PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS ON MATRICES
PROPERTIES OF MATRIX If 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrices and
ADDITION AND SCALAR 𝑘, 𝑙 are scalars, then the following
MULTIPLICATION properties hold.
1. 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝐵 + 𝐴
Commutative property
2. 𝐴 + (𝐵 + 𝐶) = (𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝐶
Associative property
3. (𝑘𝑙)𝐴 = 𝑘(𝑙𝐴)
4. 𝑘(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝑘𝐴 + 𝑘𝐵
Distributive property
5. (𝑘 + 𝑙)𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴 + 𝑙𝐴
Distributive property
PROPERTIES OF ZERO MATRIX For a matrix 𝐴 of size 𝑚 × 𝑛 and 𝑘
any scalars, the following properties
are true.
1. 𝐴 + 𝑂𝑚×𝑛 = 𝐴
2. 𝐴 + (−𝐴) = 𝐴 − 𝐴 = 𝑂𝑚×𝑛
3. If 𝑘𝐴 = 𝑂𝑚×𝑛 ,then either 𝑘 = 0
or 𝐴 = 𝑂𝑚×𝑛
4. 𝐴𝑂𝑛×𝑠 = 𝑂𝑚×𝑠 and 𝑂𝑠×𝑚 𝐴 = 𝑂𝑠×𝑛
PROPERTIES OF MATRIX If 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are matrices with sizes
MULTIPLICATION such that matrix multiplication is
defined and 𝑘 is a scalar, then the
following properties are true.
1. 𝐴(𝐵𝐶) = (𝐴𝐵)𝐶
2. 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶
3. (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶
4. 𝑘(𝐴𝐵) = (𝑘𝐴)𝐵 = 𝐴(𝑘𝐵)
5. If 𝐴 is an 𝑛 × 𝑛 the
𝐴𝑟 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 … 𝐴, (r times), r is
positive integer.
YUZAIMI YUNUS – MAT406
PROPERTIES OF IDENTITY If 𝐴 is an 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix, then the
MATRIX following properties are true.
1. 𝐴𝐼𝑛 = 𝐴
2. 𝐼𝑚 𝐴 = 𝐴
If 𝐴 is an n × 𝑛 matrix, then
𝐴𝐼𝑛 = 𝐼𝑛 𝐴 = 𝐴
PROPERTIES OF THE If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are matrices with sizes
TRANSPOSE OF A MATRIX such that matrix multiplication is
defined and 𝑘 is a scalar, then the
following properties are true.
6. (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴
7. (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇
8. (𝑘𝐴)𝑇 = 𝑘(𝐴)𝑇
9. (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵𝑇 𝐴𝑇
10. 𝐴𝐴𝑇 and 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 are
symmetric matrices
PROPERTIES OF INVERSE Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be invertible matrices, 𝑘
MATRIX a positive integer and 𝑐 a nonzero
scalar.
1. (𝐴−1 )−1 = 𝐴
2. (𝐴𝑘 )−1 = (𝐴−1 )𝑘 = 𝐴−𝑘
1
3. (𝑐𝐴)−1 = 𝐴−1
𝐶
4. (𝐴𝑇 )−1 = (𝐴−1 )𝑇
5. (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵 −1 𝐴−1
YUZAIMI YUNUS – MAT406
