COLLAGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

ARESEARCHPROPOSALSUBMITTEDTOTHEDEPARTMEN
T OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IN
PARTIALFULFILMENTOFBACHLOROFARTS(BA) DEGREE
IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIROMENTAL STUDIES

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZER ON AGRICULTURAL

PRODUCTIVITY; IN KELLEM WOLLEGA ZONE HAWA GELAN
WESTERN, OROMIYAA, ETHIOPIA

PREPARED BY: ABDULAZIZ ESA SAIDO

ADVISOR: Mr.EBA TARIKU

January, 2023

BONGA, ETHIOPIA

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 ACRONYMS

ADIL=Agricultural Development led Industrialization

AISE=Agricultural Input Supply Enterprise

DAS=Developmental Agents

EEA=Ethiopian Economic Association

FAO=Food Agricultural Organization

GDP=Gross Domestic Product

HYV=High Yield Varity

KAO=Keble administrative office

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iii
Table of Contents
ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................................ii
CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................1
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.....................................................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the problem..........................................................................................................2
1.3 Objectives the study area...........................................................................................................3
1.3.1 General objective......................................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Specific Objectives...................................................................................................................3
1.4 Research questions....................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................................................4
2 REVIEWS LITERATURES.......................................................................................................................4
2.2 Definition and concept of fertilizer..............................................................................................4
2.2.1. Artificial fertilizer.....................................................................................................................4
2.2.2. Organic fertilizer......................................................................................................................4
2.3. Characteristics of fertilizer..........................................................................................................4
2.4. The role of artificial fertilizer......................................................................................................5
2.5. Fertilizer consumption in Ethiopia..............................................................................................5
2.6. Factors affecting fertilizer use.....................................................................................................5
2.7. Problem with fertilizer utilization...............................................................................................5
2.8 Agriculture inputs and credit market...........................................................................................6
2.8.1 Fertilizer use in Ethiopia...........................................................................................................6
2.8.2 Fertilizer Imports, Sales, and consumption...............................................................................6
2.9. Conceptual frame work..............................................................................................................7
CHAPTER THREE....................................................................................................................................9
DATA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................9
3.1 Description of the study area......................................................................................................9
3.1.1 Location....................................................................................................................................9
Figure 3.1 Location of Map of the study area of Mechara District Hawa Gelan Woreda......................9
3.1.2 Climate Condition of study area.............................................................................................10
3.1.3 Topography.............................................................................................................................10
3.1.4 Soil type..................................................................................................................................10
3.1.5 Vegetation..............................................................................................................................10
3.1.6 Population.............................................................................................................................10

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3.1.7 Economic activity....................................................................................................................10
3.2 Research methodology of the study..........................................................................................11
3.2.1 Research design......................................................................................................................11
3.2.2 Data sources.........................................................................................................................11
3.2.2 Primary data source................................................................................................................11
3.2.2.2 Secondary data source.........................................................................................................11
3.3 Sampling Techniques and sample size determination...............................................................11
3.3.1 Sampling Techniques..............................................................................................................11
3.4 Data collection instrument........................................................................................................12
3.4.1 Observation............................................................................................................................12
3.4.2 Questionnaires........................................................................................................................13
3.4.3. Interview................................................................................................................................13
3.5 Methods of Data Analysis........................................................................................................13
3.6 Budget plan and Time plan........................................................................................................13
Budget Allocation............................................................................................................................14

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 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The world of agricultural requires inorganic fertilizer because the population is in continuous
growth and thus a greater production wills necessary to maintain it. It will important to note,
however that inorganic fertilizer shouldn’t substitute organic fertilizer; they shall be integrate
with them (agriculture, 2018)

The practice of agriculture will have become an increase popular way of life in the world;
more over it provide countless people with productivity with substance and livelihood.
Today, however, chemical fertilizer will be playing the vital factor in the agriculture
productivity in the world (Chandra 2011).The Ethiopian economy will be primary
agriculture. In any single year, agricultural production accounts half (46%) of GDP, 60% of
exports, and 80% of total employment (CIA World Fact Book, 2013). Much of the foreign
currency earnings will have derived from it and 85% of the country’s population derives their
livelihood directly from the sector. Despite its role, the sector will characterized by low
productivity and high exposure to risk due to severe soil erosion and of which one will
utilization of artificial fertilizer on other of the mineral contents of the soil.

Agriculture will be the main stay of Ethiopian economy

government priority to fight wide spread poverty and food insecurity will also directed
toward this sector. The agriculture development lead to industrialization (ADLI), which will
has been adapted as development strategy since 1995 is strongly believed to have put the
agriculture sector its proper place in Ethiopian economy (Berhanu, 2002).

In the intensive agriculture, nutrient management will be gaining important for sustainable
production. This use of in organic fertilizer to sustain cropping will find to increase yield only
for some few year, but all long term basic it has not be effective.It often leads to decline in
soil organic matter contents, soil acidification, and soil physical degradation, leads to increase
soil erosion .In order to solve the problem several soil fertility methods will being used, of

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which one will utilization of artificial fertilizer. On the other hand utilization of in organize
fertilizer will beyond the buying capacity of poor farmer because it will be high costly and
uncertain accessibility an organic inputs, which will offer proposed as alternatives than
inorganic fertilizer even though it needs high labor force (Ojeniyi,2000)

In the study area farmer's to developed crop productivity using artificial and natural fertilizer.
Thus the study area farmers will be using more artificial fertilizer to organic
fertilizer.Agriculture willthe main economy sector of in the study areas.

1.2. Statement of the problem

Agriculture can positive and negative impact on soil use and the inorganic fertilizer can
reduce the natural nutrients on the soil surface because, artificial tends to replenish only
nitrogen, potassium, and phosphors; awhile depleting the other nutrients and minerals that
will naturally found in truly fertile soils .

More over chemical fertilizer will be resistant in the environment especially on soil fertility
because most of microorganisms decrease following the increase of chemical fertilizer uses
(Katasunori, 2003). Agriculture will heavily depend on the environment resource, direct
impact will fail by local farmers because the uses of fertilizer on their agricultural land and
loss of their ecological system the pollution in the water resource and the resolute of land
degradation because using chemical fertilizer and also bring harm both healthy and
environments (LiU.YU, 2010).

Similarly, the problem of the artificial fertilizer on agricultural productivity will be occurred
in Mechara Keble due to lack of awareness or Knowledge of farmers recording with the use
of artificial fertilizer how and when they will fertilizer for their crops. Inaddition to this also
in the study area absence of training recording with the use of artificial fertilizer and its
impact on agricultural productivity by agricultural specialist and low agricultural production
value on this area as the result of soil fertility, so mitigation measure would be considered to
increase agricultural productivity of these Keble by solving related problem. The researcher
wants to study the impact of artificial fertilizer on agricultural productivity in selected
Mechara Keble. Based on the proposal empirical observation at the area the land value
become low due to lack of farmer knowledge about the usage of artificial fertilizer, low use
of fertilizer on crop production and following traditional methods of agriculture’s the
proposal will solving to the problem farmers have been enough knowledge about using of
the artificial fertilizer. Additional fertile to soil,use to compost to the community

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1.3 Objectives the study area

1.3.1 General objective

The general objective of this study will be to assess the impact of artificial fertilizer on
agricultural productivity on Mechara Keble in Hawa Gelan woreda.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

The specific Objectives of the study will:-

 To identify the major factors that affects the distribution, supply, and market price of
artificial fertilizer in the study area.
 To examine the negative impact of utilizing artificial fertilizer on the farm land
productivity in Mechara Keble.
 To identify the roles of artificial fertilizer on agricultural productivity in the Mechara
Kebele

1.4 Research questions

 What will be the major factor that affects the distribution, supply, and market price
of artificial fertilizer in the study area?
 What is the negative impacts of utilizing artificial fertilizer on the farm land
productivity in Mechara kebele
 What will be the roles of artificial fertilizer on agricultural productivity in the
Mechara Keble

1.5. Significance of the study

Agriculture is the basic for the economy of Ethiopia. Currently, the government will has
given special attention to the sector to play a leading role in the economic development of the
country. But soil degradation will one of a serious problem for Ethiopia agriculture.

Therefore, this research may fill the research gap in relation to utilization of artificial
fertilizer mechara Keble. The result of the research may also help the Keble agricultural
experts, Das and extension workers to design effective SWC plan and success in its
implementation. Moreover, it may also use as a reference for other studies in the area with
similar or other themes of study.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2 REVIEWS LITERATURES

2.2 Definition and concept of fertilizer

Fertilizer is a substance added to soil to improve plant growth and yield. First used by
ancient farmers, fertilizer technology developed significantly or chemical needs to growing
plants will be discovered modern synthetic fertile will composed mainly of nitrogen,
phosphorous, and potassium compound with secondary nutrients added. The use of synthetic
fertilizers will have significantly improved the quality and quantity of the food available in
the following day. Although their long-terms use will be debated by environmentalist

2.2. Types of fertilizer

2.2.1. Artificial fertilizer

These is fertilizer, while the soil becomes exhausted it will provided with fertilizer but before
the fertilizer will added the plant nutrients that will be missing from the soil will be identified
these days artificial fertilizer discouraged. Instead organic fertilizer, such as cow dung,
compost etc. Will used. Excessive use of chemical fertilizer can cause pollution. This
happens when all the chemical will not taken by plants. The excess will leached out of the
soil in to rivers and lakes (Tesfaye and werkneh, 2005).

2.2.2. Organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizers isfrom animal matter animal excreta (manure), human excreta and
vegetable matter (erg compost and crop residues). Naturally occurring organic fertilizers.

Including animal wasted from meat processing, peat manure, slurry, guano

2.3. Characteristics of fertilizer

Fertilizer will be any materials organic natural or manmade that supply plants with the
necessary nutrient for plants growth and optimum yield organic fertilizer will be natural
material of plants animal origin including livestock manure green crop resides, house hold
west compost and wood land litter. Inorganic fertilizer will be fertilizer mined for from
minerals deposit with little processing or industrial manufacturing though chemical process,
for optimum plant growth, nutrients must be available in sufficient and balanced quantities
soil contain natural reserves of plant nutrients, but this reserves will largely in forms in forms

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unavailable to plants and only amino portion will have released each years though biological
activities or chemical process. This release too to composite for the removal of nutrients by
agricultural production and to meet crop requirement, there for fertilizer will have designed to
supplement the nutrients already present in the soil. The use of chemical fertilizer, organic
fertilizer or bio fertilizer has its advantage need be integrated in order to make optimum use
of each type fertilizer and achieve balanced nutrient management or crop growth .

2.4. The role of artificial fertilizer

The contribution of chemical fertilizer toward increase agricultural production wil well
established. India agricultural policy focused on increasing productivity and modern input ,
such as improving seeds (HYVs), irrigation, chemical fertilizer etc., have playing an
important role increasing crop production and productivity given the diminishing land
available for cultivation. There for it will be important to understand fertilizer use pattern and
efficiency over time, the changed stricture of fertilizer market, the current policy environment
and the role of various factors influencing fertilizer consumption .

2.5. Fertilizer consumption in Ethiopia

Fertilizer consumption measure the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land.
Fertilizer product cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizer including ground rock
phosphate dissemination, FAO will has adopted the concept of a calendar year basis. While
other will be on a split year basis .

2.6. Factors affecting fertilizer use

The most profitable type and amount of fertilizer to use depend on crop, soil, climatic
economic, and management factors. The actual amount used to depend on these factors plus
the personal characteristics of user. Some will be prejudiced either for or against fertilizer in
general or some types of fertilizer in particular other do not have necessary information to
make the best use of fertilizers (EEA, 2006/07).

2.7. Problem with fertilizer utilization

The main environmental problems associated with fertilizer use will contamination of water
with nitrates and phosphate. The nitrogen from fertilizer and manure will have eventually
covered by bacteria in the soil to nitrates these nitrate can be leached in to the stream and
river, high nitrate level in drinking water will be conducted to be dangerous to human health.
The main source of nitrates in ground water will crop resided and organic matters of that
decompose and produce nitrates at a time when crop cannot make use of them

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As indicated above, AISE will be currently sole importer of the fertilizer in Ethiopia. An
important decision that AISE must make every years in how much fertilizer to import in
order to meet the anticipated demand from farmers. These estimates begin at the Keble by
MOARD agents, then aggregated to woreda, tonal regional and national levels in order for
AISE to initiate procurement line with GDP targets. The following diagram illustrates this
process (Figure 2.1).Source; (EFA 2012) Authors, based on information collected from
MOARD.

2.8 Agriculture inputs and credit market

2.8.1 Fertilizer use in Ethiopia

Fertilizer will be considering as one of the strategic agricultural input for Ethiopia agriculture.
The country depends totally on imports for fertilizer consumption. The foreign exchange
needed for fertilizer import offer comes loans, donor, and assistance (grant) and government
treasury. As domestic fertilizer consumption increase and foreign assistance doesn’t grow as
required the government will increasingly spending more from its coffer, the fertilizer market
will has been deregulated and opened for privet computation since the mid-1990s following
the issuance of the fertilizer policy, the pan-territorial fertilizer pricing system will be
eliminated and subsides will we removed (FAO,WK P,2007) However of the strategic role of
fertilizer in achieving food self- sufficiency and alleviating poverty, the government of
Ethiopia in still involved in the sector by making credit available ton farmers and
encouraging more fertilizer use based on source from MOA

2.8.2 Fertilizer Imports, Sales, and consumption

As indicated above, AISE will be currently sole importer of the fertilizer in Ethiopia. An
important decision that AISE must make every years in how much fertilizer to import in
order to meet the anticipated demand frome farmers. These estimates begin at the Keble by
MOARD agents, will be aggregated to woreda, tonal regional and national levels in order for
AISE to initiate procurement line with GDP targets. The following diagram illustrates this
process (Figure 2.1).

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 Kebele

Woreda

Zonal Demand

Production regional Cooperatives

Demand assessment
demand
Targets set by GTP

Physical Factor Human Factor

Climate Economic activities
Soil type Crop type
topography Management
Source; (EFA 212) Authors, based on information collected from MOARD.

2.9. Conceptual frame work

The conceptual frame work of the proposal designs by the proposals to enplane and shows by
figure the Dependent and independent variables Dependent variables will be affecting
artificial fertilizer and Independence variables will physical factor and human factors.

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 Utilization of
Affecting Artificial Fertilizers
Artificial Fertilizer
Degradation

Decreasing Soil fertility

Loss soil matter

Loss ecological

Figure 2.1 Conceptual frame works of the Hypothesized Factors that Influence the Utilization
artificial fertilizer practice in the Study area.

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 CHAPTER THREE

DATA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Description of the study area

3.1.1 Location
Mechara Keble will be the rural Keble found in Hawa Gelan woreda. The study area has
relative location is located in the west part of Dambi Dollo town and also in the north
direction of Gidaami woreda and in the west direction of Hawa Gelan woreda and the east
direction is Chanka keble. The absolute location of latitudinal and longitudinal of Machara
Keble in Hawa Gelan Woreda will be 8 o 41’30``N latitude and 340 58`30``E in longitudinal
with 1570-meter elevation. The study will be conduct in Mechara kebele which found in
Kellem Wollega zone mechara kebele located 613 from Addis Ababa and 43km Dambi Dollo
to the east (Hawa Gelan Woreda rural development office 2018).

Source .GISLAB (2018)

Figure 3.1 Location of Map of the study area of Mechara District Hawa Gelan Woreda

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3.1.2 Climate Condition of study area
The climate of Mechara Keble will be kola. The minimum and maximum annual averages
temperature of the Keble 19–32-degree Cellicous and the average rain fall amount of the
Keble ranges between 800-1500 millimeters. The seasonal rain fall pattern that extends from
the first rain period June and July and the second rain season August the reaches and warmest
months will December to march (Hawa Gelan Woreda metrology agency 2018).

3.1.3 Topography
Topography refers to the feature of land surface. The common features of the study area plain and
hill surface. The study area wide coverage plain from the relief feature the following plain and hill.
The average altitude of the study area will be below 1570 mean above sea level (woreda agricultural
office 2018).

3.1.4 Soil type

The area will dominate soil red soil cover. The soil will be fertile and suitable for crop and
farming production especially for maize, sorghum, teff, etc. will very productive. But it will
very sensitive for erosion agent, land degradation which will be easily dislocate and move by
water droplet and any run off because it has pore and easily to transport. (Source Woreda
agricultural office, 2018).

3.1.5 Vegetation
The dominant types of vegetation found in the study area will be eucalyptus (Bahirzaf),
grasslands, and mango etc. This vegetation will be used for the purposes of construction, fire
wood and income. (Source Woreda agriculture office, 2018).

3.1.6 Population
The total populations that live in the study area, mechara Keble, will be1049 with 529 will be
male and 520 will female. The major types of religious followers in the study area will
Muslims and a few Christianity. The dominant religious will Muslim about 75% of the total
number of the total population and about 25% of Christianity of the total number of the
population (woreda agricultural office 2018).

3.1.7 Economic activity

The population of Mechara Keble will be mostly engaged by agricultures and trade. The crop
cultivation in the Keble comprises maize, sorghum, teff, khat, nug, coffee and other cereal.
Generally, in this Keble also economic activity depend on mixed farming of the cattle rearing

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and crop produced. Cattle breading will be supporting to produce natural fertilizer and
activity of the society to their practice of crop production. (woreda agricultural office, 2018).

3.2 Research methodology of the study

3.2.1 Research design

Descriptive research design will be employed for this study area. The researcher will utilize
both quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaires will collect from the respondents
will be treated in quantitative approach and interview, field observation and questionnaires
data will be analyzed in qualitatively. The quantitative parts used the questionnaires to
assessing the impact of artificial fertilizer on agricultural productivity in study area. Whereas
the qualitative part used in interviews population. This design also to describe analysis and
interpreted mature of the problem under study based on data collected from primary and
secondary source.

3.2.2 Data sources

The relevant data source used for this study will be both primary and secondary source.

3.2.2 Primary data source

Primary data will be used to generate information about utilization of artificial fertilizer
though use of questionnaires and interview. Questionnaire the data which instrument involve
close ended and open-ended question would basically contract and employ to generate data
household, of farmers owners, and interview would generate the researcher interview
characteristics by open ended questionnaire for the respondent of farmers in the study area.

3.2.2.2 Secondary data source

The, secondary data source would obtain from various relate researches, journals, books
working papers, and census report. These secondary data would access mainly through soft
copies, over the internet, but hard copies found in Keble office and library would use.

3.3 Sampling Techniques and sample size determination

3.3.1 Sampling Techniques

In this study area Mechara Keble will be selected by using purposive sampling techniques by
the researcher because of our experience to the problem of utilization artificial fertilizer and
its nearest from the University.

Purposive sample techniques of the study of mechara Keble artificial fertilizer utilization in
Hawa Gelan woreda selected from other Keble with collected data through will be detailed

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utilization in study with in manageable small part of the population. The reason will be
selected mechara Keble from others will exist impact of artificial fertilizer utilization.
Qualitative techniques will also use to analysis qualitative data which Strengthen the
quantitative data.

3.3.2 Sampling size

In the study area has 232 households. From these 174 will male and 58 will female head
households. Based on the time and budget consideration we applied the Kothari (2004)
formula to determine the sample size of our respondents as follows: -

2
z p.q. N
N= 2 2
e ( N−1 )+ z p . q

Where N = population size

e = acceptance error (0.1) in our case

Z scope= 1.96

n = Sample size

p+q=1 q = p-1

P = population reliability (frequency estimated for sample size)

2
(1.96) ∗0.3∗0.7∗232
Thus, our sample size will n= 2 2 ❑
(0.1) ( 232−1 ) + ( 1.96 ) (0.3∗0.7)

187.1628
=60
3.1167

n=60

Accordingly, a total of 60 samples will select proportionally in mechara Keble by using

(Kothari; 2004) formula.

3.4 Data collection instrument

3.4.1 Observation
Direct field observation encompassed visited of utilization of inorganic and organic fertilizer,
topography, vegetation covered, settlement pattern and the over all aspects of crop production of

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the study area. Will proposal opinion based on their visit of the study area will be included in the
analysis? questionnaires, interview and observation

3.4.2 Questionnaires
The researcher will be used both open ended and close ended questionnaire to obtained
information from select samples of 60 households from study area. Using this method, house
hold demographic characteristics, house hold socio economic characteristics, issues related to
artificial fertilizer problem, utilization and the existing challenges to crop productivity and
measures to be taken to improve will be obtained.

3.4.3. Interview
A key informant interview is particularly important in getting information pertinent to
through such instrument, information regarding the views of experts from Hawa Gelan
Wored agriculture and rural development office and community elders of the respective
sample Keble will be collecting.

3.5 Methods of Data Analysis

The data collection through questionnaire, interview and observation will analysis and
interpret by using quantitative and qualitative method. The data gather from respondents in
the form of closed ended questionnaire will analysis through the quantitative techniques by
using table, graph, and percentage and the collected from respondents in the form of open-
ended questionnaire and interview will analysis through qualitative method in statements.

3.6 Budget plan and Time plan

The activity involved through the budget given will be accomplished to the following table.

Activity Year 2023 G.C

November December Jun July

1 Title Selection

2 Proposal preparation

3 Proposal submission

4 Proposal modification

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5 Prepare questionnaires and
printing of tools

6 Collecting data

7 Summarization of data

8 Writing research report

9 Data analysis

10 Organizing and printing

11 Final submission

paper presentation

Budget Allocation
The expected expense of the study is shown below.

Table: 1.1 Budget Allocations

NO Materials Quantity Unit cost(Birr) Total Cost Cents

1 Paper 1 pack 500 180 00

2 Pen 2 600 30 00

3 Mobile card 5 15 75 00

4 Flash(16GB) 1 500 500 00

5 Transport cost 1 1000 1000 00

6 Food and 6 50 600 00

Beverages

7 Printing and 3 25 75 00
Binder

8 Questionnaire 3 10 30 00

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 translation

Total 2490 00 birr

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 Reference

Hawa Gelan Woreda metrology agency 2018.

Hawa Gelan Woreda rural development office 2018.

Berhanu near (2003) Ethiopia Economics Association (ECA/EEPR) research report on

land future and Agriculture development in Ethiopia, India

Ethiopian Economic Association volume VI (2006/07) Addis Ababa

Ethiopia. Ethiopia food 2012 / Authors, based on information collected from MOARD.

Https//en. M Wikipedia. Org. organic fertilizer .14/ 03/2018.

Kastunori.s. (2003) sustainable and environmental found land use in rural area use special
attention to land degradation, APFED.

Keble Administrative office. (2018).

Kothari. (2004)

LIU.YU.ZH ANG.J.b and DU.J.(2009)factor affecting reduction of fertilizer application by

farmer

Phat Chandra.2011 Negative impact of chemical fertilizer on Agricultural land and soil
degradation, ROYAL University of phenomena

Source. GISLAB(2018) (2018).Tesfaye ligands Worknesh Tolu 2005.mega published

enterprises AddisAbaba student text book.

WWWagro. Service international-com/Eo . problem with fertilizer 01/012018.

www.en;fttc;org;tw/htm/arae-file.characteristics of fertilizer .01/01/2018.

WWW.eocycopedia. Com agriculture, horticulture fertilizer facts 14/02/2018.

WWW healthy wyze.org.posetive and negative on soil use and inorganic

fertilizer.26/02/2018.

WWW Made who. Definitions and Concept of fertilizer 26/02/2018.

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WWW Ifpri.org/role of fertilizer-transform agriculture 26/02/2018.

Part one; Target questions

1. Have you used fertilizer to increase productivity? ☐Yes ☐ No
2. If your answer in question number, 1, is “yes” what type of fertilizer you will be used?
☐ Fertilizer ☐ Natural fertilizer ☐ Dap
☐Urea ☐ Urea and dap
3 .Why you would use fertilizer?
☐ to increase productivity ☐ to regulate land fertility ☐, Lack of land other

4. How much land you have in hectare

☐ below 1 ha ☐, 1-2 C, above 3
5. How much fertilizer you have used in each hectare?
☐ <25KG ☐ 25-50KG ☐ 50-100KG ☐ > 100KG
6. What are the factors that use in fertilizer?
☐ Lack of purchasing capacity ☐ Lack of knowledge☐ Negative impact of fertilizer
7. What is the major factor that affects you to use fertilizer?
☐ Lack of supply ☐ Lack of transport ☐ Lack of credit service
8. Is there any problem since you have using fertilizer?
☐ Yes ☐ NO
9. How Mach amount of crop you produce through fertilizer use in each hectare?
☐ 5 quintal ☐ 6-10 quintal ☐ 10-15 quintal ☐ above 15 quintal
10. How can used describe the market supply and distribution of fertilizer?
☐ Sufficient ☐ insufficient ☐ over sufficient ☐ very in sufficient
11. How can you described market price of fertilizer in relation to the product what it gives?
☐ Balance ☐ profitable ☐ unprofitable
12. How much amount of crop did you produce when you didn’t use fertilizer?
☐ <5 quintal ☐ 6-10quintal ☐ 11-15 quintal ☐ >15 quintal
13. Do you the problem hadn’t used artificial fertilizer, what type of problem?
☐Declined of productive rate ☐ decline soil fertility and other
14. Is there in problem since you have using fertilizer ?
☐ Yes ☐ No
15. If you answer is ''yes'' what is the problem of fertilizer?
☐ depend of the land fertilizer ☐ deficient of due to drought and rainfall variability

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 ☐ Increment of fertilizer price ☐ other
16. How can describe the rate of production by using artificial fertilizer comperating use the
rate production without artificial fertilizer intern of output?
☐ high ☐ medium ☐ low ☐very high

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