasts- The Pharisees reasoned that a holy
person associate with sinners who are outcasts.
(iii) Jesus association with sinners/outcasts-The Pharisees reasoned that a holy
person associate with sinners who are outcasts.
(iv) Jesus teachings- Jesus directly condemned the religious practices of the
Pharisees/He called them blind leaders/hypocrites/white washed tombs, But
this abuse ultimately brought hatred for Jesus (He spoke of destroying the
temple and rebuilding it in three days)/ any other relevant teaching.
(v) Jesus claim to be a Mesiah – The Pharisees expected a political conquering
messiah. But Jesus stated that he was humble serving Messiah/ His concern
was for the spiritual kingdom (as a result the Pharisees were confused and
could not read and interpret the signs of the time).
(vi) The popularity of Jesus brought him into conflict with Jewish religious leaders
who were afraid of losing their own authority.
(vii) Jesus failure to observe the traditions of elders (e.g fasting /not washing hand
before meals).
(viii) Jesus style of doing things e.g cleansing the temple/ teaching with authority
brought him into conflict with Jewish religious leaders.
Note: THE CONFLICT HAS TO BE SHOWN
6 X2= 12MKS

(b) Causes of Conflicts between the young and the old

i. Church leadership – The young want to have say in church affairs/decision
making
ii. Church worship- the young may consider some forms of worship dull/out of
date/they may want to introduce new forms of worship e.g dance.
iii. Religious beliefs- some are considered outdated.
iv. Church teachings- Failure of the young people to observe certain church teaching
(e.g sex before marriage/love of the church leaders may be pretenders- therefore
the youth lack role models.
v. Hypocrisy – some of the church leaders may be too autocratic/intolerant to the
opinions of the young. vi. Lack of democracy – the church leaders may be too
autocratic/intolerant to the opinions of the young.
vii. Permissiveness in society/loss of Christian values
viii. Family conflicts leading to loss of respect/confidence. ix.
Loss of faith in God’s workshop/loss of patience.
 x. Manner of dress-Some churches don’t accept modern fashions.
4 x2 =8mks
(c) Ways of resolving misunderstandings
(i) Through prayers to bring about proper understanding .
(ii) By committing the children to God’s will/surrender them to God.
(iii) By advising them/ Providing guidance and counseling.
(iv) seeking help from church leaders/ priests/pastors.
(v) By listening to their views/making fair/Frank judgements.
(vi) By bing open to hem/present them with the correct picture of the situation.
(vii) By setting a good example to them/being role models.
(5 x 1 =5 mks)
3. (a) Paul’s teaching on responsibility for others according to Galatians
6:1-10
(i) Correcting wrong doers gently.
(ii) Sharing one another’s problems/burdens.
(iii) Avoiding boastful behaviour that may discourage other in faith/self
righteousness.
(iv) Taking care that one does not fall into temptation lest one becomes a
stumbling block to the brethren.
(v) Everyone will be responsible for his/her spiritual life/problems
(vi) There should be fellowship between the teacher and the learner.
(vii) Whoever sows evel will be punished/whoever sows good will be rewarded.
(ix) Be honest to God for He is not mocked.

(b) Difficulties to harmonious living in Christian families today.

i. Unfaithfulness/promiscuity
ii. Misuse of family resources/lack of resources.
iii. Lack of communication. iv. Child-abuse (e.g.
beating/raping/incest/favoritism).
v. Alcoholism/drug abuse.
vi. Separation of family members (e.g. due to wage/labour/education)
vii. Denial of conjugal rights.
viii. Sickness (e.g. AIDS/ cancer/impotence /barrens ) ix. Child delinquency
(x) Lack of tolerance/forgiveness/cruelty.
(xi) Greed for wealth/self esteem/prestige/professionalism.
(xii) Religious fanaticism/denominational difference. xiii.
Traditional/cultural inhibitions/influence. xiv. Peer group influence/pressure
western influence/permissiveness.
xv. Generation gap
(c) Ways in which the church strengthens family relationship today.
i. Through guidance and counseling /mediation.
ii. Hold seminars/conferences/etc for couples/children/the youth.
iii. Through publications on Christian living (e.g. magazines/books/ pamphlets).
iv. Use of mass –media (radio/videos/television).
v. Through preaching/teaching /condemning vices
vi. Through offering pastoral care in homes/house visits.
vii. Giving financial support to the needy families
viii. Praying for the families. ix. Offering employment to the jobless.
x. Providing vocational training /skills.
7x1 =7mks.

4. a) How wealth acquired in African Traditional Societies.

i. Bride price was given as a token of appreciation to the girl’s
parents. ii. Trough barter trade (exchange of commodities/ goods).
iii. Through inheritance of property from parents /guardians/relatives
iv. Gifts were given in appreciation of talents/goods conduct/loyalty.
v. Through warfare/raids
vi. Through marrying many wives/getting many children who provided labour
force.
vii. Through use of skills like tool making/weaving /pottery/ welding (they were
able to produce goods for exchange).
viii. Those with talents like medicine men/dividers/rainmakers sold there
services.
ix. Those who worked hard (e.g through clearing forest/breading of verging
land enriched themselves.

b) Ways through which money economy has undermined the principles of

Christian living.
i. There is the use of corruption/bribery/giving false witness/other immoral
practices.
ii. People are discriminated against because of poverty
iii. There is power struggle to acquire wealth/riches to protect it.
iv. Wage labour has undermined the family unit
v. People sell family land and end up living as squatters/labourers on the very
land.
vi. There is the rise of individualism/unwillingness to share.
vii. Dependence on foreign aid/donations/has undermined the virtue of hard
work to earn a living..
viii. Development of class system in Africa.
ix. There is rural-urban migration leading to weakness in the family unit
 x. Bride price/ marriage has been commercialized thus undermining
love/equality in the home.
xi. Struggle to acquire wealth has undermined commitment to God/worship of
God.
c) Proper use of wealth
i. Through financing the spread of the Gospel.
ii. Contributions towards the construction of hospitals/schools/churches/homes
for the old/destitute/disabled/rehabilitation centers.
iii. Provision of formal education iv. Provision of professional training.
v. Provision of technical training
vi. Giving famine relief (e.g. to the drought stricken areas etc)
vii. Provision of social services/amenities to the needy.
viii. Giving arms to the poor /sharing /helping others/needy.
ix. Giving tithes/offerings
x. Providing for the family needs.
8x 1=8mks.

5. (a) Effects of Christianity on Traditional African communities in Kenya by 1914

i. It encouraged monogamy therefore many women remained unmarried.
ii. It led to the disintegration of communal life of the Africans/encouraged
individualism
iii. The role of African specialists/leaders/medicine men/prophets/midwives/elders
declined.
iv. Africans lost land to missionaries for mission stations.
v. It led to the discouragement of African Religious practices/beliefs.
vi. The life span was lengthened due to the introduction of healthy services.
vii. It led to the introduction of vocational education which gave Africans literate
/acquire white collar jobs.
viii. It led to the introduction of vocational education which gave Africans skills (e.g.
agricultural skills).
ix. Some Africans were made to despise some practices which were considered
harmful (e.g. female circumcision/tattooing /killing of twins).
x. African started accepting the idea of universal God/converted to Christianity.
xi. Africans were enlightened about their rights
(EFFECTS TO COME OUT CLEARLY)
8 X 2 =16 MKS.

(b) Government’s contribution towards the evangelization process

i. The Kenya constitution guarantees freedom of worship.
 ii. The government provides a peaceful environment by maintaining law and order
iii. Provision of infrastructure for ease of accessibility.
iv. Allowing Christian Religious Education t be included in the curriculum
v. Training/offering employment to Christian Religious Education teachers.
vi. Helping in the construction of churches/Christian run schools/hospitals
seminars/conferences/ worship.
vii. The government allows her institutions to be used as venues for seminars
/conferences/worship.
viii. Allowing churches to be sponsors/control their sponsored institutions. ix. The
government sets aside land for church construction.
x. Allowing the use of mass media (e.g. radio/television/magazines/pamphlets) to
popularize church activities/evangelization.
xi. The government allows evangelists from other countries to come and preach/win
converts for Christ/allowing Kenyans to go to foreign countries for theological
training.
xii. Christian holidays are incorporated in the national calendar (e.g Easter/Chrismas)
xiii. The government officials are invited to attend opening/closing of Christian
functions as a way of boosting their morale.
xiv. Christian leaders are invited to pray in official functions/national anthem
proceeds official openings.

6 a) The cost of discipleship among the early Christians in Africa.

i. Be ready to cut off family ties
ii. Denouncing of previous faith/beliefs.
iii. Supporting one another in all situations/circumstances.
iv. Shunning away from material wealth.
v. Accepting Jesus under any circumstances
vi. Ready to suffer/die for Jesus sake.
vii. Being firm in faith
viii. No fear of earthly authority.
ix. Should not fight back when provoked.
x. To co-exist with others regardless of status /education.
xi. Being –joyous when persecuted. xii. Encouraging new converts in the faith not to
fear for persecution. xiii. Loving one another.

9 x 1 =9mks
(b) Why some Christians are opposed to women leadership in the Church today.
i. The woman was the first to fall into sin in the story of Adam and Eve
ii. According to Old Testament teachings, the woman was considered ritually
unclean during her monthly flow.
 iii. Due to African/Jewish cultural influence where women were considered lesser
beings.
iv. Due to the misinterpretation of the second account of the creation story where a
woman was created after man an therefore belie fed to the inferior/subordinate
to man/misinterpretation of the Bible.
v. God is referred to as a He (man) and therefore men are held closer to Him in
comparison to women.
vi. Inability of women to carryout duties continuously due to interruption (e.g.
pregnancy/ child birth/marital obligations.)
vii. Inability o women to work under strenuous conditions/circumstances.
viii. Basing on St. Paul’s teaching where he says tat women should be silent in
church
(1 Corinthians 14: 34-36) ix. The argument is based on the choosing of the
twelve apostles by Jesus Christ who were all men.
x. Basing on Pauline teaching about the appointment of the bishops/deacons in the
early church.
(c) Ways through which women leadership is promoted in the church today
i. Providing education for women/sanitizing women on their rights.
ii. Training women on various church ministries.
iii. In some churches, women are ordained as pastors/reverends/elders.
iv. Involving them in teaching/preaching the gospel.
v. Women are appointed as leaders in church organizations/activities (e.g. Mothers
union/giving sacraments/women ‘s guild/community fellowships).
vi. They take leadership roles in the Guidance and Counseling of the youth/church
members.
vii. The church allows women to initiate manage self help projects for the needy (e.g
health/famine relief).
viii. They are made in charge of the community based programmes (e.g. health
/famine relief).
(ix) Training women in management skills/key positions/policy makers in the society.
6x 1 =6mks.
 Christian Religious Education Paper 313/1 1999

1. Lessons that Christians learn from the call of Moses

God commissions/appoints people to perform certain tasks/chooses or works
through people of his choice.
God does not give people impossible tasks
God is beyond human understanding/transcendent
God responds to the cry of his people when they call upon Him
God is almighty/all powerful/Omnipresent and Omniscience/all knowing/Holy/
Pure
God punishes the enemies of his people. (5mks)
2. Activities of King Jeroboam that made Israelites in the Northern Kingdom turn
away from God.
Made images/golden calf’s /idols to represent Yahweh
Made Dan and Bethel as centre of worship
Stopped the Israelites from going to worship in Jerusalem which was against the law.
He build other places of idol worship/high places/hilltops/shrines He chooses priests
who did not belong to the family of Levi.
He instituted religious festivals unlike those found in Judah
He himself worshipped idols. (5mks)
3. Failures prophet Micah condemned Israel’s leaders for
False prophets who prophesied peace when god judgment was near/impending
judgment
Murder of the people/elimination of opponents through murder
Judges were corrupt/received bribes/injustice
Priests served people for money/pay
Oppression of the poor by those in power
Unjust rule/exploitation/stealing/lust for money. (5mks)
4. Responses to God’s call Jeremiah 4:4-19 He was hesitant/immature due to age
(young)
He was not ready
Did not know how to speak
He had dialogue with God/talked to God
He saw two visions that changed his attitude towards God’s mission for Him
He accepted to be sent. (5mks)
5. Jewish ceremonies that Jesus was involved in
Circumcision
Naming
Baptism.
Presentation in the temple/ dedication/purification/redeemed.
 Visit to the temple in Jerusalem during the Passover at the age of twelve.
Celebrated the Passover with the twelve disciples/ last supper
He participated in the feast of the Tabernacles (John 7:1 -10)

5x1=5mks
6. Reasons why Jesus was rejected in Nazareth
He annoyed the people by telling them that their forefathers rejected God’s prophets.
He failed to perform the kind of miracles that he had performed in Capernaum.
He told the people that prophets are ignored in their own country.
He declared that he had come to fulfill Isaiah’s prophecy concerning the Messiah. He
was the son of Joseph
He healed on the Sabbath.
5* 1 = 5mks.
7. Lessons Christians learn from the reply to the Sadducees question on the
resurrection.
In life after death there is no marriage/no husband-wife relationship They
should live with a hope for a better future.
God is the god of the living
Through resurrection Christians become sons of god After
resurrection there is no death/immortality.
The righteous will recurrent and live eternally.
At resurrection Christians are like angles.
5x1=5mks.
8. Teachings of Jesus from beatitudes
The poor in spirit shall inherit the kingdom of God.
They should live with a hope for a better future.
God is the God of the living
Through resurrection there is no death/immorality.
The righteous will resurrect and live eternally.
At resurrection Christians are like angles
5x1=5mks
9. Five teaching of Jesus on the cost of discipleship Take up the cross and follow
Jesus. /Be ready to suffer. Be ready to die for the sake of the kingdom Should not be
ashamed of Jesus.
Follow him without expecting material gains.
Let the dead bury their dead/be ready to proclaim the kingdom.
Should not look back/nobody who takes the plough and looks back is fit for the
kingdom.
Separate yourself from even family members/be fully committed.
10. Five lessons a Christian can learn from Ananias and sapphire in Acts of the
Apostles.
Honesty should be observed /faithfulness is important Acts 5: 1-11)
Lying should be avoided
Christians should be willing to share their property with others/should not be
selfish/greedy
Christians should resist temptation.
Sin can results to death/suffering . / God will not compromise with evil
Sins bring fear
Christians should not be influenced by others to commit sin/evil
Christians should not test God /Holy
spirit /God sees everything
Christians should speak against evil.
5x1= 5mks
11. Occasions when prayers were offered in traditional African communities.
Breaking a new ground
Planting seasons
In times of crisis such as drought/epidermic/persistent diseases.
Rites of passage e.g naming /birth.
When preparing warriors for war.
When breaking a curse.
After abundant harvest. / in thanksgiving.
At day-break and sunset. Before
setting off on a journey
Installation of leaders.
5x1= 5mks.
12. Rituals marking the birth of a child in traditional African communities.
There was dancing /singing for the new life.
The new born was praised/ blessed. There was
feasting and celebrations The father received
praises.
There were ululations whose numbers was determined by the sex of the child.
Children were given names.
The mother’s hair was shave./ cleansing of the mother.
The mother and baby were kept in seclusion.
Protective were given to the child/mother
5x1=5mks
13 Ways in which the Africans sought reconciliation with God.
Through prayers
Through invoking the name of God Pouring
libations to the ancestors.
 Offering sacrifices
Singing /dancing to God
Visiting the sacred places
Helping the less fortunate in the community Giving
offerings /gifts.
Reciting/chanting the names of the ancestors.
Approaching God through the mediators e.g. diviners Cleansing
wrongdoers/abstaining from various practices. 5x1=5mks.
14. Factors that have affected traditional African Education System
Introduction of modern technology
Introduction of western education/schools The
coming of Christian missionaries.
The establishment of a colonial rule/ new systems of government.
Growth of urban centres/urbanization.
Rural –urban migration.
Rural-rural migration.
Western culture/westernization.
Money culture/economy.
5x 1=5mks 15. How
the gifts of the holy spirit have been abused in the church today. Cheating that
one has a certain gift of the holy spirit /pretence.
Commercialization of the gifts/people are asked to pay money before being prayed for
/healed.
False interpretation of the bible/prophesy/predicting the future.
Unscrupulous Christians may impart demoniac powers on innocent faithful.
Some Christians who possess the gifts of the Holy Spirit develop pride/superiority
complex.
Wrong use of the gifts of the Holy spirit where faithful get into eccsy/trance which may
lead t injuries.
Distinguishing oneself as a person with a special call/preacher with an intention of
exploiting others
5x1= 5mks
16. The use of print media in spreading the gospel Reading
the bible /Christians literature/studying.
Teaching using C.R.E textbooks.
Selling magazines with Christian messages
Advertising Christian issues in newspapers/printing Christian newspapers.
Distributing Christian pamphlets /newsletters/giving the printed material free.
Illustrating Christian messages using the Bible Atlas
Use of encyclopedia to explain /interpret Christian terminologies/ bible dictionary.
Displaying posters with Christian messages.
 Imprinting Christian messages on various objects/items/clothes
Translating print media into local languages to reach most people
5x5 =5mks
17 Ways Christians demonstrate obedience to Jesus’ command to love one’s neighbour
Praying of one another
Being role models/living exemplary life/witness good virtues.
Fellowships with one another by forgiving one another.
Helping one another in various duties
Sharing items with one another
Consoling the needy/guiding and counseling those in problems
Avoid hurting others either physically or emotionally. (5mks)
18. Problems resulted from freedom of worship in Kenya today Rise of state church
conflicts
Many churches have sprung up whose main aim is material gain
Leading to confusion due to different interpretations of the scripture/some Christians
many five up their faith completely due to confusion.
Misuse of resources due to duplication of churches activities.
Open conflict between leaders and the public due to different modes of worship Has
led to mergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
(5mks)
19. Ways which forced reduction of employees affect the Christian family in Kenya
today.
May lead/ give room to temptations/immorality
May lead to separation of families/disrupt the family unit
May lead to poverty overstretching of family resources
May lead to ill health/depression/ stress/death May lead
to change of family roles.
If one is paid any dues, if well invested may lead to prosperity
May lead to pride due to the large sum of money acquired May
lead to irresponsibility/ negligence of duty.
20. Why Christians should obey the laws of their country
In order to maintain peace/harmony
To as to imitate Jesus Christ emulate Jesus
To promote justice in society
To be role models/live exemplary lives Avoid
punishment/avoid crimes
Its Christians duty to respect the authority.
 KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION 313/2 CHRISTIAN
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
MARKINGS SCHEME/1999
1. a) Ways in which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God
i. By abandoning the idol worship (moon god) to serve Yahweh the true God
ii. By accepting to leave Haran to unknown land
iii. By building alters at Bethel/Shechen in honour God iv. By accepting
circumcision as a sign of the covenant (He got circumcised/his servants were
circumcised/so was his son.
v. By sacrificising the animals in the covenant making
vi. By accepting to change their names (Abram to Abraham as the father of the
great nation, Sarai Sarah as the mother of the great nations.
vii. By agreeing to sacrifice his son Isaac. viii. By worshiping god he
prayed/sacrificed to god/interceded.
ix. By believing in the fulfillment of God’s promises
x. By making a covenant with God. 6x1=6mks

b) Ways in which the disciples of Jesus demonstrated their faith in Jesus.

i. They accepted Jesus as their teacher/Rabbi/ Messiah/son of God /Christ
ii. They accompanied Jesus /Went with Him from place of place/Left every
thing and followed Him
iii. They accepted (The mission of the twelve/ seventy two/miracles of the
disciples.
iv. They accepted miracles of Jesus.
v. They accepted miracles of Jesus.
vi. Peter walked on water
vii. Invited Jesus to their home (peter/Levi)
viii. Two of his disciples accepted/believe in Jesuss teachings
ix. Two of his disciples brought a donkey for His triumphant entry into
Jerusalem
x. Peter confessed that Jesus/Peter struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter
struck off the ear of one of soldiers/Peter was ready to die.
xi. The disciples were ready to defend Jesus/ Peter struck off the ear of one of
soldiers/Peter was ready to die.
xii. The disciples accepted/believe in Jesus teachings
xiii. John took care of Jesus’ mother after His death xiv. They were
happy/believed when He resurrected
xv. They waited in Jerusalem for the Holy Spirit as promised by Jesus..

(c) Reasons to why Christians should trust in god in their daily lives.
(i) God is the creator/gives life
 (ii) He is all powerful/Almighty /Omnipotent
(iii) God is Omnipresent/ He is everywhere
(iv) God is Omniscient/ All knowing
(v) He is faithful/He keeps promises/Not forsake/Trust
(vi) He is faithful/He keeps promises/Not forsake/Trustworthy
(vii) He is a judge
(viii) God is the King/Lord/ruler
(ix) He is true god/Only one to be worship (x) He is true God/Only one to
be worshipped. xi) He loves
xii) God is just/punishes sin/rewards good xv)
He is protector/overcomes temptation/not afraid
xvi) He is the controller of the universe 7x1 = 7mks
2a) How King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life
i. He married Canaanite wives/foreign wives.
ii. He disobeyed God’s command of not worshipping the Canaanite gods.
iii. He did not observe the brotherhood law (When he taxed the Israelites
heavily for the upkeep of the foreign wives.
iv. He disregard the advice of god’s prophets when he built worship places for
false gods.
v. By signing trade and marriage agreements with his neigbours, hence relying
on human beings other than God/ selling of the cities.
vi. He disobeyed the instructions from his father, David that he should relay on
God only.
vii. He subjected the Israelites to forced labour/oppression/slavery in the
construction of the temple/the place.
viii. He murdered his half brother (adonija) who he thought would be his rival in
power.
6x1=6mks.
b) How the Israelites were encouraged to live in hope during the Babylonian exile
i. Jeremiah taught that the Israelites would be restored
ii. When they came back from exile, they would prosper
iii. They would have fair/just rules
iv. They would live in peace
v. God would increase their number by them having many children/encouraged
to marry/get children.
vi. They would worship Him alone/They would be His people / He would be
their God.
vii. They would live forever in the land God would give them
viii. God would give them a king from David’s lineage who would rule wisely.
ix. The exile suffering would no last for ever/god had good plans for
them/exiles is God’s plan.
 x. People would cry to God/he would answer their prayers
xi. The Law will be written in their hearts
xii. They will know God individually
xiii. Their sins will be forgiven xiv. Individuals will be responsible for their own
sins
xv. Jeremiah encouraged them to build houses/plants gardens so as to prosper.
xvi. Jeremiah’s purchase of land spelt for the future
5x2=10mks.
(c) Activities that the church engage in to demonstrate love for others

i. Pastoral care/counseling (visits- in general terms.

ii. Giving offering/tithes
iii. Worshipping together/fellowships
iv. Praying for one another/faith healing
v. Preaching/evangelizing
vi. By baptizing/confirming converts/other sacraments
vii. Giving education/training so as to improve living standards
viii. Condemnation of evil ix. Opening of money generating projects to
assist those in need/offering employment.
x. Involvement in Harambee projects
xi. Providing affordable medical care
xii. Homes for destitute/orphaned children /aged
xiii. Provide water for digging boreholes/in the arid semi arid areas
xiv. Relief food /clothes/sharing resources/arms/ work of charity / helping the
needy
xv. Visiting the sick in hospitals/homes
3 a) Examples from the life the life Ministry of Jesus which show how he tried to
promote social equality.
i. Though Jesus was God/divine son of God, he was born of ordinary peasant
parents(Mary and Joseph)
ii. Jesus was born in a stable/manger.
iii. Jesus’ birth was first revealed to shepherds (who were ordinary people)/ not
fist revealed to the priests in the temple/he was visited by the shepherds.
iv. Lived ordinary life of a Jewish child (by undergoing the Jewish rites of
passage/assisting his parents).
v. Though he was not a sinner, he was baptized by John the Baptist like all who
sought repentance of sin.
vi. He selected His disciples from low/high states e.g son of Zebedee- James and
John who were of high status and all other were of high status and all other
were of low status.
vii. He preached he message to all – Jews /gentiles/ Poor/ Rich etc
 viii. He called everybody to repentance/forgave all Hews/gentiles/poor/rich /etc
ix. He healed all Jews/ gentiles/great/might low
x. He mixed with all- rich/poor/famous/ordinary people/criminals/children etc
xi. He reinstated the status of a woman as a helper not as subordinate to a man –
any other relevant example
xii. In his parables, he used daily experiences from different life situations to
address the audience-any parapable of Jesus
xiii. He was falsely accused like some people who suffer unjustly/crucified with
other criminals.
xiv. He died like everybody else
xv. He condemned evil doers irrespective of status /oppression
6 x2= 12mks
(b) How the disciples reacted to the use of parables in his teachings

i. They were surprised/amazed at the meaning/did not understand/reasons for

the use parables.
ii. They failed to understand the message of some of the parables
iii. They felt privileged iv. They understood some parables clearly (especially
about religious practices fo the Pharisees/pries.
v. They marveled at Jesus ability to teach using parables/his
wisdom vi. They marveled at Jesus ability to teach using parables/his
wisdom
vii. They enjoyed listening Jesus parables
viii. They felt challenged by Jesus’
parables
5x1=5mks
4 a) Activities which demonstrate that Jesus is a worker

i. Preaching /teaching in synagogues/allover the country/ministering

ii. Healing the sick/healing the blind man/any other miracles of healing
iii. Raising the dead of life-The raising of Jairus daughter (any other miracles of
raising).
iv. Praying /prayed to God the father
v. Feeding in the people e.g. He fed the five thousands/wedding in Cana.
vi. Being a carpenter/he assisted his father
vii. Identify with workers by drawing examples of parables/allegories from the
world of work-parable of the sower /any other relevant example
viii. Washing the disciples feet during the last supper ix. Calming the storm (any
other nature miracles e.g walking on water/cursing the fig tree.
x. Fishing /Jesus wet fishing with his disciples (John 21:5-6)
xi. Judging cases-the woman caught in adultery (John 8) forgiving sins of
paralytic
 xii. Training instructor-He trained the disciples on how to carry out their
work/the mission of the seventy two (72)
xiii. Leadership-appointment/commissioning of the disciples/apostles looking for
disciples 7x2=14mks.

(b) Reasons why people work in traditional African communities

i. To meet/satisfy their basic needs (food/clothing/shelter/any other example.
ii. Divinely ordained to get blessings from God/the
ancestors/religious/role/duty tradition
iii. For community welfare (people work of the good of other/the
family/extended family community.
iv. For socialization (People work together/sing together/ eat
together/communally/in unity/as they work.
v. As a duty everybody must work
vi. To demonstrate special skills (as artisans/porters/rain makers/black smith etc
vii. To raise one’s status / positions (the harder the works the more the wealth
Prestige. 5x1=5mks

(c) Factors a Christian should consider when choosing a career

i. Ability- academic/physical/ a person should have the knowledge skills/capability
and strength to perform the tasks involved.
ii. Inclination attitude-should have a positive attitude towards the career
iii. Call- One should have the desire to serve god/community through the task/glory
to God.
iv. Talent-One should consider their inborn/natural abilities
v. Enjoyable-convenience-One has to choose a profession that one would to serve is
not boring.
vi. Remuneration-It should meet ones basic needs in life/job opportunity relevant job
vii. A career that would help one to promote virtues in society. viii. The
individuals should be able to observe the professional code/honesty/punctuality
etc.
ix. The career should provide opportunities for one to develop to maturity provide job
security. 6x1=6Marks

5 a) Teaching of the New Testament about Children

i. Parents are to take care of their

children/love/value/treasure them.
ii. Children are innocent/ blameless. iii.
Children are humble /humility iv. Parents
are to teach their children about God.
 v. Children are to obey their parents in the home.
vi. They are to help their parents in the home. vii.
They are to help their parents in the home.
viii. Parents should discipline their children.
ix. Children should respect their parents/honour.
x. Children should be able to enjoy their rights (life/basic requirements/condemn
abortion/do not kill
xi. Children should be brought up in a family. 9x1=9mks

b) Ways in which traditional African Communities show respect for the unborn
child

i. The expectant mother is given charms to wear to protect he the unborn child from
harm.
ii. The expectant mother is exempted from heavy work
iii. The expectant mother observes certain taboos/avoiding certain foods people/places
regulations.
iv. The expectant mother is given special food
v. The expectant mother is checked occasionally/advised by traditional midwives
vi. prayers/sacrifices/Libations are given for protection/consultation of medicine
men/priest etc
vii. Conjugal rights/sexual intercourse is not allowed during pregnancy.
viii. Herbs/medicines is administered to the expectant mother.
ix. there should be no harmful implements in the house/compound where the expectant
mothers lives
x. Expectant mother should not treated cruelly.
6x1= 6mks
c) Ways in which a child learns to be part of the community
i. The are taught the basic rules/customs.
ii. They are told about the history of the family/clan/community
iii. They are exposed to songs /dances.
iv. By listening to stories/myths/tales/riddles/proverbs/from elders
v. Playing their roles in society/hunting/collecting fire wood/practically. 5 x 2 =
10Marks.
6. (a) Methods used by the missionaries to win converts

i. Use of education- Where the Africans were able to read and write/ read the
Bible/catechism.
ii. Use of gifts-Sugar/food/clothes) Charity.
iii. Use of medical assistance/service thus winning the African favour. iv. Teaching
Africans new agricultural skills.
 v. Teaching Africans technical
skills. vi. Construction of worshipping
place
vii. Befriending the local rules (e.g chiefs/headmen)
viii. the missionaries learnt the local languages of the people. ix. they
translated parts of the bile Hymns/Creeds into local languages.
x. They used advanced technology when preaching (radio/newspapers/books etc)
xi. They were friendly in their approach/defended African interests against colonialists.
xii. They encouraged worship in local languages/tolerated certain African interests
against colonialists.
xiii. They use the local people in the church as elders/lay leaders/priests/catechists. xiv.
they rehabilitated feed slaves/outcasts. xv. they offered employment to converts.
xvi. Missionaries denied certain services as an indirect force so as to win
converts.
8x2= 16mks
(b) Factors that led to the increase of Christian denomination in Kenya.
i. Desire to be free from missionary control
ii. Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power
iii. Difference in biblical interpretations/teachings.
iv. Resistance to change by older members of the church
v. Lack of good example/role model/corruption
vi. Rise of revival movement that emphasize the work of the Holy Spirit/spiritual pride.
vii. Disagreements on the mode of worship (rituals)
viii. Tribalism/clanism/nepotism/sectionalism/Social class/racism ix. Search for
spiritual satisfaction/growth.
x. Search for spiritual satisfaction/growth.
xi. Freedom of worship guaranteed in the Kenyan constitution.
xii. Permissiveness in society.
xiii. For material gains/greed/selfishness/money
9x1= 9mks

C.R.E PAPER 131/1-YEAR 2000 MARKING SCHEME

1. Promises that God made to Abraham

Abraham would be the father of a great nation/many descendants/many children
Abraham would receive personal blessings-will die in peace Abraham will receive
honour /he will have many descendants.
 Abraham will receive personal reputation/his name would be made great
Abraham would receive personal reputation/his name would be made great All
those that bless Abraham would be cursed/God would protect Abraham.
Abraham would be a source of blessings to his descendants/ God will rescue
Abraham’s descendants.
Through him all nations of the earth would be blessed.
God would give Abraham and his descendants the land of Canaan.
The covenant would be everlasting.
He promised Abraham a son/a heir through his wife Sarah.
5x1=5mks.
2. Ways in which God revealed himself to the Israelites on Mt. Sinai Thunder and
lightning.
Fire/pillar of fire.
Earthquake/the mountain trembled violently.
Sound of trumpet that grew louder and louder.
He spoke to Moses/through the ten commandments/through a voice Smoke
5x1-5mks
3. Ways used by kings of Israel to bring the people back to God
i. Destroyed the altars of God. (i.e Asherah poles)
ii. Set examples to the people by repenting their sins when warned by the prophets of
heir wrongdoings by worshipping
iii. Killing the priests of Baal e.g Jehu
iv. Restoring temple worship e.g. David/captured the ark/taking the ark to Jerusalem.
v. Removal of the covenant/they led the people in renewing their allegiance to Yawheh
and the Sinai covenant e.g. Jehu and Josiah they renewed Jewish festivals.
vi. Repaired the temple/they made God’s dwelling place presentable and accorded it its
due respect Hezekiah/build a temple e.g. Solomon.
vii. Destroyed the bronze serpent that Moses had made during the exodus for the
Israelites had began worshipping it they burnt incense to it (Hezekiah of Judah 2
Kings 18:3) viii. They did not form political alliances with neighbouring kings
thus demonstrating to the people that God was to be completely trusted.
5x1=5mks

4. Ways in which God used Hosea to show the Israelites that despite their
sinfulness He still loved them
Hosea preached that the punishment was for the purpose of restoration /God would
destroy Israel but he would restore them to their former glory.
 Hosea told them that those who accept God’s punishment and endure it would receive
his mercy.
Hosea told them that God would forgive their sins and would not remember them.
Hosea condemned idol worship and………..showing that God required faithfulness
from the Israelites at all time/ God required total faithfulness.
The remarrying of….by Hosea symbolized restoration thus the people were further
assured of God’s promise.
Change in the names of Hosea’s children showed for the people of Israel.
5x1=5mks.
5. Events which took place the night Jesus was born
There was census/Jesus parents went to Bethlehem for the census
No room was available for Mary and Joseph to retire for the night/went to the cattle
shed
Shepherds were looking after the flocks
Angels visited the shepherds and the magi to announce the birth/angels sang/glorified
God
The visitation of the shepherds and the magi to the place Jesus was (Bethlehem)
/Brought gifts/glorified God. (5mks)

6. Ways which John the Baptist prepared the way for the Mess
• •
Was a forerunner of Christ/prepared the way for the coming of the messiah
Baptized Jesus in river Jordan
• Witnessed that Jesus was the messiah/lamb of God/son of God / the
introduced Jesus to the crowd.
• Introduced Jesus to his disciples.
• Two of his disciples became Jesus disciples
• Preached repentance and forgiveness of sins/baptized those who repented .
• Warmed people of God’s coming judgment
• He acknowledged Jesus’ greatness /ascendancy over him
• Advised people to live Holy lives/do what is right /share with other
(5mks)
7. Lessons learnt about the nature of Jesus from when he casted out a demon from
a man
Taught with authority
Jesus is the Holy one of God/divine/Messiah/son of God
He had power over demons/evil spirits/Satan
He has concern and love for people
 He had power over Sabbath/He is the hard of Sabbath
He is courageous
He was a teacher
His human nature is clear/ was from Nazareth.
8. Lessons Christians learn from the parable of the prodigal son
Christian should be ready to forgive one another
Should repent ones sins
Sin do separate us from God the source of true happiness
There is rejoice in heaven/angels rejoice over repentant sinners
Should not feel self-righteous
Christians should accept/welcome repentant sinners
Sin makes us loose human dignity
Christians should not place their trust in materials wealth

9. Characteristics of an apostle of Jesus Christ

Called/chosen by Christ himself/commissioned by Christ
Witness to Jesus’ teachings
Ready to suffer persecutions/tribulations/suffering for Christ’s sake Practice
self-denial
Should live Christ like life.
Should be filled by Holy spirit
Preach the goodness/others about Christ
One had to be a disciple of Christ
Should go through baptism in the Holy trinity/baptize others.

10. Why Christians should live in a community

• To profess/proclaim their faith
• To encourage and strengthen one another in the Lord/praying/worship
together
• To become a new people of God/ spirit of brotherhood/separate
themselves from non believers
• To emulate Christ who lived with his disciples
• To share their material belonging/assist the needy/solve problems together
• To dedicate themselves fully to God’s work/ to fellowship together.

11. Missionary groups that established mission stations in Kenya between 1890-
1904
 • Church Missionary society (CMS)- Kabete 1904
• Holy Ghost Fathers 1890-91 (Mombasa)
• African Inland Mission (Kangundo 1902)
• •
Church of Scotland Mission (CSM), Kibwezi 1893 SDA-Seventh Day
Adventist
• Friends African Mission/Qauakers (Kaimosi 1903)
• Lutheran Church
• Consolate Fathers (Tutho And Nyeri 1902

12. Factors that led to the rise of African leadership in the Christian Church in
Kenya.
• Wanted to express Christianity in an African way
• Wanted greater role in the leadership and administration of the
church/desirable leadership/prominence.
• Missionaries condemned the African cultures such as polygamy/female
circumcision
• The literate African were able to read the Bible and made better
interpretation/became enlightened thus felt the need to change.
• Bible translation created a desire to worship god in African way
• Realised that there was little or no difference between the missionaries and
colonialists
• Wanted freedom from European domination
• Africans were not happy with the missionaries condemnation of their religious
beliefs.

13. The role of a Diviner

• Predicts future occurrences
• Warns against future calamities
• Advises counsels/guides on various issues
• Intercedes in times of calamities
 • Heals those with various diseases and ailments
• Mediates between god/ ancestral/spirit and the people
• Judge/ presides over various cases in the community
• Interprets messages from the spirit world
• Comforts the sick and the depressed in the community
5 x1= 5mks

14. Factors which led to the coming of missionaries to Kenya. The rise of revival
movements in Europe
To win more Christian converts to the Christian faith
To stop slave trade and introduce legitimate trade
Improve the living standards of Africans
Obeying Jesus Christ’s command of evangelizing the whole world
To settle freed slaves
Population pressure in Europe
To Introduce medical services
To civilize the Africans
To introduce formal education
The respect given by early explorers 5x1=5mks
15. Obstacles to affective church influence in the social life of the community There
is power struggle within the churches/disunity/wrangles.
Some church leaders/lay Christian involve themselves is sexual immorality) e.g
adultery, fornication, prostitution, homosexuality, lesbianism.) Inadequate
training of some church leader/lack of training.
Rise of self-styled apostles/preachers who bring confusion to believers
Mismanagement/misappropriation of church funds/resources by some church leaders.
Some members have a ‘Holier than thou’ attitude/ self righteousness/individualism.
Partiality treatment of church members is based on materialism /education /social status
Negative influence from science and technology
Lack of finance for effective evangelization
Introduction of ideologies (e.g devil worship/cults/communist/socialism)

16. African cultural expressions used in Christian worship today.

Use of vernacular in worship
Use of traditional musical instruments (drums, kayamba)
Use of body movements (e.g dancing, clapping /jumping)
Shaking of hands/hugging
Responding to prayers in unison/congregational involvement/ liturgical recitations
 Spontaneous prayer
Performing cleansing rituals
Adopting family/ individual names at baptism.
Giving offerings in kind /agricultural produce
Use of African texture and design in dressing
Building churches using traditional African architectural styles. Singing
using traditional tunes and melodies.

17. Ways in which modern Christians use their leisure time

Organise/attend religious seminar/conference
Visit/ pray of the sick/prisoners
Participate in church choir/concerts
Offer/give free services to the aged
Read religious literature (e.g. bible, Christian pamphlets, newsletters, magazines)
Keep the church and its environment clean
Have fellowship with other Christian / Pastoral care
Initiate self-help projects to assist the needy
Provide guidance and counseling to the community
Preach the word of god
Visit relatives and friends
Be with your family
Listen to Christian preaching/songs on the radio Watch
Christian films/videos.
5x1=5mks
18. Ways through which the church can promote self employment in modern
society.
• Open more technical institute for masons, carpenters, electricians
• Provide guidance and counseling for positive attitude towards work/dignity of
work
• Enhancing a sense of responsibility in work.
• Giving them assistance in obtaining the equipment to staff small scale enterprises
(e.g. sewing machines, tool boxes)
• Help them final market for the finished products
• Organise in-service courses for the self employed to improve the quality of the
their products
• Organise communal self help projects
• Help them in obtaining premises for their business.
 5x1=5mks
19. Role Christian can play in national elections By praying for fair/free and just
/peaceful elections
Being employed at various levels in and out of polling stations
Being committed in playing different roles.
Being honest/not fearing intimidation/persecution
Casting one’s vote
Educating the masses on their civil rights/ obligations
Financing / assisting the government in facilitating smooth and fair elections.
Avoiding situations of confrontations with the government of the day.
5x1=5mks
20. How a Christian can show respect for life today.
• Care for / conserve the environment (e.g. planting trees/grass/flowers)
• Avoiding pollution of water, air and land/through proper disposal of waste.
• Caring for the less fortunate members of the society/helping the needy.
• Condemning abortion.
• Discouraging capital punishment
• Practicing responsible parenthood/ discouraging child abuse.
• Sharing natural resources with those who are unfortunate
• Discouraging capital punishment
• Providing guidance and counseling on the value of life.
5x1= 5mks
 C.R.E PAPER II (313/2) – YEAR 2000 MARKING SCHEME
1a)
i. The people persecuted the prophet of Yahweh.
ii. The kings led the people in idol worship. E.g. Jeroboam
iii. The kings were god chosen/they forced their way onto the throne. iv. The
people rejected the message of the true prophets like Elijah/Elisha/Amos.
v. The people refused to repent when given the opportunity/when called to
repentance.
vi. The people didn’t destroy the Canaanite temples but took to worshipping both
Yahweh and the Canaanite gods in these temples.
vii. The rulers/kings did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life. viii.
The kings built temples for idol worship.
ix. They formed political alliance with neighboring nations instead of trusting
Yahweh totally.
x. The kings propagated injustice where the poor were denied justice e.g ahab and
Naboth xi. Sexual immorality the people engaged in immoral activities at
the temple /cult prostitution
xii. They sold fellow Israelites into slavery which was forbidden by Yahweh.
xiii. The judges were corrupt. They took bribes thus the innocent were wrongly
convicted.
b)
Jezebel swore to Kill Elijah the way he had killed the prophets of Baal.
i. Elijah got afraid and fled in Bathsheba after killing
the prophets of Baal.
ii. He was discouraged and despaired /he felt lonely. iii.
He got depressed and prayed for death.
iv. He walked for 40 days and nights to Mount Horeb/Sinai
v. When he arrived at Mt. Horeb Elijah was weak and mistook God’s nature/thus
God rebuked him vi. Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal and thought it
had achieved nothing
vii. He walked for 40 days and nights to Mount Horeb /Sinai
viii. When he arrived at Mt. Horeb, Elijah was weak and mistook God’s nature/thus
god rebuked him
ix. Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal and thought it had a achieved nothing.
x. He had to convince the people that he was the true prophet of Yahweh.
xi. After proposing the thre-year drought he lived in fera
xii. Elijah underestimated his ability in calling back the people back to Yahweh. xiii.
He was accused by King Ahab as the trouble maker of Israel.
xiv. He had to defend his religion to prove that Yahweh was a true God. c)
i. Human suffering which hinders people from accepting the message of hope
ii. Lack of cooperation from the congregation
 iii. Problems of how to react/relate objectively when their expectations are not met.
iv. Inadequate knowledge on how to deal with various
groups/women/youth/choir/rival groups/relatives.
v. There are temptations to acquire property unjustly.
vi. Difficulties in harmonizing the message of the gospel and innovations of science
and technology
vii. Too much time/service is expected out of them
viii. Inability to control/meat their human desires (sexually)
ix. Be in an environment that is hostile/insecure
2a)
i. God is merciful towards sinners/he gives a chance to repent/come back to him
ii. God forgives all types of sin/(according to Jews such a sin is too big to be
forgiven)
iii. Jesus does not condemn sinners/Jesus loves sinners(but hates sins) iv. We
should avoid sinning after being forgiven/those, whose sins are forgiven, should
live according to the law of God/live righteously.
v. We are all sinners. No one is righteous /everyone needs forgiveness. vi.
We should not kill sinners/life is sacred and only God can take it away.
vii. We should be tolerant sinners/ we should love sinners/pray for them/help them to
change and turn them to God.

b) Jewish attitudes towards sin.

i. Sinners are outcast; they are not to be mixed with.
ii. Sinners are stoned/killed/executed
iii. Sinners are despised/rebuked iv. Sinners are hated
v. Sinners are grouped/classified.
vi. Sinners is inherited .
vii. Sin causes ill health/sickness/suffering/ god punished sin.
viii. Only God can forgive sin/no human being can forgive sin.

c) Action church members would take to handle causes of dishonesty.

i. Find out what problems the members have/reasons for dishonesty.
ii. Help the people to meet their basic needs.
iii. Offering guidance and counseling.
iv. Forgive them
v. Pray for them
vi. Encourage them to pray. vii. Report the matter to the authorities/discipline them.
viii. Help the people to set up income generating projects.
ix. Fellowshipping with them
x. Preach to them.
 xi. Setting a good-example for them to emulate
xii. Delegating duties to responsible persons
xiii. Teaching them to live responsibly
xiv. Encourage them to avoid situations which could lead them to dishonesty

3a) The conversation of Paul the Apostle by Jesus Christ as recorded in Acts of the
Apostles 9:1-19
Saul was on his way to Damascus to persecute Christians
A strange light stuck him and the voice of the lord said “saul why do you persecute
me?”
Saul recognized the voice of the strange power and asked, “Who are you Lord?”
The men who were traveling with him stood speechless as they heard the voice but saw
no one.
Saul was blinded and had to be lead to Damascus.
Saul was blind for three days and stayed without food or drink
The lord spoke to Ananias at Damascus to lay his hands on Saul so that his sight could
Ananias laid his hands on Saul and he regained his sight Saul
was baptized and was filled with Holy spirit.
Ananias also gave him food and Saul was strengthened.
b) Problems which early church faced before conversion of Paul
They were stoned to death /killed.
They were accused falsely.
They were arrested.
They were imprisoned.
They were mistaken for being drunk when they spoke in tongues.
There was unfairness in distribution of foods to widows.
They scattered in fear of persecution.
There was dishonest among some members e.g. Saphira and Ananias.
They were warned/threatened not to use the name of Jesus in their preaching.
They were whipped/beaten
They were persecuted/oppressed.
c) Reasons why a person should be converted to Christianity.
To have eternal life in heaven.
To enter God’s kingdom on earth.
To turn away from sins/seek forgiveness/receive salvation. To
enjoy god’s covenant/enter God’s covenant relationship To be
the light/salt of the world.
To acquire a new identity.
 To escape judgment/fire in hell/punishment.

4a) Reasons why idleness is condemned.

i. God ordained work/human beings were given the responsibility of looking after
God’s creation.
ii. Jesus condemned idleness in his ministry in the parable of the talents
iii. Idleness may lead to antisocial activities e.g. stealing, drinking, irresponsible sexual
behaviour
iv. Idleness leads to poverty/inability to meet one’s basic needs
v. Jesus worked and so endorsed dignity of work.
vi. Idleness is a failure to glorify God. vii. Idleness dehumanizes individuals.
viii. Christians should emulate Jesus’ example of hard
work ix. Idleness is a health hazard e.g. obesity, heart attack.
x. Idleness is a rebellion against God’s intention for human beings.
xi. Idleness retards the development of God giving talents.
b) Factors that have let to unemployment in Kenya.
i. The growth rate of Kenya’s economy is lower than the population growth ii.
Inadequate land for those who want to self employed in agriculture sector
iii. Inadequate funds to start economic ventures iv. Adoption of lifestyles
that do not promote development e.g. drug addiction, laziness.
v. The great part of Kenya is low potential
vi. Wrong attitude instilled in the youth by the society/the youth think they should
only do the white collar jobs.
vii. Poor job distribution where some people hold more than one job.
viii. Policies that allow foreigners to take up jobs which would have been performed
by Kenyans.
ix. Low investment ability due to debt crisis and conditions set by donor countries.
x. Application of redundancy practices by both the government and the private
sector i.e (retrenchment)
xi. Liberalization of market which has led to the influx of cheap goods thus leading
to closure of some industries.
xii. Corruption/nepotism/tribalism.
c) Steps the church in Kenya has taken to solve the problem of unemployment.
i. Employ people as pastors/evangelists/catechist
ii. Has set up youth polytechnics to provide vocational training/skills required for
employment.
iii. Sponsors people through scholarships and bursaries to enable them acquire the
necessary skills for employment
iv. Church ran training colleges/universities where people are prepared for different
careers
v. Encourage positive attitudes towards all types of jobs/guidance and counseling
 vi. Establishment of institutions which provide employment opportunities/e.g
schools/hospitals
vii. Provides funds to start small scale income generating industries and projects
viii. Sustain self-help groups by helping them to make products and market them
thus creating job opportunities. (7mks)

5 a) How was marriage formalized in traditional African Communities.

• Giving of bride price/dowry as a token of appreciation to girls/brides
family
• Exchange of gifts among the family members performed religious
rituals/sacrifices/blessings
• Held ceremonies /celebrations where food and beer were shared among
friend and families.
• Exchanged visits by the families of the bride and the groom/exchange of
mutual help and services.
• Marriage negotiations/discussion were held .
• Celebration through songs and dance
• Oathing /vowing/pledge of allegiance/ making promises
•
Virginity of bride to be proved.
b) Why polygamy common in traditional African communities
• Many children were viewed as a source of pride/wealth/labour
• Effective family planning
• To ensure unity/harmony in the community
• To acquire wealth through bride price
• Children ensured security in old age
• The more the children the longer the immortality
• To reduce irresponsible sexual behaviors such as prostitution/adultery/fornication
•
Curb barrenness/childlessness
• Ones social status was measured by the number of wives one had
• Co-wives worked as a team/boost the man’s wealth
• Due to high mortality rate due to epidemics thus one needed to marry many wives
• To avoid getting children of one sex
 • Land was plenty to accommodate large families. (8mks)
c) State the role of parents in a traditional African communities
• Creating linkage with the wider community.
• Bing role models for their children/set example
• Encouraging and directing them to realize their potential self actualization
• Enhancing family cohesion unity.
• Settling disputes and quarrels that arise in families.
• Making decisions on all matters.
• Passing on inheritance to their offspring.

6 a) Steps the church is taking in assisting orphans.

• Preaching/teaching about individual responsibility towards the orphans.
• Organizing for adoption
• Advocating for their plight so that the state/other interested parties can take
action.
• Paying fees/school levies to keep them in school/educational institution.
• Assisting them to link with their relatives.
• Providing them with rehabilitation centres/homes.
• Encouraging them to attend church.
• Visiting and encouraging them to feel accepted/empathies with them.
•
Provision of basic needs to promote good health
• Offering employment opportunities to promote self-reliance.
• Offering vocational training to equip them understand and cope with the situation.
•
Protecting them from exploitation/ensuring that their property is safe pray for
them.

b) Factors that prevent effective church cooperation in Kenya

• Different interpretations of the bible/ beliefs/holier than though attitude.
• Differences due to historical legacy based on foundation principles/origin.
• Competition to win more converts to supersede the others.
 • Lack of equity in resources which make some churches more developed than
others hence uneasy relationship.
• Greed to lead which makes the various levels of leadership uncooperative .
• Differences due to political inclination whereby some churches are
prostate/noncommital /opposed.
• Discrimination due to training and experience.
• Differences in the acquisition of church wealth.
• Differences arising from appointment of women as preachers
• Differences due to the issue of acceptable Christian norms.

c) Ways in which the provision of health facilities by the early missionaries

promoted the spread of the gospel
• Treating those with hearing problems enabled Africans to hear gospel.
• Treating those with sight problems enabled Africans to read the word
• Giving food at the health centers to promote good health
• Health centers served as the initial homes of freed slaves so the missionaries had
access to people to preach to.
• Through the use of modern medicine the people were discouraged from visiting
witch doctors/African specialists.
• At the health centres, the Africans were taught hygiene which promoted peoples
health and thus became more willing to listen to the word.
• Health facilities reduced mortality rate thus there were many people to hear the
word.
• Health centers, the Africans were taught hygiene which promoted peoples health
and thus became more willing to listen to the word.
• Health facilities reduced mortality rate thus there were many people to hear the
word
• The interaction of missionaries (who were also medical staff0 with the Africans
removed the racial barrier thus the Africans listened to the gospel freely.
• The interaction of missionaries (who were also medical staff) with the Africans
removed the racial barrier thus the Africans listened to the gospel freely.
• The medical staff who were also missionaries prayed for the sick thus showing
love/concern. This motivated Africans to accepted the gospel.
Christian Religious Education Paper 1 313/ 2001
1. Versions of the Bible used by Churches in Kenya.
i. Revised standard version
ii. Living Bible
iii. Amplified Bible
iv. New Bible
v. New International version
vi. King James Version. vii. The Gideon International
viii. New English Bible. ix.
Common Bible
x. Good News Bible.
5x1=5mks
2. God’s characteristics revealed to Moses during the renewal of the covenant .
Exodus 34: 1-28
• Compassionate/Merciful/full of pity.
• Gracious.
• Slow to anger.
• Loving/Kind/Intimate/Personal.
• Faithful/firm/fulfill his promises/Restores.
•
Forgiving.
• Just/Punisher/fair.
• Powerful/Omnipotent/almighty. • Jealous
• Holy.
5x1=5mks.
3. Reasons why Samuel was opposed to the idea of having a king, 1 Sam 8:6-18

i. They would be rejecting God as their unseen King/ruler. ii.

Their sons would be recruited forcefully into the army.
iii. There would be forced labour iv.
The people would be enslaved.
v. The king would grab their land/property/maid/servant.
vi. There would be over-taxation. vii. Their would loose their
identify as a covenant people/Idolatry. viii. Their daughter
will be made Mandy in the royal houses. ix. Hereditary
kingship would lead to oppression/dictatorship
5x1=5mks
4. Problems prophet Jeremiah encountered.
i. He was arrested
 ii. He faced death threats from the people. iii.
The scroll was burnt by King Jehoiakin.
iv. He was thrown into a eastern/stared/well
v. He had difficulties in convincing the people that his message was true/from
Yahweh/faced opposition.
vi. He was beaten.
vii. He was insulted/referred/to as a traitor/mocked/ ridiculed
viii. He was barred from going to the temple.
ix. He was put in prison/ butted cell/ dungeon/detained
5x1=5mks

5. Actions that took place during the presentations of Jesus in the temple.
Lk 2:21-40
i. Jesus parents offered a sacrifice two turtle, doves (sin offering purification)
ii. Simeon took the child into his arms.
iii. He praised God/gave thanks. iv. He prophesied about Jesus mission.
v. The parents of Jesus marveled at Simeon’s prophecy. vi.
Prophets Anna thanked God/Prayed for the child. vii.
She prophesied that Jesus was the redeemer of Jerusalem.
viii. Simeon blessed Jesus parents. ix. Jesus was
dedicated/Redeemed.
x. Simeon was led by the Holy spirit
5x1 = 5mks
6. Teaching of Jesus about John the Baptist. Lk: 7:24-35
i. John the Baptist is a prophet/last prophet.
ii. He is the greatest of the prophets
iii. He was prophesied about in the scriptures.
iv. He was to prepare the way for Christ /messenger/foreman/precursor.
v. He was referred to as Elijah.
vi. He did not take wine/He was a Nazarene
vii. He fasted. viii. He dwelt in the wilderness.
ix. Jesus said that people referred to John, as demon possessed
x. The least in the Kingdom of God is greater than John .
5x1=5mks
7. Lessons Christian learn from the raising of Jairus daughter Lk 8:40-56
i. Jesus gives life/power over death/there is life after death/death /death is
temporary sleep.
ii. Faith is necessary for healing
iii. Christian should approach/seek God with humility iv. Christian should be
persistent in making requests
v. God answers requests/Christians should turn to God for their needs.
 vi. God visits his people in their places/He is available.
vii. Christians should be patient/avoid desperation. viii. Jesus brings
hope/Joy/compassionate/Sympathetic.
ix. Jesus is the savior Messiah/Son of God .
5x1=5mks
8. Reasons why it was difficult for the disciples to believe that Jesus had
resurrected.
i. They have witnessed his death and burial
ii. The report about the resurrected Christ was brought by women who were despised
iii. The disciples expected a glorious triumphant political Messiah/not one that would
die/suffering Messiah
iv. They lacked faith.
v. There was conflicting message/information about the resurrection/He’s stolen
vi. The tomb was heavily guarded by the Roman soldiers/A big rock.
vii. They were ignorant of the divine nature of Jesus.
viii. Influence from their historical background on resurrection/never happened.
5x1= 5mks
9. Ways through which the early Christians were persecuted.
i. They were imprisoned
ii. They were stoned to death e.g. Stephen
iii. Not allowed to preach in public iv. They were denied access to the temple
v. They were beheaded.
vi. They were beaten /flogged/tortured
vii. They were ridiculed/mocked/ despised
viii. They were insulted/abused.
ix. They were thrown to wild animals
x. They were crucified .
xi. They were thrown into boiling oil
xii. Any other forms of persecution which are relevant/poisoned/stripped
naked/slavery/exiled/thrown out by family(Rejection) Banished
5x1=5mks.
10. Spiritual gift given to the Church according to Saint Paul 1 Cor 12: 7-11.
Wisdom
i. Faith
ii. Knowledge
iii. Healing iv. Performing miracles
v. Prophecy
vi. Distinguishing between spirits
vii. Interpretation of tongues
viii. Speaking in tongues
 5x1= 5mks
11. Reasons why Africans accepted Christianity in Kenya between 1844-1914
i. They had a call from God/Inspiration
ii. They hoped for internal gain (Education, European way of
life/European civilization/culture practice. iii. They wanted to identify
with Europeans/European way of life/European civilization/culture practice.
iv. They were forced into the mission stations by their local leaders thus got
converted.
v. The misfits/outcasts in Africa communities found refuge in missions stations
and hence got converted/stopping slave trade/orphans/widows. vi. There were those
who were curious about the new faith/pealing
vii. There were those who wanted to enhance their social
status/prestige/superiority/equality.
viii. Some of Traditional belief talked with Christian teaching
ix. Bible translocation
(5x1=5mks)
12. Ways through which the missionaries used to increase African participation in
the Church in Kenya between 1940 1960.
i. Training of African Church leaders both locally and abroad (St. Pauls theological
College, Limuru, St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary).
ii. Appointing African to leadership positions e.g. Catechist/Priest
iii. Establishing local parishes/Dioceses.
iv. Incorporating African culture practices in worship e.g. clamping hands/tunes
v. Adopting African attire e.g. way of dressing by clergy.
vi. Using African architectural styles in the construction of Churches.
vii. Use of African languages in worship/translation of bible into local language
viii. Allowing interaction between of different denominations/ecumenism
ix. Offering special privileges to Church leaders e.g. given a good house. 5x1=5mks

13. Reasons why observance of blood kinship is important in tradition African

societies.
i. Prevents the spread of hereditary diseases
ii. Provides a wide source of material help in case of need.
iii. Provides unlimited source of advice to the members/Guidance & counseling
iv. Promotes harmonious living as related people respect each other.
v. Serves as a check on one’s behavior/interrelationships/Discipline
vi. Provides a wide source of security to members/belonging
vii. Prevents incestuous behavior/marriages
viii. Helps maintain the culture of the people (religion, customs, traditions, beliefs)
marriage
ix. Helps members to face challenges together /hardships/moral support.
 5x1=5mks
14. Reasons why the birth of a child is a joyous event in traditional African societies
i. It ensures increase of labour force.
ii. It provides for community continuity/immortality.
iii. It enhances the social status of the family iv. It cements the relationships between
the coupes/the families
v. It removes ridicule on the mother/father
vi. Provides an opportunity for the people to give thanks to God/and the ancestors.
vii. Provides a chance for the family to get together and celebrate
viii. Provides a source of wealth
ix. Provides a source of security.
x. Children are blessing in a marriage
5x1=5mks

15. Belief about the nature of God in traditional African society.

i. He is everywhere/omnipresent.
ii. He is all powerful/omnipotent/Almighty/controller.
iii. He is loving
iv. He punishes evil/he’s just
v. He is all knowing/omniscient vi. He is the source of all things/the creator. vii.
He is caring /provides/Generous/blessing
viii. He’s impartial. ix. He’s
transcendent/beyond/supreme/high above/as pint.
x. He’s immincint/Near/amount
xi. He’s everlasting.

16. Ways through which human beings communicate with the spirit world
i. Through
pouring/making libations
ii. By offering
sacrifices. iii. Through
prayers.
iv. Through the naming of
children v. Through the naming of
children
vi. Through divination of children
vii. Through dreams/visions
viii. By singing /dancing
ix. By invoking/ chanting/calling/incantation/salutation
 x. Giving offerings
5x1=5mks.
17. Reasons why Christians should maintain the family unit.
i. It provides material/economic/support to family members.
ii. It provides emotional/psychological/Christian growth to family members/Christian
growth.
iii. It ensures security to family members.
iv. It ensures that members learn/maintain discipline
v. It provides a conducive environment for procreation/continuity of society
vi. It ensures that members become responsible
vii. It is the foundation of the society. viii. It was instituted by god/No divorce
5x1=5mks
18. Effects of irresponsible sexual behavior
i. Promote spread of sexually transmitted diseases
ii. Increase mental disorders e.g. rape victim.
iii. Unwanted children/Abortion /street children/unwanted pregnancies
iv. Irresponsible parenthood
v. Increase of poverty cases/wastage/misuse of resources
vi. It leads to deaths e.g aids
vii. It leads to loss of status in society.
viii. It causes disagreements the family/divorce/separation ix. It leads to one facing
legal consequences/imprisonment
x. It leads to single parenthood.
xi. It leads to forced/early
marriages
xii. It leads to school dropout
5x1=5mks.
19. How Christian show love in famine stricken people.
i. Praying for them
ii. Providing them with food and water clothes i.e sharing . iii.
Initiating/funding projects to help them become self reliant food production. iv.
Sanitizing people on the plight of the affected cases.
v. Advocating for equitable
distribution of resources.
vi. Supporting their self help projects.
vii. Providing medical facilities/care.
viii. Providing basic
education/skills/training ix. Providing basic
education/skills/training
x. Providing guidance and counseling/preaching to then
xi. Providing guidance and counseling/preaching to then.
 xii. Providing personal care/visiting them.
5x1=5mks
20. Ways through which a Christian can help reduce corruption in Kenya today.
i. Pray for the corrupt people to change
ii. Being a role model/avoiding taking part in corrupt practices
iii. Preaching to the people on the ills of the corruption/Guiding iv. Report
incidences of corruption to the relevant authority
v. Encourage people to adhere to the stipulated laws/procedures/regulations. vi.
Publish books/magazines/newsletters on negative effects of corruption
vii. Organise seminars/conferences/workshops
for people to discuss solutions to end
corruption out/. Teach people of their rights.
viii. Campaigning for better salaries to workers ix.
Choosing/electing honest leaders.
x. Carry out/establish the causes of corruption.

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2001

1. a) Promises of God to David through Prophet Nathan
i. He would be the greatest king/Leader in Israel/ great name.
ii. God would protect Israel from oppression/give Israel peace during his rule
iii. Protect David from his enemies
iv. He would keep the kingdom strong for his sons descendants/the son will be king
v. Bury him with his ancestors
vi. David’s house would rule forever/everlasting dynasty
vii. David and his descendants would be blessed forever always
viii. The Messiah would come from David’s lineage ix. God would punish David’s
sons when they did wrong just as a father punishes a son.
x. God would always support him
 xi. David’s son Solomon would build a temple for God xii.
God would give Israel their own land.
(8x1=8mks) 1.
b) Factors that led to the failure of David’s successors
i. They shed innocent blood
ii. They were oppressive in their rule (forced labour/heavy taxation/bribery)
iii. They married foreign wives
iv. They built temples/shrines for idols
v. They were unfaithful/ dishonest
vi. They did not tell people who God was
vii. They were disobedient to God
viii. They did not rule according to the law of Moses
ix. They did not listen to the prophets
x. They worshipped both God and idols/syncretism/worshipped idols
xi. They sought alliances with neighboring states instead of relying of God.
(7x1=7mks)
c) Factors that prevent political leaders from performing their duties efficiently
i. Ridicule from members of the society
ii. Inability to live up to the expectations of the electorate/promises made
iii. Women leaders are discriminated against/looked down upon
iv. Lack of training in leadership skills/poor looked down upon
v. Divisions/conflicts within/between the parties
vi. Lack of adequate forum to meet/address their electorate
vii. Insecurity funds to initiate development projects help their electorate
viii. Differing/conflicting ideologies resulting in divisive decisions.
ix. Inadequate funds to initiate development projects help their electorate.
x. Personal differences
xi. Inadequate infrastructure
xii. Cultural/religious barriers/tribal/ethnic/racial corruption (4x2=8)

2. a) Problems faced by the Israelites during the Babylonian exile

i. They lacked adequate food/famine
ii. Adapting to a new environment
iii. Following/keeping the Babylonian laws
iv. They suffered from various diseases and ailments
v. Some of them were executed
vi. They suffered from various diseases and ailments
 vii. Some of them were executed
viii. They were turned into refugees in Egypt; Moab, Edom, Ammon, etc
ix. They were not united
x. There religious loyalty to God was undermine
xi. They were not united
xii. Their religious loyalty to God was undermined
xiii. They lacked places for worship/religious festivals
xiv. They were influenced into idolatry
xv. There were false prophets. (8x1=8mks)
b) Conditions of restoration as preached by prophet Ezekiel
i. They should maintain justice/make fair judgment
ii. They should not worship idols
iii. They should not worship God at shrines set up in high places
iv. They should not commit sexual immorality/adultery/fornication
v. There should be no oppression of the poor /others
vi. They should keep pledges ad return what is taken unfairly
vii. There should be no robbery/theft
viii. They should give food to the hungry
ix. They should provide clothes for the naked
x. They should not lend at interest/take excessive increase
xi. They should obey God’s commands/statutes/ordinances
xii. They should repent/seek forgiveness. (8x1=8mks)
c) How Christians promote harmony between the church and state
i. Encourage the faithful to obey the rulers
ii. Allowing the rulers to become leaders in the church/inviting them to the church
iii. Preaching/condemning evils in the society
iv. Advising the political leaders on the correct ways of administering
v. Supporting state related projects
vi. Participating in reforming laws governing the country
vii. Promoting the positive image of the country/highlighting the positive activities
of the state
viii. Working jointly with the state when calamities occur/helping the need
ix. Participating in elections of leaders
x. Paying taxes
xi. Praying for God’s intervention
xii. Contributing to participation in national development activities (education,
health, self-help, etc)
(7x1=7mks)
3 a) How Jesus fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy
 i. He bore the sins of the human race
ii. He delivered Israel by dying on the
cross/crucified iii. He submissively bore suffering
and disgrace
iv. He was despised and rejected
v. He was a man of sorrow/grief
vi. He was pieced/wounded
vii. He appeared before the Sanhedrin/Pilate for judgment
viii. He was pieced/wounded
ix. He was crucified with the thieves
x. He was buried in a rich man’s tomb
xi. Through him God’s everlasting Kingdom was established
xii. He was without sin/holy
xiii. Through Jesus many have been forgiven/saved. xiv. Jesus was exalted/made great
xv. Jesus was born of a virgin/divine birth/Holy spirit
xvi. He was of the lineage of David
xvii. He was a wonderful counselor/prince of peace/Emmanuel
xviii. He established justice on earth
xix. He was Almighty xx. Jesus said he had come to fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah xxi.
He was filled with the Holy spirit.
(8x2=12mks)
3 b) Ways through which the power of God was seen in the early church
i. They were able to pray together/fellowship
ii. They lived together
iii. They shared meals in their homes/breaking of the bread
iv. They performed miracles/healing/exorcising/raising the dead
v. They persevered persecutions/humbled themselves
vi. They had courage/were bold/they condemned evil
vii. They were able to speak in tongues/interpret languages
viii. They were able to solve problems/conflicts amicably
ix. They sold their property for the common good/shared property
x. They laid hands on the converts xi. They baptized the new converts
xii. They appointed leaders/deacons xiii. They
distributed food to the widows/orphans
(8x1 8mks)

c) The importance of baptism of Jesus to Christians today

i. Christians are baptized to identify with
Jesus
 ii. It unites Christians as members of one
body iii. It unites Christians as members of
one body
iv. It is a sign of death and resurrection of Jesus
v. Signifies a new life/change of status
vi. Use of water is symbolic as a leaser.
vii. Signifies the complete forgiveness of sins
viii. It makes them children of God
ix. It marks the beginning of personal commitment to God
x. Prepare Christians for the heavenly Kingdom xi. It gives one a sense of
belonging to a Christian community xii. It confirmed that Jesus was the son
of God/Messiah/Divinity of Jesus
(5mks)

4 a) Reasons why the Pharisees were referred to as hypocrites by Jesus

i. They considered themselves self-righteous
ii. They despised others/looked down upon others
iii. They lacked humility/exalted themselves
iv. They knew the commandments but did not apply them appropriately (observed them
for their own gain/they were shy)
v. They followed Jesus with an intention of finding faults/trapping him
vi. They followed rules made by human beings/traditions of elders opposed to God’s
rule.
vii. They emphasized the outward cleanliness as opposed to purity of heart
viii. They altered the Law of Moses to suit their selfish motives
ix. They were a bad influence to the people /misled others
x. Their effect on the people was hidden yet wide spread (like yeast in the dough)
(5mks)
b) Lessons from the parable of the wheat and tares

i. Be aware that the word of God has been planted in them by Jesus/God’s word is good
ii. They are living in the world together (the good and the bad)
iii. They ought to follow Jesus’ teachings
iv. Bad people love evil
v. They ought to be aware that Satan plants bad seeds
vi. On judgment day, the good and the bad will be separated
vii. On judgment day, the good will be rewarded and the bad will be punished
viii. Satan does not want human beings to prosper in God’s word
ix. Satan comes/invades secretly
x. Christians should not be quick to condemn others/god is patient with sinners
 xi. Good/righteous ones belong to God’s kingdom/the evil belong to the devil

c) Duties given to the apostles of Jesus

i. Preaching the Good News
ii. Baptizing the converts
iii. Healing the sick/casting out demons
iv. Evangelizing/spreading the kingdom of God/witnessing
v. Performing miracles e.g. raising of the dead
vi. Counseling/teaching the converts vii. Laying of hand to impart
power/praying
(5mks)
5a) Activities carried out in traditional African communities to ensure newly born
baby is safe.
i. Baby is born in a secure/clean place (parent’s house)
ii. Baby’s birth is first announced to family members
iii. Placenta/umbilical cord is disposed off in a secret place (uncultivated
field/banana plantation)
iv. Prayers/sacrifices/libations are offered for the well being of the baby and mother
v. The umbilical cord is cut to separate the baby from the mother
vi. Baby is cleaned using medicinal herb solutions/treatment by medicine
men/witch doctor/shaving
vii. Baby mother stayed in seclusion for a number of days
viii. Baby/mother are given specific nutritious food to promote good health
ix. Mother takes medicinal herbs to ensure good health for both
x. The baby is delivered by an expert/midwife
xi. The baby is given a name

b) Ways through which youth are taught to be responsible

i. Through participation alongside adults
ii. Through watching adults perform duties/observations
iii. By being told stories/proverbs/maxims/riddles/singing songs relating to duty
iv. By imitating adults/role play/imitation
v. By inculcating fear verbally
vi. Through giving deterrent punishment for failure
vii. Through apprenticeship
viii. By rewarding/reinforcing the duty performed
ix. They were given instructions during initiation
x. Through guidance and counseling
(7mks)
c) Role of a grandfather in traditional African society
 i. He was a role model
ii. He guided and counseled family members
iii. He was a source of valuable knowledge/wisdom experience/traditions
iv. He was consulted on matters affecting the family/society
v. He has a link between the living and the dead
vi. He was a custodian of the morals/values of the community
vii. He made decisions for the family/decision maker
viii. He taught/provided entertainment by telling stories/riddles/singing songs
ix. He officiated in some family rituals/ceremonies
x. He prescribed punishment for evildoers/disciplined evil doers xi. He controlled
family resources.
(8mks)

6a) Methods used by early missionaries

i. Providing them with education/training
ii. Providing them with jobs/employment
iii. Inviting them to join the church and serve as priests, catechists, sisters etc
iv. Preaching against/discouraging some traditional practices
v. Providing them with medical facilities/care
vi. Introducing new (crop/house/clothes) modern technology/agriculture. vii.
Introducing self-help projects (water) viii. Introducing new means of
transport/communication/infrastructure
ix. Providing homes for the freed slaves/destitute.
(7mks)
b) Reasons why Christians in Kenya should work in unity
i. In order to promote oneness of Christ
ii. To promote the teachings of Christ
iii. To share the scarce resources/minimize expenses
iv. In order to achieve effective evangelism/ministry
v. In order to adopt a common attitude to the integration of African culture in
worship
vi. To prevent the formation of splinter groups/cults
vii. To reduce the internal wrangling
viii. In order to have a common stand in dealing with issues affecting the society
(education/constitutional review/medical care

c) Ways Christian serve God

 i. Preaching/teaching the word of God/dedications (priests/nuns/sister) participation in
choir
ii. Be feeding the hungry/relief food
iii. Taking care of the sick/visiting the sick
iv. Praying/ fasting for God’s peace in the world
v. Contributing to church/charitable organizations
vi. By paying taxes/tithing
vii. Taking care of the environment/working in the church
viii. Providing homes for the needy/adopting orphans
ix. Paying fees for the needy/Providing education
x. Being just and fair in giving services
xi. Advocating for equitable distribution of resources.

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 313/ 2002

1. Five actions from the life of Abraham which show his faith in God Genesis 12,
15, 17, 19, 22
(i) He left his home/ family / kindred/ kinsmen ( Gn. 12: 4-5)
(ii) He circumcised his sons/ male members 17: 23- 24
(iii) He was ready to sacrifice his son Isaac 22: 1- 12
(iv) He built altars in honour of God 12: 7- 8
(v) He made sacrifices to God 12: 7- 8, 15: 9, 10 22: 13-14
(vi) He accepted the change of his name that of his wife 17: 5-6, 15 -6
(vii) He entered a covenant with God Gn 17, 18
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
2. Values Christians can learn from the call of Moses Ex. 3-4:18
(i) Humility (action demonstrating the value of humility) Ex 3: 4
(ii) Courage 3:3
(iii) Faith / Trust 3: 17
(iv) Love/ concern/ care/ mercy/ pity 3:710/ security/ needs/ protector
(v) Honesty
(vi) Obedience 4: 18/ follow
(vii) Reverence/ respect/ honour 3:6
(viii) Service
(ix) Holiness Ex 3: 5
(x) Inquisitiveness/ keenness/ knowledge
(xi) Persistence/ patience
(xii) Justice ( punishing Egyptians) (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
3. Duties of Samuel
(i) Anointed the first two kings of Israel ( Saul and David)
(ii) Judged the people
(iii) Foretold God’s plan for the future/ What would happen to Israelites/
kings
(iv) Reminded the people of God’s Ways
(v) Acted as a mediator between God and the people
(vi) Condemned social injustice
(vii) Brought to the King’s attention their mistakes ( Saul)
(viii) Condemned Idolatry/ preached monotheism
(ix) Offered sacrifice
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
4. Expectations that the Jews had concerning the messiah (i) He would conquer
nations/ military ruler
(ii) He would rule the world/ earthly king/ political leaders
(iii) He would avenge the enemies of Israel/ punish the Romans
(iv) He would be a descendant of David / Royal/ rich
(v) He was to set up a powerful kingdom of the Israelites/ make them
prosperous
(vi) Would appear in Jerusalem full of glory
(vii) He was to appear/ come after the return of Elijah
(viii) He was to perform miracles ( might deeds)
(ix) He would not associate with the poor/ sinners/ gentiles/ outcasts
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

5. Miracles which show that Jesus had authority over nature

(i) Walking on water Mt. 14: 22- 34, M k 6: 45, Jn 15: 21
(ii) Calming the storm Mt. 8: 25 – 27 Mk 4: 35 – 46, Lk 8: 22- 25
(iii) Feeding of the Five thousand Mt 14:13- 27, Mk 6: 14- 26
(iv) Miraculous catch of fish
(v) Changing water into wine Jn 2: 1- 12
(vi) Cursing the fig tree
(vii) Healing the man born blind John 9: 1 – 34
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

6. Five teachings from the parable of wheat and tares Mt 13: 24- 30, 36 – 46
(i) Sinners belong to the devil
(ii) The righteous belong to God
(iii) both will face judgment on the last day
(iv) There is punishment for sinners
(v) The righteous will be rewarded
(vi) Sinners should be given time to repent
(vii) Satan is an enemy of God/ his people
(viii) Angles are actively involved in God’s work
(ix) Good and evil coexists in the world
(x) Christians should strive to overcome evil
(xi) Christians should not judge others ( discriminations)
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
7. Actions which show that Jesus loved the needy
(i) He called ordinary people to be his disciples
(ii) Healed the sick
(iii) He fed the hungry
(iv) He preached the good news
(v) He visited the lonely/ consoled
(vi) Mixed with sinners/ outcasts/ lowly
(vii) Died for sinners
(viii) Forgave the sinners
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

8. Reasons why resurrections of Jesus is important to Christians

(i) It is the basis of their faith/ confirms Christians faith/ foundation
(ii) It gives them hope for eternal life/ confirms there is life after death
(iii) Through it, death has been conquered/ overcome
(iv) Confirms Jesus as the son of God/ messiah/ savior
(v) It gives Christians courage to face suffering/ death/ persecution
(vi) Led to the coming of the holy Spirit
(vii) It is the basis of Christian teaching
(viii) It is a fulfillment of Jesus promises to his disciples prophecies
(ix) Confirms that Jesus is alive
(x) Confirms that Christians will resurrect in a new body form
(xi) Jesus will come again to judge the living and the dead
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

9. Ways in which Peter’s life transformed on the day of Pentecost Acts 2: 1- 42

(i) He was filled with the power of the Holy spirit
(ii) Spoke in tongues
(iii) was courageous/ bold
(iv) Preaches the word/ testified
(v) Remembered scriptures of the Old Testament
(vi) Made wise decisions/ advised the people
(vii) He baptized new converts/ got saved
(viii) He led the other disciples/ spokesman
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
10. Reasons why Christians in the early church prayed
(i) To thank God/ gratitude
(ii) To show respect to God/ fellowship with God
(iii) In obedience to Christ’s teaching
(iv) To overcome temptations/ persecutions/ for protection
(v) To ask God for their daily needs/ blessings
(vi) In order to sustain the unity of the believers/ growth of the church
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

11. Duties of children to the elderly in traditional African Communities

(i) Respect them
(ii) Assist them with daily chores/ help
(iii) Listen to/ follow their wise counsel/ advise
(iv) Undertake errands for them/ obey
(v) Visit them
(vi) Keep them company
(vii) Feed them/ look after them/ protect
(viii) Entertain them
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
12. Reasons why oaths were administered in traditional African communities
(i) To ensure secrecy of the information known
(ii) As a binding symbol of members of the communities/ unite the parties concerned
(iii) To ensure compliance to the social norms
(iv) To deter people from telling lies
(v) To link the living with the dead/ ancestors
(vi) To prepare the parties for tasks e.g. war, leadership
(vii) To make people remain loyal to each other/ group
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
13. Occasions when seers were consulted in traditional African communities (i)
When sickness/ death occurred frequently/ bewitch
(ii) When there was disaster/ calamities catastrophes/ drought/ outbreak of disease
(iii) During marriage ceremonies
(iv) During cleansing rituals/ sacrifices
(v) Before embarking on war/ raiding expeditions
(vi) Before initiation rites took place
(vii) During pregnancy/ cases of difficult child birth/ bareness
(viii) When there were serious disputes/ dilemma/ disagreements
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

14. Factors that may hinder the traditional African practice of giving dowry
(i) Poverty/ economic hardships
(ii) Breakdown of social organization
(iii) Interference from Christian religious beliefs
(iv) Greed to parties concerned/ commercialization
(v) Intermarriage practices
(vi) Change of values/ modern education/ Western culture
(vii) Urbanization/ migration
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
15. Problems faced by Christian missionaries (i)
Inadequate finance
(ii) Poor transport system/ infrastructure
(iii) Language barriers
(iv) Diverse customs/ traditions
(v) Suspicion/ rivalry among Christians religious cults, rejection
(vi) Insecurity/ instability
(vii) Greed/ corruption/ social evils
(viii) Inadequate theological training
(ix) Failure to lead exemplary lives
(x) Negative influence of the mass media/ effects of science & technology
(xi) Hostile climate conditions- diseases

16. Ways in which unity is promoted in the church

(i) Joint prayer meetings/ worship/ fellowship
(ii) Joint crusades/ preaching/ rallies
(iii) Working together in the production of education materials (syllabus, books etc)
(iv) Provision of medical services
(v) Providing job opportunities/ employment training for Job opportunities
(vi) Taking care of the needy e.g. homes
(vii) Provision of education e.g. schools, universities
(viii) Provision of mass education e.g. civic education/ guidance and counseling
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
17. Reasons why trial marriage is condemned by the church
(i) Undermines dignity of the individual/ brings shame/ disrespect
(ii) Undermine the institution of marriages/ not proper marriage/ spoiling marriage
(iii) it is against God’s law
(iv) It can lead to diseases
(v) The children born out of such union, lack identity/ role model/ single parenthood
(vi) It is a sign of lack of commitment/ separation/ easily broken
(vii) It promotes irresponsible sexual behavior
(viii) leads to lack of trust/ honesty
(ix) can lead to abortion/ death
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
18. Ways in which drug abuse could affect a Christian family
(i) Drains family resources
(ii) Quarrels/ fight in family may occur
(iii) Leads to diseases
(iv) Leads to family break up/ separation/ divorce
(v) It reduces one’s capacity to be productive in the family
(vi) Results in making wrong decisions/ judgments
(vii) Leads to denial of conjugal rights
(viii) Leads to lose of religious values/ morals
(ix) Leads to poor role model for children
(x) Leads to crimes/ imprisonment
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
19. Reasons why Christians are opposed to deforestation
(i) It destroys God’s creation
(ii) It leads to desertification/ destruction of catchments areas
(iii) Denies the animals of the natural habitat
(iv) It is motivated by human greed/ selfishness
(v) It is against God’s command/ human beings should take care of the environment
(vi) Results in environmental pollution
(vii) Affects the source of natural/ traditional medicine
(viii) It destroys natural beauty ( flora + fauna)
(ix) Leads to soil erosion degradation
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
20. Reasons why Christians should participate in the law reform process
(i) To exercise their democratic rights/ citizenship
(ii) To ensure that just laws are enact/ avoid
(iii) To ensure that quality leadership is achieved
(iv) It is service to humanity
(v) To improve the quality of life
(vi) It is a sign of accountability
(vii) It shows a sense of unity in nation building/ collective responsibility
(viii) it leads/ helps develop the while persons
(ix) It is an opportunity to infuse Christians principles in the law e.g. freedom of worship.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIANS RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2002

1. (a) The results of sin from the genesis stories of the fall of human beings (Gen
3: 2 – 11)
(i) All human beings were to die
(ii) Their friendship with God changed to fear/ God withdrew from company
(iii) They experienced shame and guilt/ were ashamed of their nakedness
(iv) Women became subject to man
(v) Human beings would experience pain
(vi) Human beings would have to toil/ struggle in order to eat/ live
(vii) The good relationship between human beings and wild animals was destroyed/ instead
enmity between them was created
(viii) The ground was cursed because of them/ produce thorns and thistle
(ix) There was hatred among the children of Adam/ Cain murdered Abel
(x) Human beings became sinful by nature/ developed wicked thoughts
(xi) Human beings days on earth were reduced/ the lifespan was reduced to 120 years
(xii) Misunderstanding arose among human beings/ God confused their language
(xiii) The serpent was condemned to crawling/ eats dust
(xiv) The marriage relationship changed from mutual care to tension
(xv) Human beings were expelled from the Garden of Eden
(xvi) Human being/ animals/ plants were destroyed by the flood
(7 x 2 = 14 mks)

(b) How King Ahab failed to keep the covenant law ( 1 king 21)
(i) He took away/ stole Naboth’s vineyard
(ii) He allowed his wife to bear false witness against Naboth
(iii) He allowed the murder of Naboth through stoning
(iv) He oppressed the lowly
(v) He considered himself to be above the law/ equated himself with God
(vi) He covered Naboth’s Vineyard
(vii) He jailed to respect the Jews law of land ownership/ inheritance
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c) Reasons why Christians should practice forgiveness
(i) It shows love for others
(ii) It creates/ promotes peace
(iii) It is a way of winning converts
(iv) it shows obedience to Christians teachings/ commands
(v) In order to follow the example of Christ
(vi) in order to be forgiven by God
(vii) It strengthens relationship/ tolerance
(viii) It lengthens life/ promotes healthy living
( 6 mks)
2. (a) Conditions given to the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai covenant ( Ex 34)
(i) To obey what God commanded them
(ii) Not to make any treaty with those who lived in the land where they were going
(iii) To destroy their altars/ smash their sacred stones/ cut down their Asherah (iv) Not
to worship any other god
(v) Not to make idols
(vi) To keep the various feasts e.g. unleavened bread/ feast of weeks/ feast of gathering
(vii) To rest on the Sabbath day
(viii) Not to intermarry with the foreigners
(ix) To dedicate the male first born of God
( 10 mks)
(b) Significance of the transfiguration of Jesus to his disciple ( Lk 9: 28 – 36)
(i) It confirms to them that he was the son of God
(ii) It showed his glory/ holiness
(iii) It showed that he was sent by God to establish a new kingdom on earth
(iv) It proved to them that he was the fulfillment of the law/ prophecy
(v) Revealed to them that he was to die in Jerusalem
(vi) Strengthened the faith of the disciples
(vii) It taught them that they were to obey Jesus
(viii) It revealed to them that there is life after death
(ix) It revealed that Jesus was in communication with God
( 8 mks)
(c) How Christians show respect to God
(i) Set aside a day of worship
(ii)Set aside Holy places of worship
(iii) Do not mention his name anyhow
(iv) Living exemplary lives/ keeping the commandments
(v) Pray to him
(vi) Dependant on him for their needs
(vii) Give offering to him
(viii) Praise him for the wonders
(ix) Take care of the environment
(x) Look after the needy
(xi) Preaching/ teaching/ spreading his word
(xii) Worship him
(xiii) Observing Christians rituals e.g. Baptism

3. (a) How John the Baptist prepared the way for the Messiah
(i) Preached repentance
(ii) Told soldiers not to rob/ bear false witness/ be content with their wages
(iii) Encouraged people to share with the poor
(iv) Told tax- collectors not to collect what is illegal
(v) Baptized those who repented
(vi) Told them that he was not the messiah
(vii) Preached the good news
(viii) He reprimanded Herod for marrying Herodias his brother’s wife
(ix) Baptized Jesus in river Jordan
(x) Introduced Jesus as Lamb of God
(xi) Told them not to boast about being descendants of Abraham
(xii) Warned people of the coming judgment
( 6 x 2 = 12 mks)

(b) Lessons that Christians learn from the call of the first disciples of Jesus
(i) One needs to be obedient/ immediate responses required
(ii) Humility is required
(iii) Change in lifestyle is mandatory
(iv) One must have faith/ trust in Jesus
(v) There is hope for those who follow Jesus
(vi) Eternal life supersedes earthly riches
(vii) It is God who calls people to serve Him
(viii) God can choose anybody to serve him/ does not discriminate
(ix) God can call Christians from their everyday lives/ Occupations
(x) There is need for repentance / acknowledge one’s sinfulness
(xi) Miracles can happen in one’s everyday life
(xii) Christians should work together/ team work
(xiii) God reveals himself to people in everyday activities/ life situations
( 8 x 1 = 8 mks)
(c) Reasons why Christians are baptized today
(i) To identify themselves today
(ii) Through baptism they receive the power of the Holy Spirit
(iii) It enables one to become a member of the church
(iv) It is a symbol of death and resurrection
(v) In some churches at baptism Christians get new name/ emulate the qualities of the
Saints
(vi) Water in baptism symbolized the washing away of sins
(vii) In accordance to Christ’s teachings/ church tradition
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

4. (a) Factors that led to the spread of Christianity in the apostolic age
(i) Persecution of Christians
(ii) They were led/guided by the Holy Spirit
(iii) Good Communication/ Infrastructure
(iv) Common language/ Greek
(v) There was peace in the Roma empire
(vi) The Jews in the Diaspora/ dispersion, welcomed the early disciples
(vii) Good system of government with just laws
(viii) Dual citizenship of Paul
(ix) Paul’s strong religious background in the Old Testament which was the basis for the
new testament
(x) Paul’s occupation which was a source of income / inspiration to others
(xi) Paul’s celibate status enabled him to be fully committed to the preaching of the gospel
(xii) The miracles/ wonders strengthened the disciples/ new converts faith
(xiii) The great number of converts inspired the others to join the new faith
(xiv) They were empowered by the Holy Spirit

(b) Ways in which the celebration of the Lord ’s Supper was misused at Corinth
(i) They ignored the significance of the feast taken as on ordinary meal
(ii) It led to drunkenness/ disorder less
(iii) It did not unite believers/ created divisions in the church
(iv) It led to the oppression of the poor Christians/ rich showed off
(v) They took it when they were unworthy/ profaned it
(vi) They did not seek God’s blessings/ give thanks

(c) Reasons why Christians take part in the Holy Communion

(i) Reminds them of the death and resurrection of Jesus
(ii) Proclaim the death and resurrection of Christ until he comes
(iii) Unites the believers
(iv) Helps them to rededicate themselves/ confess/ pray
(v) Reminds them to God’s love humanity/ strengthen their faith
(vi) It is a thanksgiving for God’s saving act
(vii) It symbolizes the body and blood of Jesus
(viii) It is a foretaste of the second coming of Christ
(ix) It is a sign of purity of the believers of Christ
(x) in Obedience to Jesus commands
(xi) It is a sign of the new covenant sealed in the blood of Christ

5. (a) Reasons for singing during the initiation ceremonies in traditional African
communities
(i) To remind the participants of their past history
(ii) To provide socialization opportunity for participants
(iii) Divert the initiates minds from the impending pain
(iv) Teach/ remind the participants important moral values
(v) Teach the participants important moral values
(vi) Teach the participants gender relations/ roles
(vii) Imbue the initiates with courage in order to face the challenge
(viii) To exercise parts of the body / dance
(ix) Welcome the initiates joyously into full membership of the community
(x) Provides an opportunity for promotion of talents
(xi) To ask for blessings for the initiates with the ancestors by invoking their names
(xii) To condemn evil in society
(xiv) To announce the season/ occasion for the initiates
(xv) To distinguish/ advertise/ identify the initiates
(xvi) To entertain the participants

(b) How initiates were prepared for adult life in traditional African communities
(i) They were made to endure pain in order to develop perseverance
(ii) Assigned duties similar to those to be performed in adult life
(iii) Given specific instructions to help them develop obedience/ compliance/ understanding
(iv) Exposed to hardship in order to develop coping mechanism
(v) Told moral stories to help them develop deductive thinking
(vi) Punished for disobedience to learn about consequences of acts/ reward of courage
(vii) Made to share belongings to teach them communalism
(viii) Taught the history of the community to help them trace/ know their ancestry
(ix) Grouped into age- sets/ groups to help them develop collective responsibility/ attitude/
skills
(x) Lived in seclusion in order to develop independence/ self awareness
(xi) They were taught gender roles/ responsibilities
(c) Reasons for practicing initiation rites today
(i) To uphold traditional values and customs/ culture (ii)
To provide an occupation for initiators/ surgeons
(iii) In order to please/ appease ancestral spirits
(iv) To ensure acceptability by those who have undergone the initiation rites/ create a sense
of belonging
(v) To prepare one for marriage
(vi) To promote African languages through song/ dance
(vii) To create a new age- set
(viii) In order to raise one’s social status
(ix) Provide an opportunity for leadership
(x) In order to enable one to inherit property

6. (a) Steps the church is taking to reduce lawlessness in Kenya

(i) Church members obey the laws of the country
(ii) Educating people on civic rights
(iii) Participating in law processes/ constitutional reform
(iv) Condemning evil practices in the society/ preaching against evil
(v) Teaching church members responsible parenthood/ citizenship/ morality
(vi) Disciplining deviant member of the church
(vii) Rehabilitating law breakers
(viii) Providing material assistance to the needy
(ix) Praying for peace/ love to prevail
(x) Providing guidance and counseling services
(xi) Participating in National functions as a sign of unity/ solidarity
(xii) Paying taxes to support activities of the state
(xiii) Initiating development projects/ provide vocational training
(xiv) Providing job opportunities

(b) ways in which sex is abused in Kenya

(i) Sex before marriage/fornication
(ii) Sex outside marriage/ adultery
(iii) Prostitution
(iv) Homo sexuality/ Lesbianism/ Sodom/ Oral sex
(v) Pornographic literature/ mass media of technological devices in sex
(vi) Bestiality
(vii) Masturbation
(viii) Incest
(ix) Rape/ paedophilia ( defilement of underage)
(c) Problems faced by a family living with a person suffering from AIDS
(i) Social stigma/ suffers isolation
(ii) Economic crises due to high rate of opportunistic diseases
(iii) Poverty due to care/ medication
(iv) Suffers depression as they watch their person wear off
(v) They condemn/ judge the person as a sinner
(vi) They have to exercise high hygiene standards to ensure safety of other members
(vii) Suffers a drawback in their occupation as most time is spent caring for the patient
(viii) Struggle a lot to provide the required diet for proper maintenance
(ix) Pretend to show love though they suffer bitterness inside themselves
(x) Quarrels/ misunderstanding within the family
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2/ 2003

1. The animals used in the covenant between God and Abraham,. Genesis 15.9
(i) A ram
(ii) A she- goat
(iii) A heifer
(iv) A pigeon
(v) A turtle dove
2. Demonstration of God’s power in the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt to
the promised land
(i) Through the nine plagues in Egypt
(ii) The Killing of the Egyptians first borns ( Passover
(iii) The crossing of the red sea
(iv) The drowning of the Egyptians in the Red Sea
(v) Provision of food ( manna and quails)
(vi) Provision of water from the rock
(vii) The crossing of river Jordan
(viii) Israelites victory over their enemies
(ix) The miraculous healing from the snake bites
(x) Empowering Moses to perform miracles
(xi) The Pillar of Fire/ cloud/ thunder/ earthquake
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

3. Types of leaders whom God gave his power in the Old Testament
(i) Priests/ Levites
(ii) Prophets/ prophetesses/ seers
(iii) Judges
(iv) Kings
(v) Warriors
(vi) Patriarchs
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

4. Names given to the Messiah by prophet Isaiah

(i) Wonderful counselor
(ii) Mighty God
(iii) Everlasting/ eternal father
(iv) Prince of peace
(v) Just and righteous ruler
(vi) Suffering servant/ servant of Yahweh
(vii) Emmanuel God with us
(viii) A short of the stump of Jesse
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

5. Similarities in the announcing of the birth of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ
(i) The angel Gabriel brought the message
(ii) Mary and Zechariah were afraid
(iii) They doubted the possibility of the angles message
(iv) The angel gave the names of the children to be born
(v) The angel specified the children mission
(vi) The mothers had never had children before
(vii) Mary and Zechariah were given signs to confirm the messages
(viii) The children were to be male
(ix) The children were to be conceived through the power of God/ God’s Intervention
(x) Mary and Zechariah were fighters
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

6. Occasions when Jesus was tempted

(i) In the wilderness just before he began his ministry
(ii) In the garden of Gethsemane
(iii) During the transfiguration when Peter wanted to build a tent so that they
would stay on the mountain
(iv) When Peter objected to his suffering and death
(v) At his crucifixion when he was asked to save himself
(vi) When he was asked to prove that he was the Messiah / son of God in his
home town
(vii) When they wanted to make him king after feeding the five thousand
(viii) When the sons of Zebedee asked him to destroy the inhospitable
Samaritans
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

7. Lessons Christians learn about Jesus from miracles of healing

(i) Jesus has concern for the sick
(ii) Jesus has power to heal/ power over evil spirits
(iii) Jesus required faith for one to be healed
(iv) Jesus heals all people, he doesn’t discriminate
(v) Jesus accepts other people’s intervention/ intercessors
(vi) Jesus forgives sins
(vii) Jesus heals both the spiritual and physical
(viii) Jesus expects those healed to be grateful
(ix) Jesus is son of God/ Messiah
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

8. Parables used by Jesus to teach about the kingdom of God The parable of the:
(i) Sower
(ii) Prodigal son/ lost sheep/ lost coin
(iii) Yeast
(iv) Mustard seed
(v) Hidden treasure
(vi) Wheat and tare
(vii) Patch and wine skins
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

9. Powers of the Holy Spirit in the early church

(i) Prophesy
(ii) Exposed Annanias and Saphira
(ii) Inspired people to praise God/ worship
(iii) Gave people power to perform miracles/ heal
(iv) Provided guidance/ wisdom
(v) Empowered people to perseverance/ provided comfort
(vi) Led people in prayer
(vii) Strengthened people to preach/ spread the good news
(viii) Made people to understand their relationship with God/ the mission of Jesus
(ix) Enabled Christians to live in unity
(x) Brought love/ peace and joy
(xi) Strengthen the faith of Christians
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

10. Leadership qualities shown by Peter the Apostle on the day of Pentecost
(i) Courage
(ii) Wisdom/ understanding
(iii) Principled/ decision making/ Adviser/ counselors
(iv) Ability to protect and defend his colleagues
(v) He was focused/ had a goal/ commitment
(vi) He knew the scriptures
(vii) God fearing/ had faith in God
(viii) Eloquent speaker
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
11. Religious practices of the early Christian community
(i) praying/ fasting/ celebration of feast
(ii) Breaking of bread
(iii) Baptism
(iv) Singing/ praising
(v) Reading the word/ preaching
(vi) Sharing possessions
(vii) Having fellowship
(viii) Laying of hands/ healing/ blessing
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

12. Traditional African customs Condemned by early Christian Missionaries in

Kenya
(i) Initiation ceremonies/ rituals
(ii) Polygamy/ Bigamy/ polyandry/ wife inheritance
(iii) Killing twins
(iv) Songs and dances/ music
(v) Beer taking
(vi) Use of herbal medicine
(vii) Ways of worship/ practice
(viii) Ways of dressing
(ix) Consulting African specialist
(x) African superstitions/ belief/ witchcraft
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

13. Teaching about God from the traditional African myths of creation
(i) God’s is the creator/ giver of life
(ii) He is orderly
(iii) He is powerful/ mighty
(iv) He is a provider/ caring / loving
(v) He is everywhere/omnipresent
(vi) He is eternal/ everlasting
(vii) He is all knowing/ omniscient
(viii) He is mysterious/ transcendent
(ix) He is a just God
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
14. Occasions when sacrifices were offered in traditional African Communities
(i) during marriage
(ii) During initiation
(iii) During burial rites
(iv) At times of calamities
(v) When settling disputes
(vi) Naming ceremonies
(vii) In sickness
(viii) Times of war
(ix) When a baby is born
(x) When a taboo is broken
(xi) Installation of leaders
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

15. Roles of elders in traditional African Communities

(i) Preside over religious ceremonies
(ii) Judging cases
(iii) Punishing/ fining the offenders
(iv) Praying for the community
(v) Overseeing the sharing of community wealth/ property etc
(vi) Mediating between God and people/ ancestors/ spirits
(vii) Advises and guides the community
(viii) Formulating laws governing the community/ ensuring laws are kept
(ix) Facilitating reconciliation
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

16. Importance of children in traditional African communities

(i) For social status/ prestige
(ii) They are a source of labour
(iii) A source of wealth
(iv) For remembrance of dead relatives
(v) For continuation of perpetual of life
(vi) To complete the marriage bond/ blessing in marriage
(vii) To strengthen the marriage relationship
(viii) To offer security in old age/ provide for old parents/ bury
(ix) To protect the community against invasion
(x) To inherit power of property (5 x 1 = 5 mks)
17. Christian teaching on human sexuality
(i) God created both male and female
 (ii) Male and female complement each other
(iii) Male and female have distinctive role in creation
(iv) Both share the image of God
(v) The union of male and female is consummated in marriage
(vi) Male and female should live in harmony / should respect each other
(vii) Procreate/ fulfill God’s command to multiply
(viii) Sexual deviation is condemned ( homosexuality, lesbianism, bestiality,
adultery, sadomy, e.t.c
(ix) Male and female should respect each other in regard each to his ability
(x) Sex is sacred
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

18. Ways of overcoming drug taking

(i) Practicing abstinence/ self-control (ii) Praying against being tempted
(iii) seeking guidance and counseling
(iv) Avoiding the company of those who misuse/ emulating role models
(v) Reading literature on the correct use of drugs following the medical Instructions
(vi) referring to biblical teachings on the use of drugs
(vii) Participating in activities that promote use of drugs/ healthy activities
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

19. Reasons why Christians take up insurance policies

(i) It is a saving/ form of investment
(ii) To provide security against risks( disability, death, theft, sickness etc)
(iii) It can assist one to get a loan
(iv) To fulfill legal requirements/ moral obligations
(v) For the beneficiaries to inherit
(vi) For use in old age/ after retirement
(vii) To generate revenue/ income/ create employment
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

20. Ways of showing respect to the state

(i) Praying for the nation/ leaders
(ii) Observing national days e.g. Madaraka day
(iii) Obeying the laws of the country
(iv) Paying taxes
(v) Working together on state matters
(vi) Participating in elections/ voting
(vii) Alleviating poverty
(viii) Contributing to harambees
(ix) Respecting the flag
(x) Promoting peace
(5x 1 = 5 mks)
 C.R.E PAPER 2, 2003 MARKING SCHEME

1. State the responsibilities given to human beings by God in God genesis chapter
1 and 2
- To cultivate and garden and guard it
- To procreate and have children
- To be in charge of fish, the birds and the animals, rule over God’s creation
- To rule the rest of creation, to care, to conserve and preserve the
environment
- To obey God and his commands
- To get married for companionship

(b) Outline the reasons Christians learn about work from the Genesis
stories creation
- Work was ordained by God
- Work makes human beings complete achievements, self- realization and self-
fulfillment
- Christians learns that work is to be done for 6 days and rest on the seventh
day, as God did not create
- Christians learns that one has to work to provide for his/ her family needs, be
self reliant
- Work was introduced to man as a punishment of their sin at the Garden of
Eden
- They learn to work to contribute to the development of the community
- Christians learn that they should obey God’s command of sub-doing and
conquering the earth and becoming co- workers
- Work is a way of continuing the creation activity of God
- Christians learn that work keeps them away from idle life which may lead to
sin

(c) How can Christians care for God’s creation today?

- All creation is very good, human beings should treat the rest of the creation
with respect and severance
- Christians should preserve, conserve and donate to the environment
- Christians can care for god’s creation like wild animals by building game
reserve
- Christians contribute to the scientific discovery of medicine to wild animal
diseases by providing money donations to such institution
- Christians can care for God’s creation by standing to condone over cutting of
vegetation i.e. deforestation
 - Christians should come together and join hands on controlling soil erosion
e.g. gulf erosion

2. (a) With reference to the Old testament, outline the characteristic of a true
Prophet
- A true prophet must have been called by God himself as Elijah
- Their prediction were to proclaim punishment and rewards to individual
and to the whole nation
- Their prophesy should threaten the unpleasant happenings i.e. Amos
predicted that if the Israelites did not repent then they would be sent on exile
- The prophets should uphold the unique worship of the true God against other
gods as Elijah killed the 250 false prophets
- Their teachings had to agree with Yahwestic doctrine on God’s kingdom

(b) Identify the evils that prophet Jeremiah condemned

- He condemned prostitution
- He condemned tribalism
- Corrupt and murder
- Robbery and murder
- Exploitation of the poor
- In justice denied to the poor
- Selling of goods unfit for human consumption to the poor
- Selling into slavery those who could not pay their debts
- The oppression of the poor and the weak
- Taking of bribes mostly in courts
- Cheating in business by use of false scale

(c) How should a Christian react to bribery

- He should not accept the bribe
- He should condemn the act of bribing
- He should pray for God’s guidance
- He should advice the person not to depend on bribing

3. (a) Relate the history of the feeding of the thousand in Mk 6: 30- 44 to recall of
the old testament prophets about the messiah banquet.
- Not to be anxious about material and physical needs
- Jesus is the power of life
- Jesus had power over nature
- God cares for man physically, spiritually and materially
- Christians should show concern over others needs
 - With prayer everything is possible
- Christians should seek the imperishable food, i.e. the word of God

(b) How did the resurrected Christ reveal himself to his followers
- He appeared to the disciples in a room when Thomas was not there
- Jesus appeared to the woman in the garden (Magdalene, Joarna, Mary the
mother of Jesus and other women in John 20:1
- He appeared to Simon Peter and other disciple when they were fishing at the
sea of Tuberous ( John 21: 1-4)
- He appeared to Peter (Lk 24: 34)
- He revealed himself to the two disciples on the road to Emmaus ( Lk 24: 13-
24)
- He appeared to the eleven disciples when Thomas was with them
- He revealed himself to the two disciples when Thomas was with them
- He revealed himself to Thomas by allowing him to feel the scars in Jesus
hands
- He appeared to Mary Magdalene
- He shared a meal with the disciples after his resurrection

(c) Give a reason why some people find it difficult to accept Jesus Christ
- They lack faith
- Due to ignorance about the teaching of the bible
- Since it has not been scientifically proved
- They believe on the resurrection since the message was brought by women
who were disputed in the society
- Since other men of God e.g. priest commit sin e.g. misusing church funds

4. Give reasons why pre- marital pregnancies were rare in traditional African
communities
- sexual education was given to the youth
- Girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished
- Sex before marriage was prohibited
- Parents were held responsible for daughter conduct
- During social occasions such as dances, youths were supported so that they
did no misbehave
- There was physical separation of sexes boys and girls lived separately
- There were taboos, rules and regulations on sex relationship
- There was act of early marriage
- The whole community was concerned about the morale fibre
- The youths made aware of the consequences of irresponsible sex
 - Pregnant girls were forced to marry old man in the community
- The man who was responsible for the pregnancy was forced to marry the girl
(b) State the causes of prostitution in Kenya today
- When sexual demand is not met in marriage relationship
- Peer group influence and pressure
- Separation dues to employment or divorce may cause prostitution to the
affected as he may need company for sexual relation.
- Pornographic literature and films makes others to indulge in the evil
- Lack of income to earn a living
- Employment – some women leave their rural homes to search for jobs and if
they fail are forced to result to prostitution
- Extreme poverty to an individual

5. (a) What is the role of midwife in traditional African Communities

- They helped pregnant women in delivery service
- The midwife took care of the weak mother and the child
- They gave advice to the parents of the mother on ways of bringing up the
Child.

b) With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teaching of
Jesus on responsibility to others.
Help the needy
Use wealth to others
Share resources with others
Remember God when alive
Glorify God using owns wealth.
c) How did the believers in early Church take care of the needy?
Took care of the poor/needy /widowers by giving them food/other provisions and share.
They held everything in common and distributed it according to individuals needs.
They prayed for the needy on salvation
They collected money and sent to the Jews that were at Jerusalem
They accepted others in their home like those who were in need
They counseled the needy on their problem
Showed concern/ sympathy to those with illness by healing them.
Visited and welcomed those who were released from the prison into their homes They
showed love to them.
d) Identify ways in which the youth participate in the church in Kenya today.
They participate in bible reading
They take part in singing as choir members
They help in collection of tithe
 They help in distribution of invitation letters for an occasion
The youths help in cleaning the church and its facilities before members come for
prayers
Helping the church in holding campaign e.g. HIV campaign.
They engage in church crusade and distributing poster crusades. Holding
the church crusade and distributing poster crusades.

6. Explain the effects of the transmission of the Bible into African languages in
Kenya.
It enlightens the Africans
The Africans were able to follow the scripture better and the led to more churches
There was desire for education more Africans showed interest in education
Christianity spread faster as more Africans were able to read the Bible on their own.
Greater understanding was created between the missionaries and the African making
life easier for both.
Africans took partnership positions from the missionaries.
It has contributed to the spirit of ecumenism, several denominations work together
there own.
Christianity became a more active religion as the Africans participated more.
The elementary reading and writing taught to catechism that the modern education
system developed in Kenya
The transmission increased African participate in Christianity rather religion
missionaries, Africans were able to read and understand the inner meaning of bible
doctrines for much more than when the bible was a foreign language.

b) Give reasons why Christians use the bible in worship

It instruct new converts
They used it as a basic reference book in general dissemination/search for knowledge.
They use to derive Christian hymns e.g Psalms Benedicts.
The Christians use the bible to back their teachings/messages.
They used bible in order to make oath/promises.
They worship with references from the bible in order to keep proper boundary not out
of the word of god

c) Why is the church in Kenya opposed to genetic engineering?

It is against the teaching of God
It interferes with procreation
It may produce race which is undesirable
It makes man compete with God
It hinders God’s plan (like marriage)
 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 12004
MARKING SCHEME
1.
He had killed an Egyptian
The Pharaoh had wanted to kill him/feared for his life/wanted murderer
He feared that the Israelites would not believe that god has sent him
He was not an eloquent speaker/stammer
He feared that the Israelites would not accept him as their leader
He lacked identity/confidence/courage/a nobody
He did not have enough knowledge about Yahweh/did not have faith in God.
He was already settled in Median and had a family/content with his life.
5x1=5mks
2
Honour your father and mother
You shall not kill
You shall not steal
You shall not commit adultery
You shall not bear false witness against your neighnour
You shall not covet your neighbor’s house, wife, servant, property or anything that is
his.
5x1=5mks
3
There was polytheism/the people worshipped many gods
There were human sacrifices
There were animal sacrifices and offerings
Priests, /prophetesses presided over all the religious matters The
people observed festivals in honour of the gods and goddesses
Shrines, altars and temples were built for the worship of the gods.
Rituals were performed in honour of their gods.
5x1=5mks
4.
Locust
Fire
The Plumb line
A basket of fruits
The lord standing at altar/God’s judgment on Israel
5x1=5mks
5.
Jesus was to be great
Jesus will be the son of God
 Jesus was to rule over the house of Jacob
Jesus was to be given the throne of David
Jesus would have an everlasting kingdom
He was to be conceived through the power of the Holy spirit
He would be a holy child
5x1=5mks

6.
Humility
Love/ care/ compassion/ mercifulness
Faithfulness
Courage/ bravery
Respect
Kindness/ generosity
Confidence Responsibility
7.
It is hidden/ secret/ discovered
It is precious/ valuable
It is worth a sacrificing for/ self denial
It should be a priority/ given preference over everything else
It brings joy when found/ happiness
It is worth search for
8.
He talked to the disciples about his death
He allowed them to witness the transfiguration which was a pointer to the death
He accepted to be anointed by a sinful woman
He had a last meal with them
He told them of a betrayal among them
Talked of his resurrection
He told Peter that he would deny him
He asked the disciples to pray with him in the garden of Gethsemane/ prayed for
them/ pray for him
Promised a helper/ holy spirit
Appointed Peter as the leader to take over from him
He demonstrated to them humility by washing their feet
Instructed them to prepare themselves for the future
5 x 1 = 5 mks
9.
Through visions
Through dreams
Through the works of the Holy Spirit/ gifts of holy spirit/ prophecy through work of
miracles
Through miracles, wonders, signs ( release of Paul, Peter)
Through apostolic teaching/ evangelization
Through scriptures/ Bible/ Holy book
Through angles
Election of apostle/ deacons/ laying of hands
Growth of the church ( king Constantine)
The faith of people endurances during persecution Stephen/ Perpetua
(5x 1 = 5 mks)
10.
It was a demonstration of unity of the body of Christ
As a sign of love among the believers
It was a tradition started during the Passover/ Lord’s supper – commemoration
It was a way of catering for the needy people
It was a way of evangelizing/ spreading the gospel/ worship together
In order to enhance equality of believers- common pool
In readiness of Jesus 2nd coming
In order to provide an opportunity for fellowshipping/ strengthen their faith
Sign of obedience to Jesus/ community to be generous/ emulate Jesus way of life/
sharing/ generosity.

11.
Thanksgiving for the new child
As a sign of acceptance/ full member
Gives identity to the child/ sense of belonging
As a way of remembering important event in society
For blessing the child
Welcoming the baby to the community
Security of the child/ brought peace to the child/ appease ancestors
Showing the relationship/ link between the living and the dead
Brings unity among the people as they come together
Provides an opportunity to teach the culture to the youth
As a sign of continuity of society
As sign of remembrance/ honor of ancestors
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
 12.
Through making peace agreement/ treaties
Returning what had been taken/ stolen
Sharing of meals/ bear parties
Sacrificing to appease the ancestors/ seeking guidance, intervention/ opinion among
the community
Encouraging marriage between the children of the warring parties
Sending emissaries/ mediators between the parties/ elders/ chiefs to arbitrate Taking
reconciliatory oaths
Paying a fine/ compensation/ punishment/ migration ( any punitive measures)
Shaking of hands/ initiating dialogue/ seeking apology forgiveness.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
13.
Healers/ medicine men/ herbalists
Priests
Blacksmiths
Rainmakers
Elders/ kings
Diviners
Prophets/ seers
Circumcisers
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
14.
To protect/ care for the living / provide for their needs
Act as mediators link the living to the spiritual world God
They give instructions/ guide/ direct the living/ maintaining the law and order
They bless the living/ empowering the living
They warn about the impending danger/ calamity
They give identity to individuals/ community/ legacy
They punish the living
They participated into community ceremonies/ rituals
Welcomed the dead into the spiritual world
15.
The United Methodist Mission
The Church Missionary Society ( CMS) Friends
African Mission (quakers)
The church of Scotland mission ( CMS)
The Lutheran church
Pentecostal Assembles of God
The gospel Missionary Society
 Seventh Day Adventists ( SDA)
Church of God
16.
They taught the other converts how to read the bible
They helped the missionaries to translate the bible into other languages
They accepted/ practiced Christian Monogamous marriage
They abandoned some traditional ritual ceremonies
Their new lifestyles attracted other African to them Christianity ( role model)
They preached the gospel in their home areas and beyond
They established smaller meeting places in the interior
They were used as interpreters by the missionaries
They organized fellowship/ worship in areas where the missionaries could not reach
They provided security.
17.
Hours of work
Education/ training of employee/ qualification/ skills
Experience of employee/ competence
Value of work
Needs of the employee/ state of the economy of the country/ standard of living
Dangers/ risks of the job to be done/ nature of work/ type of work
The returns/ profits of the work
The ability to pay/ sustainability
The amount of work to be done / volume
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
18.
Accepting/ welcoming them as members of the church
Involving them in church activities like choir
Preaching to them
Visiting them
Building homes where the rejected can stay/ rehabilitation centers
Providing guidance and counseling for them
Appealing/ asking their family members to accept them
Providing them with materials supplies/ funds
Providing them with jobs/ employ them/ giving self income generating projects
Providing them with training/ skills for self- reliance carpentry tailoring, masonry
etc
Praying them or for them/ intercede on their behalf
Providing recreation activities to engage them / cut down on idleness (5 x 1= 5
mks)
19.
 People are able to carry out abortions which lead to death of unborn/ risk the
mother’s life mercy killing euthanisa
Cloning/ test tube babies undermine human sexuality
Machine. Fertilizer pollute the environment thus endangering the lives of human
beings/ any forms of pollutions
Information derived from pornographic literature video films cyber cafes/ tapes
radio pollute the minds
Vasectomy, tubal legation undermines God’s purpose for protection
Weapons of mass destructions lead to loss of life
Human being have been rendered jobless due to modern science and technology/
unemployment
Accidents caused by machines lead to loss of life/ vehicles
Deforestation leads to depletion of trees/ soil erosion/ lowers food production/
hunger
Organ transplant/ plastic surgery undermines God’s creation Drug
abuse/ substance abuse
20.
Teaching them about reproductive health
Preaching sermons on God’s design for marriage
Encouraging chastity/ abstinence before marriage
Having guidance and counseling before marriage
Organizing seminars/ workshops/ retreats where topics on marriage are discussed
Participating in joint church activities
Christian leaders living exemplary lives that can be emulated
Encouraging responsible/ positive relationship among sexes
Training them to take up responsibility in life ( prepare for married life) Encourage
the youth to seek God’s guidance through prayer / praying for them.
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 2004
MARKING SCHEME
1.(a)
He challenged Goliath/ killed him using a stone and sling
He accepted to be anointed by Samuel to be King after Saul
He repented after he had killed Uriah/ taking Uriah’s wife
He consulted God/ prophets before he did anything
He bought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem/ and it a religious centre
He wanted to built a temple for god /assemble building materials from
Lebanon
He obeyed god’s instructions through prophet Nathan
He attributed all his success god /made praises god/composed psalms
 He accepted god’s punishment for his sins
He made sacrifices to god
He advised his son Solomon to obey God’s laws/ commands in order to
succeed as a king
He fasted/ prayed/ he called himself a servant of God

(b)
God is powerful
God is moral / righteous/ good
God punishes evil/ sin
God is holy
God is defender of the defenseless
God protects/ saves his people
God provides for his people
God is faithful
God answers prayers
God is kind merciful/ forgiving
God is loving/ caring

(c)
Embezzling funds/ greed/ stealing
Misappropriating funds
Employment their relative/ nepotism
Discriminating/ oppressing poor/ needy/ judging people wrongly
Imposing their ideas on their congregation/ dictating their idea/ engaging in
politics
Practicing sexual immoral
Misusing spiritual gifts/ false teaching
Showing off/ pride/ arrogant
Taking revenge

2. (a)
Jesus was walking with disciples when they saw a man born blind
The disciples asked him who had sinned ( the parents or the man)
Jesus answered/ said that the man’s blindness had nothing to do with his sins/
parents sins/ that God works might be seen
Jesus said that he had to do the work of the father as long as it was day
He said he was the light of world
He spat on the ground, made clay of the spittle and anointed the man’s eyes
He told him to go and wash in the pool of Siloam
 The man went, washed and came back seeing
The neighbours who knew him wondered whether he was the man who used to
beg
When they asked him, he said he was
They asked him how he started seeing
He told him how Jesus had healed him
They asked him where Jesus was
He said he did not know
They took him to the Pharisees because Jesus had healed him on the Sabbath

(b)
It should be done in secret
Prayer should be short/ specific/ direct
It should be addressed to God/ Honour God
People should pray persistently / without ceasing
Make your requests through prayers
Confess sins through prayer
Pray with humility / be humble
Have faith when praying/ trust
Forgive others before praying
God answers prayers

(c)
Lack of faith/ trust
Tiredness/ laziness
Lack of time / busy schedules
Frustrations/ bitterness/ problems
Ridicule/ discouragement from others
Sinful living/ lack of conscience
Unanswered prayers
Lack of knowledge in scriptures
Fear of the people/ congregation
Too much wealth/ poverty/ education
Poor roles models
Lack of training/ experience

3. (a)
The holy spirit is a counselor/ helper
He comforts
 He teaches
He guides
He judges/ convicts the world
He is the spirit of truth
He is a companion
He strengthens
He empowers
He reminds/ convinces people on righteousness
He glories Jesus Christ
He reveals the things of God/ reveals things to come

(b)
People did not believe that he was an apostle/ his conversion
His message was rejected
He was beaten/ stoned
He was imprisoned
He was deserted by close friends/ mark/ barnabarbas
Some of the believers were backsliding
There was competition from other preachers ( apostles)
There was lack of money/ finance
There were plots to kill him
Influences of other religious/ cultural/ ideologies/ practices
He was persecuted/ oppressed
He was ship wrecked

(c)
Be ready to serve God/ people
One should be ready to forgive
Christians should have faith in God
They should endure persecution
They should be wise/ knowledgeable
They should be ready to witness for Christ
They should be prayerful
They should be of good repute/ exemplary
They should be ready to condemn evil

4. (a)
Gives one time to visit the sick/ needy
For dedicating oneself to God/ worship God
 Provides an opportunity for fellowship with others
It allows one to develop the different talents given by God
It gives one an opportunity to meet new friends/ family
One is able to read the word of God
Provides an opportunity for one to preach/ evangelize
Provides an opportunity to guide/ counsel others/ one another/ be guide
Provides time to rest/ rejuvenate/ to regain lost energy
Provides one with opportunity to take care of the environment

(b)
Too much money/ wealth/ availability of drugs/ contraceptives
Lack of inadequate facilities
Lack of proper guidance/ education on how to use leisure
Poverty
Inability to select/ make the right decision
Bad company/ peer pressure
Watching/ reading pornographic materials/ negative media
Misunderstanding in families/ frustrations
Inability to balance between different activities
Permissiveness
Lack of role models
Idleness/ boredom/ unemployment
8 x 1 = 8 mks)

(c)
The church has moral responsibility/ duty to correct evil in society
It is a way of emulating Jesus Christ/ imitating
It is against God’s teachings / laws
To ensure fair distribution of human/ natural resources
In order to uplift human dignity / human rights
So as to create peace/ harmony/ unity in society
To promote national development
To guard against God’s judgment upon the nation

5.(a)
A relative/ mediator/ identifies a girl from a family and suggests to the family of the
young man
Parents make the decision for children when still young
Parents of the boy the parents of a girl to ask for her hand in marriage
 The young people could court and choose who to marry
The first wife chooses a girl for her husband
The young man and his age- mates waylay a girl and take away for marriage
Bride- process could be paid to a family well in advance
A young girl can be given as gift to another family
Some exchange the girls from the two families
One could inherit a brother’s wife
A yough girl could be given as a way of setting a dispute/ replace one who had died/
setting debts

(b)
Marriage is permanent/ highly valued
There is investigation concerning the families to be involved in the
marriages/courtship allowed in some communities
Many people are involved in marriage negations
The wife belongs to both the husband and the wider community
Payment of dowry/ getting children seal the marriage
Elaborate marriage procedures/ ritual make it difficult for one to divorce
Fear of paying fines/ returning bride wealth in case of divorce/ lose of dignity
Marriage disputes are handled by the parents/ elders
In case of bareness / impotence an alternative is sought e.g. polygamy
Boys/ girls are taught about sex/ family life
Gender roles are clearly observed

(c)
Loss of parental love/ guidance
Can lead to abuse of drugs
They can suffer emotional imbalance
Can lead to school dropout/ truancy
Children run away from home/ could become street children
Can lead to child abuse/ labour
Many engage in prostitution/ crime to provide for themselves ( criminals)
Lead to disease/ death

6. (a)
There were leadership conflicts in the church
The missionaries dominated the church leadership
African protested against control of the local churches by mother churches in
( Europe/ America)
There was the desire to share prestige enjoyed by the missionaries
 There was varied interpretations of the bible
Doctrinal differences caused confusion to the Africans
There arose the need to in- corporate African culture/ practices in the churches
Some African leaders claimed to have received revelations/ instruction from
God to start churches
The success of the newly formed independent churches resulted in the
formation of more churches
Influences from the first/ second world war aroused nationalistic feelings.
The Africans were educated/ learned/ had leadership skills

(b)
It is against God’s teaching
It was a form of idol worship
Sacrifices were offered during the oathing ceremonies and yet Christ was the
last sacrifice
Some of the rituals accompanying the oathing were against Christian teaching/
dehumanizing ( barbaric/ primitive)
Most oaths involved the shedding of blood/ killings
Oathing emphasized collective responsibility
Oathing bound the people to the ancestors/ spirits
Oathing created divisions in the society/ family
Oathing bound the participants who eventually formed cults
It was full of secrecy/ instilled fear
Practices related to oathing were unhygienic

(c)
To praise God/ worship/ adore
To relax entertainment/ release tension
To strengthen the believer’s faith
To express feelings/ petition God
To impart spiritual teachings
To develop/ recognize talents
To involve the congregation/ keeping members alerts
It is in line with biblical teachings/ command
To attract more members in the church
 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 313/ 1 2005
1. Name the five books of the bible which are referred to as the Pentateuch
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
( 5 x 1= 5 marks)

2. Write down five teachings about marriage from the biblical stories of creation
Marriage is monogamous
Marriage is between a man and a woman
It is a permanent union/ no divorce / covenant
Marriage is for procreation
It is a continuation of God’s work of creation
Husband and wife should not be ashamed of each other
Man and woman are to complement each other/ help each other
Marriage is for companionship
Marriage is for love
Marriage is sacred/ ordained by God/ holy
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

3. Give five reasons why the temple in Jerusalem was important to the Israelite
It was a place of worship
It signified the pressure of God
Sacrifices were offered there
It united the Jews
It was a business centre/ trade
It housed the treasures of the nation
It was an academic centre for the teachers of the law/ rabbis It
was a residence for priests

4. State five qualities of God from the teaching of Prophet Hosea

Just
Forgiving/ compassionate
Patient/ tolerant
Loving
Saviour
Powerful
 Everlasting
Guide
( 5 x 1) = 5 mks)

5. Give five reasons why Jesus was baptized

To identify himself with sinners
To be identified by John
To be introduced to the crowd as the messiah
To fulfill all righteousness
It symbolized his death and resurrection
To show that he was ready to start his work
To acknowledge the work of John the Baptist as his forerunner

6. State five reasons why Jesus healed the sick

To demonstrate God’s love for human beings
To take away their pain/ suffering
People believed in his healing power/ people had faith in him
To show that physical healing sometimes symbolized spiritual healing
As a way of destroying the work of Satan
To glorify God/ show God’s power
To fulfill old testament prophesies

7. List five teachings about kingdom of God from the parable of the year and the
mustard seed
It grows/ keeps on expanding
It is hidden/ mysterious/ secret
It is powerful
It is universal

8. Give five reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have the last supper with his
disciple
He wanted to inform them of his coming death
He wanted to identify his betrayer
To establish the institution of the Holy communion/ supper
To bestow authority to the disciples
To share the last meal with them
To show that the bread and wine symbolized his body and blood
respectively
To institute the new covenant
To identify Peter as the leader
 To warn them about coming persecution after his departure

9. Identify five factors that enabled Paul tow in converts among the Gentiles
He was a Roman citizen
His occupation as a tentmaker was not a burden
He was well versed in religious/ legal matters
He was unmarried/ celibate
He was able to reach many converts through letter writing
The ability to perform miracles and wonders
There was peace in the Roman empire/ pax Roman
The use of Greek as a common language in Roman empire
There were good roads/ sea transport which led to efficient travel
The Greek/ Roman religious were not fulfilling
(15 x 1 = 5 mks)

10. State five lessons Christians learn on the cost of discipleship from the story of
Perpetua and Felistas
A Christian should be ready to suffer/ endure persecution
Christians should have faith in God
They should love one another/ unite in suffering
They should forgive their enemies
They should be bold/ courageous
They should rejoice in suffering
They should encourage/ strengthen one another
They should know that God’s calling is a priority to family demand/ ties
Christians should know that martyrdom is not in vain/ there is hope in death ( 5
x 1 = 5 mks)

11. write down five places where worship is carried out in traditional African
communities
Under sacred trees
In caves
A river bank
On rocks
On mountains
At waterfalls
 In shrines
In homes of religious leaders
At grave yards

12. Give reasons why seclusion after childbirth is important in traditional

African Communities
It gives the mother time to regain the lost energy
It keeps the mother/ baby evil eyes/ witchcraft
It gives the mother time to rest
It enables the mother to be trained on how to care for the baby
It enables the mother to feed well produce enough milk
It enables the baby to adjust to new life
It enables the mother to take maximum care of the baby
It marks the end of pregnancy at the beginning of new life ( 5
x 1 = 5 mks)

13. List five duties of diviners in traditional African communities

They predict the future
They warn people about calamities
The pre- intercede for the community/ individual during calamities
They heal the sick
They interpret messages from spiritual world
They act as judges in society
They mediate between God/ Spirits and people
They comfort the sick in society
They counsel people with problems
They use various objects to reveal secrets in society/ expose the wrong doers

14. Write down five reasons why disputes over land were rare in traditional
African communities
The elders disciplined greedy people/ land grabbers
There were clear guidelines on the use of land
Those without land were assisted to acquire it by the clan/ community
There was enough land assigned to individuals by elders. The wish/ will of
Parents/ clan on property ownership was respected people were hesitant to
acquire land unlawfully for fear of curses justice fairness by elders was
adhered in land ownership allocation
There were clear guidelines on land ownership

15. State five problems faced by the Christian missionaries in Kenya by 1914
 Language barrier
Hostile reception by some communities
Poor means of transport
Tropical diseases
Unfavourable climate conditions
Islam! African culture/ religion was an obstacle to Christian evangelization
Rivalry among themselves
Lack of funds/ resources

16. Identify five causes of conflicts between the youth and the old people in the
church today
Mode of dressing language/ communication
Controversies over the kind of music/ dance
Issue relating on sex / marriage
Rigidity in Biblical interpretations
Controversies over observance of ritual/ church rules

(1 x 5 = 5 mks)

17. State five ways in which Christians use their talents to promote evangelism in
Kenya today
Make articles for sale/ weaving / knitting
Writing/ drawing Christians literature
Teach others professional skills/ trade
Acting Christians plays/ skits/ reciting poems
Compose/ sing dance Christians music
Preach the word to others
Offering guidance counseling services
Acting ushers/ master of ceremonies

18. Give five reasons why Christians should vote during the general elections
It is their constitutional right
In order to own their elected leaders/ identify with them
So as to remove oppressive leaders/ government
In order to effect a peaceful change/ transition
It is a demonstration of obedience to earthly authorities
The elected leaders are their direct representatives in parliament / civic
authorities
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)
19. Write down five consequences of denying employees rest
Poor working relationships/ lack of respect
Leads to exhaustion/ fatigue
Can results in poor health/ death
Can result in go-slow
There is mistrust/ need to be supervised so as to work
Can lead to strikes/ riots/ violence
Leads to loss of job/ sacking
Leads to family conflicts/ suspicion/ separation/ divorce
Lack of time for spiritual nourishment/ worship
Leads to low morale/ negative attitude to work

20. Identify five ways in which Christians assist people who are living with
HIV/AIDS
Praying for them/ preaching to them Guiding
and counseling them
Providing medical services for them
Providing basic needs for both the infected the family members
Educating them on ways of avoiding re- infection/ teach them to live positively
initiating
Income – generating activities to provide employment for them preaching
against their discrimination/ advocating for legislation to support their
existence
Building home/ shelter for them
Visiting them
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2313/2 2005

1.a) Give reasons why the Israelites asked Samuel to appoint a king for them.
Samuel, their judge, was old.
i. The sons of Samuel had failed as judges/they were
unjust/corrupt. ii. They wanted a king who would lead them into
war
iii. They wanted a leader who would be recognized by other nations
iv. They wanted a political government with national authority.
v. They wanted a human leader whom they could see/had rejected God their unseen
King.
vi. The sons did not have the leadership qualities of their father.
vii. Samuel had imposed his sons as judges. 7x1=mks
b) What were failures of King Saul?
i. He performed the duties of a priest/ offered sacrifices.
ii. He was not patient to go by God’s timing/lacked faith in God.
iii. He has not repentant after his mistakes.
iv. He did not listen to the command of God to destroy all the loot from the Amalekites
for selfish gains.
v. He cheated Samuel that he wanted to offer the animals as sacrifice to God
vi. He listened to the voice of his subjects/army
vii. He wanted to kill David.
viii. He consulted a medium/witch.
ix. He killed the priest of the Lord. 6x2=12mks

c) How has corruption affected the society in Kenya today?

There is an increase in crime
i. The public has lost trust faith in the government
ii. There is an increase in poverty
iii. There is a high level of inflation
iv. Lack of quality services in all areas of life.
v. There is hiring/employing inefficient people
vi. It has led to disillusion/poor morale of workers
vii. It has led to strikes/riots among workers.
viii. It has created unemployment due to inability to create jobs. ix. It has created
unemployment due to inability to create jobs.
x. It has given the country a negative image globally 6x1=6marks

2. a) Describe the call of prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 6) (9mks)

i. He saw the Lord seated upon a high throne
ii. There were seraphim standing above the throne/proclaiming God’s
glory. iii. The foundation of the building shook and the house was filled
with smoke.
iv. Isaiah realized that he was a sinner
v. One of the seraphim flew onto Isaiah. vi. The seraphim had a
live coal in his hand vii. He touched Isaiah heard the voice of God asking
who could be sent viii. Isaiah’s guilt/sins were taken away/forgiven ix.
Isaiah heard the voice of God asking who could be sent
x. Isaiah was ready to be sent by God.
xi. He was told by God that the message he was to take to the people would be
rejected. xii. Isaiah asked God for how long he was to preach to those who would not
understand the message.
xiii. He was told that was to continue with the task until judgment fell on the people.
b) Explain Jeremiah’s teaching on the ‘New covenant’. (10mks)
i. The laws will be written in people’s hearts and not on stone tablets.
ii. The new covenant will be between an individual and God / personal
salvation/relationship.
iii. There will be individual responsibility /punishment for those who sin. iv. The
new covenant will be everlasting.
v. The new covenant will be universal.
vi. There will be forgiveness of sins/they will not be remembered
vii. There will be no mediators between God and the individual.
viii. The new covenant would be fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ.
5x2=10mks

c) How should a Christian respond when offered a job in a hardship area?

i. Give thanks to God for the job opportunity.
ii. One should pray about it.
iii. Should take up the challenge/accept the offer. iv. Should carry out the mission
of Jesus Christ.
v. Should work with commitment/dedication
vi. Should adhere to professional ethics
vii. Should keep the contract of service.
viii. Should take care of the family ix. Should take care of the family.
x. Should take care of the filmily
xi. Should seek guidance on how to work /live in the hardship area
xii. Seek training in life skills.
61x =6mks)
3. a) With reference to the incidents when Jesus was dedicated to God at
the age of forty days:
i. Jesus would save people.
ii. He would bring glory to Israel.
iii. He would be a light to the
gentiles. iv. He would be a universal
savior
v. He would bring judgment to the
Israelites. vi. Many people would oppose his
work. vii. He would reveal secret thoughts of
people.
viii. He would be the source of redemption for Jerusalem.
6x2=12mk
b) What lessons did the disciples of Jesus learn from the miracle of feeding
of five thousand? (7mks)
 i. To be concerned for the physical needs of people
ii. They should thank God.
iii. To serve others /demonstrate humility
iv. To practice obedience.
v. To praise sharing
vi. To co-operate with others.
vii. To be responsible/careful. 7x1=7mks

c) Why do some Christians find it difficult to share their wealth with

others?
There is selfishness/ individuals in modern society
The high costly of living has led to economic constraints
Some only share with members of their tribe/ race/ clan/ family
Denominational differences hinder the spirit of sharing
It can encourage dependence/ laziness
It is difficult to identify those who may genuinely require help/ assistance
Those receiving help may be suspicious
Those receiving the assistance may not show appreciation
They have not understood the biblical concept of sharing
( 1 x 6 = 6 mks)

4. (a) State the teachings of Jesus on how a Christian should approach God
in prayer
Prayer should be addressed to God the father
One should go to a secret place/ quiet place
A Christian should be specific/ precise when praying
One should have faith/ pray expectantly
On should be persistent in prayer
One should praise/ adore God when praying
One should confess his / her sins
One should forgive others while praying
One should ask for his/ her need
One should be humble when praying
One should pray for God’s will to be done
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

b) With reference to the day of Pentecost, outline Peter’s message on the

people
He told the people that the disciples were not drunk
They were filled by the holy spirit as fulfillment of God’s prophecy
 That Jesus was the son of God
God’s power was seen in the miracles, signs and wonders performed by Jesus
Jesus had been killed by the Jews because of their wickedness
God raised Jesus back to life
Jesus was a descendant of David
That Jesus ascended to heaven and is at the right hand of God
Jesus is the lord/ Christ
He called the people to repent their sins so as to be forgiven
They were to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ
(6 x 2 = 12 mks)

(c) Qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today

Should be knowledgeable in/ conversant with God’s word
Should be obedient to God’s commandments
Have their faith / trust in Jesus
Preach the gospel/ win others to the kingdom of God
Should help the needy
Live a life of fellowship with others/ listen to others
Be exemplary/ be the salt and light of the world/ role model
Ready to suffer for Christ/ self denial
Guide and counsel others
Pray all the time
Condemn evils in the society
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)
5. (a) Discuss the factors that promoted harmony and mutual responsibility
in traditional African communities ( 8 mks)
People participated in communal work
There was sharing of resources among members of the community
All members took part in rites of passage
There were rules/ taboos to regulate behavior
Deviant members in the community were heavily punished
Children were educated on the moral values/ social ethics/ customs/ traditions of
the community
People were educated on their responsibilities/ obligations in the society
The role of each member of the community was spelt out/ upheld/ there was
division of labour
The extended family system ensured that all members of the community were
provided for
The people had some origin/ religious beliefs/ traditions which promoted unity
There was communal worship
 The community had methods of defending the members against external attacks
The community had social/ political organization which were respected by all
There was communal ownership of land
There were proper guidelines on the use/ disposal of community wealth 8 x
1 = 8 mks

(b) What changes are taking place in the property ownership in traditional
African communities
Women/ children can now own property
Wealth is longer determined by the number of wives/ children
The introduction of money economy has reduced the value attached to land
The roles of elders in sharing of property has been eroded
Land is individually owned through the issuance of title deeds
People write wills to share/ decide who should inherit their property
Property can be owned outside one’s ancestral home
Land can now be sold/ auctioned
5 x 2 = 10 mks

(c) Why is the church in Kenya opposed to the practice of wife inheritance?
It may lead to abandonment of children/ wife
It can cause jealousy/ breakage of the family
It may lead to destruction of property/ snatching/ grabbing/ property
It is dehumanizing/ oppressive to the woman/ widow
It can lead to disease/ HIV/ AIDS
It can cause embarrassment to the concerned members
It is against the Christian teaching of monogamy
It may lead to street children/ increase in crime
It can lead to mistreatment of children/ wife
It can lead to death
It can create psychological/ emotional problems
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

6. (a) Describe the changes the Christian missionaries introduced to the

African communities in Kenya by 1945 ( 12 mks)
They introduced the Christian faith/ bible
A new class of religious specialists developed/ catechists
They introduced Western education/ people learnt how to read and write
New agricultural crops such as coffee replaced the growing of some
indigenous crops
 Hospitals were established where diseases were treated using European
medicines/ technology
Some aspects of African religious beliefs/ practices were denounced
Church structures replaced traditional African places of worship
They introduced a particular day of worship/ Sabbath day
They paved way for colonialization
They trained Africans in various fields of specialization
They converted Africans were alienated form their families/ communities (6 x
2 = 12 mks)

(b) What problems is the church in Kenya facing due to industrialization

Rise in family breakage
There is pollution of water/ air
It has led to individualism/ selfishness
There is an increase in social vices
It has led to exploitation of workers/ over working
There is exploitation/ destruction of land/ deforestation
It has led to division in the family
It has contributed to poor health/ sickness/ death
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(c) Outline the steps the church is taking to reduce poverty in Kenya today
Advocates for equitable distribution of resources
Condemns unfair treatment of workers
Supports income generating activities among its members
Initiates projects where people are employed
Establishes people on the importance of sharing resources/ communal living
Encourage self- employment
Preaches against idleness/ encourages dignity of work
Condemns deals in the society
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)
 K.C.S.E 2006 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/1
MARKING SCHEME

1. (a) Reasons why Christian read the bible

It provides Christians with moral values
It is a source of spiritual
It is used in Christian worship
It gives them inspirational/ hope
It helps them to understand their relationship with God
It is a source of Christian beliefs/ practices
It reveals God to them makes them understand the will of God
It is a source of knowledge
It is the word of God the authours were inspired by God (4 x
2 = 8 mks)

(b) Attributes of God as portrayed in Genesis story of creation. ( chapter 1

and 2)
God is all powerful/ omnipotent
God of order/ orderly/ perfect
He is everywhere/ omnipresent
He is the provider/ sustainer
He is the creator
He is all knowing/ omniscient
He commands moral ( obedient – Adam & Eve) Gen 2: 16
He is loving (wants personal relationship with man)
He is everlasting/ self existence
He is a spirit
God is the source of goodness
God is holy Gen. 2: 3
( 7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(c) Consequences pf breaking taboos in traditional African communities

Paying of a fine
Excommunication/ banishment/ ostracized/ Exile
Punishment/ ridicule/ pain to the body
Being killed
Cleaning/ undergoing rituals
Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/ God/ Spirit
 Offering compensation
Being cursed/ mysterious happenings
Denial of privileges
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

2. (a) Promises that God made to Abraham He

would make Abrahams name great/ famous
God would bless those who bless Abraham/ curse those who curse him/
protect him
All the families of the world would be blessed through Abraham
God would give land to Abraham’s descendants
He would give Abraham many descendants/ he would have a great nation
God will bless Abraham
God would give Abraham long life/ he would die in peace
He would give Abraham a son/ heir
Kings will come from Abraham’s descendants
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Problems Moses faced as he led the Israelites during Exodus

Lack of water for the Israelites
Lack of food for the Israelites
Complains/ grumbling by the Israelites/ refuse to listen to Moses
Warring tribes in the desert
Settling of disputes among the people
Traveling in hostile/ harsh climate conditions/ terrain
Lack of faith from the people/ worship of the golden calf
Rebellion/ opposition from his family
Threat from the Egyptian army
Bites from snakes
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

(c) Reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews It

was an outward sign of the inner faith in God
It was a physical badge/ identity for all male children
It showed that one had made a covenant with God/ that benefits form God’s
promises to Abraham
It was a sign of obedience to God
It signified purity/ cleanliness
Through it, one became a member of Jewish community/ Abraham’s family
(4 x 1= 4 mks)
3. (a) Reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king
Samuel had become old/ unable to rule/ feared he would dies
Samuel appointed his sons as judges/ made the post hereditary
The sons of Samuel were corrupt/ his sons had failed as judges
The Israelites wanted to be like others nations
They wanted a king who could lead them to war against their enemies
They wanted a leader whom they could see/ rejected God as their king
They wanted a political government with national authority/ organized system
etc
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(b)
He built the temple for the worship of Yahweh
He established trade links with neighboring nations
He built many cities in Israel/ infrastructure
He organized the central government/ improved tax collection/ established a
strong army to maintain peace
He established diplomatic links with other countries/ nations
He built a magnificent palace
He composed proverbs songs for the worship of Yahweh/ wrote the book of
ecclesiastics
He settled disputes wisely
He installed the ark of the covenant in the temple/ dedicated the temple of
God.

(c) Causes of power struggle which God reveals himself to Christians today
Greed for lack material possession/ poverty
Hypocrisy among the believers/ leaders misbehavior
Tribalism/ nepotism/ clanism/ racism/ ethnicity/ all other forms of
discrimination
Gender gap
Economic status/ rich versus the poor in the church
Educational status
Differences in interpretation of the Christian doctrine
Rigidity/ conservatism among leaders
Political interference in the leadership of the church
Fighting for recognition/ prestige
Succession wrangles
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
4. (a) The role of prophets in the Old Testament
They spoke on behalf of God/ God’s messengers/ mouth pieces
They foretold the future events
They guided counseled the kings
They called people back to repentance/ gave message of hope
They reminded the people about the covenant
They condemned the evil in society
They warned the people of God’s judgment
They made the people understand the nature of God
They offered sacrifices to God
They anointed kings
They interpret the vision dreams from God/ current events
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Reasons why prophet Amos was against the way Israelites worshipped
God
They gave empty sacrifices which did not reflect holy lives
They practiced syncretism
There was sincerity in worship/ hypocrisy
They made idols/ worshipped idols
They built many high places of worship for idols
They misused the temple by feasting drinking
They refused to listen to the prophets of God/ listened to false prophets
They misused the Sabbath
They practiced Temple prostitution
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

(c) Ways through which God reveals himself to Christians

Through visions
Through dreams
By reading the word of God/ bible
Listening to preachers/ crusades/ observing role models
Through answering prayers miracles
Through nature events/ calamities
Through the holy spirit/ the gifts of the Holy Spirit
( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)

5. (a) The problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of

Jerusalem
 The officials of Tekoa did not co-operate with him ( Neh3:5
He was ridiculed by Sanballat and Tobiah. Neh 2:17 – 19, 4: 2- 3
He received threats of violence from the enemies Neh 4: 7 – 8
A trap was laid to drill his mission of rebuilding the wall. Neh 4: 12
There was a plot to kill him. Neh 6: 2 -3
Insecurity from the enemies Neh 4: 11 – 12
False prophets tried to discourage him. Neh 6: 14
Opposition from the Jewish nobles Neh 4: 19
False accusation from his enemies Neh 6: 5-9
(5x 2 = 10 mks)

(b) The symbolic acts used by prophets Jeremiah to demonstrate God’s

judgment and punishment to the Israelites
Buying a new linen waistcloth and buying in a cleft of the rock Jer 13L 1 – 11
Jeremiah was not to marry. Jer 16: 1- 18
The reworking of the vessels by the potter. Jer 18: 1 – 17
The breaking of the earthen flask before the elders. Jer 19: 1 – 15
He was shown two baskets or figs one with good figs and another with bad
figs. Jer 24: 1 -10
Wearing of the yoke Jer 27: 1 – 15
( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)

(c) Lessons Christians learns from prophet Jeremiah’s teaching on the new
covenant
They should internalize the Law of God/ laws of God are in their hearts
They should have personal relationship with God/ know God personally
There is individual responsibility/ punishment when one sins
There is forgiveness of sins if one repents/ reconciliation
Christian have an everlasting relationship with God
Those who repent their sins have a new beginning
The need to have faith in God
They should obey practice the law of God
They learn that the new covenant is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

6. (a) The importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in

traditional African communities
Bathing of the baby sets in the begging of new life
 Shaving of the mother and baby’s hair symbolizes new status
Choosing of the appropriate name to give the baby is for identification/
incorporation into the wider society/ honour to the ancestors
Feeding of the baby symbolized new life growth
Holding of the baby by members of the community shows concern for it/
shared responsibility by the extended family
Saying prayer/ words of blessings for the mother and baby signifies long life
Slaughtering of animals is a way of thanksgiving to ancestors/ God
Feasting is a sign of joys/ socialialism/ welcoming the baby/ acceptance
Giving of presents to the baby/ mother is a sign o f good will/ ownership of
property
Wearing of charms signifies protection for the baby/ mother ( 5
x 2 = 10 mks)

(b) Moral values acquired during marriage in traditional African

Communities
Faithfulness/ loyalty/ obedience
Respect/ courtesy
Responsibility/ hard work
Hospitality/ kindness
Tolerance/ perseverance/ endurance/ patience
Love
Co-operation/ unity
Humility
Honesty
Integrity
Courage
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c) Reasons why death is feared in traditional African Communities
It disrupts the rhythm of human life/ activity
It is irrevocable/ in escapable
It brings impurity to the family
It deprives the community of the individuals
It involves too many rituals
It comes unannounced
It separates one from the loved ones/ marks the end of life on earth
Nobody knows about the life after death
It may cause misunderstanding in the community
Death rites reveal people’s characteristics
It brings poverty to the family involved
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 313/2 2006

1. (a) The visit of the Angel of the Lord to the Shepherds on the night Jesus was born.
The shepherds were looking after their flocks in the field at night
The angel appeared to them
The glory of the lord shone around them
They were filled with fear
The angle reassured them/ told them not to fear
He told them of the good news of the birth of Jesus
They were told where to find baby Jesus
The angles gave them a sign on how they would find Jesus
There appeared a host of angles singing/ praising God
The angles left them/ went back to heaven
The shepherds went to Bethlehem/ found baby Jesus
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(b) The differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ.
John the Baptist preached mainly in the wilderness/ the desert of Judah,
while
Jesus preached in the synagogues/ homes cities/ towns/ temple
John the Baptist called people to repentance, while Jesus forgave/ died for
their sins
John the Baptist with water, but Jesus was baptized with the holy spirit/
fire
John the Baptist lived the life of Nazarite, while Jesus mixed freely with all
people
The emphasis of John the Baptist preaching was in the promised Messiah,
while that of Jesus was about the kingdom of God
John the Baptist’s message was direct whereas Jesus preached in parables
While John the Baptist disciples fasted, the disciples of Jesus ate and
drank
John the Baptist did not perform miracles, but Jesus ministry was full of
signs/ wonders
John the Baptist was the fore runner / prepared the way while Jesus fulfilled/
was the messiah
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(c) Lessons Christians learn about family relationships from the incident when
Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover Festival.
Christians should obey their parents
Parents should teach their children about God
Parents should provide opportunities for their children to mix with others
 Parents should love/ be concerned about their children
Family ties should about be broken/ families should live in unity
God’s work takes priority over the family
Parents should recognize their children’s talents/ abilities
There should be open communities among family members (5 x
1 = 5 mks)

2. (a) The story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain ( Luke 7: 11- 17)
Jesus went to the city of Nain accompanied by his disciples/ crowd
At the age of the city, he met people carrying a dead man
The dead man was the only son of the widow
The mother/ widow was accompanied by a large crowd
Jesus felt pity for the widow/ told her not to weep
Jesus touched the bier ( coffin) in which the body lay
Jesus told the dead man to arise
The dead man sat up/ began to speak
Jesus gave the man to his mother
The people were filled with fear
The people glorified the lord
Jesus fame spread in Judea/ in the surrounding region 8 x
1 = 8 mks

(b) How the church continues with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ
Christians pray for/ preach to the sick
Laying hands on the sick/ anointing them/ any other miraculous healing
Providing guidance and counseling services
Constructing hospitals/ health centers/ rehabilitation centers
Providing preventive/ curative drugs/ treating the sick
Paying medical expenses for the sick
Producing/ disseminating literature/ electronic media on health issues
Preaching against evil/ causes of ailments that interfere with good health
Providing food/ clothing/ shelter/ finances to the sick/ needy
Visiting the sick
Training medical personnel
Educating through seminars/ workshops
(7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(c) Lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus

Christians learn that Jesus is the son of God/ holy
They should be always alert
 They should not be selfish/ share God’s secrets with others
It teaches that Jesus was a fulfillment of the Old Testament law/ prophesies
They should be prayerful
They learnt that Jesus is the messiah foretold by the Old Testament prophets
They should enter the presence of God with great respect/ reverence
They should learn to endure suffering
They should live with hope knowing that there is life after death
They should be slow to speak/ learn more about Christ before they speak ( 5
x 1 = 5 mks)

3. (a) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in his teaching
To encourage sinners to accept the word of God
To show consequences of loose living
To encourage people to realize their sinfulness / be willing to repent/ reconcile
To teach about God’s love for all people/ kingdom of God is for all people
To show God’s unconditional forgiveness
To warn against judging others/ condemning them
To teach his audience the need to rejoice for/ welcome repentant sinners
He wanted to encourage families to live in harmony / unity
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Preparations that Jesus made for the last supper

Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare for the last supper/ Passover
He instructed two disciples to go into the city/ Jerusalem
He told them that they would meet a man in the city carrying a jar of water
Jesus told them that they should follow the man into the house he would enter
Once in the house, the disciples were to ask the owner/ householder to show
them the guest room
Jesus told the disciples that the householder/ owner would show them a large
furnished upper room
He instructed the disciples to prepare the room
The disciples to prepare the meal
Jesus together with his disciples sat down in the prepared room (6 x
1 = 6 mks)

(c) Reasons that made Judas Iscariot betray Jesus

Greed for money/ material possession
It was God’s will for the fulfillment of the scriptures to be realized
Judas was unable to overcome/ conquer the power of evil/ he was tempted by
Satan (Diabalos)
 He was looking for fame/ recognition
He was unhappy with Jesus activities
He was an informer of the Jewish religious leaders
He was expecting a political messiah yet Jesus was a spiritual Messiah ( 4
x 2 = 8 mks)

4. (a) Spirituals gifts taught by St. Paul in the Early church

(i) Wisdom
(ii) Knowledge
(iii) Faith
(iv) Healing
(v) Working miracles
(vi) Prophecy/ preaching
(vii) ability to distinguish between spirits/ discernment
(viii) Speaking in tongues
(ix) Interpretation of tongues
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) How the use of the gifts of the holy spirit brought disunity in the church
at Corinth
(i) The people who had the gifts of speaking in tongues despised those who
did not have
(ii) There was competition in speaking in tongues
(iii) There was no interpretation of tongues hence messages were not understood
(iv) People did not show love to one another as they used the gifts of the Holy
(v) There was disorder/ confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried
to out do one another
(vi) People did not use their gifts for the growth/ development of the church
(vii) Gifts such as prophecy/ teaching/ preaching were looked down
upon (4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(c) Contribution of women in the church in Kenya today.

(i) Women engage in preaching the gospel/ evangelism
(ii) They clean/ decorate the church
(iii) Women take care of young children in the church
(iv) They contribute money/ clothes/ food to the less fortunate/ needy
(v) They prepare meals for church leaders/ visitors/ prepare holy communion
(vi) They act as ushers in the church
(vii) Women run income generating projects/ other projects for the church
(viii) Women sing in church choir
 (ix) They organize seminars/ workshops in the church/ guide and counsel
members
(x) They are leaders in the church/ participate in choosing leaders
(xi) Women give tithes/ offering to the church
(xii) Women pray/ intercede
6 x1 = 6 mks)

5. (a) Advantages of a Monogamous Marriages

(i) It enhances intimacy/ conjugal rights in the family
(ii) It upholds dignity/ honour of the family members/ children respect their Father
(iii) Security is enhanced
(iv) Love is not divided
(v) It eases wrangles on property ownership/ inheritance
(vi) It is a covenant protected by God/ the state
(vii) Law and order prevails in the family/ there is harmony/ unity
(viii) It reduces the risk of being infected with sexually transmitted infection/ HIV and
AIDS
(ix) Providing for family needs/ resources is easier
(x) It is easier to develop mutual confidence/ trust among family members
(xi) It reduces delinquency among the children
(xii) The woman takes pride in the marriage/ is able to enjoy privileges

(b) Factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya today.
(i) Poor role models/ lack of role models
(ii) stress / depression/ rebellion (frustrations)
(iii) Peer pressure/ curiosity
(iv) Influence of mass media
(v) Availability/ cheap cost of drugs / too much wealth
(vi) Irresponsible parenthood
(vii) Lack of guidance and counseling
(viii) Corruption/ greed
(ix) Poverty
(x) Moral decay/ permissiveness in the society
(xi) Lack of knowledge/ ignorance on the use of drugs
(xii) Idleness
(xiii) Urbanization/ western culture 7 x 1 = 7 mks)
(c) Reasons why the church participates in the fight against HIV and
AIDS.
(i) It is a continuation of Jesus works of healing
(ii) The church has a duty to guide and counsel/ promote moral values in the Society
(iii) To cater for the infected / affected members within the church
(iv) To conserve / preserve God’s creation
(v) It is the duty of the church to help reduce human suffering (vi) To promote
economic development
(vii) To promote peace in the family co- existence
(5 x 1 = 5 mks)

6. (a) The rights of citizens in Kenya today

(i) Rights to life/ live
(ii) Rights to have basic needs/ food/ shelter/ clothing
(iii) Right to receive education
(iv) Right to marry/ raise up a family/ belong to a family
(v) Right to have freedom of association/ assembly
(vi) Right to freedom of speech/ receive information/ expression
(vii) Right to own property
(viii) Freedom of worship
(ix) Right to liberty/ movement
(x) Right to work/ earn a living
(xi) Right to medical care/ health
(xii) Right to security/ protection by law
(xiii) Freedom of conscience / right to vote
7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(b) Reasons why Christians pay taxes to the government in Kenya

(i) To emulate Jesus who paid tax to the Roman authorities
(ii) To heed Jesus instructions to respect the civil authorities
(iii) Christianity pay taxes in order to receive service from the government
(iv) To provide essential services
(v) Christians pay taxes as a sign of patriotism
(vi) Christians pay taxes as a way of sharing their wealth/ resources with others
(vii) It is their duty to pay taxes to the government
(viii) To enable the government to meet its financial obligations
5 x 1 = 5 mks)

(c)How the church is helping to reduce the rate of crime in Kenya

(i) Providing guidance and counseling
(ii) Preaching about love for one another in the society
(iii) Rehabilitating law breakers
(iv) Providing jobs/ offering training opportunities to the people
(v) Giving loans to people to start/ run business
(vi) Providing recreational facilities/ organizing recreational activities for the youth
(vii) Reporting criminals to the law enforcement authorities
(viii) Disciplining deviant members of the church
(ix) Participating in government programmes established to fight crime ( e.g.
community policing)
(x) Obeying the laws of the country/ being role models
(xi) Praying for peace/ harmony
(xii) Teaching responsible parenthood
(xiii) Providing basic needs for the needy
(xiv) Condemning evil practices in the society/ teaching against crime.
 C.R.E

PAPER 1

1. The teaching about human beings from the biblical creation accounts

i. Human beings are created in the image/likeliness of God ii.

They have been given authority /domination over God creation. iii.

They communicate /fellowships with God. iv. They are

special/the greatest creation of God

v. They have the ability to think /reason/make choices/decision sin their

lives vi. They are blessed by God vii. They have give a special place to

stay/Garden of Eden viii. Human beings are to use other creation/plant for their

benefits ix. They are to take care of the creation till the land work

x. Human beings are to procreate/multiply through marriage.

xi. Man and woman era to compliment/provide companionship for each other.

xii. Human beings are Gods creation/male and female.

xiii. The woman is created out of hetmans rib

(7x1= 7 mks)

b) Effects of sin on Adam and Eve

i. They started dying yet they were to live forever ii.

They became afraid of God/they hide when He called them.

iii. They lost authority over the other creation iv. Man was to rule

over the woman/inequality between man and woman set in.

 v. The woman was to be in pain when giving birth
vi. There developed enemity between the human beings and the

serpent vii. They became embarrassed because of their nakedness

viii. They were expelled out of the Garden of Eden /separated with

God ix. They developed mistrust between man and woman.

(4x2=8 mks)

c) How the church helps to bring back members who have fallen from the faith.

i. By visiting the/inviting them to their homes ii. By being patient/forgiving

them iii. By evangelizing to them/preach/teaching iv. By guiding and counseling

them/referring them to experts according to their needs. v. Praying for them vi. By

inviting them back to church vii. By encouraging them to repent/confess

viii. By offering material needs/aids (5x1= 5 mks)

2. (a)The characteristics of a covenant between god and Abraham.

i. A covenant is made between two parties who enter into a mutual agreement. God
and

Abraham were the two parties that entered into a mutual agreement.

ii. In a covenant promises are made. God made several promises of what He would for

Abraham iii. The covenants solemnized through rituals. Abraham

offered animals/birds as sacrifices to God.

iv. A covenant has an outward sign. Abraham was to circumcise all his male

children/descendants to show that he made a covenant with God.

v. Covenant has conditions/obligations to be met. The covenant between God and

 Abraham was not be broken it bound even his descendants generations later vi.

During covenant making there were witnesses. God as the sole initiator rasped

through the sacrifice as the witness to the covenant vii. A covenant is sealed. It was

abseiled through the blood of animal

• Mark for mention

•
Mark for explanation

(4x 2=8 mks)

b) The similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.

i. In both it promotes one into full membership of the community. ii.

It is a mark of identification of a person to a particular community

iii. It is carried out on male children iv. In both cases circumcision

has a religious significance

v. In both cases special people/religious leaders/head of the communities carry out the

operation.

vi. In both cases it unites the members it the ancestors vii. In both cases members

receive new names viii. In both cases the rite is carried on from generation to

generation/out cost compulsory ix. In both cases the ritual is a communal affair.

x. In both cases it involved the cutting of the foreskin

(7x1= 7 mks).

(c) Identify lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of Abraham
 i. God demands faith/obedience
from people.
ii. God is the

provider/sustainer/giver iii. God

blesses/curses iv. God is the

protector

v. God is the controller of the world vi. God

is a spirit/everywhere vii. God is be worshiped viii.

God guides people ix. God speaks/makes

promises/fulfills promises

x. God cares for His people.

3. (a) the functions of the temple in the Jewish community

i. It was used for worship/prayers ii. It was the place

where the law was taught to children/people iii. Priest burnt

sacrifices/offered incense in the temple to God.

iv. Purification rituals were conducted here

v. It was a home for priests. Residential for Levites vi.

Dedications/presentations of the babies were carried out in the temple vii. It was

the business centre for Jews. Commercial centre viii. The Jewish council

(Sanhedrin) held their session her/a place where cases were heard/determined/law

court ix. All the Jewish festivals were celebrated here.

(7x1= 7 mks)
b) Ways which show that King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life.

i. He married foreign wives/concubines.

ii. He allowed worship of foreign gods/idols/he worshiped foreign gods.

iii. He murdered his half brother adonijah whom he thought would rival his power iv.

He taxed the Israelites heavily for his upkeep

v. He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on God.

vi. He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on god

vii. He built places of worship for the false gods viii. He subjected the Israelites

to force labuor/slavery during the construction of the temple/his palace.

ix. He signed treaties with his neighbors for protection

x. He sold land to Hiram King of Tire xi. He use more

time to build his palace than the temple of God

(6x1= 6 mks) (c)

Factors that have led to the increase of Christians denominations in Kenya.

i. Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power.

ii. Differences in biblical interoperations/hunger for power iii.

Resistance to change by the older church members who want to remain as it

was/generation gap.

iv. Material gain/greed selfishness where starting a church has become a business

v. Lacks of spiritual satisfaction by some members make them start their own

churches vi. Lack of good exam {le/poor role model by the leaders/corrupt leaders
Vii Desire to be free from missionary/foreign control

Viii Differences in mode of worship/ritual observance /model of worship ix

Nepotism/tribalism/clannish/racialism among Christians

x. The Kenya constitution has allowed freedom of worship xi.

Disagreements in ethical issues/policies in the church regarding how certain

matters should be handled e.g. family planning, dressing.

4. (a) similarities between prophets in the Old testament and traditional

African communities.

NB/No contrast

i. Both mediated between God and people.

ii. Both received revelation from God/they were Gods spokespeople /delivered message.

iii. Both foretold the future/predicted/warned/seers iv. Both played religious as well

as political role

v. Both spoke with authority/charismatic leaders vi. Both

acknowledged the presence of supreme being/supernatural power vii. In both,

there were prophets and prophetesses viii. Both prophesied to condemn

evil in the society ix. In both, their prophecies were fulfilled

x. In both there were consulted on various issue sin society.

(b) The reaching of prophet Amos on the remnant and a restoration of the Israelites

(Amos 9: 8-15)
 i. God would restore the dynasty of David after destruction ii. God would

bring the people back to their land iii. The people would rebuild their cities so that the

remnant of Edom can occupy them iv. The land would be reproductive/grapes will be in

abundance/wine would be in plenty

v. The people would grow food and harvest it vi.

The people of Israel would peaceful/prosperous vii. The

Israelites would never be taken into exile again.

(5x1=5 mks)
c) The relevance of prophet Amos on election of Israel to Christians in Kenya today

i. Christians are Gods people ii. It is God who chooses them to be

Christians iii. God chooses one to be a Christians iv. The Christians have

been chosen by God to proclaim the good news/service.

v. God protects the His people from their

enemies vi. Christians should be faithful/obedient

to god vii. They will be punished by God if they do

wrong.

viii. They should always repent their sins/ask for

forgiveness ix. The priests/bishops/church leaders are chosen

by God

5. (a) The promises that Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God

during the times of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10: 28-39)

 i. They were to live according to Gods law/obey all his

commandments/requirements ii. They would not intermarry with the foreigners

living in their land iii. They promised not to farm every seventh year/they were to

cancel all the debts iv. They would make annual contribution towards temple

expenses/not to neglect the house of God

v. They were to provide wood for burnt sacrifices vi. They were to offer the first

fruits of their harvest/dedicate their first born sons/flocks as required by the law vii. They

would pay their tithes in accordance with the law viii. They will not do any business on

the Sabbath day.

(4 x2 = 8 mks)

b) The final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship of God in Judah.

i. Cleansing of the temple ii. Reinstating of the Levites and

other temple workers iii. He ordered the closure of Jerusalem for

proper Sabbath observance iv. He separated the Jewish from the

foreigners

v. He purified the priesthood.

vi. Throwing out the household of Tobia out of the

chamber vii. Cleansing the chamber in the temple viii.

Returning the vessels of the house of God ix.

Appointing treasures over the storehouses

x. Sopping the buying and selling of wares on the Sabbath

day xi. He ordered an end to mixed marriages/foreigners.

c) The problem that Christians leaders in their work today.

i. Opposition from political leaders/society.

ii. Lack of cooperation from the members of the church/lack of unity among

Christians iii. False prophets/cultic affiliation// hypocrisy/black magic/witchcraft iv.

Misinterpretation of the scriptures

v. Drug abuse among the members vi. Lack of adequate time

for pastoral care vii. Poor infrastructure that make it impossible

to reach some areas viii. Insecurity in some parts of the country ix.

Lack of resources to enable them spread the good new/poverty

x. Lack of professional training to enable them do their work effectively.

xi. Permissiveness/moral decadence, which has become the order of the

day. xii. Negative influence from the mass media/pornography.

(7x1= 7 mks)

6. a) Rituals performed during the birth of a baby in traditional African

Communities

i. There is feasting in family/relatives ii. Prayers

of thanks giving/blessings /protection so offered iii.

Protective charms are given to the mother. iv.

Sacrifices are offered to God

v. The mother/baby are kept in seclusion vi. There is

dancing/singing for the new life vii. The umbilical cord is cut to
 separate the baby from the mother viii. The baby/mother are given

gifts ix. The mother hair is shaved

x. Ululations are made to announce the sex of

the baby .

xi. The baby is washed xii. The baby is

given bitter/seat substance to take.

(6 x1 = 6 mks)

(b) Reasons why the children are important in traditional African Communities

i. They ensure the continuity of the society ii.

They inherit the parent property iii. They take care

of there parents during old age.

iv. They cement the relationship between the husband and wife/make the marriage stable

v. They are a source of labour

vi. They offer security to the society/act as warriors when they grow up vii. They are a

replacement of the dead relatives/ancestors viii. Children are a source of wealth to the family

community ix. They run errands for the community.

(6x1 = 6 mks)
C.R.E

PAPER II 2009

1 a) The message of Prophet Isaiah messiah (Luke 1: 26-36)

i. The messiah would be a descendant of David/rule of the throne of

David ii. The messiah will rule forever iii. He would be despised /rejected by

many/a man of sorrow/suffering servant iv. He would be born of a young

woman/virgin

v. Messianic reign/rule will bring happiness/joy to the Israelites vi. He would

be wounded for people’s transgressions/would suffer for sins of human beings vii.

Peace /prosperity will prevail during the messianic reign viii. He will be called

wonderful/counselor/mighty god/Everlasting Father/Prince of peace/anointed/God

Immanuel.

ix. He will rule with justice/ righteousness

 x. He would have characteristics of normal human

being/child xi. His suffering through the will God/it will be

initiated by God.

(4 x2 =8mks)

b) The activities that took place when Jesus was born (Luke 2:6-20)

i. Mary, the mother of baby Jesus wrapped him in

swaddling clothes.

ii. She laid him in a manger iii. Angle of the Lord

appeared singing the praise of God iv. A multitude of

angles appeared singing the praise of God.

v. The shepherds hurried to see the baby vi. The

shepherds spread the news to many people vii. The shepherd

sung/praises God after they had seen baby Jesus viii. The

shepherds retuned to their homes/work.

(6x1 =6 mks)

c) The importance of singing in Christian Service

i. It is an opportunity to praise/adore God ii.

Christians pass messages/pray through singing iii.

Singing creates a atmosphere of worshippers relax

iv. Singing creates an atmosphere of worship

v. The singing removes boredom because of the varied activities during the

service vi. God given talents are portrayed/enhanced during singing. vii. Non
members are attracted to church through singing viii. Those who feel depressed era

encouraged through singing ix. Singing unites/brings worshippers together as they

all join in chorus/song.

(9x1= 6 mks)

2 (a) A description of when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth (Luke 4: 16-30)

i. Jesus came to Nazareth where he was brought up.

ii. He went to the synagogue as he usually did on the Sabbath

day iii. He was given book of prophet Isaiah when he stood up to

read.

iv. He opened the book, found the place that was written about him and read

it to the people.

v. After reading he closed the book and gave it to the attendant and sat down

vi. Everybody in the synagogue looked at him vii. He told them that

the scripture he has read was fulfilled in their hearing viii. All people

were happy with what he had spoken ix. People wondered a loud saying

“is this not Joseph’s son

x. Jesus told them that they would ask him to do in his own country things he had

done in Capernaum/he told them that a prophet is not accepted in his own country things .

xi. He told them that there were many widows in Israel during the time of Elijah but

God sent the prophet to a widow in Zarephath/God only healed Naaman the Syrian of

leprosy during the time of Prophet Elisha.

 xii. They were filled with anger/wanted to throw him head long the cliff

xiii. Jesus passed through their midst and went away.

(7x1= 7 mks)

(b) Reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees in Galilee Luke 5: 12, 6:

11

i. Jesus touched a man with leprosy which was against the Jewish law ii. He forgave

sins which the Pharisees knew only god could do/healed the paralyzed man.

iii. He mixed/ate with the tax collectors who were known to be sinners iv. Jesus

made it clear to them that he had not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance.

v. His disciples did not fast, like those of the John the Baptist which annoyed the Pharisees

vi. He challenged them to move from the old traditional orders to the new ones which he had

brought vii. The disciples of Jesus plucked and ate grains on the Sabbath day which was

unlawful/he healed a man with a withered hand on a Sabbath

(4x2= 8 mks)

(c) 5 ways in which church leaders can respond to those who oppose the ion

their work

i. Find out the causes/reasons for the opposition ii. The church leader

should pray for/with them iii. Explain to them the Gospel truth in a humble

manner/guide and counsel them iv. Seek reconciliation through third

party/another person
 v. Involve them in decision making/church activities

vi. Recognize there efforts in supporting the church

maters vii. Visit them in there homes/fellowship with

them /preaching viii. Assist them when in problem.

(financial/materially) ix. Send them message of

encouragement

x. Change your approach to issue/reform where necessary.

(5x1=5)

3 (a) The teaching that Jesus made to the guests at the Pharisees house in

(Luke 14: 1-14)

i. Saving a life can be done on a Sabbath day ii. It well to respond to an

emergency even on a Sabbath iii. Human life is more important than the animal which

the Pharisees accept to rescue on the Sabbath day.

iv. It is good for to humble him/sit in lowly place when invited

v. Those who exalt themselves will be humbled those who humble themselves will be

exalted.

vi. It is blessed to invite the poor/maimed/lame /blind tot the feast instead if ones

relatives/friends who can invite you in return vii. Those who do good for the

less fortunate will be repaid during the resurrection of the

just.

(5x1=5 mks)
b) Reasons why Jesus used the parable of the great feast in his teaching in

(Luke 14: 15-24)

i. He wanted to explain that invitation to god’s Kingdom is open to many

people. ii. He wanted to show that the Jews were given the first chance to be part

of god’s

Kingdom but they rejected.

iii. He wanted to show that people reject god’s call due to material possession/family

commitment which can be a stumbling block ones spiritual life.

iv. He wanted to show that gentiles/outcasts are called to God ‘s Kingdom to replace the

non responding Jews.

v. He needed to explain that the God’s invitation/call are extended to many people/god

offers universal salvation.

vi. So as to explain that those who refuse/do not accept god’ call will not receive

blessing of god’s Kingdom/will not enter the kingdom of god.

vii. He wanted to challenge the Jews /Pharisees who counted themselves as righteous yet

they failed to respond to God’s call.

(4x2=8 mks)

(c) Reasons why Christians take part in the Lord ’s Supper.

i. Through it, they remember the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for the forgiveness of

sin. ii. The ceremony is a form of tanking for god’s love/redemption plan iii. It is
 time that Christians reaffirm/renew their faith tin God/bind themselves in the covenant iv.

It gives Christians an opportunity to repent/ask for forgiveness of sin

v. It unites the believers/they fellowship/share with one another vi. The

partakers experience the presence of God through the sharing of the bread and wine which

represent his body and blood respectively vii. It is a sign of obedience to Christ who

commanded the disciples to do it in his

memory

viii. Through the Christians participate the 2nd coming of Jesus Christ
ix. It is a foretaste of the heavily banquet/heavenly feast which Jesus promised his

disciples.

4. (a) reasons why Jesus sent the Holy spirit to the disciples after his ascension

i. The Holy Spirit would comfort the disciples ii. He was to

council the disciples iii. He would guide the disciples on what is

right/god’s righteousness iv. He was to convict people of their sins

v. He to the disciples on what is right/God’s righteousness vi. He was

to convict people of their sins vii. He was to reveal the future/enable

the disciples to prophets/God’s will viii. He would glorify Jesus through the

work of the disciples ix. He would enable the disciples to witness Christ

throughout the world.

 x. He would replace the physical presence of Jesus/stay with the disciple

forever xi. He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with

courage/confidence/authority.

(7x1=7 mks)

(b) Teaching of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church and husband-wife

relationship in Ephesians 5: 21-32

i. Members of the church learn to live together in harmony /unity just like a husband

and wife.

ii. There is a chain of authority in, marriage where the head of family in the same way

Christ is the head of church.

iii. Just as Christ sacrificially loves the church, husband should love wives
iv. The union between a husband and wife is meant to last forever, so Christians are

called upon to maintain steadfast faithfulness to Christ unit eternity

v. Christians are called to submit to Christ just as a wife submits to her husband. vi.

Just as a husband and wife become one flesh, so Christians are supposed to be

united/cling to Christ.

vii. Just as Christ nourished/cherishes the church, husbands should care for there wives.

(4x2= 8 mks)

(c)Ways in which Christians identify those who posse the gift of the Holy Spirit.

i. By listening to there confession. They should confess Jesus as Lord.

ii. By analyzing the kind of teaching they profess. The teaching should be about Jesus
 Christ/Christian doctrine iii. By examining there life so ass to know whether

they posses/show the fruit of Holy Spirit . (Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, self

control, goodness, faithfulness/gentleness.) iv. By observing their behavior . The

behaviour should not contradict the teaching of

Jesus Christ/ be role models

v. When the Christians notice the victorious life of such people over

temptations/works of the flesh. vi. If such persons do not use the gift of the Holy spirit

for selfish gains/enrich themselves vii. When such believers given glory to God/Jesus after

serving performing miracles.

5. (a) Christ teaching on work.

i. Work is ordained from God/ command from God ii.

Human beings should work to subdue/conquer the earth iii.

Work is good/god himself worked iv. God blesses a

hard worker/worked

v. God blesses a hard worker/worker/work is rewarded vi.

Christians should work to acquire basic need/necessities vii.

Christians should work to assist these who are needy/less fortunate viii.

Christian work as a co-creator with God.

ix. People should work to emulate Jesus who was a

worker/carpenter

x. Work became a curse/unpleasant after human being fell into

sin xi. Christians should not overwork/ enslave others xii. Those
 who work should get a just wage xiii. People should take rest xiv.

People should take rest xv. People should work

faithfully/diligently xvi. Work should be done in an orderly manner.

(8x1= 8 mks)

b) The role of professional ethics in work place.

i. They guide the workers on how to relate with one another ii. They

define how worker should handle/relate with there clients iii. They help to create

healthy interaction between the workers/employees and their supervisors/authority.

iv. They help in maintaining the standards of the service offered/goods produced in a

work place

v. The determine how one should perform his/her duties/keep up the date with the

demands of the profession

vi. They help to maintain dignity of the profession/ integrity of the workers vii. They

help the public to respect the professional from undue pressures from other interested

parties. viii. They help to determine the entry requirement/qualifications needed

in a given profession.

(3x2=6 mks)

c) Ways in which the church is helping to reduce the rate of unemployment in Kenya

today.
 i. The church encourages people to start income generating activities ii.

The church provides loans to the unemployed to start small scale business

iii. The church creates job opportunities through establishing church projects.

iv. It teaches the youth about the dignity of manual work/encourage the youth to

participate in agriculture/technical fields.

v. It organizes seminars for the youth/unemployment on how to utilize their potentials vi.

It condemns corrupt practices which interfere with the recruitment/economic

growth.

vii. It encourages its members to pay taxes promptly so that the government can have the

resources to employ/pay the workers viii. It trains/sponsors the youths on vocational skills

that are necessary for employment /self employment.

ix. The church tries to be fair when recruiting people for various jobs.

(6x 1 = 6 mks) 6 (a)

The negative effects of the introduction of money economy on

traditional African communities.

i. It has led to introduction of wage labour instead of communal working that existed
ii. It led to migration to town as people search for better paying jobs, destroying the closely

knit traditional way of life.

iii. It has led to the formation of Sio-Economic classes among the people/rich versus poor

thus creating suspicion/insecurity.

iv. It has created individualism which has destroyed the communal way of living /extended

family relationship.

v. It has led to vices like bribery/corruption/exploitation which have replaced

honesty/fairness in traditional African setting.

vi. The dependency on no money has led to social evils like prostitution, immorality which

has destroyed the traditional concept of marriage /value of sex.

vii. It has led to private ownership of land /land can be bought by those with money one

hence destroying the traditional land ownership. viii. Dowry has been

commercialized thus destroying the traditional African meaning of showing appreciation

of the family of the bride /girl ix. The type of education one receives is now

determined by the amount of money one has unlike in the traditional set up where the

elders passed on education to all without being paid.

x. Due to the introduction of money economy modern means of transport have been

acquired which has led to accidents/pollution of the environment.

xi. Age is no longer a determinant of social status /a rich young man maybe respected by an

elder who is not economically stable.

4x2=8 mks) (b)

Teaching of Jesus on wealth

i. wealth should be acquired in the right manner

 ii. wealth a gift from god/god given iii. Wealth should be

used to serve God/expand God’s Kingdom iv. Those who have

wealth are only stewards

v. Those who have wealth should share it with others/help the needy/poor vi.

Poverty is not a result of sin/the poor can only enjoy God’s blessing vii. Wealth

can be hindrance for one to enter in the Kingdom of God viii. One cannot serve God

and mammon/wealth ix. Wealth cannot satisfy all human needs/cannot answer human

quest for salvation.

x. Those who have wealth should avoid extravagance/prodigality/luxury xi. Earth

wealth/possession is temporary xii. Those who have wealth should use it responsibly.

(6x1= 6 mks)

c) Reasons why Christians should involve themselves in gambling

i. Gambling enables one to get money/wealth without working

for it ii. In gambling one’s gain leads to another person loss iii. It

creates bitterness in the one who losses iv. The bible condemns

gambling/unfair interests

v. It involves taking advantage of the ignorant players vi. There is no

security on the wealth/money one put in gambling vii. It is addictive/can become a

compulsive habit viii. It can interfere with family budget/priorities/ can bring

misunderstanding in the family/friends.

ix. It can lead to violence/loss of life

x. It can lead to stress/illness xi. It

shows lack of trust/ dependence upon God xii. It

can lead poverty, time wasting at the expense of

productive work. (6x1=6 mks)