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Past Perfect Simple and Continuous

The document discusses the past perfect tense and past perfect continuous tense in English grammar. [1] The past perfect tense is formed using the past tense of "have" plus the past participle of the main verb and is used to refer to an event that occurred before another past event. [2] The past perfect continuous tense is formed using "had been" plus the present participle of the main verb and refers to an action or state that was ongoing or in progress up until some point in the past. [3] Both tenses are used to clarify the order of two past events or states.

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263 views3 pages

Past Perfect Simple and Continuous

The document discusses the past perfect tense and past perfect continuous tense in English grammar. [1] The past perfect tense is formed using the past tense of "have" plus the past participle of the main verb and is used to refer to an event that occurred before another past event. [2] The past perfect continuous tense is formed using "had been" plus the present participle of the main verb and refers to an action or state that was ongoing or in progress up until some point in the past. [3] Both tenses are used to clarify the order of two past events or states.

Uploaded by

Misaha مساحة
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE FORM

The past perfect of any verb is composed of two


elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to
have (past tense), plus the past participle of the main
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE verb.

Affirmative
Subject had past
She had participle
visited.
Negative
Subject had + not past
She had not participle
visited. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST
Interrogative (hasn't) PERFECT TENSE:
Had subject past
Had she participle
visited?
Negative interrogative
Had not subject past
Hadn't she participle
visited?
Event A Event B
FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST PERFECT
John had gone out when I arrived in the of ce.
The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before Event A Event B
now. It is used to make it clear that one event I had saved my document before the computer crashed.
happened before another in the past. It does not
matter which event is mentioned first - the tense Event B Event A
makes it clear which one happened first. When they arrived we had already started cooking.
Event B Event A
He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

PAST PERFECT + JUST

'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was
only a short time earlier than before now,

I had just put the washing out when it started to rain. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
She had just left the room when the police arrived.

fi
THE FORM
The past perfect continuous is composed of two
elements : the past perfect of the verb of to be (had
been), plus the present participle of the main verb
(BASE+ING). THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PAST
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
Subject had been base+ing

She had been swimming

This form is also used in reported speech. It is the equivalent


of the past continuous and the present perfect continuous in
direct speech:

The past perfect continuous corresponds to the present perfect


continuous, but with reference to a time earlier than 'before
now'. As with the present perfect continuous, we are more
interested in the process. • Janesaid, "I have been gardening all afternoon." = Jane
said she had been gardening all afternoon.

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