DCC40172: Structure, Hydraulics and Water Quality Laboratory
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
POLITEKNIK PORT DICKSON
Km 14, Jalan Pantai, 71050 Si Rusa, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan
Tel : 06-662 2000 / 2111 Faxs : 06-662 2026 / 2027
HYDRAULICS LABSHEET
EXPERIMENT 1: FLUIDS CHARACTERISTICS
A. OBJECTIVES
To determine density and specific gravity.
B. THEORY
Density is mass per unit volume. The unit of density is (kg/m3) and the formula is:
ρ= m where m = mass (kg) and V = volume (m3)
V
Fluid density depends on the temperature and pressure. Density declined with the rise in
temperature. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
Specific gravity is density of liquid times the gravity acceleration divided by the density of
water times the gravity acceleration. No unit for specific gravity
and the formula is:
Gs = ρ liquid (g) where g = 9.81 m/s2 and ρ water = 1000 kg/m3
ρ water (g)
Hydraulic Laboratory 1
DCC40172: Structure, Hydraulics and Water Quality Laboratory
C. APPARATUS & MATERIAL
Apparatus
Universal Hydrometer
2 of Hydrometer Jars
D. PROCEDURE
1. Fill one hydrometer jar with sufficient water to float the hydrometer and check that the
scale marking corresponding to depth of immersion reads 1.00
2. Fill two hydrometer with the liquids to be tested with sufficient of the liquids to float the
hydrometer and note for each liquid the scale reading.
(The specific gravity is read directly from scale)
Hydraulic Laboratory 2
DCC40172: Structure, Hydraulics and Water Quality Laboratory
E. RESULTS
a)
SCALE READING :
LIQUID
SPECIFIC GRAVITY, Gs
WATER
SEA WATER
b)
DENSITY, ρ
LIQUID
kg/m3 g/ml
WATER
SEA WATER
* Show all the calculations
Hydraulic Laboratory 3
DCC40172: Structure, Hydraulics and Water Quality Laboratory
F. CALCULATION
G. DISCUSSION
i. Determine the specific gravity.
ii. Determine the density of liquid in unit kg/m3 & g/ml.
iii. Prove the specific gravity is equal to relative density.
H. CONCLUSION
i. What can you concluded from the result?
I. REFERENCES
J. APPENDIX
Hydraulic Laboratory 4
DCC40172: Structure, Hydraulics and Water Quality Laboratory
Hydraulic Laboratory 5
