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ttl advantages
a. Speed: TTL circuits are known for their fast switching speeds, making them suitable for high-speed applications.
b. Compatibility: TTL logic levels are compatible with other TTL devices, simplifying system integration.
c. Noise Immunity: TTL circuits exhibit good noise immunity, allowing reliable operation in noisy environments.
d. Robustness: TTL inputs have built-in clamping diodes that protect the circuit from voltage spikes.
e. Fan-Out: TTL outputs can drive multiple inputs, known as fan-out, allowing for the construction of complex logic circuits.
applications of ttl Computers and Microprocessors: TTL was widely used in early computer systems and microprocessors for logic operations.
b. Communications Systems: TTL circuits are employed in data transmission, signal
processing, and interface circuits in communication systems.
c. Industrial Control Systems: TTL is used in control systems for automation,
monitoring, and process control.
d. Test and Measurement Equipment: TTL circuits are utilized in test and measurement instruments for signal generation, timing, and data acquisition.
e. Consumer Electronics: Many consumer devices, such as calculators, digital
watches, and gaming consoles, have employed TTL technology.
Cosumes more power compares to CMOS family and hence it is not suitable for battery powered devices. 2. It has limited fan out (~ 10) , which is less compare to CMOS. It has to be noted that any logic circuit having 'N' fan out can drive 'N' number of logic inputs. 3. TTL logic has limited speed compared to ECL, hence TTL is not preferable for applications requiring very high speed operation. 4. TTL circuits are sensitive to temperature variations, which may affect their performance in environments with varying temperature conditions Advantages Of CMOS Following points summarize CMOS advantages over TTL and ECL: 1. CMOS power consumption is less than TTL and ECL.The power per gate for CMOS is 1 mW @ 1 MHz. 2. The noise immunity is better than both TTL and ECL. The noise margin is about 40% of supply voltage. 3. Fanout (about > 50) is better than both TTL and ECL. 4. CMOS works satisfactorily over wide temperature range from -155 to 125 degree C. 5. CMOS can operate over wide range of power supply voltages, providing flexibility in system design.
DISADVANTAGES- Limited Speed: While CMOS can achieve high-speed operation, it may not match the extremely high speeds of technologies like ECL in certain applications. 2. The fabrication of CMOS process is more complex compared to some other logic families. 3. CMOS circuits are sensitive to variations in threshold voltage, which can be influenced by factors such as temperature and manufacturing process variations. This sensitivity may require additional design considerations.
Programmable Logic Devices PLDs
are the integrated circuits. They contain an array of AND gates & another array of OR gates. There are three kinds of PLDs based on the type of arrays , which has programmable feature.
Programmable Read Only Memory
Programmable Array Logic Programmable Logic Array
Read Only Memory ROM
is a memory device, which stores the binary information permanently. That means, we can’t change that stored information by any means later. If the ROM has programmable feature, then it is called as Programmable ROM PROM
PAL is a programmable logic device that has Programmable AND array & fixed OR array.
PLA is a programmable logic device that has both Programmable AND array & Programmable OR array.
Firstly the master flip flop is positive level triggered and the slave flip flop is negative level triggered, so the master responds before the slave. If J=0 and K=1, the high Q’ output of the master goes to the K input of the slave and the clock forces the slave to reset, thus the slave copies the master. If J=1 and K=0, the high Q output of the master goes to the J input of the slave and the Negative transition of the clock sets the slave, copying the master. If J=1 and K=1, it toggles on the positive transition of the clock and thus the slave toggles on the negative transition of the clock. If J=0 and K=0, the flip flop is disabled and Q remains unchanged.
