#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
// create a string variable called test1, assign a string literal to it
string test1 = "abcdefghi";
// we can output strings using cout and <<
cout << test1 << endl;
// output the size of the string (i.e. number of characters)
cout << "size: " << test1.size() << endl;
// we can access individual characters at each index in the string with []
// and .at()
cout << "test1[1]: " << test1[1] << endl;
cout << "test1.at(3): " << test1.at(3) << endl;
// we can modify individual characters in the string with the [] syntax too
test1[2] = 'C';
cout << test1 << endl;
// there are several ways to concatenate and append strings
test1 = test1 + "jklmnop";
test1 += "qrstu";
test1.append("vwxyz");
cout << test1 << endl;
// the length() function is a synonym for size(), it returns the same value
cout << "length: " << test1.length() << endl;
// we can create more string type variables
string test2 = "123";
string test3;
// we can concatenate string variables, not just string literals
test3 = test1 + test2;
cout << "test3: " << test3 << endl;
// empty() will check if a string is empty (test3 should not be)
if (test3.empty()) cout << "test3 is empty" << endl;
else cout << "test3 is not empty" << endl;
// clear() will make a string empty
test3.clear();
cout << "test3: " << test3 << endl;
// test3 should now be empty!
if (test3.empty()) cout << "test3 is empty" << endl;
else cout << "test3 is not empty" << endl;
// we can convert values like ints and doubles to strings using to_string()
string test4 = to_string(-10.5);
cout << test4 << endl;
// we can convert double values to strings using stod(), other functions
// exist to convert other types as well
double number = stod(test4);
cout << "number: " << number << endl;
// many functions exist for working with strings, for example we can
// extract a substring from a string using substr, which in this case
// extracts 4 characters starting from the character at index 2 (i.e. "test")
string test5 = "A test string";
string sub = test5.substr(2,4);
cout << "sub: " << sub << endl;
// we can store use input into a string type variable, for example a name
string name;
cout << "Enter name: ";
// will only store the string up until the first space character, so a
// name like 'kevin browne' will only be stored as 'kevin' into name
//cin >> name;
// will store the string up until the first newline character into name,
// so a name like 'kevin browne' will be stored entirely
getline(cin, name);
// output the name
cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
return 0;
