CHAPTER 4

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) The quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 − √5𝑥 + 1 = 0 has
(a) two distinct real roots (b) two equal real roots (c) no real roots (d) more than 2 real roots
2) If the equation 𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑥 + 9 = 0 does not possess real roots, then
(a) −6 < 𝑘 < 6 (b) 𝑘 > 6 (c) 𝑘 < −6 (d) 𝑘 = ±6
1 5
3) If 2 is a root of the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 − 4 = 0, then the value of k is
1 1
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 4 (d) 2
4) Root of the equation 𝑥 2 − 0.09 = 0 is
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.03 (c)± 0.3 (d) no root
5) The two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose squares is 290 are
(a) 13, 15 (b) 11,13 (c) 7,9 (d) 5,7
6) Value(s) of 𝑘 for which the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has equal roots is
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 0 and 8
7) Which of the following equations has the sum of its roots as 3?
3
(a) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 6 = 0 (b) −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 3 = 0 (c) √2𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1=0
√2

(d) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 6 = 0
8) (𝑥 2 + 1)2 − 𝑥 2 = 0 has
(a) four equal roots (b) two equal roots (c) no equal roots (d) one equal roots
9) Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?
(a) 2(𝑥 − 1)2 = 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 (b) 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 + 5
(c) (√2𝑥 + √3)2 + 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 (d) (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)2 = 𝑥 4 + 3 + 4𝑥 3
10) If 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has equal roots, then the value of k is
(a) ±√𝑎𝑐 (b) ±2√𝑎𝑐 (c) √𝑎𝑐 (d) none of these
ASSERTION AND REASONING
Q11
Statement A (Assertion): The equation 8𝑥 2 + 3𝑘𝑥 + 2 = 0 has equal roots then the value of
8
𝑘 = ±3
Statement R (Reason): The equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has equal roots if D = 0
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

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 (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Q12
Statement A (Assertion): The equation (2𝑥 − 1)2 − 4𝑥 2 + 5 = 0 is a quadratic equation.
Statement R (Reason): The equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0 is called a quadratic equation
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Q13
Statement A (Assertion): The roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 = 0 are imaginary.
Statement R (Reason): If discriminant 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0 then the roots of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 +
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0 are imaginary.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Q14
Statement A (Assertion): The quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 = 0 has repeated roots.
Statement R (Reason): The quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has equal roots if D > 0
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

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Q15
Statement A (Assertion): The quadratic equation 9𝑥 2 + 3𝑘𝑥 + 4 = 0 has equal roots for
𝑘 = ±4
Statement R (Reason): If the discriminant of a quadratic equation is equal to zero, then the
roots of the equation are real and equal.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
16) Find the value of 𝑘 for which the quadratic equation 𝑘𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 6 = 0 has two equal roots.
17) Write the discriminant of the quadratic equation:(𝑥 + 5)2 = 2(5𝑥 − 3).
18) If 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏 = 0, then find𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
19) Find the value of k for which the equation 𝑥 2 + 2𝑘𝑥 + (𝑘 2 − 𝑘 + 2) = 0 has real and equal
roots.
20) Show that 𝑥 = −2 is a solution of 3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 14 = 0.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Solve the following quadratic equations for 𝑥:
(i) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0 (CBSE 2022)
(ii) 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎 = 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑥
(iii) 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 𝑎– 6) = 0
(iv) 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑝𝑥 + (𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 ) = 0
(v) 4𝑥 2 − 4(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )𝑥 + (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )2 = 0
(vi) 9𝑥 2 − 6𝑎2 𝑥 + (𝑎4 − 𝑏 4 ) = 0
(vii) 𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 + (𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐)𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐 = 0
(viii) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 − (4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 ) = 0 (CBSE 2022)
(ix) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − (𝑎 + 1)(𝑎 + 2) = 0
1 1 2
(x) + (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) = 3 , 𝑥 ≠ 1,2 ,3
(𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)

2. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations, if they exist, using the quadratic
formula:

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 (i) 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0 (ii) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5 = 0 (iii) 2𝑥 2 − 2√2𝑥 + 1 = 0
3. Find the roots of the following equations:
1 1 1
(i) 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0 (ii) 𝑥 − = 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 2
𝑥−2

4. Find the value of m for which the quadratic equation (𝑚 − 1)𝑥 2 + 2(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 + 1 = 0
has two real and equal roots. (CBSE 2022)
5. Solve the following quadratic equation for 𝑥: (CBSE 2022)
(a) √3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 7√3 = 0 (b) 𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6 = 0
2
6. If 3 and −3 are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0, find the values of 𝑎

and 𝑏. [CBSE, 2016]

7. For what value of 𝑘 the equation 𝑘𝑥 2 − 2 (𝑘 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑘 + 2) = 0 has real and equal
roots? (CBSE 2022)
8. Find the values of p for which the quadratic equation
(𝑝 − 12)𝑥 2 + 2 (𝑝 − 12)𝑥 + 2 = 0 has equal roots .
9. Find the positive value(s) of 𝑘 for which 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 64 = 0 and𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 both will
have real roots. [CBSE 2016]
10. For what value(s) of k will the quadratic equation (𝑘 + 4)𝑥 2 + (𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 1 = 0 have
real and equal roots?
11. Find the non - zero value of value of 𝑘, for which the quadratic equation
𝑘𝑥 2 + 1 − 2(𝑘 − 1)𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 0 has equal roots. Hence find the roots of the equation.
[CBSE 2015]
12. If −4 is a root of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 − 4 = 0 and the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 +
𝑝𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has equal roots, find the value of 𝑘.
13. If roots of a quadratic equation (𝑏 − 𝑐)𝑥 2 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)𝑥 + (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 0 are real and equal,
prove that 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐.
14. If the roots of the equation (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 2 − 2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)𝑥 + (𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2 ) = 0 are equal, prove
that 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐.
15. If the equation (1 + 𝑚2 )𝑥 2 + 2𝑚𝑐𝑥 + (𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 ) = 0 has equal roots, prove that
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 (1 + 𝑚2 ). (CBSE 2022)
16. There are three consecutive positive integers such that the sum of the square of the first and
the product of the other two is 154. Find the integers.

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 1
17. The difference of two numbers is 5 and the difference of their reciprocals is . Find the
10

numbers.
18. The numerator of a fraction is one less than its denominator. If three is added to each of its
3
numerator and denominator, the fraction is increased by . Find the fraction.
28

19. The denominator of a fraction is one more than twice the numerator. If the sum of the
16
fraction and its reciprocal is 2 21, find the fraction.

20. Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose squares is 290.
21. A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream
than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
22. An aeroplane left 40 minutes late due to heavy rains and in order to reach its destination,
1600km away in time, it had to increase its speed by 400 km/hr from its original speed.
Find the original speed of the plane.
23. A rectangular park is to be designed whose breadth is 3 m less than its length. Its area is to
be 4 square metres more than the area of a park that has already been made in the shape of
an isosceles triangle with its base as the breadth of the rectangular park and of altitude 12
m. Find its length and breadth.

24. The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s ages, (in years) 3 years ago and 5 years from now
1
is 3 Find his present age.

25. In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks in Mathematics and English is 30. Had she got 2
marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the product of their marks would
have been 210. Find her marks in the two subjects.

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26. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side. If the longer
side is 30 metres more than the shorter side, find the sides of the field. (CBSE 2022)
27. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8 times the
larger number. Find the two numbers. (CBSE 2022)
28. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would
have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
29. The speed of a boat in still water is 11 km/hr. It can go 12 km upstream and return
downstream to the original point in 2 hours 45 minutes. Find the speed of the stream.
3
30. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 hours. The tap of larger diameter takes 10
8

hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time in which each tap
can separately fill the tank.
31. An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger train to travel 132 km between Mysore
and Bangalore (without taking into consideration the time they stop at intermediate
stations). If the average speed of the express train is 11km/h more than that of the passenger
train, find the average speed of the two trains.
32. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 𝑚2 . If the difference of their perimeters is 24 m,
find the sides of the two squares.
33. To fill a swimming pool two pipes are used. If the pipe of larger diameter used for 4 hours
and the pipe of smaller diameter for 9 hours, only half of the pool can be filled. Find, how
long it would take for each pipe to fill the pool separately, if the pipe of smaller diameter
takes 10 hours more than the pipe of larger diameter to fill the pool?
(CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2022 – 23)
34. In a flight of 600km, an aircraft was slowed down due to bad weather. Its average speed
for the trip was reduced by 200 km/hr from its usual speed and the time of the flight
increased by 30 min. Find the scheduled duration of the flight.
(CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2022 – 23)
35. The product of the digits of a two digit positive number is 24. If 18 is added to the number
then the digits of the number are interchanged. Find the number. (CBSE 2022)
36. A two digit number is four times the sum of its digits. It is also equal to three times the
product of its digits. Find the number.
37. A vehicle travels at a certain average speed for a distance of 63 km and then travels a

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 distance of 72 km at an average speed of 6 km/h more than its original speed. If it takes 3
hours to complete the total journey, what is its original average speed?
38. A farmer wishes to grow a 100 sq m rectangular vegetable garden. Since he has with him
only 30 m barbed wire, he fences three sides of the rectangular garden letting compound
wall of his house act as the fourth side fence. Find the dimensions of his garden.
39. At t minutes past 2 p.m. the time needed by the minute hand of a clock to show 3 p.m. was
t2
found to be 3 minutes less than 4 minutes. Find t.

40. The sum of two numbers is 34. If 3 is subtracted from one number and 2 is added to another,
the product of these two numbers becomes 260. Find the numbers. (CBSE 2022)
41. The hypotenuse (in cm) of a right angled triangle is 6cm more than twice the length of the
shortest side. If the length of the third side is 6 cm less than thrice the length of the shortest
side, then find the dimensions of the triangle. (CBSE 2022)
OBJECTIVE ANSWERS
Q1 c Q2 a Q3 a Q4 c Q5 b
Q6 d Q7 b Q8 c Q9 c Q10 c
Q11 a Q12 d Q13 a Q14 c Q15 a
Q16 k = 6 Q17 D = -124 Q18 a= -1, b = 2 Q19 k = 2
ANSWERS
1) i) 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑥 = 𝑎 − 𝑏
1
ii)𝑥 = ,𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑎

iii) 𝑥 = (𝑎 − 2), 𝑥 = −(𝑎 + 3)

𝑝+𝑞 𝑝−𝑞
iv)𝑥 = ,𝑥 =
2 2
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 𝑎2 − 𝑏2
v) 𝑥 = ,𝑥 =
2 2
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑎2 − 𝑏2
vi) 𝑥 = ,𝑥 =
3 3
𝑏 −𝑐
vii) 𝑥 = ,𝑥 =
𝑎 𝑏

viii) 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 2𝑏, 𝑥 = 𝑎 − 2𝑏
ix) 𝑥 = (𝑎 + 1), 𝑥 = −(𝑎 + 2)
x) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 4

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 2 1 1
2) (i) 𝑥 = ,𝑥 = 1 (ii) No real root exist (iii) 𝑥 = ,𝑥 =
3 √2 √2

3+√5 3−√5 3+√3 3−√3

3) (i) 𝑥 = ,𝑥 = (ii) 𝑥 = ,𝑥 =
2 2 3 3
4) 𝑚 = 2
−7
5) (i) 𝑥 = −√3, 𝑥 = (ii) 𝑥 = −3√2, √2
√3

6) 𝑎 = −10 . 5 , 𝑏 = 31.5
1
7) 𝑘=
4
8) 𝑝 = 16
9) 𝑘 = 16
10) 𝑘 = 3
1 1
11) 𝑘 = 3, 𝑥 = ,𝑥 = 2
2
9
12) 𝑘 = 8, p = 3

16) (16,17,18) or (19,20,21)

17) 𝑥 = 10, 𝑦 = 5
3
18) 𝑥= 4
3
19) Fraction = 7

20) 11 and 13
21) 6 km\hr
22) 800km/hr
23) 𝑙 = 7𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 4𝑚
24) 7 years
25) (12, 18) 𝑜𝑟 (13, 17)
26) Shorter side = 90 m , longer side = 120 m
27) (12, 18) 𝑜𝑟 (−12, 18)
28) 40 km\hr
29) Speed of stream = 5km/hr
30) Smaller tap = 25 hrs larger tap = 15 hrs
31) Passenger train = 33 km\hr Express train = 44 km/hr
32) 12 m and 18 m

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33) Larger pipe = 20 hrs Smaller pipe = 30 hrs
34) Time = 1 hour
35) Number = 46
36) Number = 24
37) Original speed = 42km/hr
38) Square of 10m, rectangle of 5m by 10m
39) 𝑡 = 14 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
40) (16, 18) or (23, 11)
41) (10, 24, 26)
CASE STUDY 1
In an auditorium, seats are arranged in rows and columns. The number of rows were equal to the
number of seats in each row. When the number of rows were doubled and the number of seats in
each row was reduced by 10, the total number of seats increased by 300.

(i) If 𝑥 is taken as number of row in original arrangement. How many number of rows
are there in the original arrangement?
(ii) How many number of seats are there in the auditorium after re-arrangement?

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 CASE STUDY 2 (CBSE 2022)
In the picture given below, one can see a rectangular in-ground swimming pool installed by a
family in their backyard. There is a concrete sidewalk around the pool of width 𝑥 𝑚. The outside
edges of the sidewalk measure 7 m and 12 m. The area of the pool is 36 sq. m.

(i) Based on the information given above, form a quadratic equation in terms of 𝑥.
(ii) Find the width of the sidewalk around the pool.

Reference Link’s
Introduction

http://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/document/Uk8wZnhNcm53bVNMOUdTTmRmdk5rZFJENUc5VXIvb1QzUUNHb
3Vhc1RzRTBPYkN4SXozSXZQaFpTdzd5L1p2Qw

Quadratic Formula

http://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/document/Uk8wZnhNcm53bVNMOUdTTmRmdk5rYVduRHBzczhwS3FaM3JPSjl
DUnNsQnhYL3ZRVy9qemg3dllyTHFuL3IrdQ

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 EXTENDED LEARNING
Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
1. If 𝑥 2 + 2𝑘𝑥 + 4 = 0 has a root 𝑥 = 2, then the value of 𝑘 is ?
(A) −1 (B) −2 (C) 2 (D) −4
7
2. For what value of 𝑘 will be a root of 3𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 𝑘 = 0?
3
3 −7
(A) 1 4 (B) (C) (D) −14
7 2

3. The positive root of √3𝑥 2 + 6 = 9 is :

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 7
4. If the equation x2 + 4x + k = 0 has real and distinct roots then
(A) k< 4(B) k > 4 (C) k ≤4 (D) k ≥ 4
5. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation :
(A) (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1 = 2𝑥 − 3 (B) 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) + 8 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
(C) 𝑥(2𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 2 + 1 (D) (𝑥 + 2)3 = 𝑥 3 − 4
6. Which of the following is a solution of the quadratic equation:
𝑥 2 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑎(2𝑥 − 𝑎) ?
𝑎
(A) 𝑎 + 𝑏 (B) 2𝑏 − 𝑎 (C) 𝑎𝑏 (D) 𝑏

7. The roots of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 are equal if :

(A) 𝑏 2 = 4𝑎 (B) 𝑏 2 < 4𝑎
1
(C) 𝑏 2 > 4𝑎 (D)𝑎𝑏 = 4

8. If the discriminant of 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0 is double the discriminant of 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 +

2 = 0, then the value of 𝑎 is :
(A) 2 (B) −2 (C) 1 (D) −1
9. Which constant should be added and subtracted to solve the quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 +
√3𝑥 + 5 = 0 by the method of completing the square?
9 3 3 √3
(A) 16 (B) 16 (C) (D)
4 4

10. Which constant must be added and subtracted to solve the quadratic equation 9𝑥 2 +
3
𝑥– √ 2 = 0 by the method of completing the square?
4
1 1 1 9
(A) 8 (B) 64 (C) (D) 64
4

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ANSWERS
1) B 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) B 6) A
7) A 8) D 9) B 10) B

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 CHAPTER 5–ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

ASSIGNMENT
Choose the correct answer from the given four options
1. If 𝑝 − 1, 𝑝 + 3 and 3𝑝 − 1 are three consecutive terms of in A.P, then 𝑝 is equal to
(A) 4 (B) −4 (C) 2 (D) −2
2. Which term of the A.P : 5, 2, −1,… is −49?
(A) 19th (B) 15th (C) 16th (D) 20th
3. Which term of the A.P. 45, 41, 37, 33,…… is the first negative term?
(A) 17th (B) 13th (C) 14th (D) 12th
4. Which term of the A.P. −120, −116, −112, ….. is its first positive term?
(A) 33rd (B) 32nd (C) 34th (D) 35th
5. Sum of first n terms of the series √2 + √8 + √18 …. is :
𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)
(A) (B) √2 𝑛 (C) (D) 1
2 √2

6. The tenth term from the end of the A.P. 4, 9, 14, ..........., 254 is :
(A) 214 (B) 209 (C) 208 (D) 204
7. If 18, 𝑎, 𝑏, − 3 are in A.P then 𝑎 + 𝑏 =
(A) 19 (B) 7 (C) 11 (D) 15
8. The common difference of an A.P. whose nth term is 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 7 is
(A) 7 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) −3
9. Which term of the A.P. : 92, 88, 84, 80, .... is 0?
(A) 23rd (B) 32nd (C) 22nd (D) 24th
10. The next term of the AP √7, √28, √63 … … ….is
(A) √70 (B) √84 (C) √97 (D) √112
DIRECTION: In the question number 11 and 12, a statement of assertion (A) is
followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option
11. Statement A (Assertion): 10th term from the end for the AP : 4, 9, 14, …, 254, is 209.
Statement R( Reason) : In an AP where first term, common difference and last term are
denoted by 𝑎, 𝑑 and 𝑙 respectively, the 𝑛𝑡ℎ term from end is given by

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