SUMANA YEASMIN
CHAPTER 17: REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN
[0610/42/March/21]
1.(b) Fig. 1.2 shows two graphs representing:
• the relative blood concentrations of two hormones, A and B, released by the ovaries
during the menstrual cycle
• the thickness of the lining of the uterus.
SUMANA YEASMIN
(i) Describe the roles in the menstrual cycle of hormone A.
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(ii) State the day in Fig. 1.2 when ovulation is most likely to occur.
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(iii) State the days in Fig. 1.2 when the lining of the uterus is lost from the body.
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(c) The female contraceptive pill is a chemical method of birth control, which is available in
many
countries.
(i) Describe the social implications of the increased availability of the female contraceptive
pill.
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SUMANA YEASMIN
(ii) The hormones in the female contraceptive pill can enter rivers.
Describe the negative impacts of female contraceptive hormones entering rivers and
contaminating drinking water.
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(iii) State two barrier methods of contraception.
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2. (b) During pregnancy menstruation does not occur. [0610/42/M/J/21]
Fig. 1.2 shows some of the organs of a pregnant woman, viewed from the side
Fig: 1.2
SUMANA YEASMIN
Describe what happens between ovulation and the formation of a fetus.
Use the letters in Fig. 3.2 to support your answer.
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3 Fig. 3.1 shows the changes in the concentrations of the hormones FSH and LH during a
menstrual cycle. [0610/42/O/N/21]
SUMANA YEASMIN
(a) (i) Suggest the target organ for FSH.
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(ii) State how FSH reaches its target organ.
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(iii) Describe the relationship shown by the two hormones in Fig. 3.1.
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(b) Describe the roles of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle.
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(c) Describe the changes that occur in the lining of the uterus during one menstrual cycle.
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SUMANA YEASMIN
(d) Oral contraceptives are a method of birth control taken by women.
Outline how the hormones in contraceptives act as a method of birth control.
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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph showing the fertilisation of one human egg cell.
Describe and explain the adaptations of the cells shown in Fig. 2.1 that enable fertilisation
and early development of the embryo to occur.
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SUMANA YEASMIN
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(b) People can use artificial insemination (AI) or in vitro fertilisation (IVF) to increase their
chance of becoming pregnant.
(i) Outline the process of artificial insemination.
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(ii) Outline how the process of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) differs from artificial insemination
(AI).
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SUMANA YEASMIN
(iii) Describe the social implications of fertility treatments.
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[0610/42/M/J/20]
2 . Pregnancy can occur after the fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete.
(a) State the name of the ball of cells that implants into the uterus after fertilisation.
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(b) There are many changes that occur in a fetus during pregnancy.
Compare the development of a fetus in the early stages of pregnancy to its development in
the late stages of pregnancy.
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(b) Describe the functions of amniotic fluid and the amniotic sac.
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SUMANA YEASMIN
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(d) The umbilical artery is found in the umbilical cord. This artery transports blood away from
the heart of the fetus.
The umbilical artery is unusual because it transports deoxygenated blood.
(i) State the name of one other artery in the mother that transports deoxygenated blood.
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(ii) State one excretory product that is transported from the fetus to the placenta.
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(iii) State the name of the process that allows substances to move down a concentration
gradient across the placenta.
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[0610/41/M/J/19]
4. (a) Table 4.1 shows four structures associated with the human male reproductive system.
Complete Table 4.1 by identifying the level of organisation of each structure.
Choose your answers from the list.
cell cell structure organ
organ system organism tissue
Table 4.1
Structure Level of organization
Epithelium
Nucleus
Sperm
Testis
[4]
SUMANA YEASMIN
(b) Fig. 4.1 shows the male reproductive system.
Fig: 4.1
Table 4.2 shows information about the male reproductive system shown in Fig. 4.1.
Complete Table 4.2.
Table 4.2
name of structure function letter in Fig. 4.1
testis
transports sperm but not urine
tube for urine and seminal fluid
through the penis
prostate gland
contains the testes
(c) Draw an X on Fig. 4.1 on the structure where meiosis occurs. [1]
(d) Sperm and eggs each have a nucleus which is haploid.
SUMANA YEASMIN
(i) Define the term haploid nucleus.
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(ii) State the number of chromosomes in a human haploid nucleus.
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[Total: 12]
