Niceic Pocket Guide

POCKET GUIDE1-2
GUIDE TO SITING EQUIPMENT IN A LOCATION

CONTAINING A BATH OR SHOWER
The general requirements in Parts 1 to 6 of the Regulations are applicable within the
zones of a location containing a bath or shower but are supplemented by the additional
requirements in Part 701 of BS 7671.
Zone 1
Zone 1
*
Zone 2
Zone 2
Outside
zones 2.25 m
Outside Zone 0
zones 2.25 m
Zone 0
The space underneath the bath is 0.6 m

zone 1 if accessible without the use
The space underneath the bath is
of a tool, or outside the zones if0.6 m
zone 1 if accessible without the use
accessible only with the use of a tool
of a tool, or outside the zones if
accessible only with the use of a tool * A window recess is zone 2
Zone 1
2.25 m Zone 2
Zone 1
2.25 m Outside
Zone 2
zones
Outside
zones
Zone 0
Zone 0
0.6 m
For showers without a basin there is no
0.6 m zone 2, but the horizontal dimension of
For showers without a basin there is no
zone 1 is increased to 1.20 m (701.32.3 (ii) (b))
zone 2, but the horizontal dimension of
Notes: zone 1 is increased to 1.20 m (701.32.3 (ii) (b))
- All low voltage circuits either serving the location or passing through zones 1
and/or 2 but not serving the location must have additional protection provided by
one or more RCDs that have a rated residual operating current (I∆n) not exceeding
30 mA (701.411.3.3).
- Providing all final circuits of the location have additional protection, meet the
requirements for automatic disconnection and the installation is fitted with
effective protective equipotential bonding, then supplementary equipotential
bonding may be omitted (701.415.2).
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
© CERTSURE LLP 2018
Zone
Outside
Details of installed equipment zones 2 1 0
230 V wall mounted plate switch

8 8 8
Luminaire Note 3 8
SELV or PELV safety source 8 8 8
Shaver supply unit Note 2 8 8
Ventilation equipment Note 3 8
Pull cord switch mechanism 8 8 8
Insulated pull cord 8
SELV switches/socket-outlets Note 6 8
Switches or controls in fixed current-using
equipment suitable for use in the zone 8
Whirlpool unit, electric shower, shower pump,
towel rail or water heating appliance
Note 3 8
Equipment, such as a fan or light, protected by
SELV or PELV at a nominal voltage not exceeding
25 V AC rms or 60 V ripple-free DC
Note 3 8
Equipment, such as a light, protected by SELV at
a nominal voltage not exceeding 12 V AC rms or Note 4
30 V ripple-free DC
Note 1
230 V socket outlet 8 8 8
Note 1 Prohibited within a distance of 3 m horizontally from the boundary of zone 1

(701.512.3).
Note 2 A shaver supply unit must be to BS EN 61558-2-5 (701.512.3). The requirement
for a degree of protection of a minimum of IPX4 in zone 2 does not apply to
shaver units situated where direct spray from showers is unlikely (701.512.2).
Note 3 Equipment must be fixed, permanently connected, and suitable for zone 1
according to the manufacturer’s instructions (701.55).
Note 4 Equipment must be fixed, permanently connected, and suitable for zone 0
according to the manufacturer’s instructions (701.55).
Note 5 The general requirements in Parts 1 to 6 of the Regulations are applicable
outside of the zones including Regulation 512.2.1, which requires equipment to
be of a design appropriate to the situation in which it is to be used or its mode
of installation must take account of the conditions likely to be encountered.
Note 6 Only SELV switches permitted, which must be supplied at a nominal voltage
not exceeding 12 V AC rms or 30 V ripple-free DC.
• Equipment installed in zones 1 and 2 must have

protection of at least IPX4 (IPX5 if water jets are likely). (701.512.2)
• Equipment installed in zone 0 must have protection of at least IPX7
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POCKET GUIDE 3
FIXED WIRING SINGLE-PHASE
CABLE COLOUR CHANGES
Old Harmonized Examples of core
colour changes:
Was permitted until Required from
31 March 2006 1 April 2006
Twin-and-earth flat cable
Line Line
Red Brown
Neutral Neutral
Black Blue
Line Line
Red Brown Triple-and-earth flat cable*
Line Line
Yellow Black
Line Line
Blue Grey
The colour of the circuit protective conductor remains green-and-yellow.
* Where triple-and-earth cable is used in a single-phase installation:

- Any cores used as line conductors must be identified by the use of the colour brown
(see Table 51 of BS 7671).
- Any cores used as neutral conductors must be identified by the use of the colour blue
(514.4.1).
- The use of oversleeving or similar is permitted to apply identification of conductors
(514.3.2).
Notes
(1) This Guide applies to single-phase cable harmonized colour changes. Reference
should be made to Regulation Group 514 and Appendix 7 of BS 7671: 2018.
(2) Where cables are identified by colour use of the old colours of cables was
required in installation work commencing on site before 31 March 2004, and was
still permitted in installation work commencing on site up until 31 March 2006.
(3) Similarly use of the harmonized colours of cables was permitted for installation
work commencing on site after 31 March 2004 and was required for installation
work commencing on site after 31 March 2006.
(4) Except where there is no possibility of confusion, unambiguous marking needs

to be provided at the interface between conductors (514.1.3).
(5) Except where identification is not required, cores of cables should be

identified by colour (as shown) or lettering and/or numbering (514.3.1).
(6)
If wiring alterations are made to an installation using cables with the
harmonized colours but there is also old coloured wiring to previous versions
of the regulations, a warning label must be affixed at or near the appropriate
distribution board with the wording as shown above. (514.14.1)
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 3
FIXED WIRING SINGLE-PHASE

CABLE COLOUR CHANGES
New
Old Old
CAUTION
This installation has wiring colours
to two versions of BS 7671.
Great care should be taken before

undertaking extension, alteration or repair
that all conductors are correctly identified.
Old New
E E
L N L N
A warning label is required

POCKET GUIDE 4
FIXED WIRING THREE-PHASE CABLE COLOUR CHANGES
Old Harmonized An example of colour core

changes in a five-core
Was permitted until Required from armoured cable:
31 March 2006 1 April 2006
Alphanumeric
identification
Line 1 Line 1
Red L1 Brown
Line 2 Line 2
Yellow L2 Black
Line 3 Line 3
Blue L3 Grey
Neutral Neutral
Black N Blue
The colour of the circuit protective conductor remains green-and-yellow.
Notes
(1) This Guide applies to three-phase cable harmonized colour changes. Reference
should be made to Regulation Group 514 and Appendix 7 of BS 7671: 2018.
(2) Where cables were identified by colour, use of the old colours of cables was
required in installation work commencing on site before 31 March 2004, and was
still permitted in installation work commencing on site up until 31 March 2006.
(3) Similarly use of the harmonized colours of cables was permitted for installation
work commencing on site after 31 March 2004 and was required for installation
work commencing on site after 31 March 2006.
(4) Except where there is no possibility of confusion, unambiguous marking needs

to be provided at the interface between conductors (514.1.3).
(5) Cores of cables should be identified by colour and/or lettering and/or

numbering (as shown overleaf) (514.3.1).
(6) Another alternative arrangement of marking connections between existing and

new cables is by using coloured sleeves.
(7) If wiring alterations are made to an installation using cables with the harmonized
cable colours but there is also wiring to previous versions of the regulations, a
warning label must be affixed at or near the appropriate distribution board with
the wording as shown overleaf (514.14.1).
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 4
FIXED WIRING THREE-PHASE CABLE COLOUR CHANGES
Examples of an extension or alteration to an existing

three-phase installation.
New wiring in harmonized colours

(brown, black, grey line conductors,
blue neutral and a green-and-yellow
circuit protective conductor).
L1 L1
L2 L2
L3 L3
N N
Old New
L1 L1 L1
Old New
L2 L2 L2
L3 L3 L3
N N N

Alternative arrangement. New wiring with
three brown line conductors, blue neutral
and a green-and-yellow circuit protective
conductor. Unambiguous identification is
provided by lettering and numbering.
A warning label is required

(514.14.1)
se distribution board

POCKET GUIDE 5
ISOLATION PROCEDURE
Step 1 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
Check it is safe and acceptable (with the occupier/ OFF OFF
user) to isolate. If the isolator is an off-load device,

remove the load. Open the means of isolation for MAIN
SWITCH OFF
the circuit(s) to be isolated and secure the isolating

device in the open position with a lock or other
suitable means.
Step 2
Prove the correct operation of a suitable voltage
detection instrument, see note (5), against a known
voltage source, such as that illustrated.
Step 3
Using a voltage detection instrument, check that OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
there is no dangerous voltage present on any

OFF OFF
circuit conductor to be worked on. It is important

MAIN
to confirm that conductors are not energised, for SWITCH
OFF
example, due to a wiring fault. Check terminal

voltages between: (1) earth and line, (2) neutral and
line (as shown) and (3) earth and neutral
Step 4
Prove the voltage detection instrument again
against the known source to check that it was
functioning correctly when the circuit(s) were
tested for the presence of voltage.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 5
ISOLATION PROCEDURE - Notes
In practice the equipment being worked

on is likely to be remote from the
consumer unit, for example, a socket-
outlet located remotely from the means
of isolation. In this case it is necessary to
check that all the socket-outlet contact
terminals are dead.
When checking for a voltage between

an earth terminal and live (including
neutral) terminals, the test probe
should make contact with the earth
terminal first, to reduce the risk of the
remaining probe becoming live.
(1) This Guide gives information on safe working procedures for the isolation of
the supply of electrical energy to electrical equipment.
(2) The example illustrated shows the minimum steps required to isolate the final
circuits supplied by a single-phase consumer unit. The consumer unit includes
an isolator and circuit-breakers.
(3) When circuits are protected by fuses enclosed in a distribution board, remote
isolation of the supply to the distribution board may be required.
(4) HSG85 Electricity at work safe working practices gives detailed guidance on
devising safe working practices for people who carry out work on or near
electrical equipment.
(5) Guidance on voltage detection instruments is given in HSE Guidance Note

GS 38 – Electrical test equipment for use on low-voltage electrical systems.
(6) The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 require precautions to be taken

against the risk of death or personal injury from electricity in work activities.
Regulation 12 requires that, where necessary to prevent danger, a suitable
means is available for cutting off the supply of electrical energy to any electrical
equipment, and isolation of any electrical equipment.
(7) The Health and Safety Executive booklet HSR25 Electricity at Work Regulations
1989 - Guidance on Regulations is intended to help duty holders meet the
requirements of the Regulations.

POCKET GUIDE 7
MOUNTING HEIGHTS OF ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT IN DWELLINGS
Notes
(1) This Guide explains the requirements of BS 7671 and Part M of the Building
Regulations for England and Wales* relating to the mounting heights of
equipment in dwellings.
(2) Part M of the Building Regulations for both England and Wales require
reasonable provision to be made for people to gain access to, use a building and
its facilities. Guidance on meeting the requirements of Part M is given in
Approved Document M*.
(3) Section 8 of Approved Document M, which applies to new dwellings, includes

the objective of assisting people whose reach is limited to use the dwelling more
easily by locating wall-mounted switches and socket-outlets at suitable heights.
(4) A way of satisfying the above objective, as suggested in Approved Document M,

is to provide switches and socket-outlets for lighting and other equipment in
habitable rooms at appropriate heights between 450 mm and 1200 mm from
finished floor level (see diagram).
(5) Additionally, the mounting height of wall-mounted socket-outlets and other

accessories is required to be sufficient to avoid them suffering wetting or impact,
such as may result from floor cleaning (Regulation Groups 522.3 and 522.6 of
BS 7671). Continued overleaf >>
Outlets, switches and controls should

be at least 350 mm from room corners
(as recommended by BS 8300)
Doorbell
entry phone Switches
1200 mm
maximum
height 450 mm
Sockets-outlet
minimum
TV sockets
height
Telephone
outlets
Currently (2018) the requirements of the Building Regulations for electrical

equipment mounting height for England and Wales correspond. However, due
to devolvement of the government in Wales and the giving of powers to the
Welsh Ministers the Building Regulations and therefore Approved Documents
in Wales may be subject to future changes.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 7
MOUNTING HEIGHTS OF ELECTRICAL

EQUIPMENT IN DWELLINGS
THIS IS
THIS IS TO
TO
BE AVOIDED
BE AVOIDED
Generally aa minimum
Generally minimum clearance
clearance
of 100
of 100 mm
mm between
between aa worktop
worktop
and the
and the bottom
bottom of of aa socket-outlet
socket-outlet
would be
would be sufficient.
sufficient.
100mm
100 mm
>> Continued
(6) Regulation 553.1.6 requires that a wall-mounted socket-outlet is at a sufficient
height above the floor or any working surface to minimise the risk of mechanical
damage to the socket-outlet or to an associated plug and flexible cord
during insertion, use or withdrawal of the plug.
See illustrations above regarding socket outlets above working surfaces. The
minimum height above the floor to the bottom of a socket-outlet is 450 mm
(see note 4 and diagram overleaf).
(7) If a dwelling is rewired there is no requirement to provide the measures

described in note 4; however, it would be desirable to provide them.

POCKET GUIDE8
PART P - NOTIFIABLE OR NOT, WALES
This Guide provides a quick reference to whether certain common items of electrical
installation work in a dwelling or associated garden, conservatory or outbuilding in Wales
need to be notified to a Building Control Body (BCB) in accordance with Part P of the
Building Regulations 2010 for England and Wales (BR).
This Guide does not apply to excepted energy buildings1 in Wales. For guidance on
whether electrical installation work in England is notifiable, see NICEIC and ELECSA
Pocket Guide 31.
A company registered with a Part P self-certification scheme, such as those operated
by NICEIC and ELECSA, is not required to notify a BCB prior to carrying out ‘notifiable
work’. However, the company would need to notify the self-certification scheme operator
on completion of the work.
The requirements of the BR and the issuing of appropriate electrical installation
certification apply irrespective of whether an item of electrical work is notifiable or not.
EXAMPLES OF NOTIFIABLE WORK
Anywhere in a dwelling or its surroundings:

• a complete new installation or rewire
• changing a consumer unit
• installing
u a new final circuit (e.g. for lighting, heating, socket-outlets, a shower
or a cooker)
u extra-low voltage2 lighting (other than pre-assembled CE marked sets)
u a solar photovoltaic power supply
u electric ceiling or floor heating
u a small scale electricity generator
u power or control wiring for a new central heating system.
Within a kitchen3 or special location4:

• modifying a final circuit (e.g. adding a lighting point, fused
connection unit or socket-outlet).
Within a special location4:

• installing telephone or extra-low voltage2 wiring and equipment for the
purposes of communications, information technology, signalling, control
or similar purposes
• installing a prefabricated equipment set (e.g. for lighting) and
associated flexible leads with integral plug and socket connections5.
Outdoors:
• installing garden lighting or power (for example a supply to a garden
shed, detached garage, other outbuilding, electric gate or pond pump)
• installing a socket-outlet
• installing a lighting point or other fixed current-using equipment
(for example an air conditioning unit or a radon fan)
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 8
PART P NOTIFIABLE OR NOT - WALES
EXAMPLES OF NON-NOTIFIABLE WORK
• installing prefabricated ‘modular’ wiring systems5

• replacing a damaged cable for a single circuit, on a like-for-like basis7
• replacing an accessory, such as a socket-outlet, control switch, ceiling rose or
a fused connection unit
• providing mechanical protection to an existing fixed installation8
• installing or upgrading protective equipotential bonding
• Installing a new or replacement item of current-using equipment (such as a
cooker) to an existing suitable circuit.
• modifying a final circuit, except in a kitchen3 or special location4.
Footnotes for both NOTIFIABLE WORK (see overleaf)

and NON-NOTIFIABLE WORK (see above)
1. Broadly speaking, an excepted energy building is an energy infrastructure
building (such as a generating station) not wholly used for residential
purposes or as a shop, office, showroom or canteen. The legal definition
is given in The Welsh Ministers (Transfer of Functions) (No. 2) Order 2009.
Pocket Guide 31 (for England) may be used for excepted energy buildings
in Wales.
2. Extra-low voltage is defined in BS 7671 as ‘normally not exceeding 50 V AC

or 120 V ripple-free DC, whether between conductors or to earth’.
3. A kitchen is defined in The Building (Amendment) (No.3) Regulations 2004

as ‘a room or part of a room which contains a sink and food preparation
facilities’. (A utility room, though it may contain a sink, does not fall within
the definition of a kitchen if it does not contain food preparation facilities.)
4. ‘Special locations’ include locations containing a bath, shower, swimming

pool, paddling pool or a hot air sauna.
5. The installation of prefabricated ‘modular’ systems (for example kitchen

lighting systems and armoured garden cabling) linked by plug and socket
connectors is not notifiable, provided that the products are CE-marked and
that any final connection in a kitchen or special location is made to a suitable
existing connection unit or point.
6. Notification is not required if wiring to such outdoor equipment; (1) is

not a new circuit, and (2) passes directly through an outside wall into the
equipment, and (3) is not an extension to a special location or kitchen circuit.
7. A like-for-like basis includes the condition that the replacement cable has
the same current-carrying capacity and follows the same route.
8. If the circuit protective measures and current-carrying capacity of conductors

are unaffected by increased thermal insulation.

POCKET GUIDE 9
SUPPORTS FOR CABLES
Cross-section through a flat type
cable, indicating the major axis
Note: Wiring used in the
electrical installation of a caravan Major axis
must be of a type listed in
Regulation 721.521.2.
Fig 1. Non-armoured cable maximum support spacing
Maximum support spacing

Cable overall diametera
Horizontalb (mm) Verticalc (mm)
(mm)
In general Caravans In general Caravans
Up to 9 250 400
Exceeding 9 but not

exceeding 15 300 400
250 400
Exceeding 15 but not (all sizes) (all sizes)
exceeding 20
350 450
Exceeding 20 but not

exceeding 40
400 550
Fig 2. Armoured cable maximum support spacing

Cable overall diameter (mm)
Exceeding 9 but not exceeding 15 350 450
Fig 3. Mineral insulated copper sheathed (MICS) fixing

Cable overall diameter (mm)
Up to 9 60 800
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 9
SUPPORTS FOR CABLES
Footnotes for tables

a For flat type cables, the cable overall diameter (shown in Table 1) refers
to the major axis (see illustration).
b Horizontal spacings are applicable to runs at an angle of more than 30˚ from the vertical.
c Vertical spacings are applicable to runs at an angle of 30˚ or less from the vertical.
Notes
(1) This Guide provides a quick reference to spacings of cable support clips in
accessible positions.
(2) The basic requirements for the support of cables are given in Regulations
522.8.4 and 522.8.5 of BS 7671.
(3) BS 7671 requires the intervals between cable supports (as well as the means of
support) to be such that cables do not suffer mechanical damage or strain.
Tables 1, 2 and 3 of this Guide give suggested maximum spacings between
supports for both horizontal and vertical runs of accessible cable.
(4) The means of fixing a cable must not cause damage to the cable.
(5) As BS 7671 is principally concerned with the safety aspects of support
systems, supports additional to those indicated in the tables are often needed
to make the finished installation visually acceptable. Additional supports may
also be needed in an installation subjected to vibration of medium or high
severity, or where there is an increased risk of mechanical damage, such as by
accidental snagging of the cable.
(6) All cable supports are required to be of such construction that they will not
prematurely collapse at times of fire. Non-metallic supports therefore should
not be the sole means of cable support (521.10.202).
Guidance on this subject is covered

in the NICEIC and ELECSA Site Guide
Newly updated to BS 7671

18th Edition of the Wiring Regulations
Available from
www.shop.niceic.com

POCKET GUIDE10
GRADES AND CATEGORIES FOR FIRE ALARM
SYSTEMS in domestic premises and HMOs
This Guide addresses some of the recommendations for Grades and Categories of
fire alarm system given in BS 5839-6: 2019 – Fire detection and fire alarm systems
for buildings – Part 6: Code of practice for the design, installation, commissioning
and maintenance of fire detection and fire alarm systems in domestic premises. The
standard is applicable to new or materially altered premises and houses in multiple
occupation (HMOs).
Landing
*
HA
**
Kitchen Hall Lounge
(principal
habitable room)
Consumer unit
HA Heat alarm Mains power and interconnecting* wiring
Smoke alarm Mains power supply
* Interconnection provided, so that all devices give a warning if a fire is detected

HA Heat alarm
(see Clause 13.2(c) of BS 5839-6) Mains power and interconnecting* wiring
** Alternatively a carbon monoxide fire Mains
Smoke alarm power
detector may be usedsupply
(Clause 10.2 of BS 5839-6 refers)
* Interconnection provided,
There are eight Grades so (B
of system, that
andall devices
E are give defined),
not currently a warningwhich identify
ifthe equipment
a fire incorporated.
is detected Grades A13.2(c)
(see Clause and C incorporate fire detectors, sounders and
of BS 5839-6)
central control equipment. Grades D1 and D2 incorporate smoke alarms and possibly
heat alarms too, these all being mains-powered with an integral battery standby
supply. D1 incorporates a tamper-proof battery and D2 a user-replaceable battery.
MainsF1power
Grades and F2 and interconnecting*
describe wiring
a system of detectors powered by tamper-proof or user-
Mains power
replaceable supply
batteries respectively.
There are two Categories of system: LD, for protection of life, and PD, for protection
ed, soofthat all devices
property. give aare
The Categories warning
further subdivided numerically to identify the level or
Clause 13.2(c) of BS 5839-6)
protection afforded. For example, Category LD1 is a life protection system installed
throughout the premises, whereas LD2 is installed in all circulation spaces and
specified rooms.
It should be noted that for domestic premises, fire detection and fire alarm systems
are usually installed to protect life and rarely installed solely for property protection.
The minimum standard for life protection against fire given in Table 1 of BS 5839-6
for single-family dwellings and is a Grade D1/2, Category LD2 system. This system is
for, example:
• dwellings of three-storeys or less with no floor greater than 200 m² in area, or
• single-storey where floor area may exceed 200 m², such as a bungalow.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 10
GRADES AND CATEGORIES FOR FIRE ALARM

SYSTEMS in domestic premises and HMOs
An example of a Grade D1/2, Category LD2 system for a two-storey dwelling

with no floor greater than 200 m² is depicted overleaf. A system of Grade
and Category higher than Grade D, Category LD2 may be recommended
where the dwelling or HMO has an increased fire risk due to, for example,
the nature and use of the building and/or the characteristics of the building
occupants.
Where this is the case, Clause 9 (choice of system) and Table 1 of BS 5839-6
should be consulted and an appropriate Grade and Category selected.
Although not comprehensive the following list provides examples of where
a system of higher than Grade D, Category LD2 is recommended by Clause 9
and Table 1.
System Grade
Recomended for:
and Category
A four (or more) storey house with no floor
Grade A LD2
exceeding 200 m² in area.
Grade A LD2 Communal areas of HMOs.
A two-storey house where one or both floors

Grade A LD2
exceed 200 m² in area.
Housing providing NHS supported living in the

Grade A LD1 community.
Further information regarding Grade D Category LD2

systems in single-family dwellings is given in NICEIC and
ELECSA Pocket Guide 24.
POCK
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POCKET GUIDE 11
INITIAL VERIFICATION, ORDER OF TESTS
Notes
(1) This Guide gives information on the order of tests for the initial verification of an
installation as required by Regulation 643.1 of BS 7671, which also requires that
a. the test results are compared with relevant criteria, and
b. any test that indicates a failure to comply with the criteria is repeated after the
fault is rectified, together with any preceding test which may have been
influenced by the fault.
(2) Tests must NOT be carried out until inspection has been completed (642.1).
(3) Precautions shall be taken to avoid danger to persons and to avoid damage to
property and installed equipment during testing (641.4).
(4) Reference should be made to the NICEIC and ELECSA Pocket Guides: 5 Isolation
Procedure and 12 Test instrument leads before carrying out any tests.
(5) Further information on testing is given in the NICEIC and ELECSA books
Inspection, Testing and Certification and Site Guide for Electrical Installations.
(6) Table 1 lists the order of tests (where relevant)to be carried out before the supply
is connected or with the supply isolated (Main switch OFF) as appropriate.
(7) Table 2 lists a recomended order of tests (where relevant) to be carried out
AFTER the tests in Table 1 have been completed satisfactorily and the supply
has been connected (Main Switch ON). See tables overleaf >>
Guidance on electrical installation and inspection and testing

is provided in the range of NICEIC and ELECSA publications,
recently updated to BS 7671 2018
Available from www.shop.niceic.com
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 11
INITIAL VERIFICATION, ORDER OF TESTS
Table 1. Order of tests to be carried out with the supply ISOLATED

(AFTER the completion of inspection)
Order Test Regulation
Continuity of protective conductors including main

1 protective bonding conductors or continuity of ring final 643.2.1
circuit conductors
2 Insulation resistance 643.3
3 Protection by SELV, PELV or by electrical separation 643.4
4 Insulation resistance/impedance of floors and walls 643.5
5 Polarity (for example, at lighting switches) 643.6
Earth electrode resistance* (where the electrode is part

6 643.7.2
of the installation)
* Alternatively for a TT system the installation earth electrode resistance may be

measured with the incoming supply energised and the main switch OFF, using an
earth fault loop impedance test instrument.
Table 2. Recommended order of tests to be carried out, where appropriate,

with the supply CONNECTED and Main switch ON (AFTER
satisfactory completion of the tests in Table 1)
7 Polarity (for example, at socket-outlets) 643.6
8 Protection by automatic disconnection of supply 643.7.1
9 Earth fault loop impedance 643.7.3
10 Prospective fault current 643.7.3.201
Additional protection provided by:

11 • RCD, or 643.8
• Supplementary protective equipotential bonding
12 Phase sequence maintained for polyphase circuits 643.9
Functional testing , including:

• function of any integral test facility of installed
13 RCDs and/or AFDDs 643.10
• switchgear and controlgear assemblies, drives,
controls and interlocks
14 Verification of voltage drop (Note: this is not normally

643.11
required during initial verification)

POCKET GUIDE 12
TEST INSTRUMENT LEADS
Typical
2-pole voltage
tester (without
fused leads) L1 L2
L1 L2
Typical voltage test lamp

(with fused leads)
(1) This Guide includes recommendations on various British Standards Institution

(BSI) guidance and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) guidance relating to
test instrument leads. Such guidance should be followed to reduce the risk of
electric shock or explosion and consequent serious injury or death when using
electrical test equipment, and to meet the requirements of the Electricity at
Work Regulations 1989.
(2) As well as injury or death caused directly by electric shock or explosion, injury
can occur when a person reacts to an electric shock, for example by falling from
height or touching another hazard.
(3) It is important that fused test instrument leads are used where there is a
potential risk of a fault current passing through the test instrument leads that
could cause damage to the instrument or the installation, and/or cause injury
to the user of the instrument. Such a potential risk might be caused by a
multimeter that has a voltage and current selector switch which is accidentally
set to measure ‘current’, when in fact a ‘voltage’ from a high energy source
(such as a 230 V circuit) is being measured (this type of instrument is not
recommended for proving that a circuit is dead).
(4) Appendix 1 of the HSE publication The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989.
Guidance on Regulations lists HSE Guidance Note GS38 – Electrical test
equipment for use on low voltage electrical systems as a publication being
particularly relevant to regulations 10 (Connections), 14 (Work on or near live
conductors) and 16 (Persons to be competent to prevent danger and injury).
(5) HSE Guidance Note GS 38 is also referenced in HSE Guidance Note HSG 85
– Electricity at work, safe working practices. Paragraph 32 of HSG 85 advises
using test equipment with insulated probes and, where appropriate, fused
leads as suitable precautions to prevent injury. Furthermore, paragraph 54 of
HSG 85 advises not to use multimeters, which can be set to the wrong function
or non-contact devices, such as ‘volt sticks’ for proving dead.
(6) HSE Guidance Note GS38 covers, amongst other things:

• accident causes, such as inadequate insulation of test leads and probes
• design safety requirements for test probes, test leads, and test equipment
sockets/terminals
• voltage detection instruments.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 12
TEST INSTRUMENT LEADS

(7) Where there is no risk of test leads being accidentally short-circuited together AND
the fault current in them is limited not to exceed their current-carrying capacity, for
example by: (i) a voltage detector that conforms to BS EN 61243-3: Live working
– Voltage detectors – Two pole low-voltage type or (ii) a test instrument that
conforms to BS EN 61010: Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control and laboratory use. Safety requirements for hand-
held probe assemblies for electrical measurement and test or BS EN 61557:
Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1000 V a.c. and 1500 V d.c.
fused leads may NOT be necessary. However, the design of the test probes and
leads should meet the recommendations of GS 38 in other respects, such as
having exposed metal tips not exceeding 4 mm in length (whilst BS EN 61243-3
and BS EN 61010-031 allow exposed tip lengths up to 19 mm).
(8) When using any test leads and instruments, the instructions of the
manufacturer(s) should be followed and the test equipment should be
inspected regularly to confirm its continued suitability for safe use.
(9) Contractors and their employees are reminded of their legal obligations
relating to the safe use of test instruments, including those under the
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and the Provision and Use of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998. In this context, contractors should carry out
risk assessments to protect their employees, customers and bystanders from
injury. Contractors should have appropriate test leads designed for use with
each of their test instruments.
HSE GS38 examples of design safety requirements

Test leads should
• be adequately insulated
• except for voltage detectors, be coloured so that one lead can be
easily distinguished from the other
• be flexible and of sufficient capacity and duty
• be sheathed to protect against mechanical damage
• be of adequate length for use
• not have accessible exposed conductors, other than the probe tips, or
have live conductors accessible to a person’s finger if a lead becomes
detached from a probe, indicator or instrument when in use.
Test probes should

• have finger barriers or be shaped to guard against inadvertent hand contact
with live conductors
• be insulated to leave an exposed metal tip not exceeding 4 mm
measured across any surface of the tip. Where practicable it is
strongly recommended that this is reduced to 2 mm or less, or that
spring retractable screen probes are used
• When used with a multimeter, have suitable high breaking capacity (hbc)
fuses with a low current rating (usually not exceeding 500 mA) and/or a
current-limiting resistor
• have appropriate types of tip for allowing access to the contact where
detection is being made.

POCKET GUIDE 13
SIZING MAIN PROTECTIVE BONDING CONDUCTORS
This Guide gives information on the sizing of main protective bonding conductors,
based on the requirements given in Regulation Group 544.1 of BS 7671.
Protective equipotential bonding is a provision under the requirements for fault

protection for protection against electric shock where the protective measure is
Automatic Disconnection of Supply (ADS).
ARRANGEMENT OF PROTECTIVE EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING

Where the protective measure is ADS, in each installation main protective bonding
conductors complying with Chapter 54 of BS7671 are required to connect to
the main earthing terminal the extraneous-conductive-parts of that installation
including:
• water installation pipes
• gas installation pipes
• other installation pipework and ducting
• central heating and air conditioning systems
• exposed metallic structural parts of the building.
Any bonding to a lightning protection system must be carried out in accordance

with BS EN 62305 (411.3.1.2).
Extraneous-conductive-part
other than pipework
(eg exposed structural metalwork)
Main protective
bonding conductors
Water Gas
meter meter
Metallic
Main Earthing Terminal pipework
WHERE PROTECTIVE MULTIPLE EARTHING (PME) CONDITIONS DO NOT APPLY

Where PME conditions do not apply, Regulation 544.1.1 requires a main protective
bonding conductor to have a cross-sectional area (csa) of not less than half the csa
required for the earthing conductor of the installation, and not less than 6 mm2.
The csa need not exceed 25 mm2 if the bonding conductor is of copper, or a csa
affording equivalent conductance in other metals.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 13
SIZING MAIN PROTECTIVE BONDING CONDUCTORS
WHERE PME CONDITIONS APPLY

Where PME conditions apply, Regulation 544.1.1 requires the main protective
bonding conductors to be selected in accordance with the size of the combined
protective and neutral (PEN) conductor of the supply and Table 54.8 (data
reproduced below for reference).
TABLE 54.8 OF BS 7671

Minimum csa of the main protective bonding conductor in relation to the
PEN conductor of the supply
Minimum copper equivalent* csa

Copper equivalent csa of the
of the main protective bonding
PEN conductor
conductor
35 mm2 or less 10 mm2
over 35 mm2 up to 50 mm2 16 mm2
over 150 mm2 50 mm2
*The minimum copper equivalent csa is given by a copper bonding

conductor of the tabulated csa or a bonding conductor of another metal
affording equivalent conductance.
Notes
(1) Table 54.8 should be used as a guide only, and the specific minimum
requirements of the electricity distributor should always be obtained
with regard to the selection of main protective bonding conductors.
(2) The PEN referred to in Table 54.8 is the neutral conductor of the
electricity distributor’s low voltage network. It is not the neutral
conductor on the consumer’s side of the supply terminals, which may
have a different csa.
The advice of the electricity distributor should always be obtained

where it is proposed to use a main protective bonding conductor of a
metal other than copper.

POCKET GUIDE 14
SIZING OF PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS BY SELECTION
Regulation Group 543.1 of BS 7671 requires that a protective conductor other than
protective bonding conductor is sized either by calculation or selection.This guide
covers the sizing of protective conductors by selection, using Table 54.7.
It should be noted that where the choice of the cross-sectional-area (csa) of the line
conductors has been determined by considerations of short-circuit current, and if
the earth fault current is expected to be less than the short-circuit current, the csa
of the protective conductor must be calculated (543.1.1).
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR SIZES

Certain lower limits apply to the csa of a protective conductor. The size of the
protective conductor used must be not less than the appropriate limiting value (see
below) and not less than that determined by selection (see later).
Where a protective conductor is not an integral part of a cable (such as a ‘twin & earth’
cable or an armoured cable); or formed by conduit, ducting or trunking; or contained
in an enclosure formed by a wiring system, the csa of the protective conductor must
not be less than 2.5 mm2 copper equivalent if protection against mechanical damage
is provided (such as by a sheath), and not less than 4 mm2 copper equivalent if
protection against mechanical damage is not provided (543.1.1).
Where PME conditions apply, a protective conductor used as an earthing conductor

must have a csa not less than that required by Regulation 544.1.1 (refer to NICEIC
Pocket Guide 13).
A protective conductor buried in the ground must have a csa not less than that
required by Table 54.1 of BS 7671.
SELECTING THE SIZE OF THE PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR

The process of selection uses the csa (S) of the associated line conductor and
Table 54.7 of BS 7671 (Data reproduced below in part). Where the protective
conductor is common to several circuits, its csa should be based on the csa of the
largest line conductor of the circuits (543.1.2). Where selection produces a non-
standard size, a conductor having at least the nearest larger standard csa should
be used.
DATA FROM TABLE 54.7 OF BS 7671
CSA of line
S ≤ 16 16 < S ≤ 35 S > 35
conductor S (mm2)
Minimum csa of the S
A S 16
corresponding 2
protective conductor k1 k1 S
B S X 16 X 2
(mm2) k2 k2
The csa of the protective conductor must be not less than required by Row A or
Row B of the above table, as applicable.
Row A should be used where the protective conductor
is of the same material as the associated line conductor.
Row B should be used where the protective conductor is
not of the same material as the associated line conductor.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 14
SIZING MAIN PROTECTIVE BONDING CONDUCTORS BY SELECTION

Where row B is used (overleaf), values of k1 for the line conductor and k2 for the
protective conductor are required. The values of k1 can normally be determined
from Table 43.1 of BS 7671, and of k2 from Tables 54.2 to 54.6, as applicable (data
reproduced in part below).
DATA FROM TABLE 43.1 Values of k for common conductors
Conductor Insulation material K
70 ˚C thermoplastic 115/103*
90 ˚C thermoplastic 100/86
Copper
60 ˚C thermosetting 141
90 ˚C thermosetting 143
Sheath material
Copper - Forming part of
a mineral insulated cable - thermoplastic sheath 115
- bare (unsheathed) 135/115**
DATA FROM TABLES 54.2 TO 54.6

Insulation of protective conductor or cable covering
Material of
70 ˚C 90 ˚C 90 ˚C
conductor
thermoplastic thermoplastic thermosetting
54.2 Values of k for insulated protective conductor not incorporated in a cable

and not bunched with cables, or for separate bare protective conductor in
contact with cable covering but not bunched with cables.
Copper 143/133* 143/133* 176

Aluminium 95/88* 95/88* 116
Steel 52 52 64
54.3 Values of k for protective conductor incorporated in a cable or bunched

with cables, where the assumed initial temperature is 70 °C or greater.
Copper 115/103* 100/86* 143
54.4 Values of k for protective conductor as a sheath or armour of a cable.

Aluminium 93 85 85
Steel 51 46 46
Lead 26 23 23
54.5 Values of k for steel conduit, ducting and trunking as the protective conductor
Steel conduit,
ducting and 47 44 58
trunking
* Indicates a conductor of greater than 300 mm2

** value for bare exposed to touch
Note: The data from Table 54.6 is outside the scope of this Pocket Guide.

POCKET GUIDE 15
SIZING OF PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS BY CALCULATION
Regulation Group 543.1 of BS 7671 requires that a protective conductor other
than an protective bonding conductor is sized either by calculation or selection.
This Guide covers the sizing of protective conductors by calculation, which uses
the adiabatic equation, as explained later. Information on sizing of protective
conductors by selection is given in Pocket Guide 14.
A protective conductor must always be sized by calculation where the line conductor
has been sized by considerations of short-circuit current and if the earth fault current
is expected to be less than the short-circuit current (543.1.1).
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR SIZES

Certain lower limits apply to the cross-sectional-area (csa) of the protective
conductor. The size of the protective conductor used must not be less than the
limiting values given in Regulations 543.1.1 and, where applicable, 544.1.1 as
discussed in Pocket Guide 14.
CALCULATING THE SIZE OF THE PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR

The csa of the protective conductor, where calculated, is to be no less than the
value (S) determined using the adiabatic equation (543.1.3).
Where:
I 2t
S=
k
S is the nominal csa of the protective conductor in mm2.
I is the value in amperes (rms for AC) of the fault current for a fault
of negligible impedance, which can flow through the associated
protective device, due account being taken of the current limiting
effect of the circuit impedances and the limiting capability (I2t) of that
protective device.
t is the operating time of the disconnecting device in seconds

corresponding to the fault current (I) in amperes.
k is a factor taking account of the resistivity, temperature coefficient and

heat capacity of the conductor material, and the appropriate initial and
final temperatures of the conductors.
Where a non-standard size is calculated, a conductor having at least the

nearest larger standard csa should be used.
Where the protective conductor is common to several circuits, the calculation

process should be based on the most onerous values of fault current (I) and
operating time (t) (or energy let-through (I2t)) encountered in each of the
circuits (543.1.2).
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PG 1-2
PG 15
SIZING OF PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS BY CALCULATION

DETERMINING THE VALUES OF FAULT CURRENT (I) AND TIME (t)
The value of fault current (I) used in the adiabatic equation is normally determined
by calculation, from the following formula:
Where:
U0
I=
Zs
I the fault current (I) at the furthest point in the circuit.
U0 the nominal voltage.
Zs the measured value of earth fault loop impedance corrected to allow

for the circuit conductors being at their normal operating temperature.
The value of operating time (t) for the disconnecting device, for use in the adiabatic
equation, can often be found from the time/current characteristic for the device. An
example of determining t is given below.
FUSES TO BS 88-2 FUSE SYSTEM E AND G

Example only, do not use for design
10
1
TIME, SECONDS
0.1
6A 20 A 32 A 50 A 80 A 125 A 200 A
10 100 1000 I 10000
PROSPECTIVE CURRENT, r.m.s. AMPERES
It can be seen from the time/current characteristic of the 200 A BS 88 fuse (above) that,
with a fault current (I) of 2000 A, the protective device has an operating time (t) of
0.55 seconds. However, where the value of I is so high that the corresponding value
of t is not shown in the time/current characteristic for the disconnecting device, the
value of energy let-through (I2t) should be obtained from the device manufacturer
and substituted into the adiabatic equation. The use of a value of I2t obtained from
the manufacturer may also be necessary in the following circumstances:
• for operating times (less than 0.1 s) where asymmetry of current is significant,
such as for a protective device close to the output terminals of a generator or
transformer
• where the protective device is a current limiting circuit-breaker or fuse that will
‘cut off’ or limit the current during prospective earth fault conditions.
VALUE OF k FOR USE IN THE ADIABATIC EQUATION

Values of k for protective conductors for use in the adiabatic equation, may be
obtained from Tables 54.2, 54.3, 54.4, 54.5 and 54.6 of BS 7671 extracts from which
are reproduced in Pocket Guide 14, for the most common situations.

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POCKET GUIDE 16
IP CODES
This Guide gives basic information about the IP (International Protection) code, based
on information given in BS EN 60529: 1992 + A2: 2013 – Degrees of protection
provided by enclosures (IP code), where you can find further details if necessary.
BS EN 60529 describes a system for classifying the degree of protection given by
enclosures of electrical equipment. This is to protect:
a) persons against ‘access to hazardous parts inside an enclosure’, and
b) equipment inside an enclosure against the ‘ingress of solid foreign objects
or dust’ and ‘the harmful effects from ingress of water or moisture’.
Electrical equipment enclosures are specified in the form IPXX. As appropriate,
the ‘first’ and/or ‘second’ X is replaced by a number as shown in Tables 1 and 2,
respectively, of this guide.
As an example, for IP2X, the 2 (from Table 1) defines an enclosure giving protection
against ingress of solid foreign objects with a diameter of 12.5 mm, and from a
finger being inserted and accessing hazardous parts; the X means there is no
protection against ingress of water specified.
A letter A, B, C or D, as shown in Table 3, is sometimes added after 1st and 2nd
numbers. the designation IPXX followed by a letter, means that the first and
second numbers are not specified, and the letter denotes the degree of protection
provided against access to live parts.
FIRST NUMBER OF IP CODES (TABLE 1)
1st Protection of equipment inside the Protection of persons

number enclosure against ingress of solid against access to hazardous
objects or dust (live or moving) parts inside
the enclosure
50
0 No protection 50 No protection 50
50 50
50
50
5050
50
50
50
50 mm diameter solid 5050 2.5 mm
1 Back of hand
foreign object 12.5
2.5 mm
100 mm
12.5 2.5 mm
2.5
2.5
2.5 mm
mmmm
100
2.5 mm
mm
12.5
12.5
12.5 Finger
12.5 mm diameter solid 12.5
12.5 100 mm
2 2.5 mm Standard joint test (12 mm 100
100
100 mm
mm
100
mm
mm
foreign object
2.5 mm diameter, 80 mm length)
2.5
2.5
2.5mm
mm
mm
2.5 mm
2.5 mm
2.5 mm diameter solid
3 1 mm Tool
foreign object
1 mm
1 mm
111mm
mmmm
1.0 mm diameter solid 1 mm
4 Wire
foreign object
5 Dust protected Wire
6 Dust-tight Wire
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PG 1-2
PG 16
IP CODES
SECOND NUMBER OF IP CODE (TABLE 2)
2nd Protection of equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of water

number with harmful effects
50
5050
50
50
0 No
50
protection 80 mm
80
80 mm
80mm
mm
80 80
mmmm
50
Vertically falling water drops, such as 1from condensation

80 mm 50
1 2.5 mm2.52.5
2.5mmmm
mm
2.5 mm2.5 mm
mm
11 mm
1mm
mm
1 mm
1 mm
100 mm100 mm
from surfaces above the enclosure 100100 mmmm
100
100mm
mm 100
100mm
mm
100 mm
100 mm 100
100 mmmm
2.5 mm 1 mm
15º
15º
15º
15º
15º
15º
Vertically falling water drops when the enclosure is tilted
100 mm 100 mm
12.5
2 15º
at any angle up to 15 ° from the vertical
60º
60º
60º
60º
60º
60º
Water sprayed at any angle up to 60 ° on either side of 60º
2.5 mm
3
the vertical
1 mm
4 Water splashed against the enclosure from any direction
Water jets projected against the enclosure from any

5
direction, such as from hosepipes
Powerful water jets projected against the enclosure from

6
any direction, such as from power jet sprays, or sea waves
‘Temporary’ immersion of enclosure in water under Temporary

Temporary
7 Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
specified conditions Temporary
Continuous
‘Continuous’ immersion of enclosure under specified Continuous
8 Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
conditions Continuous
Continuous
Water at high pressure and temperature against the
9
enclosure from any direction, such as from steam cleaning
Equipment enclosures of an installation need to be correctly selected, installed

and maintained to meet the requirements of BS 7671, and the manufacturer. For
example, an enclosure needs to have an appropriate IP code, and impact resistance
against any likely mechanical damage. Cable glands fitted to an enclosure also
need to have an IP code at least equal to that of the enclosure.
Covers of an enclosure need to be securely fixed, and access doors left tightly shut.
ADDITIONAL LETTER OF IP CODE (TABLE 3)
Letter Protection of persons against access to hazardous (live or moving)

parts inside the enclosure
50
A Back of hand (50 mm diameter)
50
50
B
50
Standard jointed test finger (12 mm diameter, 80 mm length)50
50
2.5 mm
80 mm
12.5
100 mm
2.5 mm
C Tool 2.5 mm diameter,100 mm length
50
2.5 mm 12.5
1 mm
50 80 100
mm mm
12.5 2.5 mm
100 mm 100 mm
2.5
2.5 mmmm 1 mm
D Wire 1.0 mm diameter, 100 mm length
12.5
2.5 mm 100 mm 100 mm
1 mm
1 mm
2.5 mm

1 mm
1 mm
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POCKET GUIDE 17
CONDITION REPORT CLASSIFICATION CODES
This Guide provides information on the application of Classification codes on a
Condition Report.
This Guide is limited to the range of observations associated with domestic and similar
electrical installations, and takes into account the requirements of BS 7671: 2018.
Each observed and verified instance of damage, deterioration, defect or
non-compliance with requirements of BS 7671 must be given an appropriate
Classification code C1, C2, or C3. This is for the benefit of the person ordering
the report, and of persons subsequently involved in additional or remedial work,
or further inspections. Each Classification code has a particular meaning as shown
in Table 1.
Usually, it should be possible to attribute a Classification Code to an observation
without the need for further investigation.
However, a Classification code FI should be recorded in respect of any observation
that could reasonably be expected to reveal danger or potential danger but this
could not be confirmed fully due to, for example, operational limitations or time
constraints.
Observations that are not non-compliances with the requirements of BS 7671, such
as where BS 3871 circuit-breakers are in-service, should not be recorded on the
Condition Report.
Although other observations, such as those associated with fire detection and alarm
systems to BS 5839 may be recorded on the report, they should not be assigned a
Classification code.
TABLE 1. DESCRIPTION AND MEANING OF STANDARD CLASSIFICATION CODES
Code Description Meaning
The safety of those using the installation

C1 Danger present is at risk and immediate remedial action
is required.
Those using the installation may not be at
immediate risk, however urgent remedial
C2 Potentially dangerous
action is required to remove potential
danger.
The investigation has revealed a
non-compliance with the current safety
standard which, whilst not presenting
C3 Improvement recommended
immediate or potential danger, would
result in significant safety improvement
if remedied.
Where a real and immediate danger is observed that puts the safety
of those using the installation at risk, a Classification code C1 must be
recorded, and that danger should be removed without delay.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 17
CONDITION REPORT CLASSIFICATION CODES

Where a verified observation could be given more than one Classification code,
only the most serious risk should be recorded (code C1 being the most serious risk).
Where a Condition Report contains an observation with a recorded

Classification code C1, code C2 or code FI, it would not be reasonable for
the installation to be assessed as ‘satisfactory’ for continued use.
Examples of applying verified standard codes are shown in Table 2. However, it is

the responsibility of the skilled person(s) (electrically)* carrying out the inspection
and testing to ensure that a Classification code appropriate for the particular
observation is recorded on the Condition Report, and the person(s) signing the
report is fully responsible for ensuring its content and accuracy before it is issued
to the client.
TABLE 2. EXAMPLES OF STANDARD CLASSIFICATION CODES APPLIED TO

OBSERVATIONS
Code Observation
a) Exposed live parts that are accessible to touch, such as where
accessible live conductors have no (or damaged) insulation.
C1
b) Incorrect polarity.
c) Conductive parts that have become live as the result of a fault.
a) A 30/32 A ring final circuit is discontinuous or cross-connected with

another circuit.
b) Separate protective devices in line and neutral conductors (for example,
C2
double-pole fusing).
c) A metallic pipe for gases or flammable liquids, or the metallic pipe
of a water utility supply, being used as the means of earthing.
a) Absence of ‘Safety Electrical Connection – Do Not Remove’ notice.

b) Absence of a notice indicating that the installation has wiring colours to
C3
two versions of BS 7671.
c) Absence of RCD periodic test notice.
It should be noted that the examples listed in

Table 2 are not exhaustive. Further examples of
Classification codes are given in Appendix G of the
NICEIC and ELECSA publication Inspection, Testing
and Certification. Further guidance on Classification
codes can be found in Electrical Safety First’s Best
Practice Guide 4 – Electrical installation condition
reporting: Classification codes for domestic and
similar electrical installations, which is available as a
free download from
www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk
* BS 7671 defines a skilled person (electrically) as ‘Person who
possesses, as appropriate to the nature of the electrical work
to be undertaken, adequate education, training and practical
skills, and who is able to perceive risks and avoid hazards
which electricity can create’.

POCKET GUIDE 18
MAXIMUM MEASURED VALUES OF
EARTH FAULT LOOP IMPEDANCE (Zs)
The values of maximum earth fault loop impedance (Zs) given in Tables 41.2, 41.3
and 41.4 in Chapter 41 of BS 7671, for commonly-used overcurrent protective
devices should not be exceeded when the conductors are at their normal operating
temperature (such as up to 70 °C for thermoplastic insulated conductors).
However, values of Zs are generally obtained under no-load conditions, when the
conductors are at ambient temperature (usually not to exceed 20 °C) and their
resistance is therefore lower than when at normal operating temperature.
Where this is the case, then as indicated in Appendix 3 of BS 7671, the fault protection
requirements of Regulations 411.4.4 (TN system) or 411.5.4 (TT system) are considered
to be met when the measured value of Zs does not exceed 80% of the applicable
maximum value (such as that given in Tables 41.2, 41.3 and 41.4 of BS 7671).
Tables 1 and 2 of this Pocket Guide give maximum measured values of Zs for fuses
and circuit-breakers or the overcurrent characteristic of RCBOs, equal to 80%
(rounded down) of the applicable maximum values given in Tables 41.2, 41.3 and
41.4 of BS 7671.
TABLE 1. MAXIMUM MEASURED VALUES OF Zs FOR FUSES
Fuses
Rated BS 88 (gG) BS 1361 or BS 3036 BS 88-2 BS 88-3
Fuse systems Fuse system C
Current (A) Parts 2 and 6 BS 1362 E and G*
0.4 s 5s 0.4 s 5s 0.4 s 5s 0.4 s 5s 0.4 s 5s
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 26.48 34.96 N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A 12.46 17.63 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 12.48 16.64 N/A N/A
5 N/A N/A 7.94 12.48 7.28 13.44 N/A N/A 7.94 11.64
6 6.47 10.28 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.24 9.70 N/A N/A
10 3.88 5.63 N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.71 5.45 3.71 5.45
13 N/A N/A 1.83 2.90 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
15 N/A N/A 2.49 3.80 1.93 4.06 N/A N/A N/A N/A
16 2.05 3.17 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.93 3.17 1.84 3.12
20 1.34 2.20 1.28 2.12 1.34 2.91 1.34 2.24 1.54 2.56
25 1.08 1.74 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.02 1.74 N/A N/A
30 N/A N/A 0.87 0.39 0.83 2.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A
32 0.79 1.36 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.79 0.36 0.72 1.24
40 0.62 1.02 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6 1.02 N/A N/A
45 N/A N/A 0.43 0.72 0.44 1.20 N/A N/A 0.45 0.79
50 0.45 0.79 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.45 0.79 N/A N/A
60 N/A N/A 0.28 0.52 0.32 0.84 N/A N/A N/A N/A
63 0.34 0.62 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.35 0.62 0.28 0.54
80 0.23 0.43 0.21 0.37 N/A N/A N/A 0.43 N/A 0.40
100 0.17 0.31 0.14 0.27 0.14 0.40 N/A 0.33 N/A 0.29
125 0.12 0.24 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.25 N/A N/A
160 0.09 0.19 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.20 N/A N/A
200 0.07 0.14 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.14 N/A N/A
Note: Values of Zs for disconnection times other than 0.4 s or 5 s shown may be required
by BS 7671. For example, 0.2 s may be required for a 230 V final circuit not exceeding 63
A supplying one or more socket-outlets in a TT system (Table 41.1 refers).
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 18
MAXIMUM MEASURED VALUES OF EARTH FAULT LOOP IMPEDANCE (Zs)
TABLE 2. MAXIMUM MEASURED VALUES OF Zs FOR CIRCUIT-BREAKERS OR

THE OVERCURRENT CHARACTERISTIC OF RCBOs
Circuit-breakers to BS 3871 or BS EN 60898 or RCBOs to BS EN 61009
Rated Type 3
Current (A) Type 1 Type 2 Type B and C Type D
0.4 s to 5 s 0.4 s 5s
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 N/A N/A 11.64 N/A N/A N/A
5 8.73 4.99 N/A 3.49 1.74 3.49
6 7.28 4.16 5.82 2.91 1.45 2.91
10 4.36 2.49 3.49 1.74 0.87 1.74
15 2.91 1.66 N/A 1.16 0.57 1.16
16 2.72 1.56 2.18 1.08 0.54 1.08
20 2.18 1.24 1.74 0.87 0.43 0.87
25 1.74 0.99 1.39 0.69 0.34 0.69
30 1.45 0.83 N/A 0.57 0.28 0.57
32 0.36 0.77 1.08 0.54 0.27 0.54
40 1.08 0.62 0.87 0.43 0.21 0.43
45 0.96 0.55 0.77 0.38 0.19 0.38
50 0.87 0.49 0.69 0.34 0.16 0.34
63 0.68 0.39 0.55 0.27 0.13 0.27
80 0.54 0.31 0.43 0.21 0.10 0.21
100 0.43 0.24 0.34 0.16 0.08 0.16
125 N/A N/A 0.27 0.13 0.06 0.13
N/A (Not Applicable) – indicates that the device is not available or not appropriate.
The values of Zs in Tables 1 and 2 are based on the ‘worst case limits’ of BS 7671
Some manufacturers’ protective devices operate at higher values of Zs than the
values shown.
Where a measured value of Zs exceeds the value given in Table 1 or 2, as applicable,
a more precise assessment of compliance with Regulation 411.4.5 or 411.5.4 may be
made by evaluating the value of Zs by calculation.
Guidance on measuring and reporting measured values of Zs is given in NICEIC
and ELECSA books, Domestic Periodic Inspection, Testing and Reporting and
Inspection, Testing and Certification.

POCKET GUIDE 19
SIZING EARTHING CONDUCTORS
This Guide gives information on determining the cross-sectional area (csa) for an
earthing conductor as required by BS 7671.
THE EARTHING CONDUCTOR OF AN INSTALLATION IN RELATION TO

THE MET AND THE MEANS OF EARTHING
Circuit protective conductors

and main protective
bonding conductors
Main Earthing Terminal
Earthing conductor
Distributor’s earthing
facility (TN system)
or installation Means of earthing
earth electrode
(TT or IT system)
Regulation 542.3.1 requires that every

POCKE
earthing conductor must comply with T GUID
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PG 1-2
PG 19
SIZING EARTHING CONDUCTORS
Additionally, an earthing conductor buried in the ground must have a csa not less
than that given in Table 54.1 of BS 7671 (reproduced below for ease of reference).
MINIMUM CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF A BURIED EARTHING CONDUCTOR
Protected against Not protected against

mechanical damage mechanical damage
2.5 mm2 copper 16 mm2 copper

Protection against corrosion by sheath
10 mm2 steel 16 mm2 coated steel
25 mm2 copper
Not protected against corrosion
50 mm2 steel
The thickness of a tape or strip conductor must be suitable to withstand mechanical

damage and corrosion. BS 7430 – Code of practice for protective earthing of
electrical installations recommends that unprotected strip conductors are not less
than 3 mm thick (clause 9.7 refers).
EARTHING CONDUCTOR PROTECTED AGAINST CORROSION
SAFETY ELECTRICAL
CONNECTION
DO NOT REMOVE Earthing conductor
Non-metallic
conduit or duct

POCKET GUIDE 20
HOLES AND NOTCHES IN JOISTS
Electrical installers erecting electrical systems within premises of traditional
construction often need to cut notches or drill holes in joists for the passage of
cables and/or their enclosures.
No wiring system should penetrate an element of building construction which is

intended to be load bearing unless the integrity of the load-bearing element can be
assured – by a structural engineer – after such penetration (522.8.14).
Clear practical guidance on drilling or notching joists in a manner that does

not detrimentally affect their load bearing capability is given in BS 6891:2015
Specification for the installation and maintenance of low pressure gas installation
pipework of up to 35 mm (R11⁄4) on premises. The advice given in this standard and
used as the basis of this Guide is equally applicable when installing cables and/or
wiring systems as it is to gas pipework.
Where cables or other wiring systems are installed within roof spaces, building
elements such as roof rafters, purlins, trussed rafters, bracing, etc., may only be
notched, drilled or cut away with the approval of a structural engineer.
FIG 1. ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR NOTCHING
≤0.25L ≤0.2L
≤0.125D
≥0.07L ≥0.1L
≤0.15
0.5D 0.5D
D ≤250
≥100 mm
L
Note 1: Notch dimensions applicable to top or bottom of joist.

Note 2: Notching can be carried out at both ends, on either the top or the bottom
(but not both at the same end) without a design check.
FIG 2. LIMITS FOR DRILLING JOISTS WHERE DRILLING AND NOTCHING OCCUR
≤0.4L ≤0.4L
≥0.25L ≥0.25L
0.5D 0.5D
D ≤250
≤0.25D
Hole centres at least 3 x their diameter apart

L
Note: Holes must be located at least 100 mm horizontally from notches.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 20
NOTCHES AND HOLES IN JOISTS
FIG 3. LIMITS FOR DRILLING OF

JOIST WHERE NO NOTCHING
≤0.4L
HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT
≥0.1L
0.5D 0.5D
D ≤150
Hole centres at least 3 x the diameter

of the largest hole apart
Note: A maximum of 8 × 30 mm holes is permitted within each drilling zone.

No notching is permitted.
FIG 4. INSTALLATION OF WIRING

SYSTEMS IN METAL WEB JOISTS
✘Don’t drill holes

in the timber chords
Don’t cut through

the timber chords ✘ ✘ Don’t cut notches
in the timber chords
Do use web opening

for sevices ✔
Don’t cut or remove

any of the metal webbing
✘
FIG 5. DRILLING/NOTCHING OF
TIMBER-ENGINEERED JOISTS
✘ Do not notch timber
✘ Do not make
holes in timber
Do not notch timber ✘
Do not drill timber ✘

POCKET GUIDE 21
CABLES PASSING THROUGH OR OVER JOISTS
Cables that pass through or over timber joists can be particularly vulnerable to damage
from impact, which can lead to a risk of electric shock or fire unless suitable measures
are taken to provide protection.
In order to protect against impact, Regulation 522.6.201 of BS 7671 requires a cable
installed under a floor or above a ceiling to be installed in such a position where it
is not liable to be damaged by contact with the floor or ceiling or their fixings (nails,
screws or the like).
This Regulation also requires that where a cable passes through a joist of a floor or
ceiling construction or through a ceiling support (e.g. under floorboards) the cable
should be:
• Installed at least 50 mm measured vertically from the top, or bottom as
appropriate, of the joist or batten, or
• meet one (or more) of the requirements given in Regulation 522.6.204; described
below.
Regulation 522.6.204 requires a cable to:
i incorporate an earthed metallic covering which meets with the requirements of
BS 7671 for a protective conductor of the circuit concerned, or
ii be enclosed in earthed metallic conduit meeting the requirements of BS 7671 for
a protective conductor, or
iii be enclosed in earthed metallic trunking or ducting meeting the requirements of 2. E
BS 7671 for a protective conductor, or
iv be provided with mechanical protection having sufficient strength to prevent
penetration of the cable by fixings, or
v form part of a SELV or PELV circuit complying with Regulation 414.4.
An example of the methods to minimise impact to cables of Regulations 522.6.201
and 522.6.204 (except indent v, which is self-explanatory) is illustrated below:
2. Earthed metallic sheath

3. Earthed containment
Non-metallic
rd sheathed cable
Ceiling board
1. Minimum 50 mm
1. Minimum 50 mm
to top or bottom,
as approriate, of joist 4. Suitable mechanical protection
to top or bottom, Notes for methods 1-4 overleaf
as approriate, of joist 4. Suitabl

updated to
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EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 21
CABLE PASSING THROUGH OR OVER JOISTS

EXPLANATORY NOTES FOR CABLES INSTALLED UNDER A FLOOR OR
ABOVE A CEILING
1. Regulation 522.6.201 specifies a minimum depth of 50 mm from the top or bottom,
as appropriate, of a joist or batten to minimise the risk of a cable being penetrated by
a fixing (nail, screw or the like) that is used to fix the floorboards or ceiling boards to
the joist. Where the contractor suspects that a depth of 50 mm will not be sufficient,
which might be the case due to the length of the particular fixings, the cable must
be installed at an increased depth. Where a joist, due to its dimensions, does not
permit an increased depth (or the 50 mm previously mentioned), one (or more) of the
following methods should be used.
2. Regulation 522.6.204* specifies the use of cables complying with BS 5467, BS 6724,
BS 7846, BS 8436 and BS EN 60702-1, such as mineral insulated copper sheathed
or steel wire armoured (swa) cables. The intention of installing such cables is to
ensure that should a fixing penetrate a cable it cannot make contact with a live
conductor without first coming into contact with the earthed metallic covering,
thereby providing a direct path for earth fault current to flow so that automatic
disconnection of the circuit occurs. Also, Regulation 543.2.5 requires that where the
metallic covering of a cable is used as a protective conductor, the metallic covering
should satisfy the requirements of items (i) and (ii) of Regulation 543.2.2, relating to
electrical continuity and cross-sectional area, respectively.
3. Regulation 522.6.204 specifies conduit complying with BS EN 61386-21 and trunking
or ducting complying with BS EN 50085-2-1. The intention of installing these earthed
containment systems to enclose cables in floors and ceilings is to provide similar
protection as given in 2 (above).
4. The electrical industry recognises that steel having a minimum thickness of 3 mm
may be suitable to prevent penetration of a cable by fixings. However, where shot
fired fixings are used a 3 mm plate is unlikely to prevent penetration and a thicker
plate will need to be used. Metal and plastic capping is not of sufficient strength and
should not be used.
* The titles of the British Standards given in Regulation 522.6.204 can be found in
Appendix 1 of BS 7671.

POCKET GUIDE 22
EMERGENCY LIGHTING PART 1.
GENERAL LIGHTING FOR ESCAPE ROUTES
This Guide covers the recommendations for emergency lighting in escape routes,
contained in BS 5266-1 2016: Code of practice for the emergency lighting of premises.
Part 2 of this Guide (Pocket Guide 23) covers emergency lighting for control rooms,
high risk task areas and open areas. As this Guide provides only a reminder of the
main recommendations, contractors involved in emergency lighting work should,
where necessary, consult the BS 5266 series to ensure its recommendations and
requirements are complied with in the design, construction, verification and
certification of emergency lighting installations.
ESCAPE ROUTE LIGHTING

The purpose of escape lighting is to enable buildings to be safely evacuated should
the normal lighting fail (clause 5.2.1). The lighting should provide the appropriate
visual conditions and direction-finding on escape routes and ensure that fire-
fighting and safety equipment can be readily located and used (clause 5.2.8.1).
To minimise the risk of parts of the escape route being in total darkness should
a emergency light fail, illuminance should be provided by at least two luminaires
(clause 6.3).
Where the building is not intended to be evacuated immediately, emergency safety

lighting should be provided (clause 5.3).
Fir
Fir Ex e
it
Ex e
it
PU
SH
TO
OP
EN
PU
SH
TO
OP
EN
e
Firit
Ex
Final Exit
For reliability, a larger number of lower output luminaires placed close together is
preferred to a few high output luminaires spaced further apart (clause 6.5).
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 22

GENERAL LIGHTING FOR ESCAPE ROUTES
EMERGENCY LIGHTING SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS:
EXIT DOORS JUNCTIONS

Install within 2 m Install within 2 m
of an exit door of escape route
intended to be used junctions.
in an emergency.
CORRIDORS STAIRWAYS
Install within 2 m Install within 2 m
horizontal distance horizontal distance
of a change of of change in floor
direction in an level or stairs (each
escape route. tread to receive
direct light).
ALARM AREAS OUTSIDE THE

Fire alarms, BUILDING
first aid points Install externally to
FIRST AID
POINT
and firefighting illuminate the route
equipment, install
FIRST AID to a place of safety.
within 2 m horizontal
POINT
distance.
The Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting (ICEL)* provide verification of

FIRST AID
POINT
photometric data for emergency lighting luminaires.
In accordance with this photometric data, emergency lighting manufacturers

produce spacing tables for their luminaires. These tables show the maximum
distances between luminaires for a given mounting height. Installing luminaires in
accordance with the relevant spacing table will ensure the minimum lighting level
will be achieved. FIRST AID
POINT
ESCAPE ROUTE CORRIDORS:

1 lux minimum on the centre line of the escape route (clause 5.2.5).
OPEN AREAS:
0.5 lux minimum in the central core to within 0.5 m of the walls (clause 5.2.6).
ESCAPE ROUTE SIGNS:

FIRST AID
Signs designated
POINT as E001 and E002 in BS EN 7010: 2012+A5 should be used
(subclause 5.2.9.1.1 of BS 5266-1 refers). Signs should be either back illuminated or
have an emergency luminaire within 2 m of horizontal height. Signs should be of the
same format throughout the building.
* ICEL formulates and promotes standards for emergency lighting and provides guidance on
that subject to specifiers, users and contractors.
For further information on installation design requirements, visit the ICEL website at
www.icel.co.uk

POCKET GUIDE 23
CONTROL ROOMS, HIGH RISK TASK AREAS AND OPEN AREAS
This Guide covers the recommendations for emergency lighting in control rooms, high
risk task areas and the open areas of buildings that are contained in BS 5266-1: Code
of practice for the emergency lighting of premises.
Part 1 (Pocket Guide 22) deals with general escape route lighting.
As this Guide provides only a reminder of the main recommendations of BS 5266-1,

contractors involved in emergency lighting work should, where necessary, consult
the BS 5266 series to ensure its recommendations and requirements are complied
with in the design, construction, verification and certification of the emergency
lighting installation.
CONTROL ROOMS
Emergency lighting is needed in control, plant and switch rooms to support
personnel who may need to undertake tasks or corrective actions to restore the
lighting, such as to replace an electrical fuse, reset a circuit-breaker or confirm the
operation of a standby generator. In circumstances where a generator supplies the
emergency lighting, battery-powered emergency luminaires should be provided in
the vincinity of the generator (clause 5.2.8.6 refers).
HIGH RISK TASK AREA LIGHTING

Emergency lighting is needed to safeguard people who are involved in a potentially
dangerous process or situation. Its purpose is to enable shut-down procedures
to be properly carried out in a way that the operator and other occupants of the
building are not put into harm’s way, such as by walking into dangerous machinery,
(clause 5.2.7 of BS 5266-1 refers).
OPEN AREA (OR ANTI-PANIC) LIGHTING

Emergency lighting is needed in large rooms and/or open areas to help reduce
the likelihood of panic and to enable safe movement of occupants towards escape
routes by providing appropriate visual conditions and direction finding (clause 3.14
of BS 5266-1 refers).
Fir
Exie
t
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BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 23

ESCALATORS TOILETS
Should not be used Install in all toilets
as an escape route, exceeding 8 m2 area
but require the or where natural
same illumination to light is not present.
protect users when
the supply fails.
LIFTS CONTROL ROOMS

To provide emergency Motor generator,
illumination in all lifts. control and plant
rooms for essential
and safety services.
HIGH RISK AREAS OPEN AREAS

Should be illuminated Fir
Ex e
it
Either with a
to at least 10 % of particular hazard,
the normal lighting or an escape route
15 lux, whichever is passing through or
greater (BS EN 1838 larger than 60 m2.
and clause 5.2.7 of
BS 5266-1 refer).
When luminaires have been sited to cover locations shown in this Guide, additional
luminaires may be required to ensure minimum lighting levels are achieved — ICEL
manufacturers provide spacing tables for this purpose. These tables show the
maximum distances between luminaires for a given mounting height. Installing
luminaires in accordance with the relevant spacing table will ensure the minimum
lighting level will be achieved.
ESCAPE ROUTE CORRIDORS:

1 lux minimum on the centre line of the escape route.
OPEN AREAS:
Emergency lighting should be provided for rooms with a floor area greater than
60 m2 or those, such as windowless areas, that have been risk assessed as needing
emergency lighting. These open areas should be provided with a minimum
horizontal illuminance of 0.5 lux at floor level, excluding a border of 0.5 m around
the perimeter.
ESCAPE ROUTE SIGNS:
Should be located and operated in accordance with BS 5499-4:2013 (clause 5.2.9.1.1
of BS 5266-1 refers).
FURTHER INFORMATION:
The Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting formulates and promotes standards
for emergency lighting and provides guidance on that subject to specifiers, users
and contractors. For further information on installation design requirements, visit
the ICEL website at www.icel.co.uk

POCKET GUIDE 24
FIRE DETECTORS IN NEW OR MATERIALLY ALTERED
DOMESTIC PREMISES: Grade D, Category LD2.
This Guide gives guidance for the installation of fire detectors* in new of materially
altered single-family dwellings to meet the relevant recommendations for a Grade D1/2,
Category LD2 system given in BS 5839-6: 2019 Fire detection and fire alarm systems
for buildings – Part 6: Code of practice for the design, installation, commissioning and
maintenance of fire detection and fire alarm systems in domestic premises. A Grade
D, Category LD2 system is the minimum standard for protection of life against fire
recommended by clause 9 (Choice of system) of BS 5839-6 for single-family dwellings
not exceeding three-storey with no floor greater than 200 m² in area, or of single-storey
where the floor area may exceed 200 m², such as a bungalow.
For single-family dwellings of a different nature, for example, two or more storey
dwellings with any floors greater than 200 m² in area, Table 1 of BS 5839-6 should be
consulted and an appropriate Grade and Category of system selected.
BS 5839-6 recommends that the design of a fire detection and fire alarm system for a
particular dwelling should be based on fire risk assessment and clause 9, with alarm
types appropriately selected for a room or area to provide the earliest warning signal in
the event of fire, whilst limiting false alarms.
INFORMATION ON ALARM TYPES GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO GRADE D,

CATEGORY LD2 SYSTEMS
• Smoke alarms are generally of two types: optical smoke alarms (OSAs) and
ionization smoke alarms (ISAs). Either may be used in any room or area, other
than kitchen, bath or shower rooms. However:
• OSAs are less likely than ISAs to respond to fumes from cooking. Thus, OSAs are
more suitable in rooms or areas into which kitchen cooking fumes may discharge.
• ISAs are less likely than OSAs to respond to tobacco smoke. Thus, ISAs are more
suitable in rooms or areas where smoking is likely.
• Heat alarms are slower to respond to fire than smoke alarms and are therefore
generally recommended for use in kitchens to provide fire detection, whilst
limiting false alarms. They also may be used in other rooms, for example,
where the speed of fire detection is not imperative. They should not be used
in circulation areas, such as hallways, corridors or staircase landings, (clause 10
(Types of fire detector and their selection) of BS 5839-6 refers).
• Carbon monoxide fire detectors may be installed as an alternative to smoke

detectors in the principal habitable room**, provided the applicable parts of
BS 5839-6, such as clause 10.2 are met. They may also be used as alternatives in
other rooms and areas (except kitchens).
updated to
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EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 24
Smoke alarm Heat (preferably
within 3m of each smoke) alarm
GRADE D, CATEGORY
bedroomLD2door installed
in lounge***
The following recommendations, given in clause 11 (Location and siting of fire
(principal
detectors) of BS 5839-6, are the minimum for a Grade D1/2,habitable
Category room)
LD2 system
in new or materially altered single-family dwellings:
Smoke alarm*
Within a room
Heat alarm
containing an alarm, Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2
installed
no point should exceed: 7.5 m
in kitchen
Smoke alarm
Smoke alarm*
7.5 m Smoke alarms*
Heat (preferably 7.5 m within a hallway
Heat alarm
smoke) alarm or corridor
5.3 m
installed no point should
in lounge*** Bedroom 3 exceed 7.5 m
Bathroom
(principal
habitable room)
Smoke alarm*
However, additional alarms may be required to satisfy fire risk assessment and/or the
relevant recommendations for a Grade D, Category LD2 system given Smokeinalarm
BS 5839-6
Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2
within a room which
as follows:
contains open stairs,
Heat alarm such as a living
Heat alarmroom
Smoke alarm* or dining room
installed
Heat alarm installed
7.5 m Heat alarm
in kitchen
installed 7.5 m in kitchen
installed
in kitchen in kitchen
Smoke alarms*
Bedroom 3Heat Smoke alarm
(preferably
Bathroom 7.5 m within
Smoke aalarms*
Heathallway
(preferably
within
smoke) 3m ofalarm
alarm each or corridor
within a hallway
smoke) alarm
Heat Smoke
(preferably 7.5 m Heat (preferably
bedroom no point should
installed
within
smoke) 3m of door
alarm each or corridor
installed
smoke) alarm
in lounge*** exceed
no point
in 7.5 m
should
lounge***
bedroom door
installed installed
(principal
in lounge*** exceed 7.5 m
(principal
in lounge***
habitable
(principal room) habitable
(principal room)
Smoke alarm* habitable room) Smoke alarm* habitable room)
Smoke alarm* Smoke alarm*
Within a room Smoke alarm
Bedroom 1 an alarm,
containing Bedroom 2 Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2
Within a room within aSmoke
room which
alarm
no point1should
Bedroom
containing exceed: 2
Bedroom
an alarm, Bedroom 1
contains open Bedroom
stairs, 2
within a room which
no pointalarm
Smoke should exceed: such as a open
contains living stairs,
room
Smoke alarm* Smoke
oradining alarm*
room
7.5 m alarm
Smoke such as living room
Smoke alarm* Smoke
or dining alarm*
room
7.5 m
Heat alarm
5.3 malarm
Heat
5.3 m
Bedroom 3 Bathroom Bedroom 3 Bathroom
Bedroom 3 Bathroom Bedroom 3 Bathroom
Further information regarding the recommendations of BS 5839-6 are given in

Pocket Guide 10.
* Where detectors for smoke, heat and carbon monoxide are referred to in this Guide, it is taken
that they are devices which incorporate within one housing the components to, detect their
relevant characteristics for fire, and give an audible alarm.
** Principal habitable room – normally the most frequently used room for general daytime
living (excluding a kitchen, utility room, bathroom, dressing room or toilet).
*** Alternatively a carbon monoxide fire detector may be used.

POCKET GUIDE 25
RCDS - OPERATING TIMES
FAULT PROTECTION
Where an RCD is installed to provide fault protection in an installation forming part
of a TN or TT system, Regulation 643.7.1 requires verification of its effectiveness
to provide automatic disconnection of supply taking into account the operating
characteristic of the RCD employed.
Initially, the RCD should be visually inspected to confirm that it is of an appropriate
type, rated current or current setting, and sensitivity in terms of its rated residual
operating current for its intended purpose.
Testing should then be carried out using suitable test equipment to confirm that
the device will operate within the relevant disconnection time given in Chapter 41
of BS 7671 when tested at any current greater than or equal to the rated residual
operating current (IΔn) of the RCD and preferably the highest test current that can
be delivered safely by the instrument or at a test current specified by the RCD
manufacturer.
Earthing Disconnection
Circuit type BS 7671 Reference
system time (seconds)
Final circuits.
Rated currents not TN 0.4
exceeding:
• 63 A supplying
socket-outlets, 411.3.2.2 Table 41.1
and
• 32 A supplying TT 0.2
only fixed current-
using equipment
Distribution TN 5 411.3.2.3
circuit or circuit
not covered
by Regulation TT 1 411.3.2.4
411.3.2.2/Table 41.1
Part of a reduced
TN or TT 5 411.8.3
low voltage system
Provision of
TN or TT 0.04 643.8
additional protection
TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF DISCONNECTION TIMES GIVEN IN CHAPTER 41 OF BS 7671

Testing should be performed in both half-cycles and the longer of the two disconnection
times obtained should be recorded on the schedule of test results accompanying the
Electrical Installation Certificate or in Part 4 of the Minor Electrical Installation Works
Certificate.
updated to
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EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 25
RCDS - OPERATING TIMES

ADDITIONAL PROTECTION
Where an RCD is installed to provide additional protection in an installation forming
part of a TN or TT system, Regulation 643.8 requires its effectiveness to be verified
by visual inspection and testing.
The purpose of the visual inspection is to confirm that the RCD has a rated residual
operating current (IΔn) not exceeding 30 mA as required by Regulation 415.1.1.
The RCD should then be tested at any current greater than or equal to five times
the rated residual operating current (IΔn) of the RCD and preferably the highest test
current that can be delivered by the instrument.
Testing should be performed in both half-cycles and the longer of the two
disconnection times obtained should be recorded on the schedule of test results
accompanying the Electrical Installation Certificate or in Part 4 of the Minor
Electrical Installation Works Certificate.
The RCD meets the requirements of Regulation 643.8 if it operates within 40 ms

when tested.
Note: There is no requirement to carry out a test at half the rated residual operating
current during initial verification and so such testing is not discussed in this Guide.
However, such a test might be useful when fault finding during maintenance or fault
finding procedures.
N L N L
100 mA 30 mA
T T
TYPICAL RCBOs RATED FOR FAULT PROTECTION AND

ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

POCKET GUIDE 26
INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING -
LOW VOLTAGE AND FELV CIRCUITS
This Guide covers insulation resistance (IR) testing of low voltage (LV) circuits –
typically 230/400 V rated, and FELV circuits. It does not cover IR testing of SELV and
PELV circuits; see NICEIC and ELECSA Pocket Guide 27.
IR testing is one of the vital safety checks that must be carried out (with satisfactory
results) before circuits are first energised (643.1 and 643.3), and which should also
be repeated periodically during the life of an installation.
IR testing can reveal dangerous conditions such as contact between a live

conductor and (say) a metal support bracket or a metal frame of a partition, due
to a screw penetrating a concealed cable, for example. To increase the chance
of revealing such hazards, the protective conductors MUST be connected to the
earthing arrangement of the installation; that is, the distributor’s earthing facility
(TN system) or installation earth electrode (TT system), when IR testing between live
conductors and protective conductors is carried out (643.3.1).
Comparing the results of IR tests with relevant criteria gives an indication of the
condition of conductor insulation. A minimum IR value of 1.0 MΩ is considered
satisfactory for LV and FELV circuits where the main switchboard and each
distribution circuit are tested separately, with final circuits connected but current-
using equipment disconnected (643.3.2). However, much higher readings should
usually be expected, especially for individual circuits, for which readings could be
200 MΩ or more.
For tests on an existing installation, the measured IR values should be compared

with any available records of measured IR values from previous testing, to identify
any deterioration.
PROCEDURE
1 Persons carrying out IR testing must be suitably competent and must
follow a safe working procedure.
2 Securely isolate the installation and/or circuits to be tested and confirm

with a suitable test instrument that no dangerous voltage is present.
Pocket Guide 5 gives information on safe isolation procedure.
3 Disconnect and/or unplug equipment likely to influence, or be

damaged by, IR testing, such as surge protective devices, electronic
time switches and certain current-using equipment. Alternatively,
where it is not reasonably practicable to disconnect such equipment,
test only between the line and neutral conductors connected together
and the protective conductor (connected to the earthing arrangement)
(643.3.1) or, exceptionally, reduce the applied test voltage to 250 V DC
However, the minimum satisfactory measured value remains 1.0 MΩ.
(643.3.2)
4 RCDs can be damaged by IR testing and may affect IR test results. It

may therefore be necessary to disconnect RCDs temporarily while
these tests are performed and/or to test the wiring on the load side of
RCDs separately, to ensure the wiring is included in the test.
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BS 7671:2018
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PG 26
INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING - LOW VOLTAGE AND FELV CIRCUITS

5 When testing a distribution board or distribution circuit, ensure
all relevant devices controlling outgoing circuits, such as circuit-
breakers, are closed, so all relevant parts of the installation
are tested (but see also 4 above). Two-way (and intermediate)
switching should be operated during the test procedure and the
test repeated so that all live conductors are subjected to IR testing.
6 Carry out IR testing using a test instrument to BS EN 61557-2

set to 500 V DC or, exceptionally, 250 V DC, and to the highest
resistance range on the instrument such as 200 MΩ, as follows:
• For single-phase circuits, between:
a) Line and neutral
b) Line and neutral conductors temporarily connected
together and the protective conductor (connected
to the earthing arrangement).
• For a three-phase installation, between:
c) Line 1 and Line 2
d) Line 2 and Line 3
e) Line 3 and Line 1
f) Line conductors temporarily connected together
and neutral
g) Line and neutral conductors temporarily connected
together and the protective conductor (connected
to the earthing arrangement).
Compare the results obtained with the minimum satisfactory value of 1.0 MΩ and,
for an existing installation, with records of previous tests.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
INSTALLATION MUST BE
• A good insulator should have high
CONNECTED TO EARTH
resistance, typically many megohms
(MΩ). Any lower than expected IR
test results must be investigated.
They could indicate:
- a dangerous condition in the
installation, and/or
- current-using equipment is
connected, and/or
- for an existing installation,
noticeable deterioration.
• Reconnect any equipment
disconnected during stages 3 and/or
4 above, after IR testing has been
performed.
• Do not energise a circuit unless all
‘dead’ test results are satisfactory.
50
0V
25
0V
20
OF 00
F MΩ
Co 20
nt 0M
1M Ω
Ω
20
20 0Ω
TE Ω
ST

POCKET GUIDE 27
INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING -
SELV AND PELV CIRCUITS
This Guide covers insulation resistance (IR) testing of separated extra-low voltage
(SELV) and protective extra-low voltage (PELV) circuits. These are circuits having
a nominal voltage not exceeding 50 V AC. or 120 V ripple-free DC, complying
with Section 414 of BS 7671. IR testing of functional extra-low (FELV) circuits is
not covered by this Guide; see NICEIC and ELECSA Pocket Guide 26, Insulation
resistance testing – low voltage and FELV circuits. This Guide should be read in
conjunction with Pocket Guide 26, as many of the general principles referred to in
that Guide also apply to IR testing of SELV and PELV circuits.
SELV and PELV circuits generally form only part of an installation. There is not
usually a SELV or PELV switchboard or distribution board. An example of a SELV or
PELV circuit is an extra-low voltage circuit fed by a safety isolating transformer and
supplying luminaires.
Like low voltage (LV) and FELV circuits, the IR testing of SELV and PELV circuits is
carried out with a test instrument to BS EN 61557-2, set to the highest resistance
range, such as 200 MΩ. However, the requirements of test voltage and insulation
resistance differ from those for LV and FELV circuits, as explained in this Guide.
The IR tests referred to in A and, where applicable, B of this Guide must be carried
out (with satisfactory results) before the SELV or PELV circuits are first energised,
and should be repeated periodically during the life of the installation.
A. IR TESTS BETWEEN SELV/PELV CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS, AND TO EARTH

Separation of the live parts of each SELV and PELV circuit from those of other
circuits and, for SELV circuits, from Earth must be confirmed by measuring the
insulation resistance (643.4.1 and 643.4.2).
Table 64 of BS 7671 indicates that the measurements are carried out with a test
voltage of 250 V DC, applied:
• between the live conductors of each SELV or PELV circuit and

the live parts of other SELV and PELV circuits, and
• between the live conductors of each SELV circuit and Earth
(Fig 1 shows an example).
A minimum measured IR value of 0.5 MΩ applies to testing carried out at 250 V
(Table 64). However, much higher readings should usually be expected, especially
for individual circuits, for which readings could be 200 MΩ or more.
Continued overleaf
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 27
INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING - SELV AND PELV CIRCUITS
FIG 1. EXAMPLE OF IR TESTING BETWEEN THE LIVE CONDUCTORS OF

A SELV CIRCUIT AND EARTH
Temporary links
250
Note: The protective conductor MUST be connected to the earthing

arrangement of the installation (643.3.1)
B. IR TESTS BETWEEN SELV/PELV CIRCUITS AND NON-SELV/PELV CIRCUITS

Separation of the live parts of each SELV and PELV circuit from those of circuits
other than SELV or PELV must be confirmed by measuring the insulation
SNAG 39B
resistance (643.4.1 and 643.4.2). Fig 2 shows an example of this test.
Table 64 of BS 7671 indicates that where the nominal voltage of the non- SELV/PELV
circuits is up to 500 V, a test voltage of 500 V DC should be applied, and where the
nominal voltage of the non-SELV/PELV circuit is above 500 V, a test of 1,000 V DC
should be applied.
The minimum satisfactory measured IR value increases to 1.0 MΩ (Table 64).
However, much higher readings should usually be expected, especially for
individual circuits, for which readings could be 200 MΩ or more.
FIG 2. EXAMPLE OF IR TESTING BETWEEN THE LIVE CONDUCTORS OF A

SELV OR PELV CIRCUIT AND THOSE OF A NON-SELV/PELV CIRCUIT
Temporary links
250

POCKET GUIDE 28
APPLICATION OF RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICES (RCDs)
This Guide gives information on typical applications of RCDs, according to their
rated residual operating current (IΔn). See Pocket Guide 29 for information on the
classification of RCDs according to whether or not they incorporate a time delay
and their ability to give protection where current includes a DC component. See
Pocket Guide 25 for information on the operating times of RCDs.
The ‘preferred’ values of IΔn given in product standards for RCDs used in electrical
installations are 10 mA, 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA and 500 mA. Table 1 summarises
some typical applications for RCDs, and the main requirements of BS 7671.
TABLE 1. APPLICATION AND USE OF RCDs
Typical application (Note 1) BS 7671 Reg

IΔn not exceeding 30 mA (Note 2)
Socket-outlets rated at up to 32 A (Note 4) and

411.3.3
mobile equipment up to 32 A for use outdoors
Cables concealed in walls and partitions in certain 522.6.202

circumstances (Note 5) 522.6.203
Lighting in telephone kiosks, bus shelters, advertising

714.411.3.3
panels, town plans etc.
Additional protection
All low voltage circuits (e.g. 230 V) of a location

containing a bath or shower either serving the
701.411.3.3
location or passing through zones 1 and/or 2 but
not serving the location
All low voltage circuits of a sauna location, except

703.411.3.3
sauna heater unless recommended by manufacturer
Final circuits supplying socket-outlets rated at up to 32 A

705.411.1
in agricultural and horticultural premises
Caravan pitch socket-outlets. Each socket-outlet to

708.415.1
be individually protected by an RCD (Note 6)
Circuits supplying floor and ceiling heating systems 753.415.1
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BS 7671:2018
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PG 28
APPLICATION OF RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICES (RCDs)
Typical application (Note 1) BS 7671 Reg

Continued overleaf
Certain circuits of a location containing a swimming 702.410.3.4.1
or paddling pool 702.410.3.4.2
Socket-outlets for boats, and circuits to supply houseboats,
at marinas and similar. Each to be individually protected 709.531.2
by an RCD (Note 6)
The installation of a caravan or motor caravan (Note 6) 721.415.1
Fault protection
Charging points for electric vehicles (Note 6) 722.531.2.101

Circuits supplying floor and ceiling heating systems 753.411.3.2
Installations generally (Note 3)
Where a sufficiently low earth fault loop impedance 411.4.4 (TN system)
(Zs) for overcurrent device cannot be achieved 411.5.3 (TT system)
IΔn not exceeding 100 mA
Final circuits supplying socket-outlets rated at more

705.411.1
than 32 A in agricultural and horticultural premises
IΔn not exceeding 300 mA (Note 6)
Wiring systems except mineral insulated cable,

against fire
Protection
busbar trunking and Powertrack, in locations with 422.3.9

risk of fire due to processed or stored materials.
Agricultural and horticultural premises (Note 6) 705.422.7
Circuits in agricultural and horticultural premises,

705.411.1
Fault protection
except socket-outlet circuits (covered earlier)
IΔn not exceeding 500 mA
Final circuits supplying socket-outlets rated at more than

32 A on construction and demolition sites, where the 704.411.3.2.1
protective measure is automatic disconnection of supply
Notes.
1. The applications in Table 1 are not exhaustive. For example, RCDs required by
Part 7 of BS 7671 in Sections 710 (Medical locations), 711 (Exhibitions, shows and
stands), 717 (Mobile or transportable units) and 740 (Temporary installations for
fairgrounds etc) are not included.
2. RCD must be of general (non-delay) type.
3. Except for a special installation or location for which Part 7 of BS 7671 gives a
different requirement.
4. Where, other than for an installation in a dwelling, a documented risk assessment
determines that the RCD protection is not necessary.
5. Cables without earthed metallic covering or earthed metallic enclosure or not
forming part of a SELV or PELV circuit, at a depth of less than 50 mm from surface
of a wall or partition, or irrespective of depth if the wall or partition has internal
metal parts (except screws or nails etc).
6. RCD must disconnect all live (line and neutral) conductors.
7. IΔn must be not more than 30 mA where a resistive fault may cause a fire (see
Regulation 422.3.9 for details).

POCKET GUIDE 29
CLASSIFICATION OF RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICES (RCDs)
This Guide gives information on the classification of RCDs according to whether
or not they incorporate a time-delay and their ability to give protection where
residual current includes a DC component. See Pocket Guide 25 for information
on the operating times of RCDs, and Pocket Guide 28 for information on typical
applications of RCDs.
TIME-DELAY (IN THE PRESENCE OF RESIDUAL CURRENT)
RCDs are manufactured as follows:
• without time-delay for general use
• Type S or time-delayed.
Where necessary to provide selectivity with an RCD downstream, an RCD will need
to be of Type S or incorporate a time delay. Additionally, the ratio of the rated
residual operating current of the upstream RCD to that of the downstream RCD
must be at least 3:1(536.4.1.4).
Where a protective conductor current is expected in normal operation (such as
may be the case where the installation supplies electronic equipment or heating
elements), consideration should be given to the following to avoid unnecessary
tripping:
- sub-division into circuits protected by individual RCDs
- circuit design to ensure protective conductor current downstream of an RCD
does not exceed 30 % of its rated residual operating current
- use of short-term time-delay whilst ensuring the relevant disconnection time of
Chapter 41 can still be achieved
- effective coordination between general type, selective type and time-delay type RCDs
- coordination between RCDs and surge protective devices (531.3.2).
PROTECTION WHERE RESIDUAL CURRENT INCLUDES A DC COMPONENT
RCDs are classified into a number of types, according to their ability to give
protection with different residual current waveforms. The figure adjacent shows
the symbols used to denote the main types, and the table overleaf lists the current
waveforms for which the operation of each of these types is assured.
Note: Only the symbol(s) applicable to the particular type are marked on an RCD.
TYPE AC
TYPE A
TYPE B
I - ON
63 A
TYPE F
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BS 7671:2018
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CLASSIFICATION OF RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICES (RCDs)
MAIN TYPES OF RCD
Type Operation is assured for
AC residual sinusoidal alternating currents,

whether suddenly applied or slowly
rising.
A
as for Type AC and, in addition, residual
pulsating direct currents and residual
pulsating direct currents superimposed
on a smooth direct current of up to 6 mA.
B as for Type F, and in addition: residual

sinusoidal alternating currents up to
1000 Hz, residual alternating currents
superimposed on a smooth direct
current of 0.4 times the rated residual
operating current, residual pulsating
rectified direct currents resulting from
two or more phases, and residual
smooth direct currents, independent of
polarity, whether suddenly applied or
slowly increased.
F
as for Type A, intended for circuit
supplied between line and neutral or
line and earthed middle conductor, and
for residual pulsating direct currents
superimposed on a smooth direct
current up to 10 mA.
From the table, it can be appreciated that a Type AC RCD can only be expected
to give protection where no DC component is present in any residual current
detected by the RCD.
For a circuit used to supply equipment liable to produce residual current having a
DC component (such as some types of electronic equipment), any RCD used should
be of a suitable type, other than Type AC, depending on the characteristics of the
DC component (see table).
Where a solar PV power supply system does not provide at least simple separation
between the AC and DC sides (such as where the inverter is transformerless),
any RCD used to provide fault protection should be of Type B to BS EN 62423.
(712.411.3.2.1.2). The only exception is where it has been established, such as from
a written declaration from the inverter manufacturer, that the inverter is so designed
that it is not able to feed DC fault currents into the electrical installation.

POCKET GUIDE 30
NOTICES AT OR NEAR THE ORIGIN OF AN INSTALLATION
IN A BUILDING
This Guide lists the notices that Section 514 and Part 7 of BS 7671 require to be
fixed at or near the origin of an electrical installation (the position at which electrical
energy is delivered to the installation) in a building. The Guide is intended as a
convenient reminder for use during the planning, construction, initial verification
and periodic inspection of an electrical installation.
For a new installation, the electrical certification must not be issued until any defect
or omission revealed during the inspection and testing has been corrected (644.1.1).
For an addition and/or alteration to an existing installation, any defect or omission
revealed during inspection and testing that will affect the safety of the addition or
alteration must be corrected before the certification is issued (644.1.2).
For a periodic inspection, any observed deficiencies which may give rise to danger,
including the absence of any certain notices, should be recorded in the Electrical
Installation Condition Report and an appropriate Classification code attributed (653.2).
The following table summarises the applicable requirements of Section 514 and Part 7
for notices at or near the origin.
Some notices may also be required at other appropriate locations within an installation
(as well as at or near the origin), such as where bonding conductors connect to
extraneous-conductive-parts, or on or near a distribution board downstream from the
origin serving wiring identified by colours to two versions of BS 7671.
Notices should be legible, constructed from appropriately durable material and securely
fixed in a prominent position. See also BS 7671 for full requirements relating to wording
of each notice.
Subject/summary Example/Regulation No.
Voltage. Warning, before gaining access to 514.10.1 Residual

them, that live parts with nominal voltage to sinusoidal alternating
earth exceeding 230 V are present within an currents, whether
item of equipment or enclosure where this suddenly applied or
would not normally be expected. slowly rising.
Isolation. Warning that an item of electrical 514.11.1 On or near an

equipment contains live parts not capable of enclosure that contains
being isolated by a single device. parts connected to a
mains supply and parts
connected to a generator.
Periodic inspection and testing*. Notification of 514.12.1 On or near

the recommended date of the next inspection.
the main distribution
board.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 30
NOTICES AT OR NEAR THE ORIGIN OF AN INSTALLATION
IN A BUILDING
RCD. Notification to remind the relevant person 514.12.2 On or near

to test the RCD every six months. each RCD within the
installation.
Earthing and bonding connections. Warning not 514.13.1 Adjacent to a

to remove earthing and bonding connections. main earthing terminal
that is separate from the
main switchgear.
Where protective measure of earth-free local 514.13.2 Adjacent to

equipotential bonding (Regulation Group every point of access to
418.2) or electrical separation for supply the location (one of which
to more than one item (Regulation Group could be near the origin).
418.3) is used. Warning that relevant bonding
conductors must not be earthed, and not to
bring equipment having earthed exposed-
conductive-parts into the location.
Non-standard colours Warning that installation 514.14.1 On or near a
contains wiring colours to two versions of BS 7671. distribution board serving
an installation where
additions/alterations using
brown and blue insulated
conductors have been
made but original wiring
uses red and black
insulated conductors.
Alternative supplies Warning that an installation 514.15.1 On or near a

includes one or more supplies other than the distribution board of an
incoming mains supply. installation having a mains
supply and a solar PV
supply.
High protective conductor currents Notification 514.16 On or near a

that an installation includes circuit(s) with a high distribution board
protective conductor current. containing circuit(s)
complying with Regulation
Group 543.7 (543.7.1.205).
Non-isolatable live parts enclosed (PV system) 712.537.2.2.5.1 On a

Warning that parts may be live after isolation PV system junction box
from the PV convertor. containing parts supplied
from PV modules.
Floor and ceiling heating systems. Notification 753.514 On or near a

and information where an installation contains a distribution board serving
floor or heating system. a floor or ceiling heating
system.
*required at or near the origin in every installation and the others are required only in
certain circumstances, such as where an installation has an alternative supply (to the
mains supply).

stallation work in Wales is notifiable,
idePOCKET
8 (updated toGUIDE
the 17th Edition: 31
PART P - NOTIFIABLE OR NOT
ENGLAND scheme, such as those
f-certification
notThis
required to notify a BCB prior to
Guide provides a quick reference to whether electrical installation work that
began on or after 6 April 2013 in a dwelling or associated buildings or land in
ver,England
the Part P registered company
needs to be notified to a Building Control Body (BCB) in accordance with
body following
the Building completion
Regulations 2010 for Englandof(the the
BR).
e Building Regulations compliance

For guidance on whether electrical installation work in Wales is notifiable, see
pier,NICEIC
and and soELECSA
that Pocket
the certificate
Guide 8. (or a
sued to the registered
A company BCB. with a Part P self-certification scheme, such as those
operated by NICEIC and ELECSA, is not required to notify a BCB prior to carrying
e Approved
out ‘notifiabledocument
work’. However,P the
2013Part edition
P registered company must notify their
relevant registration body following completion of the notifiable work so that a copy
areofnotifiable.
the Building Regulations compliance certificate will be issued to the occupier,
and so that the certificate (or a copy of the information on it) will be issued to the
he BCB.
issuing
For itemsof electrical
of work not coveredinstallation
here, see Approved document P 2013 edition
ther an item of electrical
– for use in England to find installation
out if they are notifiable.
The requirements of the BR and the issuing of electrical installation certification apply
irrespective of whether an item of electrical installation work is notifiable or not.
APPLICATION OF PART P
In England, Part P of the BR applies to electrical installations intended to operate at
low voltage (typically 230 V) or extra-low voltage:
to electrical installations
• in or attached intended
to a dwelling (house toassociated land (garden) and
or flat), and
buildings, such as a garage, shed, conservatory or greenhouse,
or extra-low voltage:
• in the common access areas (staircases and corridors excluding the power
or flat), and associated land (garden)

supply to a lift) of buildings containing flats,
hed,• inconservatory
shared amenities, or suchgreenhouse,
as a room used as a laundry or kitchen within a
building containing flats, and
ircases and
• where corridors
business excluding
premises (excluding the buildings) and a dwelling
agricultural
containing flats,
share the same land and meter, such as a shop and a dwelling.
m used as a laundry
ning flats, and
Part P
APPROVED
uding agricultural DOCUMENT
2013 edition
he same land and FOR USE IN
ing. ENGLAND
updated to
TH
EDITION
Amd 3: 2015 BS 7671:2018

PG 1-2
PG 31
PART P - NOTIFIABLE OR NOT
ENGLAND
NOTIFIABLE WORK
Anywhere in a dwelling or its surroundings:
• Installation of a new final circuit or distribution circuit, whether at low

voltage (typically 230 V) or extra-low voltage
• Replacement of a consumer unit.
Within a special location*:
• Any alteration or addition to an existing circuit, whether at low

voltage (typically 230 V) or extra-low voltage.
* A special location is a room containing a bath or shower, swimming pool or a sauna heater. For a
room containing a bath or shower, an alteration or addition to an existing circuit is notifiable only
where carried out in the space surrounding a bath or shower (as illustrated below), rather than the
whole room volume, which is the case for rooms containing a swimming pool or sauna heater. For
a fuller explanation of special locations, see Section 2 of Approved document P 2013 edition - for
use in England.
0.6 m
0.6 m
2.25 m from the floor

(or up to the height of the
shower head if attached to
the wall or ceiling)
] Work is Part P notifiable
Where there is no bath tub or shower tray, the space extends horizontally from
‡ ‡ the centre point of the shower head where it is attached to the wall or ceiling to a
distance of 1.2 metres.
NON-NOTIFIABLE WORK
All electrical work that is not listed above under ‘Notifiable work’ need not be
notified, namely:
• additions or alterations to existing installations outside of special

locations (but not including the provision of a new circuit),
• replacements, repairs and maintenance anywhere,
• installing fixed current-using equipment (provided the circuit

protective device and current-carrying capacity of conductors are
suitable).

POCKET GUIDE 32
USE OF THE FORMS RECOGNISED BY BS 7671
FOR CERTIFICATION AND REPORTING
This Guide explains the application of the three forms specified by Part 6 of BS 7671 for
the certification of, and reporting on, electrical installations. The relevant form, duly
compiled, should be issued to the person ordering the work to provide information
on the installation.
FORMS REFERRED TO IN PART 6 OF BS 7671

AND THEIR APPROPRIATE USE
Electrical Installation Certificate (EIC):
Except where Regulation 644.4.201 applies, Regulation 644.1 requires an EIC
(including a record of the inspection and the results of testing) to be issued
upon completion of the verification of a new installation or additions and
alterations to an existing installation.
Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate (MEIWC):
Regulation 644.4.201 permits a MEIWC to be issued instead of an EIC upon
completion of the verification of minor electrical installation work that does not
include the provision of a new circuit.
Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR):
Regulation 653.1 requires an EICR (including a record of the inspection and the
results of testing) to be issued following the periodic inspection and testing of
an existing installation in accordance with Chapter 65 of BS 7671.
Forms may be produced in any durable medium, including written and electronic
media. The forms should be based on the models given in Appendix 6 of BS 7671
and contain, as a minimum, the detailed information given in those models. Forms
similar in design to the models and/or containing additional information are
therefore not precluded. Table 1 overleaf gives examples of the appropriate use of
each of the forms, and Table 2 gives examples of inappropriate uses that have been
found by NICEIC and ELECSA.
This certificate is not valid if the serial

ICN18C
Original (to the person ordering the work)
number has been defaced or altered
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE

Issued in accordance with BS 7671: 2018 – Requirements for Electrical Installations
PART 1 : DETAILS OF THE CONTRACTOR, CLIENT AND INSTALLATION

DETAILS OF THE CONTRACTOR DETAILS OF THE CLIENT DETAILS OF THE INSTALLATION
Registration No: Branch No*: Contractor Reference Number (CRN): Occupier:
Trading Title: Name: Address:
This report is not valid if the serial
IPN18C
Address: Address: number has been defaced or altered
Postcode: Tel No: Postcode: Tel No:

ELECTRICAL
Postcode:
INSTALLATION
Tel No:
CONDITION REPORT
PART 2 : DETAILS OF THE ELECTRICAL WORK COVERED BY THIS INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE

PART 1 : DETAILS OF THE CONTRACTOR, CLIENT AND INSTALLATION
Date worksDETAILS
completed:OF THE CONTRACTOR Description and extent of the installation covered
DETAILS OFbyTHE
this certificate:
CLIENT DETAILS OF THE INSTALLATION
The installation is –
Registration No: Branch No: Contractor Reference Number (CRN): Occupier:
New: Trading Title: ( ) Name: Address:
This certificate is not valid if the serial
IMN18C
An addition:Address: ( ) Address: number has been defaced or altered
An alteration:
Replacement Postcode:
of a distribution board:
( )
( Tel No:) Postcode: Tel No: MINORWhere
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
Postcode:
necessary, continue Tel Page
on a separate numbered page:
WORKS
No: No(s) (
CERTIFICATE
)
To be used only for minor work which does not include the provision of a new circuit
PART 3 : PART
NEXT 2INSPECTION
: PURPOSE OF OF THE
THE REPORT
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
PART
Purpose for which1this
: DETAILS OF THE CONTRACTOR, CLIENT AND INSTALLATION
report is required:
I/We, being the designer(s) of the electrical
DETAILS OF THEinstallation as documented in PART 4, RECOMMEND that this installation
CONTRACTOR DETAILS OF is further inspected and tested after an interval of not more than:DETAILS OF
THE CLIENT years/months** (delete as appropriate)
THE INSTALLATION
Registration No: Branch No: Contractor Reference Number (CRN): Occupier:
Trading Title:
PART 4 : DECLARATION FOR THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORK (this option mayName: Address:
be used where the design, construction, inspection & testing have been the responsibility of one person)
Date(s) when inspection and testing was carried out: ( ) Records available: ( ) Previous inspection report available: ( ) Previous report date: ( )
Address: Address:
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, INSPECTION & TESTING (The extent of liability of the signatories is limited to the work detailed in PART 2)
I, being thePART
person3responsible
: SUMMARY for theOF THE construction,
design, CONDITIONinspection
OF THEand
INSTALLATION
testing of the electrical installation, particulars of which are described in PART 2, having exercised reasonable skill and care when carrying out the design and
Postcode: Tel No: Postcode: Tel No: Postcode: Tel No:
additionally where this certificate applies to an addition or alteration, having confirmed that the safety of the existing installation is not impaired, hereby CERTIFY that the design, construction, inspection and testing for which I have been
responsibleGeneral
is to thecondition of knowledge
best of my the installation
and (in terms
belief of electricalwith
in accordance safety):
BS 7671: 2018, amended to (date) except for the departures, if any, detailed on attached page(s) ( ) (Regulations 120.3, 133.1.3 and 133.5).
PART 2 : DETAILS OF THE MINOR WORKS, SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS AND EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS
• Permitted exception applied (411.3.3): Yes/NA Risk assessment attached: ( ) Page No(s) ( ) • Where selectivity is required, details of the verification appended (536.4): ( ) Page No(s) ( )
Description of Minor Works*: Date completed:
Name (capitals): Signature: Date:
System type and earthing arrangements: (e.g. TN-C-S / TN-S / TT) Zs at Distribution Board / Consumer Unit supplying the final circuit: ( )Ω
REVIEWED BY QUALIFIED SUPERVISOR
Presence of adequate main protective conductors: Earthing conductor (
Estimated age of electrical installation: ( ) years ) Protective
Evidence of additions or alterations: ( bonding) conductor(s) to: Waterassessment
Overall ( )of the
Gasinstallation
( Satisfactory
)is: Oil ( /Unsatisfactory*
) Other (state) (delete as appropriate)
Name (capitals): Comments on existing installation (see Reg 644.1.2): Signature: Page No ( ) Departures Date:
from BS 7671: 2018 (Yes/No) If ‘yes’ details on Page No ( )
PART 4 : DECLARATION
*Where applicable ** The proposed date for the next inspection should take into consideration any legislative or licensing requirements and the frequency and quality of maintenance that the installation can reasonably be expected to receive during its intended life.
PART 3 : CIRCUIT
The period DETAILS
should be agreed between relevant parties.
INSPECTION AND TESTING
This certificate isI, based
beingonthe
theperson
model forms shown in Appendix
responsible 6 of BS 7671 and testing of the electrical installation, particulars of which are described in PART 7, having exercised reasonable skill and care when carrying out the inspection and testing of the
for the inspection
Circuit: Description andoperates
Ref No the NICEIC & ELECSA brands DB/CU: Ref No Location andPlease
type see the ‘Notes for Recipient’
updated to
Published by Certsure LLP Certsure LLP @ Copyright Certsure LLP (July 2018) Page 1 of
existing installation, hereby CERTIFY that the information in this report, including the observations (page 2) and the attached schedules, provides an accurate assessment of the condition of the electrical installation taking into account the
Warwick House, Houghton Hall Park, Houghton Regis, Dunstable, LU5 5ZX
Overcurrent
stated extent protection
of the installation anddevice: BS ENon the inspection and testing.
the limitations Type Rating (A) Csa of conductors: 2 Live mm cpc mm2
Name (capitals): Signature: Date:

PART 4 : TEST RESULTS FOR THE CIRCUIT ALTERED OR EXTENDED (where relevant and practicable) PART 5 : DECLARATION
TH
REVIEWED BY THE REGISTERED QUALIFIED SUPERVISOR FOR THE APPROVED CONTRACTOR
Continuity Protective conductor (R1 + R2): ( )Ω or R2: ( )Ω I CERTIFY that the work covered by this certificate does not impair the safety of the existing installation and that the
Name (capitals): Signature: work has been designed, constructed, inspected and tested Date: in accordance with BS 7671: 2018, amended to (date)
Ring final circuit (loop values) L/L: ( )Ω N/N: ( )Ω cpc/cpc: ( )Ω
and that to the best of my knowledge and belief, at the time of my inspection, complied with BS 7671: 2018
*An unsatisfactory assessment indicates that dangerous (CODE C1) and/or potentially dangerous (CODE C2) conditions have been identified in PART 6, or that Further Investigation (CODE FI) without delay is required.
L/L: ( ) MΩ L/E: ( ) MΩ Test Voltage: ( ) DC
EDITION
Insulation Resistance** except as detailed in PART 2 of this certificate.
Polarity Satisfactory: ( ) Earth fault loop impedance Zs ( )Ω
This report is based on the model forms shown in Appendix 6 of BS 7671
RCD operation
Published by Certsure LLP Certsure LLP operates the NICEIC & ELECSA brands @ Copyright Certsure LLP (July 2018) Name (capitals): Please see the ‘Notes for Recipient’
Signature: Page 1 of
Warwick House, Houghton Hall Park, Houghton Regis, Dunstable, LU5 5ZX
Rated residual operating current: ( ) mA Measured operating time: ( ) ms Position: Date:
Functional tests RCD: ( ) AFDD: ( )
BS 7671:2018
The results of the inspection and testing reviewed by the Qualified Supervisor
Test Instrument (insert appropriate serial numbers)

Multifunction: Other (state): Other (state): Name (capitals): Signature:
( ) ( ) ( ) Position: Date:
*If a permitted exception is applied in accordance with Reg 411.3.3 the risk assessment should be appended to this certificate. **Where an agreed limitation is used provide details on a separate page and append to the certificate.
PG 1-2
PG 32
USE OF THE FORMS RECOGNISED BY BS 7671
FOR CERTIFICATION AND REPORTING
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES OF APPROPRIATE USE OF THE FORMS
Type of form Examples of appropriate use
Electrical Certification of:

Installation • a new installation,
Certificate • a new circuit,
• one or more additions and/or alterations to an
existing installation (a MEIWC may be used in some
cases – see below), or
• the replacement of a consumer unit/distribution
board.
Minor Certification of:
Electrical • the modification of an existing circuit (such as by the
Installation addition of one or more lighting points, switches or
Works socket-outlets)1,
Certificate • the upgrading of existing main protective bonding,
or
• the replacement of a section of damaged cable in an
existing circuit2.
Electrical Reporting on the condition of an existing installation or

Installation part of an existing installation.
Condition
Report
1 Provided this does not involve changing the type or rating of the circuit protective device.
2 Provided the replacement cable is of the same construction and cross-sectional area.
TABLE 2 EXAMPLES OF INAPPROPRIATE USE OF FORMS

FOUND BY NICEIC AND ELECSA
Type of form Examples of inappropriate use
Electrical Reporting on the condition of an existing installation.

Installation Certifying installation work carried out by others3.
Certificate
Minor Certification of:

Electrical • a new circuit
Installation • the replacement of a consumer unit/distribution
Works board.
Certificate
Electrical Certification of:

Installation • a new installation or circuit,
Condition • an addition or alteration to an existing installation, or
Report 4 • the installation or replacement of a consumer unit.
3 This also applies to MEIWC and EICR (except in certain circumstances as described in note 4 below).
4 In certain circumstances, such as where a contractor carries out installation work then develops a
long-term illness or ceases trading due to bankruptcy before issuing an EIC or where a Building
Control Body authorises installation work to be certified to meet Part P of the Building Regula-
tions, an appropriate means of determining whether the installed work is fit to be put into service is
for another contractor to carry out inspection and testing and issue an EICR. However, the decision
to issue an EICR in lieu of an EIC must not be taken lightly, and a detailed examination of the work
beyond the scope of a periodic inspection might be required, such as exposing cables in walls and
floors to confirm they are correctly installed.

POCKET GUIDE 33
RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE
This Guide summarises some of the requirements for carrying out a risk assessment
(RA) in accordance with The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations
1999 (referred to as the Management Regulations), to give electrical contractors an
understanding of establishing a safe workplace. This Guide may also assist contractors
where they consider the risk assessment option given in the additional protection
requirements of Regulation 411.3.3 of BS 7671.
PURPOSE OF RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk is a part of everyday life, and it is probably impractical to eliminate all
risks in the workplace, but reasonably practicable measures should be taken to
combat significant risks to protect against harm to employees, visitors and, where
applicable, members of the public.
Clause 3 (Risk assessment) of the Management Regulations places a duty on every

employer (including the self-employed) to carry out a suitable and sufficient
assessment of the nature of work activities carried out in all locations under their
control, to identify hazards resulting from the activities and implement preventive and
protective measures for those hazards, to protect the health and safety of persons
in their employment, and of persons, such as the public, in and about the locations.
Paragraph 6 of clause 3 requires the significant findings arising from a RA to be

recorded where an employer employs more than five employees. However, it is
strongly recommended that the significant findings are always recorded, to provide
evidence that due care and attention has been taken to manage risks in the
workplace, whilst protecting against future liability.
Having records of past assessments will also aid future assessments, for example,
when an existing workplace activity requires reviewing (see Step 5).
Risk assessment should be carried out before work commences by a suitably
competent person having sufficient training and experience or knowledge to
identify the significant workplace hazards and select appropriate protective
measures to combat the hazards.
NATURE OF HAZARDS
The nature of hazards arising from workplace activities is varied and will depend
upon the environment and the type of work activities carried out. Examples of
significant hazards to persons working on a typical electrical installation may include
electric shock, burns, falling from height and most commonly, slips, trips and falls.
Not all hazards are obvious, for example, long-term exposure to noise, vibration,
chemicals or substances, may lead to ill health.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 33
RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE
BASIC STEPS TO RISK ASSESSMENT
The leaflet INDG163 (Risk assessment) published by the Health and Safety Executive
identifies five steps for carrying out a RA. The Table below gives a short explanation
for each step and provides examples of RA for people who carry out electrical works.
Identify the hazards

• walk around the workplace to observe the activities and
Step 1 identify what could cause harm,
• ask fellow workers for known hazards, and
• consult manufacturers’ instructions for correct use of
equipment, tools, chemicals, substances and materials.
Identify who could be harmed and how

• for each hazard identified in Step 1, identify the group of
Step 2 people liable to harm and the type of injury or ill health
that might occur, for example, people who carry out
electrical works may receive a shock and/or burns.
Evaluate the risk and select appropriate protective

measures
• decide what reasonably practicable measures will protect
Step 3 people identified in Step 2 from harm. For example,
ensure employees have adequate electrical education,
training and practical skills relating to the type of work
carried out.
Record the significant findings and implement them

1. electrical testing hazards - electric shock and/or
burns,
falling from height
2. who might be harmed - electrical workers and others
in close proximity
Step 4 3. measures - ensure persons are briefed on site safety,
competent to carry out testing and have appropriate
test meter(s) (including leads), tools, and appropriate
personal protective equipment
Note: the details of the person(s) responsible for ensuring the
selected measures are implemented should also be recorded on a
RA document
Review the risk assessment and update if necessary

(including accidents or, near misses)
• review the workplace and existing measures regularly to
consider
Step 5 • whether there have been any significant changes,
• assess any new equipment, tools and materials used by
the business and record any significant findings.
Note: always keep a risk assessment document up to date

POCKET GUIDE 34
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES RECOGNISED IN SECTION 522
This Guide lists, with a brief overview, the fifteen different external influences1
recognised by Section 5222 of BS 7671. Electrical installation designers must
consider these influences to ensure every wiring system3 will have adequate
protection for the expected in-service conditions. The intention of this Guide is to
provide persons carrying out construction, initial verification and periodic inspection
with a quick reference check list, to ensure the wiring system is appropriate to
withstand any detrimental effect at the particular location.
Regulation Group The installed wiring system at the particular

and title 4 location must:
Ambient Be suitable for the range of ambient temperatures

522.1
temperature experienced during both erection and use.
In relation to local heat sources, such as hot

External heat water systems and luminaires be mounted at an
522.2
sources appropriate distance or protected, for example, by
shielding.
Be suitable for and have an appropriate degree of

Prescence of
protection against any water exposure (including
522.3 water or high
condensation). Where required, provisions should
humitity
be made to allow moisture to escape.
Have an appropriate degree of protection against

Prescence of
the ingress of solid foreign bodies, such as
522.4 solid foreign
dust and, where required, measures to prevent
bodies
accumulation of such particulates.
Be protected to minimise degradation from any

Prescence polluting substances, including water having a
of corrosive salt content, such as in coastal locations. Where
522.5
or polluting required, be positioned to avoid contact with
substances materials liable to give rise to other conditions,
such as electrolytic action.
1 External influences are also referenced within other regulations given in BS 7671, for example,
impact and mechanical stress are mentioned in Regulation 521.9.1.
2 Section 522 (Selection and erection of wiring systems in relation to external influences).
3 A wiring system is an assembly made up of a cable or busbars and parts which secure and, if
necessary, enclose the cable or busbars (Part 2 of BS 7671 refers).
4 A number of regulation group titles in Section 522 contain external influence codes (see Appendix 5).
These codes, for clarity, are omitted from the titles in this Guide.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 34
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES RECOGNISED IN 522
Be selected and installed to minimise the

likelihood of damage during installation or use
522.6 Impact5
caused by impact, abrasion, penetration, tension
or compression.
Have appropriate supports and appropriate fixings

522.7 Vibration for the expected conditions. Cables with flexible
cores may be required.
Be protected from damage by having sufficient
numbers of appropriate supports, bends of
Other
appropriate radius, enclosures without sharp edges
522.8 mechanical
and means to permit expansion (where required).
stresses
Where buried in the structure, adequate access
points and suitable protection must be included.
Prescence of
Include measures such as suitable positioning or
522.9 flora and/or
planned maintenance.
mould growth
Be positioned, have mechanical characteristics or

Presence of additional mechanical protection sufficient to resist
522.10
fauna damage to the system by the animals expected,
for example, livestock in agricultural locations.
Solar and Be suitable for the effects of such radiation, for

522.11 ultraviolet example, by colour or be adequately shielded or
radiation positioned to resist detrimental effects.
Be suitably fixed for any likely seismic hazards.

Connections between the fixed wiring and
522.12 Seismic effects
essential equipment, such as safety services should
have adequate flexibility.
Have appropriate supports for the expected

Movement conditions. Consideration should also be given
522.13
of air to the effects of vibration and other mechanical
stresses.
Nature of
Have appropriate measures for any particular fire
processed
522.14 risks to minimise fire spread in accordance with
or stored
Section 422 and Section 527, respectively.
materials
Have appropriate supports to avoid excessive

Building stress in the event of structural movement. A
522.15
design flexible wiring system may be required where such
movement is expected.
5 Included in this group are the use of SELV or PELV and additional protection by an RCD.
These are omitted because they are not a measure against impact.

POCKET GUIDE 35
TYPICAL VALUES OF EXTERNAL
EARTH FAULT LOOP IMPEDANCE
This Guide gives information on the recommended earth fault loop impedance (Ze)
values given in the Energy Networks Association (ENA) publication Engineering
Recommendation P23/2. Guidance on Earth Fault Loop Impedance at Customers’
Intake Supply Terminals.
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS

Table 1 below, based on the guidance given in P23/2 gives details of the typical
earth fault loop impedance (Ze) which can be expected at the point of supply to a
consumer’s installation.
Table 1: Typical maximum Earth Fault Loop Impedance values for existing
connections (applicable to all distributed system earth arrangements)
Typical values of EFLI under

normal network conditions
Installation Maximum service
voltage and type capacity (A) Proportion of
installations
EFLI (Ω)
where EFLI will
occur (%)
230 V single-phase < 0.34 90

(Residential
100 < 0.64 98
premises)
> 0.64 2
150 ≤ 0.42
400 V three-phase
200 ≤ 0.31
(Large residential,
commercial and 300 ≤ 0.21 95
light industrial
premises) 400 ≤ 0.16
600 ≤ 0.10
It should be noted that DNOs are not required to provide or maintain networks
which provide a particular maximum value of EFLI.
THE VALUES GIVEN IN TABLE 1 ARE:

• Typical maximum values and the measured value of EFLI can change depending
on the network configuration due to alterations, faults, maintenance and the
effect of any embedded generation capacity.
• Applicable to all distributed system earthing arrangements. Prior to the

publication of P23/2, the ENA stated values of typical maximum Ze which varied
depending on the type of system earthing arrangement employed.
.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 35
TYPICAL VALUES OF EXTERNAL EARTH FAULT LOOP IMPEDANCE
FIG 1. TN-C-S SYSTEM (PME/PNB)
Supply Consumer’s installation
Load
P R1
Ze
Combined
N&E
R2
Source Earth
Note: Protective Neutral Bonding (PNB) is similar to PME except the neutral conductor is only
earthed at one point which is usually located closer to the customer than the transformer and
often connected at the cut-out.
FIG 2. TN-S SYSTEM
Supply Consumer’s installation
Load
P R1
Ze
E R2
Source Earth

POCKET GUIDE 36
RESPONSIBILITY FOR SERVICE POSITION EQUIPMENT
This Guide gives information on the parties responsible for the electrical equipment
found at the service position of an electrical installation, based on the information
given in the Guidance for Service Termination Issue Reporting issued in January
2018 to accompany the Meter Operation Code of Practice Agreement (MOCOPA).
The intention of this Guide is to provide electrical installation contractors (contractors

for short) with an understanding of which parts of the equipment at the service
position are the responsibility of the Distribution Business (DB), which parts are the
responsibility of the Supplier and which parts are the responsibility of the person
ordering the work (typically the customer), and what action to take where a defect to
the equipment is identified. Fig 1 illustrates, in accordance with the MOCOPA, the
boundaries of responsibility for a typical service position where the supply is TN-C-S
(similar responsibilities apply to TT systems).
There are a number of companies known as Meter Operators which also operate
in the electricity supply chain; however, they are not a party having responsibilities
for equipment. Meter Operators install and maintain metering equipment under
agreement, generally with the Supplier.
FIG 1. RESPONSIBILITY FOR EQUIPMENT AT THE SERVICE POSITION

(REPRODUCED FROM THE MOCOPA)
6 10
6789
345 10
12 1
24
7
12
22 23
13 14
21
15
0
2 16
17 18 19
4
9
5
PWR
MAIN
HAN
SWITCH
WAN
8
2 MET 11
3
12
1
DB equipment Supplier equipment Customer equipment

1 Service cable 4 Meter tails (cut-out to meter 8 Meter tails (between the meter/timeswitch
and meter to timeswitch) and the Customer equipment)
2 Cut-out (or main
or DB fuse) 5 Communications hub if fitted 9 Customer isolating switch (if fitted/requested)
(may be within the meter)
3 DB earth terminal 10 Customer consumer unit
6 Meter
11 Customer earthing conductor
7 Timeswitch (if fitted) (and earth block if fitted)
12 Meter board (and external meter box if fitted)
MOCOPA was issued on 1st July 2013 with the primary purpose to provide meter
operatives with guidance on what action to take where a defect is identified in the
distributor’s equipment at the service position and to provide an efficient process
for meter operatives to report the defect (using a system of codes) to the particular
distributor.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 36
RESPONSIBILITY OF SERVICE POSITION EQUIPMENT
Fig 1 does not detail all the possible scenarios for equipment at the service position
and it is not a wiring diagram for an installation. However, MOCOPA will be of use to
contractors and others working in the electrical industry as it clarifies the boundaries
of responsibility. From Fig 1, contractors should recognise that a potential for
change in responsibility exists for part of the earthing system (conductor and earth
block) where the supply is TN-S, such as where the Distribution Business originally
connected the means of earthing, for the customer’s use, to the lead sheath by
soldering or using a clamp. In cases where this connection is found to present an
immediate risk of danger, Asset Condition Code A10 of the MOCOPA places the
responsibility on the Distribution Business (rather than the customer) to repair/
maintain any defects. In such cases, it is likely that the Distribution Business will install
a consumer earth bond clamp (often referred to as a Hepworth clamp). See Fig 2.
FIG 2. EXAMPLE OF AN INDUSTRY APPROVED CONSUMER EARTH

BOND (HEPWORTH) CLAMP WITH THE CUSTOMER’S EARTHING
CONDUCTOR CONNECTED.
100A FUSE
DO
SAFE
NO RTH
TY EL
EA
T RE
ECTR
MO
VE
ICA
L
AL
T TH RIC
E
NO EAR ECT
OV
M
EL
RE
TY
FE
SA
For illustration purposes only,

DO
manufacturer’s instructions
must be followed
Generally the customer, as they are the account holder, reports the defect to
their Supplier quoting their reference number. Alternatively, the person ordering
the work would be responsible for contacting the relevant party to report any
recorded defects.
Because MOCOPA advises on a reporting process for meter operatives, where
contractors as part of an initial inspection or a periodic inspection identify a defect
in the Distribution Business or Suppliers’ equipment at the service position, for
example, the cut-out is damaged, that defect should be recorded on the relevant
certificate or report, and the contractor should inform the customer (owner or user
of the installation).

POCKET GUIDE 37
COMMONLY USED STANDARDS
This Guide lists1 the standard number for some of the British Standards and adopted
European Harmonised Standards commonly used in the electrical industry, and may
assist electrical contractors when recording standard numbers on certificates and
reports or identifying and/or verifying items of equipment.
The full titles relating to the standards given in this Guide are omitted and replaced
with a simplified ‘Related to’ reference. Some standards have been withdrawn; however,
they are included because their associated equipment may still be found in-service.
Standard Related to
BS 67 Ceiling roses
BS 88 (series) and
Cartridge fuses (typically called HRC fuses)
BS EN 60269 (series)
BS 546 Socket-outlets having round pin (typically used for lighting)
BS 842 Voltage-operated earth-leakage circuit-breakers
BS 951 Clamps for earthing and bonding

Cartridge fuses (typically used in domestic and
BS 1361 (withdrawn)
similar consumer units)
BS 1362 Cartridge fuses (primarily for use in plugs)

BS 1363 (series) Socket-outlets, connection units, plugs and adaptors
BS 3036 Semi-enclosed fuses (rewireable)
BS 3535 (withdrawn) Safety isolating transformers
Circuit-breakers (First generation of circuit-breaker
BS 3871 (withdrawn) introduced in 1965, and typically identified by ‘type
numbers’ 1 - 4)
BS 4177 Cooker control units
Residual current operated circuit-breakers (First
BS 4293 (withdrawn) generation of RCD introduced in 1983 to replace
current operated earth-leakage circuit-breakers)
BS 4573 Shaver sockets and associated plugs
BS 5266 (series) Emergency lighting systems
BS 5467 Armoured cables having thermosetting insulation
1A comprehensive list is given in Appendix 1 of BS 7671
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 37
COMMONLY USED STANDARDS
BS 5486 (withdrawn) Low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies

BS 5839 (series) Fire detection and fire alarm systems
Non-armoured cables having PVC insulation and
BS 6004
PVC insulation and sheath
Armoured cables having thermosetting insulation
BS 6724
with LSF emission
Non-armoured cables having thermosetting
BS 7211
insulation with LSF emission
Electricity distribution systems on construction and
BS 7375
building sites
BS 7430 Earthing of electrical installations
Armoured fire-resistant cables having thermosetting
BS 7846
insulation
Screened cables having LSF emission for use in
BS 8436
walls, partitions and voids
Fire safety in the design, management and use of
BS 9991
residential buildings. Code of practice
BS 9999 Fire safety (design and management)
BS EN 50085 (series) Cable trunking and cable ducting systems
BS EN 60309 (series) Socket-outlets, plugs and couplers for industrial use
Low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
(withdrawn)
BS EN 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP codes)
BS EN 60598 (series) Luminaires
BS EN 60702 (series) Mineral insulated cables
Circuit-breakers (Second generation of circuit-

BS EN 60898 (series) breaker introduced in 1991, and typically identified
by ‘type letters’ B – D)
Low voltage switchgear and controlgear, including

disconnectors
Residual current operated circuit-breakers not having

BS EN 61008-1 overcurrent protection (Second generation of RCD
introduced in 1995)
Residual current operated circuit-breakers having
BS EN 61009-1
overcurrent protection
Conduit systems (including flexible, rigid, pliable

and underground)
Low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
(Part 3 of this series is related to distribution boards
intended for operation by ordinary persons - also
known as consumer units)
BS EN 61558 (series) Transformers (including shaver supply units)

POCKET GUIDE 38
DOMESTIC VENTILATION SYSTEMS
SYSTEM TYPES
System 1 System 2
Background ventilators and Passive stack ventilation
intermittent extract fans
System 3 System 4
Continuous mechanical Continuous mechanical
extract supply and extract with
heat recovery
For further information –

ENGLAND & WALES
• Approved Document F (Ventilation)
• Domestic Ventilation Compliance Guide
SCOTLAND
• Technical Handbook – Domestic
• Building Standards Supporting Guidance Domestic Ventilation 2nd Edition
NORTHERN IRELAND
• Technical Booklet K (Ventilation)
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 38
DOMESTIC VENTILATION SYSTEMS
NEW DWELLINGS
TABLE 1 EXTRACT VENTILATION RATES
Intermittent extract Continuous extract

Room
Minimum
Minimum rate Minimum low rate
high rate
30 l/s adjacent
Kitchen to hob; or 60 I/s 13 l/s
elsewhere
Total extract rate
Utilty room 30 l/s 8 l/s
should be at least
the whole dwelling
ventilation rate
Bathroom 15 l/s 8 l/s given in Table 2
Sanitary
6 l/s* 6 l/s
accomodation
*Note: In Scotland, 3 air changes/hour
TABLE 2 WHOLE DWELLING VENTILATION RATES
Number of bedrooms in dwelling

1 2 3 4 5
Whole dwelling ventilation rate a. b. (l/s) 13 17 21 25 29
Notes:
a. In addition, the minimum ventilation rate should be not less than 0.3 l/s per m2 of internal floor
area. (This includes all floors, e.g. for a two-storey building add the ground and first floor areas.)
b. This is based on two occupants in the main bedroom and a single occupant in all other
bedrooms. This should be used as the default value. If a greater level of occupancy is expected
add 4 l/s per occupant.
Notification of work
In most cases where it is proposed to carry out notifiable ventilation work on a
building it will be necessary to notify the work to a Building Control Body (BCB)
in advance. This notification would usually be by way of a full plans application or
a building notice given to a local authority, or an initial notice given jointly with
the approved inspector. Alternatively work can be notified through the NICEIC
Ventilation Competent Persons Scheme. s
All fixed mechanical ventilation systems, where they can be tested and adjusted,
shall be commissioned and a commissioning notice given to the BCB. For
mechanical ventilation systems installed in new dwellings, air rates shall be
measured on site and a notice given to the BCB. This shall apply to intermittently-
used extract fans and cooker hoods, as well as continuously running systems.
The owner shall be given sufficient information about the ventilation system and
its maintenance requirements so that the ventilation system can be operated to
provide adequate air flow.

POCKET GUIDE 39
APPROVED DOCUMENT F TO THE BUILDING
REGULATIONS (England & Wales 2010)
This Guide provides a quick reference to whether ventilation system work needs
to be notified to a Building Control Body (BCB) in accordance with the Building
Regulations 2010 for England and Wales. A company registered with a ventilation
self-certification scheme, such as those operated by NICEIC, is not required to
notify a BCB prior to carrying out ‘notifiable work’. However, the registered business
must notify their relevant registration body following completion of the notifiable
work so that a copy of the Building Regulations compliance certificate will be issued
to the occupier, and so that the certificate (or a copy of the information on it) will
be issued to the BCB.
APPLICATION OF PART F
In England and Wales, Part F of the Building Regulations applies to fixed systems for
mechanical ventilation and includes a number of different system types:
Commisioning
Work Related to
Notice*
Emergency repairs to ventilation system
No Yes
(no changes made to ventilation system)
Note: In such cases it will be necessary for the work to comply with the relevant requirements and
to give a notice to the BCB at the earliest opportunity
Emergency repairs to ventilation system

Yes Yes
(changes made to ventilation system)
Note: In such cases it will be necessary for the work to comply with the relevant requirements
and to give a notice to the BCB at the earliest opportunity, unless an installer registered under an
appropriate competent person scheme carries out the work
Planned replacement of a ventilation

No Yes
system on a like-for-like basis
Note: Assuming existing cabling is used
Minor Works No Yes

Note: Such as replacement of parts or unit on a like-for-like basis (using existing cabling), or the
addition of an output or control device where testing and adjusting is not possible or would not
affect the system’s energy efficiency
* A commissioning notice is always required where testing and adjustment must be carried
out to ensure the system operates efficiently.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 39
APPROVED DOCUMENT F TO THE BUILDING REGULATIONS
(England & Wales 2010)
Commisioning
Work Related to
Notice*
System 1 installation (no open flued
No Yes
combustion appliance installed)
Note: Provision of a self-contained mechanical ventilation appliance provided that any
electrical work is exempt from a requirement to give advance notice to a BCB, and testing
and adjustment is not possible or would not affect its energy efficiency, and the appliance is
not installed in a room containing an open flued combustion appliance. Examples might be a
cooker hood, a bathroom extract fan or a room air-conditioning unit, which cannot be adjusted
from their factory settings.
System 1 installation (open flued

Yes Yes
combustion appliance installed)
Note: Examples might be a cooker hood that extracts to outside, a bathroom extract fan etc.
System 2 installation Yes Yes

Note: Passive Stack Ventilation (PSV)
Note: Continuous mechanical extract
Note: Continuous mechanical supply and extract with heat recovery
* A commissioning notice is always required where testing and adjustment must be carried
out to ensure the system operates efficiently.

POCKET GUIDE 40
PROTECTIVE EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING OF METALLIC
GAS INSTALLATION PIPEWORK IN DOMESTIC PREMISES
This Pocket Guide provides guidance on the acceptable location for the connection
of a protective equipotential bonding (PEB) conductor to metallic gas pipework
installed in domestic premises. A protective bonding conductor is not required
where the gas pipe is not an extraneous-conductive-part; that is where the
incoming gas pipe is non-metallic (411.3.1.2 refers).
The requirements of BS 7671 are also stipulated to gas engineers via Gas Safe
Register’s Technical Bulletin (TB) 102 ‘Location of protective equipotential bonding
on gas installation pipework in domestic premises’.
BS 7671, REGULATION 544.1.2

“The main protective bonding connection to any extraneous-conductive-part
such as gas, water or other metallic pipework or services shall be made as
near as practicable to the point of entry of that part into the premises. Where
there is a meter, isolation point or union, the connection shall be made to
the consumer’s hard metal pipework and before any branch pipework. Where
practicable the connection shall be made within 600 mm of the meter outlet
union or at the point of entry to the building if the meter is external.”
The requirements of BS 7671 are also expressed in British Standards used by gas
engineers, for example BS 6891 (for gas pipework not exceeding 35 mm (R11/4)
BS 6891, CLAUSE 8.4.3.1

“A gas installation within a property with an electrical supply shall have a main
protective bonding conductor connecting the pipework to the electrical
installation’s main earth terminal, as specified in BS 7671.”
Given the above, PEB should be connected to metallic pipework and specifically,
to gas pipework as follows:
Internal gas meter (for example, under the stairs)
• preferably within 600 mm of the outlet union of the meter; and
• before any branch (tee) in the pipework.
External gas meter or enclosure (within a meter box)
• preferably within 600 mm of the pipework entering the property, or
• within the meter box, provided that the box’s integrity and that of any sleeve (for
example, its ability to prohibit the passage of gas either into the property or the
wall cavity) is maintained (see overleaf); and
• before any branch in the pipework.
BS 7671: 2018 Requirements for electrical installations. IET Wiring Regulations Eighteenth Edition.
BS 6891: 2015 Specification for the installation and maintenance of low pressure gas installation
pipework of up to 35 mm (R11/4) on premises.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 40
PROTECTIVE EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING OF METALLIC GAS
INSTALLATION PIPEWORK IN DOMESTIC PREMISES
SLEEVES FOR GAS PIPEWORK
Low-pressure gas meter installations ONLY (≤ 75 mbar) can utilise a rear exit sleeve
of a meter box for routing the gas pipework into the property (surface mounted and
semi-concealed meter box - see illustrations below).
Where this arrangement is encountered, the exit sleeve can also be used for routing
the PEB conductor. The sleeve must be sealed within the box (one end only) with
non-setting fire resisting compound, ensuring the annulus around the pipe and the
PEB is completely sealed.
Installation pipework and therefore, PEB from medium-pressure (MP) fed meter
installations (> 75 mbar ≤ 2 bar) is prohibited from entering a property via a rear exit
meter box sleeve. In this scenario, the installation pipework must exit the base of
the box externally before entering the property via a sleeve (not shown). This sleeve
may also be used for routing of the PEB.
Surface mounted meter box

(wall plate shown only)
Non-setting,
Rear knock-out
fireproof
NOT permitted
compound
to be used
PEB connection
within meter box
Meter outlet
ECV
External Medium-Pressure External Low-Pressure

Meter Installation Meter Installation
Acceptable PEB
connection within
meter box
Preferred PEB
connection
within 600 mm
of entering property

POCKET GUIDE 41
IDENTIFICATION OF EXTRANEOUS-CONDUCTIVE-PARTS
This guide gives information on identification of extraneous-conductive-parts and
whether or not they need to be bonded.
WHAT IS AN EXTRANEOUS-CONDUCTIVE-PART?
BS 7671: 2018* defines an extraneous-conductive-part as -
A conductive part liable to introduce a potential, generally Earth potential,

and not forming part of the electrical installation.
WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS OF BS 7671?
Where the protective measure automatic disconnection of supply (ADS) is applied,

Regulation 411.3.1.2 requires that in each installation main protective bonding
conductors complying with Chapter 54 shall connect to the main earthing terminal
(MET) extraneous-conductive-parts including the following:
i. water installation pipes,
ii. gas installation pipes,
iii. other installation pipework and ducting,
iv. central heating and air conditioning systems,
v. exposed metallic structural parts of the building.
Installation and/or service pipework entering a building that is wholly

non-metallic or metallic pipework with an insulating section/fitting at the point of
entry (as illustrated below) should not be connected to the protective equipotential
bonding (see also Items not considered to be extraneous-conductive-parts on the
reverse of this Guide). Refer to 411.3.1.2 for the full requirement.
1. Pliable connector (generally referred to as

1 an ‘Anaconda’ within the gas industry)
2. Proprietary emergency control valve (ECV)
incorporating electrical insulation
(the red band below the ECV)
3. Standard ECV
3
2
4. Steel fitting incorporating electrical insulation
4
5. Steel gas service with applied corrosion protection
5 (other forms of corrosion protection to that shown
and which are not visible may also be utilised)
*BS 7671: 2018 Requirements for electrical installations. IET Wiring Regulations Eighteenth Edition.
updated to
TH
EDITION
BS 7671:2018
PG 1-2
PG 41
IDENTIFICATION OF EXTRANEOUS-CONDUCTIVE-PARTS
CAUTION: Insulated fittings (couplings) used on metallic pipework, particularly

older designs, may be difficult to identify (without appropriate tagging or marking).
Where doubt exists, bond pipework to the MET of the installation.
ITEMS NOT CONSIDERED TO BE EXTRANEOUS-CONDUCTIVE-PARTS

Normally metallic items such as suspended ceilings and floors, are insulated from
Earth and are therefore deemed to be isolated metalwork and not extraneous-
conductive-parts. Similarly, an external component such as a metal staircase may
be fixed to the building structure but, owing to the manner of fixing, it may be
considered to be isolated metalwork, where not directly connected to the building
lightning protection system.
Even an apparently extraneous-conductive-part that is not readily accessible to

touch would not require bonding. For example, where ‘earthy’ metallic pipework is
enclosed by insulating material (boxed in).
Internal structures such as filing cabinets, racking systems, and metallic tables and
work surfaces – such as those found in commercial kitchens – and similar items do
not normally require bonding.
DETERMINING AN EXTRANEOUS-CONDUCTIVE-PART BY MEASUREMENT

Where there is doubt as to whether Earth potential is liable to be introduced by
a conductive part that is connected to the general mass of Earth, a continuity
measurement should be made of the resistance between the conductive part
(Rcp) and the MET of the installation, this will give an indication of whether or
not something constitutes an extraneous-conductive-part; it may be necessary to
remove any parallel earth paths to be able to measure the conductive part.
The measured resistance (excluding body resistance) is then inserted into the
following formula to determine if the conductive part is an extraneous-conductive-
part:
Rcp > Uo
Ib
Where
Rcp is the resistance between the conductive part concerned and the MET of
the installation in ohms (Ω).
Uo is the nominal voltage to Earth of the installation in volts.
Ib is the value of current through the human body (or livestock) which should
not be exceeded in amperes (when protected by an RCD have a rated
residual operating current not exceeding 30 mA).
Example: For a 230 V (50 Hz) supply, an item would not be considered an
extraneous-conductive-part where Rcp is not less than 7.67 kΩ as shown:
230 = 7.67 kΩ
0.030


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POCKET GUIDE1-2

GUIDE TO SITING EQUIPMENT IN A LOCATION

The space underneath the bath is 0.6 m

230 V wall mounted plate switch

Note 1 Prohibited within a distance of 3 m horizontally from the boundary of zone 1

• Equipment installed in zones 1 and 2 must have

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The colour of the circuit protective conductor remains green-and-yellow.

* Where triple-and-earth cable is used in a single-phase installation:

(4) Except where there is no possibility of confusion, unambiguous marking needs

(5) Except where identification is not required, cores of cables should be

FIXED WIRING SINGLE-PHASE

Great care should be taken before

A warning label is required

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Old Harmonized An example of colour core

The colour of the circuit protective conductor remains green-and-yellow.

(4) Except where there is no possibility of confusion, unambiguous marking needs

(5) Cores of cables should be identified by colour and/or lettering and/or

(6) Another alternative arrangement of marking connections between existing and

FIXED WIRING THREE-PHASE CABLE COLOUR CHANGES

Examples of an extension or alteration to an existing

New wiring in harmonized colours

A warning label is required

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Step 1 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF

Check it is safe and acceptable (with the occupier/ OFF OFF

user) to isolate. If the isolator is an off-load device,

the circuit(s) to be isolated and secure the isolating

there is no dangerous voltage present on any

circuit conductor to be worked on. It is important

example, due to a wiring fault. Check terminal

ISOLATION PROCEDURE - Notes

In practice the equipment being worked

When checking for a voltage between

(5) Guidance on voltage detection instruments is given in HSE Guidance Note

(6) The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 require precautions to be taken

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(3) Section 8 of Approved Document M, which applies to new dwellings, includes

(4) A way of satisfying the above objective, as suggested in Approved Document M,

(5) Additionally, the mounting height of wall-mounted socket-outlets and other

Outlets, switches and controls should

Currently (2018) the requirements of the Building Regulations for electrical

MOUNTING HEIGHTS OF ELECTRICAL

(7) If a dwelling is rewired there is no requirement to provide the measures

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EXAMPLES OF NOTIFIABLE WORK

Anywhere in a dwelling or its surroundings:

Within a kitchen3 or special location4:

Within a special location4:

PART P NOTIFIABLE OR NOT - WALES

EXAMPLES OF NON-NOTIFIABLE WORK

• installing prefabricated ‘modular’ wiring systems5

Footnotes for both NOTIFIABLE WORK (see overleaf)

2. Extra-low voltage is defined in BS 7671 as ‘normally not exceeding 50 V AC

3. A kitchen is defined in The Building (Amendment) (No.3) Regulations 2004

4. ‘Special locations’ include locations containing a bath, shower, swimming

5. The installation of prefabricated ‘modular’ systems (for example kitchen

POCKET GUIDE1-2