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Financial Analysis
Financial analysis +
purposes :

Definition : the selection of financial data and pertinent information .

evaluation
interpreation
to as sit in investment decision -

making
financial decision making .

Purposes :
internally performance
credit policy
efficiency of Operation
externally potential investment
creditworthiness .

Source
of financial data used in financial analysis

FS data :
provided by company in their 131s

annual report
required disclose
-
Market data
Economic data such as GDP
G- NP
available from gov
private source .

current events .

Financial ratio

Definition mathematical relating to

: one quantity and another .

Classify by construction coverage : ratio company ability

's

satisfy obligation
return ratio net benefit
turn over ratio gross benefit
company percentage ratio

component of item → item .

-
6 aspects of operating performance and financial ratio :
+>
liquidity ratio Cormany 's ability
short term obligations
-

+>
Profitability ratio amount of income

from each dollar of sale

+>
Activity ratio ability to manage efficiently
resources

+> Financial leverage ratio fixed financing obligation

ability to satisfy financing obligations
+> Shareholder ratio financial condition
amount per share of stock .

+> ROI ratio amount of profit .

Financial statements .

Main financial statement : Balance sheet

Income statement
cash flow statement
statement of shareholders equity '
.

Balance sheet
Detailed information about a company's assets liabilities and shareholders equity
'

, .

+> Assets
things that company owns have value ( can be sold or used to make products
, ,

provide services that can be sold .

include physical property

things that can't be touched but nevertheless exist and have value
Listed based on how quickly they will be converted into cash current asset < ly
non -
current asset > ly

fixed asset : notfor sale .

+> Liabilities amount of money a company owes to others

include all kind of obligations ( even obligations to provide goods or services

to customer in the future )

Listed based on their due date current < ly

longterm > ly

t> Shareholder's equity (capital or net worth ) : the money would be left if the company paid off all
liabilities

Income statement
-
The report shows how much revenue a company earned over a
specific time period .

Show the costs and expenses associated with

earning that revenue
-

Report earning per share ( how much money would shareholders receive?
- An income statement include:

Total amount of Money doesn't

expected to company's > Operating Depreciation > Operating
in collect on certain profit
money brought sales
net revenue expense

Net <
Interest
profit loss income

Earning per share [ EPS)

Calculation that tells you how much money shareholders would receive for each share of stock
they own
calculate = net income
outstanding shares
cash flow statements
-

Report inflows and out flows of cash

-
Show changes overtime rather than absolute dollar amount at a point
-
Show the net increase or decrease in cash for the period .

Operating activities analyze a

company 's cash flow from net income or losses reconciles the net
income to actual cash the company used in its operating activities .
Investing activities shows the cash flows from all investing activities , which generally include
purchases or sales of long-term assets .

Financing activities shows the cash flowsfrom all financing activities .

Typical source of cash flows
include cash raised by selling stocks and bonds or borrowing .