STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
CE151
Lecture :3 Year : I
Tutorial :1 Part : II
Practical : 2/2
Course Objectives:
The primary goal of the course is to build the fundamental understanding of students on
geometric properties of sections, material behavior, stress-strain relations, flexure,
torsion, buckling and failure types in the structural elements due to external loads and
temperature variations. After completing this course, students should be able to
develop competency on material behavior and their analysis due to external loadings
and temperature change, evaluate geometric properties of complex geometric figures
and analyze structural members under flexure, shear, torsion and buckling
1 Simple Stress and Strain (10 hours)
1.1 Introduction to Strength of Materials
1.2 Deformable bodies, external forces, internal stresses and strains
1.3 Types of stresses: Normal stress, shear stress, bearing stress
1.4 Material behavior under axial loading: Stress-strain diagram for mild steel,
yield stress, proportional limit, elastic limit, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus of
elasticity, strain hardening, ultimate stress/strength, ductility, toughness,
elastic and inelastic strains, concept of factor of safety and
allowable/permissible stress
1.5 Stress-strain behavior for ductile and brittle materials, proof stress
1.6 Fatigue and creep strength
1.7 Thermal stress and strain in simple, compound, composite and
indeterminate bars
1.8 Lateral strains and Poisson’s ratio
1.9 Shear deformation and shear angle; Hooke’s law for shearing
deformations, modulus of rigidity
1.10 Multi-axial loading and generalized Hooke’s law
1.11 Definitions of isotropic, anisotropic and orthotropic materials
1.12 Volumetric stress-strain, bulk modulus
1.13 Relationships between elastic constants
1.14 Saint-Venant’s principle and stress concentrations
1.15 Elongation of bars under axial loadings: Uniform and varying cross-
sections, tapered sections, compound and composite bars
1.16 Use of compatibility equations for axially loaded indeterminate bars
2 Geometric Properties of Sections (5 hours)
2.1 Axes of symmetry
2.2 Centre of gravity of plane and built-up sections
2.3 Moment of inertia of standard and built-up sections
2.4 Parallel and perpendicular axis theorems
2.5 Polar moment of inertia
2.6 Radius of gyration
2.7 Product moment of inertia
2.8 Principal axes and principal moment of inertia
2.9 Mohr’s circle for principle moment of inertia
3 Principal Stress Analysis in 2D planes (5 hours)
3.1 Stresses in inclined plane: Normal stress under uniaxial loading, Normal
and shear stress subjected to two mutually perpendicular planes
3.2 Principal planes and principal stresses
3.3 Relationships between normal and shear stresses
3.4 Maximum shear stresses
3.5 Mohr’s circle diagram for principal stresses
4 Principal Strain Analysis (4 hours)
4.1 Plane strain: Normal and shear strains in inclined planes
4.2 Principal strains, maximum in-plane shear strains and their positions
4.3 Mohr’s circle diagram for plane strain
4.4 Absolute maximum shear strain
4.5 Strain rosettes
4.6 Modes of failure for different materials
4.7 Introduction of failure theories
5 Thin Walled Vessels (3 hours)
5.1 Introduction and characteristics
5.2 Types of stresses and strains in cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels
5.3 Calculation of stresses and strains in pressure vessels
6 Torsion (5 hours)
6.1 Introduction to torsion
6.2 Stress-strain behavior in torsion
6.3 Derivation of torsion formula for a circular shaft
6.4 Torsional moments: Series and parallel combination of shafts and
composite shaft
6.5 Torsional stress in shafts, torsional resilience
6.6 Comparison between solid and hollow shafts
6.7 Power transmitted by shafts
6.8 Statically indeterminate shafts
6.9 Introduction to non-circular shafts
6.10 Combined bending and torsion
7 Theory of Flexure (8 hours)
7.1 Introduction to flexure
7.2 Coplanar and pure bending
7.3 Derivation of bending equation
7.4 Distribution of bending stress across the different beam cross-sections
7.5 Analysis of beams for symmetric and composite sections
7.6 Shear equation, shear stress variation in rectangular, circular, I and T
sections
7.7 Concept of slope and deflection in beams using double integration method:
Simply supported and cantilever beams
8 Column Theory (5 hours)
8.1 Introduction: Buckling and stability of columns
8.2 Classification based on slenderness ratio
8.3 Effect of support conditions and effective length
8.4 Derivation of Euler’s formula for different end conditions, limitations and
applicability
8.5 Intermediate columns: Rankine’s hypothesis
8.6 Introduction to uniaxial and biaxial eccentric loading, condition for no
tension
Tutorial (15 hours)
1. Problems on stresses and strains on regular and irregular structural
members due to external forces, self-weight and temperature change
2. Problems on geometrical properties of 2-D sections
3. Problems on principal stresses
4. Problems on principal strains
5. Problems on thin walled vessels
6. Problems on circular shafts due to torsion
7. Problems on flexure and deformation of beams
8. Problems on columns and compound stresses
Practical (15 hours)
1. Tensile test and stress-stress curve for mild steel bar, HYSD bar, timber
2. CG of simple plane figure
3. Simple bending test on timber, steel, aluminum beams: Deflection, flexural
relations and MoI comparisons
4. Torsion test on simple shaft to determine modulus of rigidity
5. Test on column behavior and buckling
Final Exam
The questions will cover all the chapters in the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be
as indicated in the table below:
Chapter Hours Mark distribution*
1 10 13
2 5 7
3 5 7
4 4 5
5 3 4
6 5 7
7 8 10
8 5 7
Total 45 60
* There may be minor deviation in marks distribution.
Reference
1. Beer F.P. and Johnston E.R., (2015). Mechanics of Material. Tata McGraw
Hill.
2. Gere J.M., Timoshenko S.P., (2002). Mechanics of Materials, 5th Edition.
Nelson Thornes.
3. Rajput R.K., (2018). A Textbook of Strength of Materials, 7th Edition. S.
Chand and Company Limited
4. Vavikatti S. S., (2013). Strength of Materials, 4th Edition. Vikas Publishing
House, New Delhi.
5. Popov E.P., (1978). Mechanics of Material, 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall of India
6. Pytel A., Singer F.L., (1998). Strength of Materials, 4th Edition. Harper
Collins, India.
7. Hibbeler R.C., (2004). Statics and Mechanics of Materials, SI Edition.
Prentice-Hall.
8. Motra G.B. A text book of strength of materials, 2nd Edition. Heritage
Publishers & Distributors.
