Integers: Positive whole numbers, negative whole numbers and zero are all integers.

Integers on number line

Negative number A number less than zero

Integers The set of positive and negative whole numbers and zero.
… -10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, …
Number line A line on which numbers are represented by points
 9. List all the integers that fit the given description.
a from -2 to 4
b from -7 up to 0
c greater than -3 and less than 2
d greater than -5 and less than 1
e less than 4 and greater than -4
f less than -3 and greater than -10

10. Arrange these numbers in ascending order.

a -3, -6, 0, 2, -10, 4, -1
b -304, 126, -142, -2, 1, 71, 0

11. Write the next three numbers in these simple patterns.

a 3, 2, 1, ---, ----, ----
b -8, -6, -4, ---, ----, ----
c 10, 5, 0, ---, ----, ----
d -38, -40, -42, ---, ----, ----
e -91, -87, -83, ---, ----, ----
f 199, 99, -1, ---, ----, ----

12. A thermometer shows a temperature of 10 degree Celsius. What would be the new temperature if it drop
by:
a 6 degrees
b 10 degrees
c 12 degrees
d 20 degrees

Addition and Subtraction of Integers

 For same signs: add and keep the sign: −3 −5 = −8
 For different signs: subtract the smaller number from the larger number and use the sign of the
bigger number. −8 + 5 = −3

1. Write the number that is:

a) 6 more than −2 b) 5 more than −8 c) 8° above −1°C
d) 3° below 2°C e) 3 to the right of −4 f) 4 to the left of −3.

2. Copy and complete these number sentences. (Draw a number line if you wish.)
a) 5 −2 b) −3 −4 c) −2 + 2
d) 6 −5 e) −5 + 5 f) 4 −6
g) −5 + 7 h) 6 −9 i) −4 + 6
j) 3 −3 k) −8 −2 l) 0 −6
3. Write the answer for each of the following.
a) −5 + −2 b) −6 + 4 c) −8 + 8
d) 3 + −7 e) −3 + 7 f) −3 + −7
g) −8 + 12 h) 19 + −22 i) −64 + −36
j) −80 + 90 k ) −2 + 4 l) −15 + −7

4. Complete the following calculations.

Set A Set B Set A

(a) 9 – 11 = (a) 6–9= (a) -5 – 10 =

(b) 9–5= (b) 6+3= (b) - 5 + 10 =

(c) 8–7= (c) -6 + 3 = (c) 5 – 10 =

(d) 8 – 10 = (d) -6 – 3 = (d) 12 – 14 =

(e) 7 – 11 = (e) 4–5= (e) -7 – 6 =

(f) -7 + 6 = (f) -4 – 5 = (f) -8 + 17 =

(g) -1 + 12 = (g) -4 + 5 = (g) -3 + 12 =

(h) -7 + 7 = (h) 4 – 11 = (h) 6 + - 21 =

(i) -3 – 2 = (i) -4 + 11 = (i) -9 + 31 =

(j) -3 + 9 = (j) 5 – 10 = (j) 6 – 31 =

(k) -3 – 6 = (k) -5 – 5 = (k) 4–3–7=

(l) -3 + 5 = (l) -6 + 6 = (l) 4–3+7=

(m) -8 + 10 = (m) -8 + 15 = (m) 4 + 3 + -7 =

(n) 7 – 14 = (n) 9 – 21 = (n) -4 + 3 + -7 =

(o) -1 – 5 = (o) -5 – 3 = (o) -4 – 3 – 7 =

(p) -8 – 11 = (p) 9 – 34 = (p) -18 + 12 =

(q) 11 – 5 – 6 = (q) -6 + 10 – 6 = (q) 9 + -4 + -11 =

(r) -12 + 8 + 14 = (r) 13 – 19 – 5 = (r) -7 + 13 – 12 =

5. When Merv first notices the spider, it is sitting about 3 cm below a light switch on the wall. He watches the
spider move about 12 cm up the wall then 5 cm down where it stops for a few seconds. The spider then
travels a further 9 cm down, followed by 2 cm up and finally 6 cm down.

a) What is the spider’s position on the wall in relation to the light switch?

b) What is the total distance travelled by the spider during this time?

Multiplication of Integers
When multiplying integers: Same direction gives a positive result

positive × positive = positive negative × negative = positive

such as +3 × +2 = +6 −3 × −2 = +6.
Different directions give a negative result
positive × negative = negative negative × positive = negative
such as +3 × −2 = −6 −3 × +2 = −6.

1. Do you get a positive or a negative answer when you multiply the following. Write P or N.

(a) 17 and – 3 (h) -4 and 14 (o) -3 by -7 (v) -8 × -4 × 11

(b) -17 and -3 (i) -7 and -30 (p) 6 by -4 (w) -3 × 8 × -1

(c) 23 and -5 (j) -4 and 36 (q) -3 by -3 by 4 (x) -6 × 5 × 13

(d) - 23 and – 5 (k) -10 and -3 (r) 5 by -6 by -4 (y) 9 × -6 × -2

(e) - 12 and 4 (l) 81 and 5 (s) 7 by -9 by 3 (z) -8 × -5× 7

(f) -6 and – 200 (m) -8 and 3 (t) -1 by -1 by -1 (aa) 3 × -20

8 and 345 -5 and 2 2 by -5 by -4 (ab) -8 × -6
(g) (n) (u)

2) Evaluate the following number sentences.

(a) -2 × 7 (d) 8 × -9 (g) -7 × -9 (j) -7 × -7

(b) -2 × -7 (e) -4 × -5 (h) 9 × -4 (k) -2 × 6
(c) 2 × -7 (f) -3 × 8 (i) -10 × 3 (l) -12 × -4

3. Evaluate the following.

a) 2 × −5 b) −6 × 3 c) −7 × 9 d) 6 × −5
e) −2 × −3 f)−4 × −5 g) −5 × −5 h) 0 × −7\
4. Simplify the following.
a) 2 × −3 × 4 b) (−3)2 × 2 c) 32 × −2 d) (−2)3
e) −4 × −3 × 3 f) −4 × (−1)3 g) −8 × 9 × −2 h) (−2)4
 5. Fill in the missing numbers.
a) −6 × −3 = ------- b) 6 × ------- = −18 c) --------- × 3 = −18
d) −8 × ----- = −8 e) −8 × -------- = 8 f) −8 × -------- = 0
g) −1 × ------- = 1 h) (− -------)2 = 9 i) −2 × 32 = --------

6. a) 1 × (−1) b) 4 × −2 c) 6 × (−2) d) 5 × −5
e) −8 × 1 f) −3 × 4 g) −11 × 4 h) −2 × 8
i) (−2) × (−5) j) −3 × −3 k) −2 × −4 l) (−1) × (−1)

m) −8 × 0 n) 0 × −7 o) −12 × 0 p) 0 × −9

q) −3 × 7 r) 3 × −2 s) −2 × −6 t) −4 × 3

u) 4 × −5 v) −1 × −7 w) −8 × 2 x) −7 × −2

7. a) 7 × −5 b) 4 × −7 c) −3 × 9 d) 9 × −5

e) −4 × −4 f )−8 × −4 g) −7 × −6 h) −8 × 6

i) (−6) × (−4) j) 9 × −9 k) 5 × −8 l) 4 × −9

m) −8 × 7 n) 7 × (−7) o) −7 × −4 p) (−8) × 9

q) −6 × −6 r) 9 × −8 s) −9 × −7 t) −4 × 6

u) 11 × 11 v) −9 × −6 w) −8 × 8 x) −7 × −9

8. a (−1)2 b (−2)2 c (−3)2 d (−4)2

e (−5)2 f (−6)2 g (−7)2 h (−8)2

i (−9)2 j (−10)2 k (−11)2 l (−12)2

9. a −4 × 80 b −5 × −30 c −9 × 10 d −80 × 3
e 6 × −0·3 f 8 × (−0·5) g −0·2 × 0·2 h −0·3 × −0·6
i 0·7 × −0·1 j −0·11 × 0·7 k 0·06 × −8 l −0·7 × −0·8
10. a −3 × −3 × −3 b −2 × −2 × −2 c −5 × −5 × −5
d −5 × −2 × 5 e −1 × −3 × 6 f −4 × −8 × 2
g −19 × 3 × 5 h 4 × −2 × 5 i 3 × 4 × −3
j 2 × 6 × −1 k 6 × −3 × −1 l −3 × −8 × −1
Division of integers

The division operation is the inverse or opposite of multiplication.

Since 3 × 2 = 6 then 6 ÷ 3 = 2 and 6 ÷ 2 = 3.
Since 3 × −2 = −6 then −6 ÷ 3 = −2 and −6 ÷ −2 = 3.
Since −2 × −3 = 6 then 6 ÷ −3 = −2 and 6 ÷ −2 = −3.
Rules of division
1. Same directions gives a positive result:
positive ÷ positive = positive and negative ÷ negative = positive
such as +6 ÷ +3 = +2 and −6 ÷ −3 = +2.
2. Different directions give a negative result:
negative ÷ positive = negative and positive ÷ negative = negative
such as −6 ÷ 3 = −2 and 6 ÷ −3 = −2.
3. Divide zero by any number and the answer is always zero.
Q1. Calculate the following.
a) −8 ÷ −2 b) 8 ÷ −2 c) −8 ÷ 2 d) 12 ÷ −3
e) −15 ÷ 5 f) −16 ÷ −8 g) −90 ÷ −10 h) 88 ÷ −11
Q2. Simplify the following.

Q3. Fill in the missing numbers in these number sentences.

a) −21 ÷ __ = −7 b) __ ÷ −8 = −4 c) __ ÷ −9 = 8
d) −11 ÷ __= 1 e) __ ÷ −7 = 0 f) __ ÷ −4 = 4
g) −42 ÷ = −6 h) −96 ÷ =2 i) −150 ÷ −25 = __

Do the following exercise:

1. a 18 ÷ 3 b −18 ÷ 3 c 18 ÷ −3 d −8 ÷ −2
e 16 ÷ −4 f −20 ÷ 2 g 9 ÷ (−1) h (−6) ÷ (−1)
i (−10) ÷ 2 j −28 ÷ 4 k −24 ÷ −3 l 60 ÷ −6

m −35 ÷ −7 n 20 ÷ −5 o −30 ÷ 10 p −16 ÷ 2

q −27 ÷ −3 r 20 ÷ −4 s 6 ÷ (−6) t (−9) ÷ 9
u (−7) ÷ (−7)
 Combined operations
Order of operations
Working from left to right, calculate:
1. Within grouping symbols {[( )]} first
2. Powers such as xa next
3. Then multiplication or division as it occurs, left to right × or ÷
4. And finally addition or subtraction as it occurs, left to right + or −.

Q1. Calculate the following, using the correct order of operations.

a) 6 + 3 × −4 b) 18 − 12 ÷ −3 c) 8 + −4 − 10
d) 17 − 3 + −8 e) 6 × −3 ÷ 9 f) 72 ÷ 8 × −3
g) 7 + (−3 − 4) h) (6 + 3) ÷ −9 i) −3 × −2 + 3 × −1

Q2

Q3. Model each situation with integers, and then find the result:
a) A submarine dives 100 m from sea level, rises 60 m then dives 25 m. What is its final position?
b) Jemma has $274 in the bank, and then she makes the following transactions: 2 withdrawals of $68 each, and
then 3 deposits of $50 each.
c) If 200 boxes of apples were each 3 short of the stated number of 40 apples, what was the overall shortfall in
the number of apples?
d) A person with a mass of 108 kg wants to reduce his mass to 84 kg in 3 months. What average mass reduction
is needed per month?
e) Local time in Sydney is 3 hours ahead of Singapore time, which is 5 hours behind Auckland (NZ) time.
Auckland is 11 hours ahead of Berlin (Germany) time. What is the time difference between:
i) Sydney and Berlin? ii) Singapore and Berlin?
f) Merlin is riding his bike east at a steady 10 km/h, while Morgan is riding her bike west at a steady 8 km/h.
They pass each other on Backpedal bridge at 12 noon.
(Assume that east is the positive direction and west is negative and that time before noon is negative and after
noon is positive.)
i What is the location of each person with respect to the bridge at 9 am?
ii What are their locations with respect to the bridge at 2 pm?
iii How far apart were they at 10 am?
iv How far apart will they be at 4 pm?