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Analysis II
1.
Let E, F be Banach spaces and fn ∈ C 0 (U, F ), U ⊂ E a sequence of functions, with:
∀ε > 0 ∃N ∈ N ∀n, m > N : kfn − fm k∞ < ε, kgk∞ := sup kg(x)kF . x∈U 0 Show, that there is some f ∈ C (U, F ), such that fn converges uniformly to f . Is C 0 (U, F ) a Banach space? If not, what other conditions do we need to set? Give a thorough explanation! (5+2 Points)
2. (x − π)2 Calculate the Fourier series of f (x) ≡ , x ∈ [0, 2π]. Show, that each member 4 of the Fourier series can be differentiated separately on each interval [δ, 2π − δ], δ > 0. From this also show that
π − x X sin(kx) = , x ∈ [0, 2π] . 2 k≥1 k
P 1 Show, that π 4 = 90 4 . k≥1 k (3+2+3+2 Points)
3.
Let V be a real vector space, with dim(V ) < ∞. Also, let h·, ·i be an inner product on V and kxk2 = hx, xi its norm. Let T be a self-adjoint endomorphism of V and f (x) ≡ hx, T xi for x ∈ V . Calculate Df (x), D2 f (x) and ∇f (x) for x ∈ V . (Hint: The gradient of f is defined by h∇f (x), ·i = Df (x) )
Let S ≡ {x ∈ V | kxk = 1} be the unit sphere in V . Show, that there exists some x ∈ S with f (x) = sup{f (y) | y ∈ S} and each such x is a unit vector of T . (3+1+3 Points) 4.
Illustrate the function f (x) = 3x2 y − y 3 in a neighbourhood around its zero using a topographical map with contour lines. How is this map different from one of a function g ∈ C ∞ (R2 , R), g(0) = 0, Dg(0) = 0, where the hessian matrix D2 f (0) has two eigenvalues λ1 > 0, λ2 < 0? Why is f called a Monkey Saddle? (3+2+(1) Points)
7.
Let f : R2 → R2 be given by f (x, y) = (x2 − y 2 , 2xy). Find the set M of all points, in which f is locally invertible. Does f : M → f (M ) have a (global) inverse function? (3+1 Points) 8.
Let f ∈ C 1 (Rn , Rn ), with kDf (x)k ≤ c < 1 for x ∈ Rn . Let g(x) = x + f (x). Show, that g : Rn → Rn is surjective. (8 Points)
9.
Show, that y 2 + xz + z 2 − exz = 1 can be solved for z as a function of (x, y) in a
neighbourhood of the point (0, −1, 1) . Calculate the partial derivatives of z(x, y) in (0, −1). (7 Points)
10.
Let f (x, y, z) = cosh(x − 5) tan(y) + arctan(z 2 ). Calculate its Taylor polynomial of
the third degree around (5, 0, 0). (7 Points)
11.
Calculate the stationary points of f (x) = x1 + ... + xn on the set S = {x ∈
Rn | x1 · · · xn = 1, xi > 0} and determine the type of the stationary points. From this deduce the GM-AM inequality n 1X 1 yj ≥ (y1 · · · yn ) n , yi > 0 . n j=1
(4+3 Points)
12. Pn Let A ∈ M (n × n; R) be a positive definite symmetric matrix and hx, yi = xi yi the i=1 standard inner product on Rn . Calculate Rn e−hx,Axi dx as a function of A’s eigen- R
values / determinant. (11 Points) 13.
The axes of two circular cylinders of the same radius intersect in a right angle. Cal- culate the volume of the two cylinder’s intersection. R Calculate the integral A xy dxdy, where A is the set being enclosed by the parabola y = x2 und the linear function y = x + 2. (4+4 Points)
