COLLEGE OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT

BACHELOR OF SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS ( HONS )

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING

(GLS615)

LAB 3

PREPARED FOR:
SR. Abdul Aziz Bin AB Rahman
DR. Nafisah Binti Khalid

PREPARED BY: (Group 13)

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

SADEN JOAN RAYMOND CHRISTIAN 2022440728

MUHAMMAD HAKIMI BIN MOHD JUNAIDI 2022745389

SUBMISSION DATE:
11 JANUARY 2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

1.1
Objective.........................................................................................................................................
...
1.2 Instrumentation........................................................................................

CHAPTER II. THEORY

2.1 Data Provided..................................................................................................................

2.1.1
Procedure..............................................................................................................................

CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS & RESEARCH

3.1 Result ………………………………………………………………………………..

3.1.2 Individual Comment………………………………………………………

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

An accurate link between the coordinate system of the image and a specified datum
and projection on the ground can be established mathematically through the process of aerial
triangulation. Aerial triangulation's major goal is to create photogrammetric models from
ground control points and any other necessary points, ensuring that each model may be
precisely oriented as needed for stereopair compilation in either orthophoto or line mapping.
All picture overlaps are used during the procedure, along with a limited number of reference
points. Aerial triangulation primarily consists of three stages, the first of which is
preparation. This includes identifying ground control locations, numbering points,
photographs, and strips, as well as providing flight information such photo coordinates,
camera calibration, and scanned or digital photos. Second, interior orientation is crucial to
connecting an aerial image to the ground item that is measured using fiducial markers by
cameras. After relative orientation, block adjustment, which includes an algorithm for error
detection and propagation, is performed.

OBJECTIVE

 To become more familiar with the use of analytical tools in the aerial triangulation
process.

 Become comfortable to using Photomode Lite to edit aerial photos.

 To have the ability to do the Interior orientation, Relative orientation, and Block
adjustment.

 To provide information on how photogrammetric surveying is carried out.

INSTRUMENTATION

 PHOTOMOD Lite 5.0

 Dell Latitude 3420
 Aeriel Photo (6 stripes)
DATA PROVIDED

Ground Control Points Coordinate =

NAME X Y Z
GCP 1 297357.7 464674.2 3.078

GCP 2 297419.7 464723.3 3.526

GCP 3 297471.3 464670.2 3.588

GCP 4 297412.7 464611.2 3.502

GCP 5 297528.1 464615.8 2.979

GCP 6 297463.3 464551.6 2.79

GCP 7 297502.5 464603.8 3.586

GCP 8 297541.6 464561.8 3.169

GCP 9 297468.2 464528.7 3.088

PROCEDURE

1. Launch Photomod 5.0 lite first. Photomod basic setup will display, allowing you to
connect the folder to the project folder. Set the folder containing all the aerial pictures
for this assignment into Lab 4. then press OK.

2. Following the appearance of the Project management window, click Create a New Project
to begin work, and a new window will then emerge.
3. Complete the project's name and description. Check the central projection according to
the project type, then choose the project's coordinate system. Finally, select the Lab 4
folder directory as the project placement by clicking the placement button. Click OK
once the form has been filled out completely.

4. To add the six aerial photo photos, select Add Strip from the PHOTOMOD Menu and
click Block on the general Tab. A new Strip window will open; simply select "Strip 1"
and click OK. Then, since each strip has 6 unique photographs and 3 aerial photos, add
another strip called "Strip 2."

5. After choosing the first strip, go to Block > Add Images on the general Tab. Then, locate
the first three pictures for Strip1 (L14eph30i, L14eph31i, and L14eph32i) on the same
flight line. Navigate to the picture folder directory, then open the three images. They will
appear in a list window where they can be converted and then opened in a viewer. Wait
for the procedure to finish before converting the photographs. The viewer will see a
different strip if you repeat the same step for a different strip for L15eph9i, L14eph10i,
and L14eph11i. Once the entire aerial shot has been converted, check to make sure the
photo sequence is accurate. If the photographs are not in the proper order,verify the photo
sequence is accurate once all of the aerial photos have been converted. If the photos'
order is off, you can reposition them by selecting the Move Images button under Block
on the General Tab and dragging them up, down, right, or left in the strip.
6. Select Manage Camera from the Orientation Tab and choose Interior Orientation to
begin the Interior Orientation of photographs taken with a film camera. A window to
manage the project camera will then appear.
7. After entering all of the mark coordinates, click Apply and then OK. Next, utilise the
PHOTOMOD tools to determine the internal orientation. Check the Project State or the
report to see if the process is complete.

8. Proceed to discuss relative orientation. Using Automatic Tie Point Measurement, the set
of tie points at the overlapping images may be measured both manually and
automatically.

9. The ground control point should then be precisely located on the aerial image. Using the
Triangulation points window's GCP list tab or button. Enter the name and coordinate
(XYZ) value by clicking add new GCP. Plot all of the GCP after completing the
previous phase.
10. Once all 63 tie points and the GCP point have been constructed, perform the Automatic
Tie Point Measurement to check the tie points' accuracy during image matching and fix
the tie extraction issue.

11. Begin the procedure and wait for it to be completed. According on the setting or
parameter we established before, some points are being corrected, added, or eliminated
during the procedure. To check for residual points or other errors in the strips as soon as
the operation is complete, the Relative Orientation are generated.

12. Then, carry out the block adjustment. At the Adjustment menu, click the Block
Adjustment button. Click the compute button to carry out block adjustment when
a window appears. When the process is finished, click Report.
13. Check the Project State to see if all necessary steps have been taken.
RESULT

 Interior orientation report :

 In strip report :
 Block Adjustment Report

 Project State Report

INDIVIDUAL COMMENT

MUHAMMAD HAKIMI BIN MOHD JUNAIDI (2022745389)

I gain knowledge of aerial triangulation in this lab. Interior, relative, and external
steps were necessary for this lab. For instance, we must perform the tie point in
relative. This data tie point allows us to simply compute the survey work we need to
do. In this experiment, we needed 16 tie points for one model because the least tie
point is 5, but more is better for the long run. We must include our GCP point after
completing all of the tie points before making the block adjustment. The error or poor
tie point will be reduced by the block modification. Automatic calculation will result
in a report that will grade the quality of the effort. Last but not least, I would want to
express my gratitude to my lab partner and to my lecturer for their willingness to
teach and direct us to this lab. I'm grateful.
SADEN JOAN RAYMOND CHRISTIAN (2022440728)

As I go through the process of aerial triangulation, I realise that it is not as simple as I

thought because there are so many factors to consider that affect the accuracy of the
output product, such as RMS error, tie point number, tie point scattering throughout
the stereopair images, the accuracy of the GCP point when running the Bundle
Adjustment, and so on. This aerial triangulation lab has given me a better
understanding of photogrammetric concepts such as Interior Orientation, Relative
Orientation, and Block Adjustment. One of the most difficult aspects of processing
the aerial photo is locating the error y-parallax of a tie point or GCP point among the
300+ other points and editing those points to minimise the error on the Relative
orientation report. Similar to the Block Adjustment report, we must edit the GCP
point if the RMS error for each of them is greater. There is no other option but to edit,
delete, and recreate the GCP points. If digital stereo plotter is this difficult, I'm not
sure how people manage to perform analytical stereo plotter on large numbers of
aerial photos.
CONCLUSION

The result of this experiment is to know how to use one software that is needed in the
making of Ground Control Points, and also let us to learn about strategy of how to put
tie points based on the characteristics explained. Aerial triangulation is a key phase
for aerial photography. It is the process of orienting an image in order to reduce error,
calibrate, and enhance it into better shape. Aerial triangulation on a mosaicked aerial
image can produce a better end result.Furthermore, human power can be reduced in
order to complete this task. However, with all of the technology, users will have less
skill in manually completing the process, and the number of jobs will also decrease.