Murti processor, Sehedublng ¢ % cattprouen 08 > mp sys. concials of several pre which ghaxé memory. Rasen is tat sometir“s tendon ahr prowssey vehy igh but Jo a omer B & not reqd, this dys B nullable ‘f one gots dow othas cath std tonttinue to WoAK, | Mursiproeussoy Scheduling > the axe muttipie U's which chou ah load xo that vastous pros simuutarwously, In genanal ies compiler. 4 to a Use scheduling. are Sy thr dose corner The muuipte CPU's w xe - 9 other -ped- whi shaws a common buss MPI heal deviers. Bo, we an ay: that dhe AY is a . au used when we gata, we sadeuitte, ° diy, 400k bo thy digg prowusor im the vem.) Tn mp anvizon, 5" shy pretties Jy ae phy thouead which can be Aun inceperduttly. y oulows Bu threads to Mun ove move AMAA ene Par euses shywstonunuisly ponaultl, pAoeor, wu prowsing se thr obit thy CPU tosng 0S isa kind of Pe os which, han- ON caus ot th $ timé 5 do med mrt). novide le wt ett. Addition purtovms i 3 phous chovization % Auouree Mant % Genedullas Ty: 4. Bagh CPU has | as own 08 0S, TRAe Ou tential nal patng ws ee cPD has ks own AV 4 ¥ may, 4B phased. among a thy phowssors § % To arealso Shad» whole ie is connect by the Angle | bus. crud CPUD ve CPU Memory t/o Ted Ls] Cel Bel 2, Masten siowe we_Mustibroversoy Tene %& a oi dota “aut which kups sank the rea uses, on thu, one cenkal processing und works as Master whiy @thug work ab @ slave, Ad the org are handled the xh pro- cosor wht 1b Wa Masts Sewer, The sees puns the 08 phase ae Sue un thy user PEDLLIKES, ame mem. % 0 devites au shad among ow the processors & oy the - proggea as connected to & Common bis, Ta aye tees th daterawdege , Ha Pesuyenen elie Muuti- GY cpus cPU2 .... cPUN Memo 1/0 ee | slawe Stave ye AS UNS use; AWN UALA TI 4 [ prouses provesses —l | | Os | 3 Symmnetwe , Muitiproveasoh. Thae ts one topy “ahs 03 ty memo » but amg can pun &, dhs model balances ca dhe oe proud fusotheh by hau! thy 6 examine the Keaddy queue % sleet a a Pay ue io ply ae proeests be én common Reade a os each, pr- corso hoye ig eum QuoueS for Abo eadye prowsses key me ¥ pase, ily oe proeess how developed an cro BE suunning on, wed don't rere oct wi 8 “bee. pion to anothth ib MH ab a Types: © Sept fapinlty > when aby has a Aut a sanabiqy not migaata thu prouiss ope poser % ae t gunna uk, © wand Aue nlley > whan. the makts ik Surg that No | Aus woud 4 migrated rae one power +0 Pew o% UNUX* Load Galanung.» on smP ( symmebe Multiple prourson) ie aul thy processes madat bawe OD eal, workload ani benepls a mp fh atu aye: 44, thr woakload M4 not balanced prep anoy oe te PSOUMONS wok + happen that Som ber OE ney and up ating “dle. & tome, would. have high, wokkload. ak implimented whore proewxsot- tn Ab ays. has Ws own Ast of, ols Yo ec 4 tu ays. has’ a common Lut crioning, fini tp utube then thus ino need fpr toad balaning. benz whinewes a prouscoy will become Ide ww toad = SU woh thr prowss wb a wmmon duct, Tyeu. . ye push mugnakion, > Task bs ausigons whic) aeps a peiodiz, etek on ay thy prow - ty Tdentiby any Umbaanct tht wad, a i firde on Imbalance o Aood then tok exbosts ty Load (pRotussts) fom an overloaded procuxor & watan enim to ty Idle] dss prowsor, this pushing proomlaté, fom hy _ outloaded 5» to lus praussor Js tesined Ob push, Mgration. | - pu mination, > dd prowisoy bauy exharct a mousing brows fm an outiivadid or busy pro esos © and — Atant estautlng at 40 balance +e root, : woth tan be Lopumentd ty fara. | !on Load, Ralandng mechanism worses the — @) eres of proud “Aiffaly «As pushing ew pullig "0 prouns from one pants to anothe, , taldate commend ol cache meni, as we have Aten, in appintty, {thug ib No pedtee AtAnattgy 6 fale to ducts ste buat potley for Mu pAocscor dohedullad ao exfooat bent, a Symmetric muuutthatading > 1 has mauiiple phyiat paoussots that Allow auyeral thread, fo eeude ton- the woneept widing Logi Ord sang scat Co keg Sag Mw wnading® & allows ty wrote auenal , One a single hy dial poouxox, aby ” » bas its own avehe Atette, taeh ons Herts, ahd each hos” Us one 4 mos ueae tompety for a finite’ no. ALAOULOLE, A paouss + msourers, Tf the Aus aM Not avail able at -that inne, ahr process enous a wait diab, T+ tay happen mt waiting. prouusses yoiy neue ch saa, bd thr ASOUOUS sn have AKquested au tid! oy Peodllock » Tn Mutiiprograrnming enuikon. , several other waiting paocstes, hut wityation 1s calla Deodleck iA prouss must atquitsh a — AOWIEL before eocsn eed Auuase the Asouster — af Lh using ies A 9 auguest ab om susouriis ad “He rLQuLres TO ol out. ut dsl task, 7 UKs na utilize a Auowier ‘Yr only thy follo. } . tae ReqQuust > oh the nqueat cart be aanted irnmedir- tay, om thi raquetivg | fmt wale ui : UNL! ae use > BU Prous (a ieee. * Release > tN prot mabe, the = ALOWILL, SYSTEM. MODEL : nauats gine no. op AoUneLS He A eo ao . be aribusud among a no of wompeting proesses, re | AOU OAS artitiond. info Awa type, each. wondiating of some no, a identical Snstances, esourtts ant Uke Mum, $ teu “os > K a YOu; giles % Ye" Reseuwuel types Ri, Ray Rn (CPU Uychtby é memory €Patt, fo deviews) * Gach ALAOWLE 0 RE hag wh tétounees, " ath prow utitizes a Auowue as foLlows + Request > open(), mavloet), new). and Aquest C’) * USES ax paints to the painter ov geods fom thr Hie. % Reeane > closet); HAeCeCd, delete ()-and Ase () Aendlock Characterization. ¢ estes as Necessany cond’) > A deadlok situation can anise I quo. cond’es) Arolal simmuutancouny in & Eisen Q@ Mutual tdusion > asleat one Auoumer toust be held U a Non Shorable Mode, ee pours at a tine i can use ph AlsbUsteg, * paOUws jae aisourte , AU eating prouss must be alae unt the MAOUEL we bun used, . use that is Hold and wait > tha must ast a pr ee TEU one fudoWLte “he wok to anquie nodiHonal AsoWUeL that ane auprentty ‘being Held by oth pAOUsEE, troy, -> Resousees tant be te a Carer Me auleased only volurtari she pro- cons hotaing He, aplen the Prous, has wompltad ‘ts task@® clamlah walks» wre must etiot a det fh, P84 % welding — PAOLKES AT fo i walling tor 0 Mase, wat UW hed Py Pr is Waiting for AuowUL HV a held by % and £0.00), | Headlok » — Stovvation. Tee owuss whor one q tu l(D tow P psouss gob blocked. * Abus aoe blocked, | wigh P paousses proud. Bits an © waiting, ® tong walking but net 1, ig ' always lo ex ned not be @:w aeadlock, 18 ‘@ w Stoxyas Oy TE rassosion | ; toni | 1s blocked| @ Reqatated Alsourer 15 OMUNO- ») equated MsOUIeL UA : ki thes — pROUss, ‘ © Used by ye ps ron im 5) Neodlock ecturs when a |@ et pews aur to Hu your ond’) eons dinwi- |) wneordaouted prionity YL YenoUTIL 00} 7 mamt, vated — ‘ Ong : a. ; a ROU fi reece B ts holding an Process tty 4 tndfanus Instance 86 8} yctarey oy i ° & 6-8 of| Resounce Aalevation _Gaaph (RAS) | @ Dendlodks ean be aiseribed move precisely in-toums Ha disteted, graph Ha & system RAG. fees vases V ord sue of edges E. Vis pontitioned into two typ : 4) p= 3R, hPa} ste | OU procisges Bd) R= GR, Be, ---Rmy sek of AL avout Tiypls Request, , cage : > RE qulocabid cage + RY —> PL Pe EDoE Process RESOUILEL ancign august veaex veutex, eage op edge Q dy Ui) exasple of RAG RAG whth a Headlock‘ a Be ee winulan wait tn the given thormpl o, Ae adLlock Otture | P, P, : 0) . ® Anothu ,Mubhod. | aes — allovaty Raquat Ro Pip Ry Ro R, Ro ; RR . 7 oO 4 owailability = (0, 0) ' : ° ° 4 Zz oO wlth thr hulp 4 auailabiliy, & lo chueks owhethy wt (an pwd the suqunat GP) Md POY nat. Bjo of t 2 , is eueuting beor Ws not 9 of oth, proulis, Now, Py) worplatrd & eqs sow Of of taku back, | A= (4,8) , qs eu , o Ae ay bill pasts 4 f, wn be quytud beov R, and Ry wie ants ow, Oy sated sceanglly punt, No dindlodk cea | rote: In came of single wustancry Sp RAG has Urullar Seat til, Ene ww be a dudlok | eee |iw. snstoner RAG: Method ©, Manuatly « 6) PP Po (No deadloek) & Re nado tity = (0 0) cateution , Sequel > Pa Pr Py No deadlock oteurd | \z P GBLe j mat eres &l4 0 eee i Ae (0% 4) ee ee Mi hRlo 4 oOlo o 1 we an ye a P e, ae Py a 3 10 4 0 | 4 2 10 A= (0, Lt Now, fo gee enieuled sucespuly A = ( 4,1,2) net, Bo» » 2 oO, 2 a) : ie Fray Boe, Safe PEIN 5 A Ps No deadlock orturs | MUthods for Hahdling deadlock : ye enoure bat the wi nou, ent a deadlock Atos vding Deadlock paeverction & Avotdanct, % pow tu to ety in a dradloch arate ond = then ve.4. DeAdLock Tgnovance (1pstrich Method ) Bo» paovention . | Avoldance { Bankes! go: ) hy petection ond Recovery Neadlock - TqnovOnee. > we paurend (imagine) wat thar 1s no pacblum Be ERSIRAE WI to cal with tu problem. ae this ea head i» thy 4ond t opatend thor! is no. problem Ot OM, (om) a tb ignore thr deadlock beoz deadlocks. ott = Yak out crashis clut. to Hw fedluurtes eV , 05 bugs frequent chen not wnge pen wy peformance OF corwenienct 40 ainunalr deadlocks. ' dhe method ib Atagonable ih > decdidlock 0vuyd vOut : > cost 6b prevention av Woh > vNIX and WINDOWS take this approach, > suouses ons punt ; 5) dtadlock, oven uth AAAOUIEELS Aandly Otewu. * —K-Rea 9 , Atadlock, patueniion ! H provid ov set, of methods FY enouling that ableast one of thy neevsnry cond's) can't hold, 4. mudual Beluston a’ not qd * fer whayeable vescourels, must bold ter OOn- shasable ALsOUKLLS. 2 Hold and walk > mwa antee that whoever a Suquuests a ALMOUNER , at doen't hold any other R, nots tm Reyuust 2 be aulorated ou Hf we begins exeeution ev ablow Aen the ab ny ani free La prow + Requur ALLOUUS before cus tp Quest AUOWULE 0 + Low AsoUseL , UbILization. 3, No mpuion > ike hs that is holding. some Aaoustes veg. ahothir R that eat be tamed auloratid to id , thon © ou A cushy ben held ave Adeased, | « preetnpted ReoUWtls osu addid to thy Mtat 4 HL gourd for stich thr pros ws waiting. , prous wis be tama only y ws Old | ALAOUIUELA well as novo ones that” He uw qe requesting, : A, etraulas wilt > cath P veyalits’ R th an Ting order, Ro @ bub H+ cant yequedb gx. Th Pa comes & TEA. Hr o number Ws HO 8. Ny cola wait | aseDeadlouk, Avoidanet + vequives that thy aydion has 69) some additional a paioti into. avoglable, % Simplest and most useful. nodal sqpivs, that eachy oes atlas thy mar” no, 4 nusousels af cach, type that Mt way need, yo aynannit examines thr SOW. elocation stor * to ¢ that “that CON reve, be @ erreuler walt tondition. f 4 Resowrer auvotdbion tate is dugined shy no. owollable & allocatid arsousets & Mm demands 1 tt pAOCLAKes, : A. Soge Store ®. neadlock Reuoidance : > st gnstone, af R > Use RAG > Multiply Instanets = vse Bank's oho BKOMpE! 4p, B= 5, C= F Colven) ourocotion | we reeed ; ni ' Pile 8 Cb A Bc A BC. eiloetso |e 8 soe ceria fe £ Jo oo |3 wt : 4 2, f5::13,.0 2 | 9 #02 Dat] GeiO Om jo 22 [4 2 2 ot ad joo 2|5 3,3 5 at ta 5Netd =. max" allocation’ cheeks {awoilabl y need | % Cant yoy ty need Ot Pa. why 2 (332)¥ (943) ® rot possible. # chenk pave 5 gan) y (12.2) rei Q exeeuted, ota, aSauebily 9 * check ft (532) % (600) @ nab possible t532)% (211) @ Py enented » no #9(€4 43) (343) % 15 3.4) @ Ps eeuted. fonw AS (CF a5) t 45) % CF43) © (Px tented: nw 44 [095 5) cox; (255) % (600) ® as ret sity 9 (C= 3S] ye 2. sue segues > [BB A Fs + checks PH: a chick f+ % chek A +Pp “y oulocation f maximum) qyailoble | Need fe (a BCi\A ® cla _,c|6 8 ¢ & j4 0 474 1/3 30/3 3 © p, ly foo . 2 i a4 4 150 mR jt 0 3/4 3 8 0 3 Oo & lo o ofs 4 4 3 4 ft need = ™ oul” — allocation | [ovalioble 7 need | chuck fox Pot ae yee cand cil uk beh (3 4) } (0 2) a ' cick be? (43 4)% fo9 0) OD Pr eneeuted. nw Ar CES) chuck fp: (5.3.4) B41) ® nuk wes (5 34) 7 C10 2). Ph edeuted neo © 9 [C64 6S] ceneek fps (64 6) 7% (e341) fy ereuted 5 New availabilty > ( 84 6] ' ‘Example + ° ado tadion. | peed | Avoilalole j Reveal Coates ces Ajs erie re Wao 8 als.o2rf6oo] Boo ale atfot4 S00 ~“hfo 0 2/4 3 4 434 sup RNeed = max — aulocation. gp® candida 2 ‘RNA ‘e! (230) % (7:33), 8 Q! (230) % (302) ® &. (230% (22) ®@ Pa; Gade G2d® : & eueiihed. * As (esed¢(2r = [cy 41) wy: Hay 434) © ow 65 [C4 4 39] &: (443) 7% (#33) ® i. At 44 3)% (32290 wo (Ca 4 5)) &: (F45)% Bl2) @ nw as [lo TH] fo! (4% (439 D & me creed | cna ouabl = [Ce 5 9] Sat seyure 9 fa fi B Ee~ Rend lock, Deteetion : 4n this nvinon, Hu & Mau @9 provide a an alge. Y alge, that exarines thr tote of thr aye whtthy a diadLock, has ecewttd. to Aueove, from’ tu deadlock. . 3i $nstUee © 4} each, n_ Ryo TH poe TE al Sr ane eat) a —. ane ean dying a dtadLock - ‘on voniaont aq’ try RAG eallid @ wae pv graph, we a pbtaun this qroph fom thy RAG by ALDEN OUI ‘iy tod ing thy pit Cs . Asowiure & .coapst 1 @ b) wait for quash B, Sewerdl * wg “stares wes a a MAOUNL AUOUNEL “ype : The wait {pv cqaaph sehunné. Ys. ob opplleable Yo * vate mise with multiple instanced | OF * Resoustts - OLD corh msewier ‘DyPe. 4 Available> a vector af ing m indicat su no, q * woblable MLOUNELS q eath Re ' * Avocation > An nem mobux degines dhe no, afAu Cwets ot each “type allocatid, to earth * Requests an nam matux indicats ty wseht AQUA tach paocuss — 4 Request Fi, f]= K ther proux P is requesting k move inetaners af AMOUIUL is sre an C- Aeustion Algorithm Usage {4 dindJocks eceuts grquantly , thal dcteetion “algo, should ba bvoked qryunnily,, _ Rrsounets alloca! tp duadlockad proces pu be” tae ntl the duadbock ean be broke. Recovery __ trav, Readtock : A) Process Termination. se abort aut dtodlocked, prouussts > i will beak thi clea dock, bur at a gent evpense, suet these pouses my have computed for a time & tu usu th eo: i computations be discarded. we Abort one prowss ot a me until thr clradlock. cs is _ dinwnatd > thds method thews tondidurable, sanend’, siner oft’ each pros 4 abottd a peodlock- acre ction, mast be invoked to dutexmins whut 9 processes wi deadlocked | dome pth potions ane en we ohok the pl ey thy phouss 7 yy How many “Prousses’ wu nud 4p be. deuninated f* he EE ae T th prouss has to 1 how uth, (49) No th protuss will compute’ b ve womputing AS dusinated task ? “ee? d * Hoo many & what type of AuoUMLs any protiss hie g Y HOw mi move AUOWLS thr prowss netds In ord. tb w 9 B. Resowie Preembtion, ; To eliminate diaclocks using piwounee rumpler, we eee, pmurpt some ALAOUILELS oi % gue ther’ awowittd to oth prowsces url Asa dock Ce da baoken, ) seneting_o victin > which Auouser % whith pro ceses au to be paumpied 3 4) RoWbatk > aft eat eortinut usth 3 posma) exeentiin gome needed Atapuntes, Wwe mast Aou~ YW. misst bork, the ts to some sake tote Austant et ye thot Atode. shat Audourers wl not 5) staswation > we fom the same proeuss ? always be