Electromagnetics:

Microwave Engineering

Rectangular Waveguide
Cavity Resonators

Lecture Outline

• Resonant Frequencies of Rectangular Cavity

• Design of a Rectangular Cavity Resonator

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 Resonant Frequencies of Rectangular Cavity
𝑦

𝑎 𝑥
𝑑
𝑥 𝑧 𝑥 𝑧

Resonant Frequencies of Rectangular Cavity

The transverse electric fields 𝐸𝑥 , 𝐸𝑦 of the TE𝑚𝑛 and TM𝑚𝑛 𝑦
rectangular waveguide mode are

𝐸𝑡 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑒Ԧ 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐴+ 𝑒 −𝑗𝛽𝑚𝑛𝑧 + 𝐴− 𝑒 𝑗𝛽𝑚𝑛𝑧
𝑏
The propagation constant of the 𝑚, 𝑛th TE or TM mode is
0
𝑚𝜋 2 𝑛𝜋 2
𝛽𝑚𝑛 = 𝑘2 − − 𝜇, 𝜖
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑥
𝑑
𝑘 = 𝜔 𝜇𝜖
𝑧

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 Resonant Frequencies of Rectangular Cavity
Applying the conditions for perfectly conducting walls at 𝑦
𝑧=0
𝐸𝑡 = 0
𝐴+ = −𝐴− 𝑏
and at 𝑧 = 𝑑, 0
+
𝐸𝑡 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑑 = −𝑒Ԧ 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐴 2𝑗 sin 𝛽𝑚𝑛 𝑑 = 0
𝑎 𝑥
And the only nontrivial solution is when
𝑑
𝛽𝑚𝑛 𝑑 = 𝑙𝜋, 𝑙 = 1,2,3 …

the cavity must be an integer multiple of half- 𝑧

wavelength guide at resonant frequency.
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Resonant Frequencies of Rectangular Cavity

A resonance wavenumber for the rectangular cavity can be 𝑦
defined as

2 2 2
𝑚𝜋 𝑛𝜋 𝑙𝜋
𝑘𝑚𝑛𝑙 = + + 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑑

We can refer to the TE𝑚𝑛𝑙 or TM𝑚𝑛𝑙 resonant mode of 0

the cavity, where the standing wave pattern variations
correspond to 𝑥
𝑎
𝑚 → 𝑥 − direction 𝑑
𝑛 → 𝑦 − direction
𝑙 → 𝑧 − direction
𝑧

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 Resonant Frequencies of Rectangular Cavity
𝑦
The resonant frequency is given by

𝑏
2 2 2
𝑐𝑘𝑚𝑛𝑙 𝑐 𝑚𝜋 𝑛𝜋 𝑙𝜋
𝑓𝑚𝑛𝑙 = = + +
2𝜋 𝜇𝑟 𝜖𝑟 2𝜋 𝜇𝑟 𝜖𝑟 𝑎 𝑏 𝑑 0

𝑎 𝑥
For 𝑏 < 𝑎 < 𝑑, the dominant resonant mode is the TE101
mode. The dominant 𝑇𝑀 resonant mode is the TM110 mode. 𝑑

Unloaded 𝑄 of the TE10𝑙 mode

The unloaded 𝑄 with lossy dielectric filling but perfectly 𝑦
conductor walls is
2𝜔𝑊𝑒 𝜖′ 1
𝑄𝑑 = = ′′ =
𝑃𝑑 𝜖 tan 𝛿 𝑏
The unloaded 𝑄 with lossy conducting walls but
lossless dielectric is 0

2𝜔0 𝑊𝑒 𝑘𝑎𝑑 3 𝑏𝜂 1
𝑄𝑐 = = 𝑎 𝑥
𝑃𝑐 2𝜋 𝑅𝑠 2𝑙 𝑎 𝑏 + 2𝑏𝑑 + 𝑙2 𝑎3 𝑑 + 𝑎𝑑 3
2 2 3 3

𝑑
And the total unloaded 𝑄 is
−1
1 1 𝑧
𝑄0 = +
𝑄𝑐 𝑄𝑑
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4
 Design of a Rectangular Cavity Resonator
A rectangular waveguide cavity is made from a piece of 𝑦
copper WR − 187 H-band waveguide, with 𝑎 = 4.755 cm
and 𝑏 = 2.215 cm. The cavity is filled with polyethylene
𝜖𝑟 = 2.25, tan 𝛿 = 0.0004 . If the resonance is to occur at 𝑏
𝑓 = 5 GHz, find the required length 𝑑, and the resulting
unloaded 𝑄 for the 𝑙 = 1 and 𝑙 = 2 resonant modes. 0

𝑎 𝑥
𝑑

Design of a Rectangular Cavity Resonator

Solution: 𝑦

We first calculate the wavenumber 𝑘 at 5 GHz

𝑏
2𝜋𝑓 𝜖𝑟
𝑘= = 157.08/𝑚
𝑐 0
The dominant mode is TE101 so 𝑚 = 1, 𝑛 = 0. Then we
can find the resonance for 𝑙 = 1 and 2 𝑎 𝑥
𝑑
𝑙𝜋
𝑑=
𝜋
𝑘 2 − 𝑎 ^2 𝑧

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5
 Design of a Rectangular Cavity Resonator
Solution: 𝑦

For 𝑙 = 1,
𝑏
𝑑 = 2.20 cm
For 𝑙 = 2, 0
𝑑 = 4.40 cm
𝑎 𝑥
𝑑

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Design of a Rectangular Cavity Resonator

Solution: 𝑦

Now we can calculate the unloaded 𝑄. The 𝑄 due to

conductor loss is given by 𝑏

𝑘𝑎𝑑 3 𝑏𝜂 1 0
𝑄𝑐 =
2𝜋 2 𝑅𝑠 2𝑙 2 𝑎3 𝑏 + 2𝑏𝑑3 + 𝑙 2 𝑎3 𝑑 + 𝑎𝑑 3

377 𝑎 𝑥
Where 𝜂 = = 251.3 Ω for polyethylene.
𝜖𝑟
𝑑
For 𝑙 = 1, 𝑄𝑐 = 8,403
For 𝑙 = 2, 𝑄𝑐 = 11,898 𝑧

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 Design of a Rectangular Cavity Resonator
Solution: 𝑦

The 𝑄 due to dielectric loss is given by

𝑏
1
𝑄𝑑 = = 2,500
tan 𝛿 0
For both 𝑙 = 1 and 2. Then the total unloaded 𝑄𝑠 are
𝑎 𝑥
1 1 −1
For 𝑙 = 1, 𝑄0 = + 2,500 = 1927 𝑑
8,403
1 1 −1
For 𝑙 = 2, 𝑄0 = + = 2065
11,898 2,500 𝑧

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