#name = "naman"

#print(name)
#print(type(name))
#here name is a string,which means it is a series of characters
#the 3rd statement will result in string

#first_name = "naman"
#last_name = "badoni"
#full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
#print(full_name)
#print("hello you're name is "+ full_name +" "+"you're age is 16")
#many strings can be compiled in a single string as in statement 9
#+ sign should be there after the quotation sign in the print command

#age = 21
#age +=19
#age = age + 19
#print(age)
#print (type(age))
#print("your age is:"+ str(age))
#here age is int, we used integer instead of strings because strings cannot be used
in mathematical operations , which means avoid using quotation sign
#statement 16 and 17 does the same command but statement 16 is much efficient
#In the statement 20 str() is used to covert the integer type data into string type
data otherwise it would show error as int cannot be used in statements

#length = 25.5
#print(length)
#print(type(length))
#print("the length of your room is " + str(length) + "cm")
#the statement 27 will result in float value
#float means the data which contains integer with a decimal value and integer
couldn't work with decimal values

#human = True
#print(human)
#Booleans are used for true and false and are useful in if statements

#multiple assignment helps us to use many variables at a same time

#name = "naman"
#age = 16
#neutral = True
#name, age, neutral = "naman", 16, True
#print(name)
#print(age)
#print(neutral)
#print(name, age, neutral)
#X = 70
#Y = 70
#X = Y = 70
#print(X , Y)

#name = "Naman "

#print(name.capitalize())
#print(len(name))
#print(name.lower())
#print(name.upper())
#print(name.find("n"))
#print(name.isdigit())
#print(name.isalpha())
#print(name.count("a"))
#print(name.replace("a","o"))
#print(name*4)

#typecasting = convert the data type of a value to another data type

#x = 2 #int
#y = 2.0 #float
#z = "4" #string
#y = int(y) / float(y)/ str(y)
#print(type(y))

#name = input("what is your name? : ")

#print("hello "+ name + ",welcome to our website")

#age = int(input("what is your age? : "))

#print("hello "+ name +", your age is "+ age)

#age = age + 1
#print(age)
#print("hello,you are "+str(age)+ " years old")

#slicing = create a substring by extracting elements from another string

# indexing[] or slice()
# [start:stop:step]
#indexing = a way to access individual element in a sequence such as string
#name = "naman badoni"
#first_name = name[0]
#print(first_name)
#In this case only one character is in the output which is n from naman
#first_name = name[0:5]
#print(first_name)
#here we chose 5 instead of 4 in the 88th statement because 4 is exclusive and that
will result in nama only
#we can also leave start in sqaure bracket, so python will automatically assume it
as zero
#last_name = name[6:]
#print(last_name)
#step function helps in skipping the characters present in the string
#example = name[::2]
#print(example)
#if revesing our name then,
#reversed_name = name[::-1]
#print(reversed_name)

#slice
#website = "http://google.com"
#slice = slice(7,-4)
#print(website[slice])

#if statement = a block of code if the condition is true

#age = int(input("what is your age ?"))
#print("you are "+ str(age)+ " years old")
#if age >= 18:
# print("you are an adult!")
#elif age < 0:
# print("you haven't been born yet!")
#else:
 # print("you are a child!")

#logical operators (and,or,not)= used to check if two or more conditional statement

are true
#temp = int(input("today temperature in your area is : "))
#if temp >= 0 and temp <= 30:
# print("the temperature is bad")
# print("dont go outside")
#elif temp > 0 or temp < 30:
# print("the temperature is good! ")
# print("go outside")

# while loop = a statement that will excecute its block of code, as long its
condition remains true
#name = ""
#while len(name) == 0:
#name = input("enter your name : ")
#print("helloo " + name )

#for loop = a statement that will excecute its block of it for a limited number
#while loop = unlimited
#for loop = limited
#for index in range(2,100,2):
#print(index)
#for i in "naman badoni":
# print(i)

#import time
#for seconds in range(10,0-1,-1):
# print(seconds)
# time.sleep(1)
#print("happy birthday")

#nested loop = the "inner loop" will finish all of its iterations before finishing
one iteration of the outer loop
#rows = int(input("How many rows do you want? : "))
#column = int(input("How many column do you want? : "))
#symbol = input("which symbol do you want to you? : ")
#for i in range(rows):
#for j in range(column):
#print(symbol, end="")
#print("")

#loop control statement = change a loops execution from its normal sequence
#break = used to terminate the loop entirely
#continue = skips to next iteration of loop
#place = does nothing, acts as placeholder

#while True: {we can write 1==1 instead of True}

#name = input("what is your name? ")
#if name != "":
#break

#SYMBOL = input("which sybol do you want to use?: ")

#def triangle(n):
#for i in range(n):
#for j in range(i+1):
 #print(SYMBOL,end="");
#print()
#triangle(5)

#phone_number = "123-123456"
#for i in phone_number:
#if i == "-":
#continue
#print(i,end="")

#for i in range(1,21):
#if i == 13:
#pass
#else:
#print(i)

#lists = used to stored multiple items in single variable

#grocery = ["oil","tea","pulses"]
#grocery[0] = "honey"
#print(grocery[0])
#for x in grocery:
#print(x)

#2D list = lists in list

#dinner = ["pizza","hamburger","chicken",]
#drinks = ["coffee","cold drink","tea"]
#dessert = ["ice cream","custurd",]
#food = [dinner,drinks,dessert]
#print(food[0][0])

#tupules = collection which is ordered and unchangeable

# used to group together related data
#students = ("naman",16,"male")
#print(students.count("male"))
#print(students.index("naman"))
#for i in students:
#print(i)
#if "naman" in students:
#print("naman was here")

#set = which is undefined, unindexed.No duplicate values

#utensils = {"fork","knife","spoon"}
#dishes = {"cups","bowls","plate","spoon"}
#dishes.update(utensils)
#print(dishes.union(utensils))
#print(dishes.intersection(utensils))
#print(dishes.difference(utensils))
#print(dishes)
#for i in dishes:
#print(i)

#import math
#n = 5
#print("the factorial of 5 is:", )
#print(math.factorial(n))

#tuples = collection which is ordered and unchangeable

#student = ("naman",16,"male")
#x = student.count("naman")
#print(x)
#y = student.index("male")
#print(y)
#for x in student:
#print(x)
#if "naman" in student:
#print("Naman is present")

#dictionary = a changeable, unordered collection of unique key

#capitals = {'India':'Delhi','USA': 'Washington DC','China':'Beijing'}
#print(capitals['USA'])
#print(capitals.get('Germany'))
#print(capitals.keys())
#print(capitals.values())
#print(capitals.items())

#for key,value in capitals.items():

#print(key,value)

#capitals.update({'Germany':'Berlin'})
#print(capitals)
#capitals.pop('China')
#print(capitals)

#functions = a block of code which is executed only when it is called

#def hello(name,age):
#print("hello"+name)
#print("your age is "+str(age))
#hello("naman",16)

#return = function send bach value/object back to the caller

#def multiply(number1,number2):
# return number1*number2
#x = multiply(6,4)
#print(x)

#keyword arguement...
#def name(first,middle,last):
# print("His name is ",first," ",middle," ",last )
#name(last="mukesh",middle="nitin",first="Neil")

#nested function loop

#print(round(abs(float(input("enter a whole number:")))))

# *args

#def add(*args):
#sum = 0
#for i in args:
# sum += i
#return sum
#print(add(1,2,3,4))

#str.format...
#x = "Naman"
#y = 16
#print("{}'s age is {} ".format(x,y))

#import random
#x = random.randint(1,6)
#y = random.random()
#mylist = ["rock","paper","scissors"]
#z = random.choice(mylist)
#print(z)

#import random
#cards = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,"J","K","Q","A"]
#random.shuffle(cards)
#print(cards)

#exception = events detected during execution that interrupt the flow of program
#try:
#n = int(input("enter a number you want to divide:"))
#d = int(input("enter a number you want to divide with:"))
#result = n/d
#print(result)

#except ZeroDivisionError as e:
#print (e)
#print("can't divide by 0")

#except ValueError as e :
#print (e)
#print("please enter the right input")

#except Exception as e :
#print (e)
#print("Something went wrong:(")

#finally:
#print("this will always be there")

#import os
#path = "C:\\Users\\Sanjay Badoni\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\language\\
pythoncalculator.py"
#if os.path.exists(path):
#print("yes")
#else :
#print("no")

#with open('C:\\Users\\Sanjay Badoni\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\language\\

pythoncalculator.txt') as file:
# print(file.read())

#text = "hello \n this is some text"

#with open('test.txt','w') as file: #a=append
#file.write(text)

#import shutil
#shutil.copyfile('x',y)#file path/location
#shutil.copy()
#shutil.copy2()

#import os
#source = "x"#file path is required here
#destination = "y"#another file path is requred here

#try:
#if os.path.exists(destination):
#print("file already exists")
#else :
#os.replace(source,destination)
#print("file has been moved")
#except FileNotFoundError:
#print(source+"was not found")

#import os
#import shutil
#os.remove('x')#file path
#os.rmdir('x')#folder path
#shutil.rmtree(path)#removes the whole file and the data present in it