Interview Preparation Guide

Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment

Water Division
The big picture

Be prepared

• Our experience has shown that candidates who spend the time preparing well for
their interviews, consistently outperform those who don’t prepare - even if they
are potentially a stronger match on paper!

• Preparation for an interview is critical. Nobody is so experienced that they don’t

require significant preparation for each interview they attend. Preparation for
interview is not a quick flip through the potential employer’s website and job
specification!

Appropriate amounts of preparation for your interview will:

• Lead to less nerves at interview

• Increase your capacity to describe your experience in a structured, professional
manner
• Leave you in a stronger position to relax at interview focusing on listening and
understanding questions; and building rapport with interviewer(s)
• Allow you to better understand your next career move and will help you avoid
making incorrect career choices
• Maximise your chance for a successful interview

Feel free to bring notes including any specific questions you need answered – this sort
of preparation will be seen as an indicator of a strong potential hire for the employer.

Think about your audience

Critical to your preparation is understanding or predicting the needs of your audience.

Put yourself in their shoes!

Remember: The interviewers are trying to uncover three key things:

• Can you do the job? Do you have the necessary skills, qualifications and
experience?

• What is your motivation for doing the job? What is your attitude to work like and
what are your career goals?

• Will you fit into the team? Is there a culture match? Will you be someone they will
enjoy working with? Are you someone that presents as a ‘risk’ to the harmony of
their current team?

If you are prepared to answer these questions for the client at interview and are able to
do it in a structured manner with relevant examples, you are heading towards becoming
the employee of choice.

Do your research

The best way to understand your audience is through thorough research. Your research
should focus on:

• Who is your audience? What is their role? Where do they fit into the
organisation? What are their professional backgrounds?
• What they are looking for? What are their expectations for the role?
• Why does the organisation need the role?
• What is the context surrounding the vacancy?
Personal and professional networks

Find out more about your new potential employer and interviewers by calling and
speaking with those most likely to be in the know. Remember the degrees of separation
in Canberra are minimal and it won’t take many calls before you are much better
informed. Don’t be afraid to ask for a personal referral from your ‘connection’. If used
wisely a personal referral or recommendation can be a huge advantage at interview,
however, if you are in doubt whether the referral connection is a sound one we
recommend caution.

At HorizonOne we pride ourselves on having in-depth knowledge of our client’s

organisations and work cultures, often built over many years. Make sure you make the
most out of this information by preparing for and questioning your consultant in detail
prior to interview. If they don’t have the information you need they are likely to know
how to get it.

Know your CV and career

Know your ‘story’ inside and out. Think through your experience and be able to
articulate how you have come to this point in a manner that is positive and logical.

Be able to clearly articulate your own motivations and goals including for:

• Previous job or career changes

• What you enjoy doing most and why; what motivates you
• What work you prefer doing and why

It sounds counter-intuitive, but knowing your work experience intimately is key to your
success at interview. Rarely does everyone remember their past work experiences off
by heart, and even more rarely are they able to describe these experienced with a
structured, logical manner.
The world is at your fingertips online

We are often blessed with a huge amount of information online about local
organisations particularly public sector organisations. Organisation websites, media
releases, annual reports, published business plans.......Google is your best friend when
it comes to preparing for interviews.

Take advantage of this plethora of information so you are able to go into your interview
with eyes open. But remember, the web is only one source of information - it is
dangerous to rely solely on the internet for interview preparation.

Understand the job specification and selection criteria/core competencies

Study the job duties and prepare questions about aspects of the role that are not clear
to you.

Draw parallels with examples from your own experience to each part of the job/criteria,
and prepare detailed examples to demonstrate your competencies in performing these
duties

For those roles where the critical requirements of the position are stipulated in a
selection criteria or a list of core competencies, it is critical that you:

• Prepare detailed examples relating to each criterion or competency using the

STAR method

• Know the selection criteria you wrote well

• Steer interviewers to positive outcomes you have generated through your work
with well chosen, targeted examples
Be on time and know where you are going

Be 100% sure of the time, date and location of the interview and research travel times,
public transport or parking well in advance. Always make sure you come to the interview
‘armed’ with all relevant contact details ‘just in case’. This includes who will be there,
their positions in the organisation, their phone numbers etc.

Any more than ten minutes early is too early – if you arrive too early wait in the car or
take a short walk to calm yourself. Anything later than the agreed interview time can be
an indelible black mark against your chances at interview.
Prepare specific responses to commonly asked questions

There are a wide range of commonly asked interview questions that when prepared for,
can allow you to concentrate on more difficult questions or on building rapport with the
interviewers. Remember, just because the questions are common and ‘about you’ it
does not mean they will be easy to answer so preparation is vital. And again, don’t
forget to exemplify your responses!

Prepare answers to the most commonly asked ‘general’ interview questions

Tell me about yourself...

Although this seems a simple question, many people find this one very difficult to
respond to appropriately. To get the most out of the situation you need to prepare a
response as it is easy to get carried away and present a lot of irrelevant personal
information or to ramble.

Your answer to this question needs to be specifically targeted to the job, selection
criteria and the organisation.

• Set a framework – aim for three key points that have led you to this point in your
career

• Briefly convey a sense of who you are, and where you are going

• Mention your previous career and how this prepares you for the role you are
interviewing for (qualify with concrete examples, don’t go through a chronological
history)

• Present just enough detail without getting into a rambling autobiography. Two
minutes is a good rule of thumb for this question
Strengths and weaknesses

There are many different ways interviewers seek to access your interpretation of your
strengths and weaknesses.

Strengths

• How would your referees describe you?

• What accomplishments are you most proud of?
• What achievements define your career to date?
• What will you bring to our organisation?
• What specific skills are you most proud of?

Remember to focus on providing a mix of personal and technical strengths – we

recommend preparing a minimum of five overall with detailed examples to support your
statements. Avoid self-qualifying statements. If it is a strength explain why referring to
previous examples of how this strength has led to positive performance outcomes
benefiting previous employers.

Make sure you:

• Target your strengths to the role you are interviewing for

• Avoid self qualifying statements / self affirmations if they are not supported by
evidence
• Provide a breadth of responses (e.g. not all personal strengths)

Weaknesses

• What weaknesses are there in your performance to date?

• Where do you feel you could improve your performance?
• In your last performance review what were the key areas for development
raised?
When describing weaknesses it is best to give only one or two examples. Describe your
weakness as point for development you have identified, perhaps with the help of a
previous manager, and describe constructively how you seek to address this. The
interviewers are keen to see you demonstrate self-awareness and emotional
maturity/intelligence. Honesty is always the best policy but make sure you frame your
response in a positive or constructive light.

Remind them that when you identify a problem, you actively take actions to correct it,
and that is how you do things.

Avoid answering with:

• Cliché’s like I am a workaholic, I take on too much or I am a perfectionist

• Listing a weakness that discounts your suitability for the core competencies of
the role (e.g. I am not strong with detail if you are going for an accounting role)
• “I don’t know.....”

Other questions you may be very likely to be asked at interview include:

• What are your long and short term goals? What motivates and interests you?
• Why are you interested in this job? Why are you suitable for it?
• Why did you leave your last job?
• What do you know about our organisation/team?

Make sure you are prepared for these standard questions as a minimum.
Behavioural and situational questions

The theory behind these kinds of questions is that your past performance is the best
predictor of future achievements. These types of questions require you to give specific
examples of work situations to illustrate your previous performance or behaviour. They
are meant to be tough to answer, and require significant preparation to answer them
well.

Typically these questions commence with:

• Tell me about a time when..?

• Can you give me an example of when you have.....?

Following the initial prompting question they are often followed up with guided prompts
to steer you towards providing an answer that meets the requirements.

Typical prompts include:

• What action did you take?

• What were you responsible for?
• What were the consequences? What was the result?

This style of interview questioning can be used to assess any of the core competencies
required for a particular position.
First impressions count!

Be well presented

This should be a no-brainer, but we are constantly receiving feedback from interviews
where candidate’s appearance has led to negative impressions and then outcomes.

Key things to remember are:

• Come dressed appropriately – if in doubt always wear a suit and tie

• If you come dressed smart/casual make sure you are 100% sure that this is in
line with expectations
• Be clean shaven with neat hair
• Make sure your clothes are well ironed
• Do not come with sleeves rolled up, tie, fly or top button undone!
• Avoid strong applications of perfume or aftershave
• Do not smoke prior to your interview – it is guaranteed to ‘turn off’ two out of
three interviewers
• Do not chew gum
• Avoid over applying make-up or wearing inappropriate or excessive jewelry
• Make sure your mobile phone is switched off!!!

Greet each interviewer with a firm, full hand handshake and make sure you keep good
eye contact. Keep the interaction as genuine as possible and seek to establish rapport
early – the first five minutes are vital! Avoid the appearance of your greeting being a
rehearsed routine.

Be aware of your posture and body language during the interview – non-verbal cues are
critical to interviewer impressions. Keep your body language positive and/or neutral,
sitting upright in your chair with hands relaxed.
Prepare to be relaxed

• Centre yourself before the meeting and focus on your breathing to settle your
nerves
• Be calm in the knowledge that you have prepared well
• Seek to engage the interviewers on a personal or social level as well as
professionally to ease tensions and to maximise potential synergies

Practice and rehearse

Practice your interview responses answers and consider running a ‘mock interview’ with
a friend or colleague just as you would when preparing a presentation or similar.

Prepare your approach to answering questions

The STAR method

There is endless material available online or otherwise about using the STAR technique
to answer interview questions. The STAR technique - focuses your answers by giving
them a framework

Situation – Set the context by describing the circumstance where you gained the
experience.

Task – What was your role in addressing the requirement/problem?

Action – What specific action did you take? How did you do it and how did you make the
outcome a positive one?

Result – What did you achieve? How was it measured? What was the feedback? How
does it relate to the role you are applying for?
Do’s & don’ts and curveballs

Interview DON’TS

• Don’t “oversell” yourself or embellish the truth.

• Don’t complain about / criticise former employers or managers – be VERY
careful here.
• Don’t over-answer questions. Keep answers informative but relatively brief.
Monitoring your interviewer’s body language will give you clues as to whether
you are talking too much.
• Don’t ask about every fine detail of personal benefits offered by an employer, it
will leave you looking like a needy or difficult employee– wait until an offer is
looking likely before you head down this road.
• Don’t provide in sufficient detail in answers demonstrating your experience or
abilities.

Interview curve balls

Inexperienced interviewers

Prepare for inexperienced or nervous interviewers. Remember, many interviewers do

not interview people regularly and many are not naturally very good at it. Many a time
we have heard from candidates leaving interviews bewildered after fifteen minutes
wondering what they did wrong! More often than not a short interview results from an
inexperienced or unskilled interviewer rather than the candidate. By preparing questions
and being able to volunteer structured information about your experience relevant to an
opportunity you can help guide an interview with momentum to your advantage.
Nerves or not at your best

If despite all your best preparation and effort you are still very nervous, let the
interviewer(s) know up front by plainly stating that: “I am experiencing some nerves and
please excuse me until I am warmed up.”

Do not continue apologising throughout the meeting as this will create a lasting negative
impression.

If you are ill and you still attend your interview, let the interviewer(s) know in advance so
they are aware.

What are your salary expectations?

Generally, this one is better handled in a second interview or conversation once the
employer has clearly identified interest in employing you. If you are held to providing an
answer we recommend only answering if you have a full understanding of the
requirements of the position and wherever possible indicating a salary range.

Finishing the interview

Aim to leave a positive impression

• Be genuine and professional, but not overly familiar

• Confirm your interest in the role and why – remember, many people are
successful because they are clearly highly motivated to win the role
• Address any possible shortcoming noting your awareness and putting a positive
slant on this
• Aim to leave the interviewer(s) with a strong impression of you – take the time to
shake the hands of all attendees