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Research Technical Terms

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42 views69 pages

Research Technical Terms

Uploaded by

wolfgangvongoethe1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESEARCH TECHNICAL

TERMS
RESEARCH
Research is a process of systematic inquiry
that entails collection of data;
documentation of critical information; and
analysis and
interpretation of that data/information, in
accordance with suitable methodologies set
by specific professional fields and academic
disciplines
RESEARCH
Research is conducted to evaluate the
validity of a hypothesis or an interpretive
framework; to assemble a body of
substantive
knowledge and findings for sharing them in
appropriate manners; and to generate
questions for further inquiries
abstract
A brief
overview of a
research study
Applied research
conducted to
generate knowledge
that influences or
improves practice
basic research
Research that tests
theories
basic research
Research that tests
theories
Conceptual definition
A variable, such as
anxiety, may be
defined as a feeling
of uneasiness
Concepts
The building blocks
of theories
constitutive definition
The basic,
dictionary meaning
constitutive definition
The basic,
dictionary meaning
Control group
In experiments, the
one that does not
get the treatment
Correlational study
A type of research design
that depicts a relationship
between variables, but not
necessarily one
of cause -effect
data
Information used as a
basis for reasoning,
discussion, or
calculation
Delimitations
It addresses how the
study will be narrowed
in scope
Dependent variable
The concept that the
researcher is most
interested in
understanding
Descriptive study
Research design that
describes “what is” e.g.
a survey
experiment
A research design used
to find “cause-effect”
relationships the “effect
of…on…”
Experimental Group
The one that gets the
treatment
External validity
How generalizable the
results are as it
concerns other
populations and
locations
extraneous
Variables that may
influence or
contaminate the data
heterogeneous
Groups under study
are very different or
varied.
homogeneous
Groups that are very
similar
Independent variable
The concept being
studied that usually
indicates the influence or
cause; the one that the
researcher is
hypothesis
A statement written by
the researcher that
states the relationship
among or between
variables
Inductive Reasoning
The basis for the
qualitative research
approach
Deductive Reasoning
Depends on premises and
is the basis for the
quantitative research
approach
Internal validity
The extent to which a
study measures what it is
supposed to measure
(accuracy within a study)
Introduction
Establishes the scope,
context and significance
of the research to be
conducted.
Limitations
identify potential
weaknesses of the study.
Measures of central
tendency
Averages e.g. the mean)
mean

The arithmetic average


median
The middle where half
the scores fall above,
half below, eliminates the
influence of outliers
Methodology
Systematic approach to the
conduct of a process. It includes
steps of procedure, application
of
techniques, systems of analysis,
and the modes of inquiry
employed by a discipline.
mode
The score that occurs the most
Null Hypothesis
The proposition, to be tested statistically, that
the experimental intervention has "no effect,"
meaning that the treatment and control
groups will not differ as a result of the
intervention.
Investigators usually hope that the data will
demonstrate some effect from the
intervention, thus
allowing the investigator to reject the null
Null Hypothesis
The proposition, to be tested statistically, that
the experimental intervention has "no effect,"
meaning that the treatment and control
groups will not differ as a result of the
intervention.
Investigators usually hope that the data will
demonstrate some effect from the
intervention, thus
allowing the investigator to reject the null
Operational definition
How a term is used in a
study
Participant
Also called respondents,
their characteristics and
responses are the object
of study in research
Principle investigator
The person who
oversees a research
population
the target group under
investigation. The
population is the entire set
under consideration.
Samples are drawn from
Purpose of the study
specific research aims and
objectives for the
research.
random
By chance
Qualitative Research
Trying to verify or
generate descriptive
theory that is grounded in
the data gleaned from the
investigation (naturalistic).
Quantitative Research
Answer a specific research
question by showing
statistical evidence that the
data may be
addressed in a particular
Questionnaire
Structured sets of
questions on specified
subjects that are used to
gather information.
Random sample
Everybody has the same
chance of being assigned
to any group.
Research
A systematic, objective
way to generate facts
Research design
The method for finding
out what the researcher
wants to know,
experiment, and
correlate…
Research Methodology
The method of research
design (paradigm as well as
statistics and analysis) as
well as the
approximate timeline for
completion of the study.
Relationship
The bond or connection
between two variables
sample
A smaller group that
represents population of
interest
Significance of the Study
It is written as part of the
introduction section of a thesis. It
provides details to the reader on
how the study will contribute such
as what the study will contribute
and who will benefit from it.
Standard deviation
A measure of spread; the
average deviation of a
group of scores from the
mean
Statement of the problem
Part of the introduction
which enumerates the
research questions which the
study sought to
answer.
Statistical Analysis
Application of statistical
processes and theory to the
compilation, presentation,
discussion, and
interpretation of numerical
data.
Statistical significance
An important finding that
did not likely happen by
chance
Statistics
Mathematical tools based
on the normal curve used to
analyze data; it must match
with
research designs
T-score
A standard score on the normal
curve where the mean is
assigned “50” deviations of “10”.
Allows more simple
interpretation of student
achievement
subject
The people who are being
studied
T-test
A parametric statistical tool that
compares differences between
the means of two groups:
assumptions for use include
normal distribution and at least
interval data
theory
A parametric statistical tool that
compares differences between
the means of two groups:
assumptions for use include
normal distribution and at least
interval data
validity
Accuracy, the extent to which a
test or study measures what it
is supposed to measure
variable
A quality of interest or
concepts that can be
manipulated, observed or
studied
Activity 1:
What’s the
Term?
Direction: Distinguish
the research terms
being asked in each
item.
1. The people who are being studied in a research
2. Accuracy, the extent to which a test or study
measures what it is supposed to measure
3. Everybody has the same chance of being
assigned to any group.
4. A measure of spread; the average deviation of a
group of scores from the mean
5. Mathematical tools based on the normal curve
used to analyze data
6. An important finding that did not likely happen by
chance
7. The method for finding out what the researcher
wants to know, experiment, or correlate.
8. A quality of interest that can be manipulated,
observed or studied
9. A smaller group that represents population of
interest
10. Uses data that has numerical representation or
well done!
Thank you for participating.

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