PRESENT PERFECT

The present perfect describes a situation that began in past

and continues until present.
The present perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb
have + the past participle. The auxiliary verb have can
contract with the subject pronoun, whereas the verb have
cannot contract with the subject pronoun.

The past participle of all regular verbs and some irregular

verbs is the same as the past tense form.

Can you swim? Can Julie draw? Can Charlie drive trucks?
Yes. I have swum for Yes. She has drawn Yes. He has driven
many years for many years trucks for m,any years

Can you speak French? Can Gwen fly airplanes? Can Ed and Jim
Yes. I have spoken French Yes. He has flown airplanes take inventory? Yes.
for many years for many years they have taken inventory
for many years
 PRESENT PERFECT

Yes/No questions with yet express the

expectation that something has happened
before now. The word YET is always at the
END of the question.

The present perfect tense is used when

describing an action that occurred at some
unspecified time in the past or when the
action is not yet complete. The simple past is
used when describing a completed action that
Have you gone to the post office yet?
took place at a specified time in the past
Has Dan given out the paychecks? Yes, he has-
Yes, I have. I went to the He gave out the paychecks
post office a little while ago a little while ago

Have you and Susan taken a

Have you done room 24 yet?
break yet?
Yes, I have. I did Room 24
Yes, we have, We took a break a little while ago a little while ago
 PRESENT PERFECT

When the present perfect tense is used

with FOR and SINCE, it describes a
situation that began in the past and
continues until the present.
FOR is followed by a length of time.
SINCE is followed with an specific point
in past.

How long has Mr Martinez

How long have you and your husband How long have you had a toothache? been in the hospital?
been married? I have had a toothache since He has been in the hospital
We have been married for ten years ten o´clock this morning since last week

How long have you known

How long have your parents owned this car? How long has Irene had a each other? We have known
They have owned this car for thirty-two years british accent? She has had each other since 2001
a british accent since she moved to
London
 PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
The present perfect continuous tense is formed with
the auxiliary verb have + the present participle (the -ing
form of the verb). The auxiliary verb have/has is usually
contracted in informal language.

The present perfect continuous tense is associated with

a period of time beginning in the past and
CONTINUING UP until the PRESENT.
HOw long have you
been studying?
Unlike the present perfect, the present perfect How long has Henry been waiting fot the bus? I have been studying How long has Mrs McGee been working

continuous cannot be used to describe an event which

He has been waiting since 8 o¨clock. for five hours here? She has been working here
for thirty-five years

has ended or has been completed.

 PAST PERFECT

The past perfect tense is formed with had plus

the past participle of the verb.
The past perfect is used to refer to actions or
events that occurred before a particular point
in the past

No. she didn´t want to. No I didn´t want to. I had gone dancing the night before
She had driven to the beach the weekend before

No, he didn´t want to. He had made pancakes No, they didn´t want to. They had had peanut butter
the morning before and jelly sandwiches for lunch the day before
 PAST PERFECT

The time expression BY THE TIME

establishes a point in time before which
something occurred.

Did Mr and Mrs Slater

get to themplay on time?
Did you get to the plane on time? No, they didn´t.
Did Vicky get to the bank on time? By the time they got to the play
No I didn´t. By the time I got to the plane
No she didn´t. By the time she got it had already started
It had already taken off.
to the bank, it had already closed
 PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

The past perfect continuous tense is formed

with had been plus the present participle (the
-ing form) of the verb

The past perfect continuous refers to events

or actions that occurred before a particular
point in the PAST and like other continuous
tenses, the past perfect continuous FOCUSES
on the DURATION of activity.