BRIDGING

PROGRAM
 11

ORAL
COMMUNICATION
IN CONTEXT
 QUARTER 1
MODULE 1
NATURE, PROCESS,
AND FUNCTIONS
OF COMMUNICATION
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Oral Communication in Context Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Nature, Process, and Functions of Communication !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Oral Communication in Context Self-Learning Module (SLM)

Nature, Process, and Functions of Communication!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Hello! Have you ever realized how important communication is in our lives?

It is the key to live a successful life. Being able to communicate effectively is one of

the most important life skills one should acquire for it almost helps all aspects of

life- from personal to professional life and everything that falls in between.

Surely you will enjoy the learning activities here as they will give you

opportunity to gain understanding about communication-its nature, its process,

and its five basic functions.

In this module, you will be able to:

 explain the functions, the nature, and the process

of communication (/EN11/12OC-Ia-2/)

Specifically, you are expected to:

 identify the nature of communication;

 determine the elements of communication;

 explain the process of communication;

 discuss the functions of communication

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 What I Know

Before we start with our lesson, let us first check your knowledge about the

nature, process, and functions of communication by answering the following

questions. Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before each

number.

1. Which of the following elements of communication refers to the

information or ideas conveyed by the speaker?

a. receiver

b. context

c. channel

d. message

2. Which function of communication is served when people’s feelings are

being invoked?

a. control

b. social interaction

c. emotional expression

d. information dissemination

e.

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. Communication occurs between two or more people.

b. Communication is a means of connecting people or places.

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c. Communication cannot be expressed in both spoken words and

nonverbal actions at the same time.

d. Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or

information from one person to another.

4. Which is NOT part of the communication process?

a. Adding an idea

b. Encoding an idea

c. Receiving an idea

d. Generating an idea

5. Which of the following situations depicts a communication that informs?

a. Monica shares her personal frustrations with Liza.

b. The principal announces the cancellation of classes.

c. The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies to her students.

d. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live peacefully despite a

complicated life.

6. Which is not performed by sender in the process of communication?

a. Encoding an idea

b. Generating an idea

c. Sending a message

d. Decoding a message

7. What is provided by the receiver after decoding a message?

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 a. Noise

b. Message

c. Channel

d. Feedback

8. What is the purpose of the speaker in this excerpt, “Good evening, I would

like to welcome you in our annual meeting. Our speaker for this evening is Mrs.

Thelma Hall. She will speak to us about the importance of early Childhoods

Nutrition Programme”?

a. To inform

b. To motivate

c. To control/regulate

d. To express emotion

9. Which of the following situations depicts communication that

controls/regulates behavior?

a. Telling someone to keep quiet

b. Asking people to donate blood for others

c. Convincing friends to hang out in the mall

d. Delegates introducing themselves in a student conference

10. It is a type of communication that doesn’t convey a message using words.

a. Oral Communication

b. Verbal Communication

c. Written Communication

d. Nonverbal Communication

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11. Sometimes when communicating, you simply respond with a certain look

or glance. What type of communication is this?

a. Oral Communication

b. Verbal Communication

c. Written Communication

d. Nonverbal Communication

12. The following could be channels of communication except .

a. Memos

b. Vehicle

c. Discussions

d. Policy statements

13. Which of the following best defines communication?

a. Communication can occur among people.

b. Communication is a system of sending messages only.

c. Communication is imparting of information through words.

d. Communication is exchanging of thoughts, ideas, and messages

through speech, writing, signals, and body language.

14. It is the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the

receiver.

a. Sending

b. Encoding

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 c. Decoding

d. Providing Feedback

15. What is the purpose of the speaker when his or her tone and bodily actions

are authoritative and firm when communicating?

a. To inform

b. To control/regulate

c. To express emotion

d. To motivate/persuade

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 Lesson Nature, Process, and
1 Functions of
Communication

Can you imagine yourself in a world without communication? You would not

be able to get your ideas across and you would not be able to take in ideas from

others. Possessing effective communication skills can really improve one’s life as it

would allow others and yourself to understand information accurately and quickly.

In contrast, having poor communication skills would lead you to frequent

misunderstandings and frustrations. Therefore, it is very important to have clear

understanding of its nature, the process, and its functions as it helps achieve

successful communication.

What’s In

According to Weber (2008) as cited by Dapat, et.al. (2016), 70% of the

person’s waking time is spent communicating in different manners like talking,

listening, reading, and writing. If you were to divide your daily communication

activities, how many percent would you give to each of the following communication

manners? Write it down by accomplishing the activity below.

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Activity 1. Start Assessing Yourself!

Directions: Assess your communication activities by writing down your assigned

percentage in every communication manner.

Communication Activity Your Percentage Average Percentage

Talking 30
Listening 45
Writing 9
Reading 16
Total 70%
Take Note: This is the average time that people spend communicating, especially

the 45% listening statistics but these percentages may vary from person to person.

How is your assessment? Are you below or beyond the average? Your time

spent in talking, listening, writing, and reading will tell who you are as a

communicator.

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 What’s New

You have just assessed your communication activities. To become successful

in communication, you need to gain more understanding about our lesson. Just

enjoy in discovering ideas. Let’s get started!

Activity 2: Read, Match, and Complete!

A. Directions: Read the communication scenario inside the box and gain

insights about what communication is. Be ready to do the Match and the

Complete activities below.

A student, who lives in an apartment near the university where

he enrolls, wants some money for his rental and his monthly

allowance. Using his android phone, he sends a text message to his

father asking him to send him money. The father sends money through

Palawan Express Pera Padala, along with a text message cautioning his

son to be responsible in spending it. In both cases (sending the money

and sending text message), the father is responding to the

communication initiated by his son.

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B. Directions: Match the items in Column A with their descriptions in Column B

based on the above scenario by drawing lines to connect the dots.

Column A Column B

1. student• • a. asking money from his father

2. father• • b. the one who wants and asks money

3. text message• • c. the student’s means to ask money

4. student’s message• • d. sending money and a text message

5. father’s response• • e. the one who sends money and the text message

C. Directions: Complete the diagram of communication process by putting the

missing elements listed below in correct box.

(Receiver Encoding Channel Decoding Feedback)

Sender 8.

6. Message 7. Message 9.

10.

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 What is It

You’ve just completed a set of activities. Have you now discovered some

insights about communication? Discover more! Just keep going with our activities.

Activity 3: Recall and Share!

Directions: Recall the communication activity performed between the student and

his father. Then, share your ideas about what communication is by completing the

statements on the spaces provided through the given guides.

1. In the given scenario, the student wants money at first. So, he sends a text

message asking money from his father. The father receives the message and responds

by sending money and a text message. The actions are in sequence. With these,

what can you say about communication?

Communication is a

2. The father and the student are involved in communication activity. The student

sends the message and the father receives and responds to the student’s message

by sending money and a text message. With these, what else can you say about

communication?

Communication occurs

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3. The student in the scenario has an idea to communicate to his father through a

text message. With this, what other characteristic would you say about

communication?

Communication can be expressed

4. How does communication between the student and his father take place? What

happen first? What happens next? How does it end? With these, what can you say

about the process of communication?

Communication process starts with

5. Do you just talk because you love to talk to others? In the scenario, the student

communicates to his father for a purpose. What do you think is his purpose? It is

one of the functions of communication.

Communication performs five important functions namely

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Definition of Communication

According to Mc Cornack (2014) as cited by Sipacio and Balgos (2016),

communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information

from one person to another within and across channel, context, media, and

cultures. There is a wide variety of contexts and situations in which communication

can be manifested. It can be face to face interaction, a phone conversation, a group

discussion, a meeting or interview, a letter correspondence, a class recitation, and

many others.

Nature of Communication

1. Communication is a process.

2. Communication occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the receiver).

3. Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions

(nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time.

Elements of Communication

It is very important to understand the process of communication because you will

be able to better communicate your personal and professional life. As described as a

process, sender-receiver needs other elements to be able to complete the method. To

better understand the process, study and analyze the diagram below:

COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Sender Receiver

Encoding Message Channel Message Decoding

Feedback Barrier

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 Process of Communication

The speaker generates an idea.

The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or actions.

The speaker transmits or sends out a message.

The receiver gets the message.

The receiver decodes or interprets the message based on the context.

The receiver sends or provides feedback.

1. Speaker- the source of information or message

2. Message- the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in

words or in actions

3. Encoding-the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other

forms that the speaker understands

4. Channel- the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal

or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed

5. Decoding-the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by

the receiver

6. Receiver- the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message

7. Feedback-the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver

8. Context- the environment where communication takes place

9. Barrier- the factors that affect the flow of communication

Functions of Communication

People do not just communicate because they love to talk. They

communicate for several reasons. For successful communication, it is important to

have clear purpose in mind.

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 Basically, there are five functions of communication. These are:

1. Control/Regulation- to control or regulate behavior or direct others, words are

usually directives, order, or requests, and tone and bodily actions are authoritative

and firm

Example: The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies to her students.

2. Social Interaction- to interact with others and be connected with other people,

words are mostly informal terms, and tone is friendly, even teasing, and bodily

action is relaxed

Example: Rose greets Rachelle; then, they start talking about their high school

memories.

3. Motivation-to motivate or encourage others to live better, words are more

direct and purposeful, gestures are emphatic, tone of voice is forceful, and with

direct eye contact to underscore speaker’s sincerity and conviction

Example: Liza shares her insights on how to live peacefully despite a complicated life.

4. Emotional Expression-to express feelings and emotions, words are carefully

chosen, and some nonverbal cues like touching, hand holding or hugging, putting

an arm around someone’s shoulder are evident

Example: Rica shares her personal frustrations to her friend, Cathy.

5. Information Dissemination- to convey information, words like “po and opo” are

used, simple words for children, not using too much jargon, actual demonstration,

and showing pictures or video

Example: The Geometry teacher lectures about mathematical concepts.

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 What’s More

You’ve already gained much insights about communication. This time, you

are challenged to do more. Show More understanding of our lesson. Do the

activities independently.

Activity 4: Guess the Word!

Directions: Supply the missing letters to form words associated to communication.

Your clues are written inside the parentheses.

1. P _ O _ _ _ S ( a 7-letter word which means series of actions)

2. I _ T _ _ _ _ T _ _ N ( an 11-letter word which means doings between

individuals or groups)

3. V _ _ B _ _ ( a 7-letter word which means relating to words)

4. N_ _ _ E _ _ _ L (a 9-letter word which means not involving words)

Activity 5: Speak Up the Process!

Directions: Speak up your understanding of the communication process by

arranging the statements below using numbers 1 to 6.

Rico hears what Daphne says.

Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a friend.

He frowns and does not say something, because he is in pain.

She thinks of how to tell him using their native language.

She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang kaibigan.’.

He tries to analyze what she means based on the content and their
relationship, and he is heartbroken.

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Activity 6: What Can you Say?

Directions: What function of communication is depicted by the picture in every

number. Write Information, Control/Regulation, Motivation, Social Interaction or

Emotional Expression on the space provided.

1.

4.

2.

5.

3.

____________________

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 What I Have Learned

It’s time for you to seal your understanding of our lesson. Do the activity

confidently.

Activity 7: Fill Me Up!

Directions: Fill the blanks with appropriate words to complete the paragraph

about communication by supplying words that best complete it. Write your words

on the spaces provided.

Communication is a 1. of sharing and conveying messages or

information that occurs between two or more people (2. and 3.

). It can be expressed through 4. or spoken words, 5.

(nonverbal), or both verbal and 6. at the same

time. It has elements which serve as the main components of the

communication process namely: sender, encoding 7. , channel,

8. , decoding, feedback, context, and barrier. Every action

and every word in communication have their function like 9. ,

social interaction, motivation, control/regulation, or 10. .

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 What I Can Do

You have come this far. Congratulations! This time, you are encouraged to

visualize your understanding!

Activity 8: Show your Cooperation!

Directions: Make a Comic Strip of two panels about this pandemic crisis showing

your cooperation to the government’s precautionary measures to avoid the spread

of the virus, Covid 19. Given the situations with the identified purposes written

inside the parentheses, identify the elements of communication based on the

completed comic strips.

Situation 1: Your parent and you at home (Control/Regulation)

Sender:
Receiver:
Message:
Feedback:

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Situation 2: A purok official and you in a basketball court (Motivation)

Sender:
Receiver:
Message:
Feedback:

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 Assessment

It’s time for you to display your understanding of the topic of this module.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on the

space provided before every number.

1. Which doesn’t belong to the group?

a. sender

b. model

c. receiver

d. feedback

2. Communication can be expressed through the following except .

a. time

b. actions

c. written or spoken words

d. both spoken words and actions

3. In the communication process, the sender performs the following except

a. decoding ideas

b. encoding ideas

c. generating ideas

d. sending the message

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 4. Which of the following elements of communication refers to the process

of converting the idea into words or actions by the speaker?

a. receiver

b. channel

c. encoding

d. decoding

5. Which of the following cannot be considered nature of communication?

a. Communication is a process.

b. Communication only occurs between two people.

c. Communication can be expressed in words, in actions, or both words and

actions at the same time.

d. Communication occurs between the speaker and the receiver.

6. Which order best explains the process of communication?

A. The receiver gets the message.

B. The speaker transmits or sends out a message.
C. The speaker generates an idea.
D. The receiver decodes or interprets the message based on the context.
E. The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or
actions.
F. The receiver sends or provide feedback.

a. ABCDEF

b. CEBADF

c. FEDCBA

d. CEABDF

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 7. Decoding an idea means .

a. generating an idea

b. converting the idea into words or actions

c. sending out the message

d. interpreting the message based on the context

For items 8-12, refer to the communication situations below:

Communication Situations:

A. A lecture on Subject-Verb Agreement

B. Delivering a valedictory address

C. A mother sharing the pain of not respected by her children

D. Friends getting together and enjoying each other’s company

E. Telling someone to wear mask

8. Which of the situations shows communication as information dissemination?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

9. Which of the situations given above shows communication as motivation?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

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 10. Which of the situations shows communication as emotional expression?

a. B

b. C

c. D

d. E

11. Which of the situations shows communication as social interaction?

a. D

b. E

c. A

d. B

12. Which of the situations shows communication as control/regulation?

a. E

b. A

c. B

d. C

13. When you are tasked to report “Types of Speech Style” in Oral

Communication class, what do you think is your purpose of communication?

a. motivation

b. social interaction

c. emotional expression

d. information dissemination

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 14. Communications that usually take place between the guidance counselor

and the referred student are for the purpose of .

a. motivation

b. social interaction

c. control/regulation

d. information dissemination

15. When speaker’s purpose is to control or regulate behavior, he or she

should use what type of words?

a. words that are mostly informal terms

b. words that are direct and purposeful

c. words that are usually directives, orders, or requests

d. words like “po and opo” and simple words

Additional Activities

You are now to design and create your ideas of our lesson. Be informative

and creative.

Activity 9: Design and Create Now!

Directions: Design an Infographic showing the nature, process, and functions of

communication. Be guided by the rubric given and post your work in our Google

Classroom.

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RUBRIC:

Criteria 1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points

The poster It does not It has a title that It has a clear

has no title. have a title gives a title that ties
that lets the reasonable idea into the subject
Title reader know of what the of the poster.
what the poster is about.
poster is
about.
All required Most of the It has most of It has all of the
elements required the required required
needed to elements to elements to elements to
make the make reader make the make reader
reader understand reader understand the
understand the meaning of understand the meaning of the
Guidelines the the poster are meaning of the poster and all
meaning of missing or all poster. elements are
the poster elements are placed in a well
are missing. there but their thought out
placement way.
would cause
the reader’s
confusion.
It does not It does not It has some It has clear and
have any have clear and clear and relevant
graphics/pi relevant relevant graphics/pictur
ctures, no graphics/pictu graphics/pictur es that are
outlining, res that are es that are outlined or
and important to important in colored, and are
information the meaning of explaining the important in
Presentation is in pencil. the poster and meaning of the explaining the
its information poster and are meaning of the
may or may mostly outlined, poster and all
not lack and the information is
outlining and information clear and easy
information makes sense. to read.
may be
difficult

to understand.

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