Fig. 11.1 Fig. 1.1 shows triangle ABC AABC) that has three sides AB, BC and AC. The points 4, B and C are called the vertices (singular: vertex) of the triangle. BAC, ABC and ACB are known as the interior angles of AABC. In primary school, we have learnt about triangles and some 'B_of their properties. In this section, we shall learn more about triangles Classification of Triangles Triangles can be classified according to * the number of equal sides they have, Name _| Definition Figure Properties All the angles in an ” A triangle equilateral triangle brig with 3 equal are equal, ic. 60°. sides ‘Abbreviation: 2s of equilateral A) The base angles of an A triangle isosceles triangle are = with at least equal. Be | 2equal sides (Abbreviation: base 2s of isos, A) Scatene | Atiangle All the angles in tangle | with no equal a scalene triangle sides are different Table 11.1 &~» Euclid frst defined an isosceles triangle to have exactly 2 equl sides. However, nowadiy, 22 ‘isosceles tiangleisdefined okie atleast 2 equal sides. Hene, at equilateral triangle isa speciale ‘of an isosceles triangle. KJ CamScanner« the types of angles they have. "Name EE NA _ Definition ii ee ‘Acute-angled triangle Right-angled triangle Atriangle with 3 acute angles Obtuse-angled triangle L A triangle with 1 obtuse angle A triangle with 1 right angle a Thinking By Time How are the 6 types of triangles in Tables 11.1 and 11.2 related to one another? Table 11.2 For example, can an obtuse-angled triangle be an equilateral triangle? The relationships among them are illustrated in Fig, 11.2 Equilateral triangles te A ie © Pi, ee OO Obtuse- ¢. D angled triangles What types of triangles do A, B, C and D represent? ®* Fig. 112 IsaVenn diagram ‘which wil be covered in ‘the chapter on Sets in Upper Secondary Mathematics.Recap (Angle Sum of a Triangle) We have learnt in primary school that: The sum of interior angles ofa triangle is 180 (Abbreviation: 2 sum of A) ‘A proof of the above result is given as follows: Consider AABC in Fig, 11.3. Fig.11.3 Draw a line PQ that is parallel to AB and passes through C. BAC = ACP (alt. £5, PQ AB) ABC = BEQ (alt. 2s, PQ) AB) We also have ACP + ACB + BCQ = 180" (adj. 2s on a st. line). *. BAC + ACB + ABC = 180° (2 sum of A) Worked (Angle Sum of a Triangle) Calculate the value of a in the figure. & Example Solution: a +65" + 80° = 180° (2 sumof A) 1. Find the value ofa in the figure. 2. In the figure, AC = BC. Find the Exercise 11A Questions Tobit value of b, ad, Had, 5, 91) 4 ¢ 115, ¢ < The base angles of an isos a aioe 4 Oe triangle ore equa abieiio™ base £5 of 05 8) 7 “3 OXFORD | Chapter 11° Triangles, Quacilaterals and Polygons —_r KJ CamScannerFor each of the {oll and ZB, sketch Aage wing, 4. Given that DAB is a straight line, find the value(s) of the unknown(s) in each ofthe following figures. @ ¢ © 2 1 the given angle is the base angle of an isosceles, triangle. Find the third angle of the triangle. fa) 40" (b) 87" © 1s (d) 79° 3. Find the value of the unknown in each of the following fi Lleol @ ¢ 5. If the sizes of the angles of a triangle are 3x", 4x" and 52°, find the smallest angle of the triangle. 7 © of OC, 6. Inthe figure, ABC is a straight line. cg Ltalo i >, ve Given that ABB = BBC, find ~ * @ Bic, di) CBD. Triangles, Quadrilateral OXFORD and Polygons Chapter 11 KJ CamScanner