LOGIC p-ISSN : 1412-114X
Journal of Engineering Design and Technology e-ISSN : 2580-5649
Vol. x No.x month xxxx ; p. x - x http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/LOGIC
REDESIGN OF CLOVE DRYER SIMULATION
MACHINE USING HEAT WASTE OF RADIATOR AS
THE HEAT SOURCE
1) Mechanical Engineering I Kadek Ervan Hadi Wiryanta 1), I Gusti Agung Mas Krisna
Department, Bali State
Polytechnic, Kampus Bukit Komala Sari 2), I Made Anom Adiaksa 3)
Jimbaran Street, Badung,
Bali, Indonesia
2) Tourism Department, Bali Abstract. In this study, a redesign to a clove dryer simulation tool using
State Polytechnic, Kampus exhaust heat from radiator as a source of heat energy has been done. The
Bukit Jimbaran Street,
dryer simulation tool consists of reservoir tank, a heater, a pump to
Badung, Bali, Indonesia
3) Mechanical Engineering
circulate the water in the system, a radiator as a heat exchanger and a drying
Department, Bali State chamber with 2 shelves. The redesign stage is carried out by fixing the
Polytechnic, Kampus Bukit piping insulation system, changing the pipe and adding valve controls to
Jimbaran Street, Badung, vary the velocity of the fluid flow. Variations made are variations in the
Bali, Indonesia mass flow rate of 0.09 kg / s and 0.18 kg /s with a constant air flow rate of 1
m/s. The results of the analysis show that at a higher mass flow rate of 0.18
Correponding email 1) : kg/s the average rate of heat transfer from the radiator air side is higher,
ervanhw@pnb.ac.id which is around 3971.65 watts. The effectiveness of the radiator will also be
higher at a higher mass flow rate, the average is 0.34 at a mass flow rate of
0.09 kg/s and 0.43 at a mass flow rate of 0.18 kg /s. For drying rates with a
load of 2 kg of cloves with a higher flow rate of liquid will be faster, which
is about 5 hours with a flow rate of 0.18 kg/s and 6.5 hours at a flow rate of
0.09 kg/s
Keywords : Redesign, Dryer Simulation, Radiator Heat Waste, Fluid Flow Variation.
1. INTRODUCTION
Radiator is a compact heat exchanger that is used to transfer heat energy from one medium to another
for the purpose of cooling and heating. As a compact heat exchanger, the radiator has various types depends on
the configuration of the radiator core. So far, radiators are widely known in the automotive industries as a tool
to control the temperature of the engine so that the engine temperature stays in the optimal condition between
80°C - 90°C. As a heat exchanger, the radiator certainly produces a waste product in the form of exhaust heat
which of course can be used for heating or drying purposes.
For a drying purpose, it is important to know the performance of the radiator first, especially those
related to the results of the exhaust heat that can be produced by the radiator. Several studies of radiator
performance have been carried experimentally and numerically by varying the mass flow rate of fluid flow in
the radiator. This is done in several conditions and by using several different working fluids. An experimental
research has been analyzed in a corrugated plate type heat exchanger, where the result showed that the heat
transfer coefficient increases with the increasing of mass flow rate for various working fluids. [1]. The
experiment to knows the effect of the heat transfer characteristic in automotive radiator has been done by
varying the coolant flow rate, with the result showed that the increasing of coolant flow rate will also
increasing the Nusselt (Nu) number of the coolant. [2]. Experiment to analyze the effect of mass flow rate on
the convective heat transfer coefficient also done to a constant velocity on constant area. [3]. An experimental
was also carried out to determine the effect of mass flow rate on pressure drop and heat transfer in a drying
chamber, which the result showed that the higher the temperature at the drying chamber inlet, the lower the
pressure drop. The pressure drop will increase with the increasing of mass flow rate. [4]. Numerical research
has also done to analyze mass flow rate effect to the heat transfer rate of automobile radiator using CFD
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Journal of Engineering Design and Technology Vol. x No. x Juni 2018
modeling, and the result showed that as the air mass flow rate increases, the heat transfer rate as well as
efficiency is also increasing. [5].
Based on the description, in this research will be carried out a simple redesign of existing drying
equipment by changing several components of the previous system that have been carried out, such as
variations in fluid flow velocity. The performance observed are the effectiveness and also the air-side
temperature and heat transfer rate of the radiator, so that it will get a good drying result in the drying chamber.
2. METHODS
The research was carried out experimentally by redesigning the system in the simulation of the previous
dryer that made by [6]. The redesign is done by varying the speed of fluid flow inlet the radiator system by
using a valve and flowmeter, so that the radiator can get optimal heat dissipation performance. The other
components in previous dryer tools such as used tube and fins type radiators, water reservoir tanks, heaters, hot
water pumps, thermostat, and cooling fans are still used by checking and repairing several components that
have been broken, such as the thermostat, and replaced piping insulation system to get more effectiveness in
radiator performance. The schematic of the system are shown in figure. 1 below
Figure 1 Schematic experimental set-up
The radiator’s specification used in this research showed in table 1 below
Table 1 Specification of Radiator
No Data Values
1. Radiator’s type Compact heat exchanger- circular tube
continuous fin
2. Radiator’s volume P x L x T= 500mm x 30 mm x 550 mm
3. Tube diameter 10 mm
4. Tube length 330 mm
5. Number of row 2
6. Number of tube per row 22
7. Pitch 11 mm
Analysis of radiator performance is done by using the equation for compact heat exchanger analysis as in the
following equation [7], [8] there were:
Coefficient convection (hcold) :
hcold = St. G. Cp (1)
Heat transfer rate (qcold) :
qcold = hcold.Acold ( Tcin – Tcout ) (2)
Effectiveness radiator (ε) :
qc Ch (Thi-Tho) Cc (Tco-Tci)
= = (3)
qmax Tmin (Thi- Tci) Cmin (Thi-Tci)
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where :
qmax = Cmin . (Th,i – Tc,i) (4)
Ccold = ṁ c . Cpc and Ch =ṁ h . Cph (5)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Redesigning Clove Dryer
Before redesigning the dryer, an analysis is first carried out to calculate the inlet radiator water flow rate to
produce the most effective heat exhaust for clove drying. According to [9], the drying room temperature is 40-
60 ˚C with an average of 52.02 ˚C for drying cloves. From the data, the initial calculation is done to determine
the velocity of the fluid flow inlet the radiator using the effectiveness radiator’s analysis from equation above.
T = 40°-60○
Average Temperature = 52,02○ C
Assuming :
T1 = 70○ C -> 343 K
T2 = 50○ C -> 323 K
T3 = 30○ C -> 303 K
T4 = 42○ C -> 315 K
Radiator’s effectiveness
Tco - Tci T –T
=>
Thi - Tci T1 – T
1
= = 0,3
c Cc (Tco – Tci)
=
h Ch (Thi- Tci)
Air flow rate ( c) => V = 1 m/s
c = ρ • V • Afr
T = 303 k -> ρ = 1,151 16 Kg/m3 ; Cp= 1,007 kj/kg . K
Afr = 50 cm x 55 cm = 0,275 m2 Cp = 1007 J/Kg . K
c = 1,151416 Kj/m m/s . 0,275 m2
c = 0,316 Kg/s
T1 = 343 K ; ρ = 978, 7 Kg/m3 ; Cp = 4189 J/Kg . K
c Cc (T – T )
○> =
h Ch (T1 – T )
818, 5 j/s
=
h 16756 j/kg
=> 50268 h = 3818,544
h = 0,075 kg/s
From the above calculations, in order to get optimal results, a clove dryer simulation tool was
redesigned by adding a flowmeter and valve, replacing the previous 3/8 inch diameter pipe, to 1/2 inch
diameter. This clove dryer simulation tool uses a pump with a maximum capacity of 30 l/ min.
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Figure 2. redesign of clove dryers
3.2. Performance of Clove Dryer
The performance of radiator as a source of the clove dryer has been tested experimentally. The water
as the working fluid has been heated by the heater in the reservoir tank and will be circulated to the radiator by
a pump with a flow rate of 30ℓ / min. The mass flow rate of water inlet radiator are measured using a flow
meter which the speed control using a valve. The heat transfer process of the radiator is carried out by forced
convection using air blowing from the fan with a flow rate of 1 m/s. The temperature of the water enters the
radiator, exits the radiator, the air temperature before the radiator, and the air temperature after the radiator is
measured using a thermocouple. The test results on the temperature of radiator exhaust heat are shown as table
2 and table 3 below
Table 2 Performance of Dryer (ṁ
NO Time T1 T2 T3 T4 m air qc Dryer
(minutes) (K) (K) (K) (K) (kg/s) (Watt) Effectiveness
(ɛ)
1 0 354.5 332.6 302 316.7 0.097 4504.565 0.28
2 5 353 331.3 302 315.4 0.097 4122.055 0.26
3 10 335 329.4 302 313.1 0.098 3437.767 0.34
4 15 332.3 327.2 302 312.6 0.098 3287.734 0.35
5 20 335.4 329.7 302 313.3 0.098 3497.652 0.34
6 25 333 328.3 302 314.2 0.098 3766.237 0.39
7 30 332.1 327.4 302 314.5 0.098 3855.437 0.42
Table 3 Performance of Dryer (ṁ
NO Time T1 T2 T3 T4 m air qc Dryer
(minutes) (K) (K) (K) (K) (kg/s) (Watt) Effectiveness
(ɛ)
1 0 343 338.3 302 317.2 0.186 4650.773 0.37
2 5 336.2 333.4 302 316.6 0.187 4475.037 0.43
3 10 333.3 330 302 316 0.187 4298.485 0.45
4 15 332.1 328.9 302 314.7 0.187 3914.486 0.42
5 20 328.9 326 302 313.9 0.186 3676.785 0.44
6 25 327.1 324.6 302 313 0.186 3407.959 0.44
7 30 326 323 302 312.9 0.186 3378.023 0.45
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From the results of these calculations, the graphical analysis of the radiator performances shows in
Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5. The results show that the radiator output temperature on the air side (T4) is
initially high at the beginning, because the radiator has just began to work dissipate the heat into the
environment, so that the heat dissipation of the radiator was not too effective. The temperature then will tend to
be stable in the range of 314 K for both mass flow rates after 25 minutes. This shows that the heat dissipation
process from the radiator has run quite well, where the heat from the water will be transferred into the
environment by the radiator so that the water temperature will tend to be stable. These were similar to the
radiator output temperatures on the water side (T ) where at the beginning it’s initially high then it will tend to
stabilize in the range of 329 K after 18 minutes work for both mass flow rates.
Figure 3. Radiator temperatures over time
The results of the calculation of the heat transfer rate on the air side (qc) over time shows that at the
beginning the heat transfer rate is high and will tend to decrease. This is in line with the outside radiator
temperature on the air side which tends to decrease compared to the start for both of mass flow rates. The heat
transfer rate will tend to be stable after the 25th minute with an average qc of 3781.64 watts for the mass flow
rate of 0.09 kg/s and 3971.65 watts for mass flow rate 0.18 kg/s. The maximum heat transfer rate values were
4680 watts for the hot water mass flow rate of 0.18 kg/s. From the analysis shows that the effect of mass flow
rate to the performance of radiator’s heat transfer was quite significant The heat transfer rate of air-side
radiator will higher with the higher of mass flow rate.
Figure 4. Heat transfer rate of radiator over time
The results of the radiator’s effectiveness (ɛ) as the source of the clove dryer over time showed a
tendency to increase. This can occur because the circulation process and heat dissipation of the radiator goes
very well. The performance of radiator to circulate the hot water was quite good enough. Radiators are able to
produce exhaust heat that is significant enough to be used as a heat source for drying. The average
effectiveness of the radiator is 0.34 for the mass flow rate of hot water 0.09 kg/s and 0.43 for the mass flow
rate of hot water 0.18 kg/s. From this analysis shows that the average radiator’s effectiveness were higher with
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the higher of mass flow rate. This was similar with the air-side heat transfer rate of radiator.
Figure 5. Radiator effectiveness over time
This clove dryer was also tested with a load of 1 kg of wet clove. The drying time for 1 kg clove is 5
hours 30 minutes with a fluid flow rate of 0.18 kg/s. The average heat dissipation of the radiator is 314.87 K
with the effectiveness of 0.42. For the fluid flow rate 0.09 kg/s, the drying time of 1 kg clove is 6 hours with
the average heat of 314.54 K and the effectiveness of 0.33.
Figure 6. Clove before drying with the dryer tools
Figure 7. Clove after drying with the dryer tools
4. CONCLUSION
From the analysis of thermal radiator’s performances shows the effect of mass flow rates to thermal
radiator’s performances quite significant. The results of the redesign of the clove dryer using a radiator as a
heat source can run well. The system produces the heat exhaust with average temperature 314.87 K with the
effectiveness of 0.42 for the water mass flow rate 0.18 kg/s, and the average temperature 314.54 K for the
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water mass flow rate 0.09 kg/s with the effectiveness of 0.33. The clove dryer using a radiator as the heat
source also can drying the clove properly. For the load of 1 kg wet clove, the drying time are 5 hours and 30
minutes for the variation of water flow rate 0.18 kg/s and 6 hours for the water mass flow rate 0.09 kg/s.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to acknowledge The Directorate of Research and Community Service,
Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Republic of Indonesia for funding this research.
Authors also like to thank full to the research team and all the staff of Mechanical Engineering Department of
Bali State Polytechnic for the support.
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