NAVAS CHEEMADAN

HIGHER SECONDARY EXAMINATION

ZOOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM
ANSWER KEY-BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GAS
Qn Scoring Key Score
I. Answer any 3 questions from 1-5. Each carries 1 score.
1 Larynx 1
2 Simple diffusion 1
3 b. pO2 is high and pCO2 is low 1
4 Carbonic anhydrase 1
5 Renal Calculi,all others are disorders of respiratory system.Renal 1
Calculi is associated with disorder of excretory system
II Answer any 9 questions from 6-16. Each carries 2 score.
6 Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the 2
volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis. The contraction of
external inter-costal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an
increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis. The
overall increase in the thoracic volume causes a similar increase in pulmonary
volume. An increase in pulmonary volume decreases the intra-pulmonary
pressure to less than the atmospheric pressure which forces the air from
outside to move into the lungs, i.e., inspiration.
7 (i) Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in
and CO2 rich alveolar air is released out.
(ii) Diffusion of gases (O2 and CO2) across alveolar membrane. 0.5
(iii) Transport of gases by the blood. 0.5
(iv) Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues. 0.5
(v) Utilisation of O2 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of 0.5
CO2
8 a)Respiratory Rhythm centre 0.5
b)Haemoglobin 0.5
c)Through plasma in dissolved state 0.5
d) Inspiratory capacity,all others are respiratory volume.Ispiratory capacity 0.5
belongs to respiratory capacity
9 Volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration is called tidal 1
volume.
Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal 1
respiration. It is about 6000 to 8000 mL of air per minute.
The hourly tidal volume for a healthy human can be calculated as:
Tidal volume = 6000 to 8000 mL/minute
Tidal volume in an hour = 6000 to 8000 mL × (60 min)

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= 3.6 × 105 mL to 4.8 × 105 mL
Therefore, the hourly tidal volume for a healthy human is approximately 3.6
× 105 mL to 4.8 × 105 mL.

10 a)Residual volume
Volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration.
0.5
Functional residual capacity
Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after
a normal expiration. FRC=ERV+RV. 0.5
b)Inspiratory reserve volume
Additional volume of air, a person can inspire by a forcible
0.5
inspiration.

Expiratory reserve volume

Additional volume of air, a person can expire by a forcible
expiration. 0.5

11 a)Oxygen dissociation curve 0.5

b)Sigmoid curve 0.5
c))20mmHg 0.5
c)This is highly useful in studying the effect of factors like pCO2, H+ 0.5
concentration, etc., on binding of O2 with haemoglobin.
12 Diaphragm,intercostals muscle (Extenal/internal) 1+1
13 a)Basement susbstance 0.5
b)Pharynx 0.5
c) During swallowing glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap
called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx. 1
14 A-Pharynx 0.5
B-Trachea 0.5
C-Bronchioles 0.5
D-Alveolus 0.5
15 Column A Column B 0.5
Earth worms Moist cuticle 0.5
Aquatic arthropods Gills 0.5
Birds Lungs 0.5
Insects Tracheal tubule
16 iv) Each haemoglobin molecule can carry a maximum of four 1
molecules of O2
ii) The volume of air involved in breathing movements can be 1
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estimated by using a spirometer
III-Answer any 3 questions from 17-20. Each carries 3 score
17 1.Transports the atmospheric air to the alveoli 1
2. Clears it from foreign particles 1
3. Humidification of the air
4. Brings the air to body temperature (Any three function) 1
18 a)
A-Inspiration B-Expiration 1+1
b)High PO2,Low PCo2,Low Temperature, Low H+ 1
19 About 97 per cent of O2 is transported by RBCs in the blood. The remaining 3
per cent of O2 is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma. In the
alveoli, there is high pO2, low pCO2, lesser H+ concentration and lower
temperature, the factors are all favourable for the formation of 3
oxyhaemoglobin. In the tissues, low pO2, high pCO2 , hig H+ concentration
and higher temperature exist, this conditions are favourable for dissociation
of oxygen from the oxyhaemoglobin.
20 Lungs are covered by a double layered pleura, with pleural fluid between
them. It reduces friction on the lung-surface.The thoracic chamber is formed 3
dorsally by the vertebral column, ventrally by the sternum, laterally by the
ribs and on the lower side by the dome-shaped diaphragm

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