PHY098

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SERWAY VUILLE, COLLEGE PHYSICS, 11TH EDITION

TUTORIAL 13 – Chapter 28, 29, 30

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ)

1. An element can be written in this form 𝐴𝑍 𝑋 .Choose the correct answer for each symbol.
A. A = atomic number, Z = mass number, X = element
B. A = element, Z = mass number, X = atomic number
C. A = atomic number, Z = element, X = mass number
D. A = mass number, Z = atomic number, X = element

2. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is

A. the division of mass number and atomic number.
B. the difference between mass number and atomic number.
C. the multiplication of mass number and atomic number
D. the total of mass number and atomic number

3. The elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is
known as
A. Isotopes
B. Fusion
C. Fission
D. Twin

4. We use the Unified mass unit, u because it is defined from

A. the mass of one element of the isotope 12C which is exactly 12 u
B. the mass of one electron of the isotope 12C which is exactly 12 u
C. the mass of one atom of the isotope 12C which is exactly 12 u
D. the mass of one neutron of the isotope 12C which is exactly 12 u

5. _________ is the energy that must be added to a nucleus to break it apart into its separated
neutrons and protons.
A. Cohesive energy
B. Formation energy
C. Binding energy
D. Nuclear

6. λ is called the decay constant, and it determines

A. the time at which the material will decay.
B. the rate at which the material will decay.
C. the number of nuclei in the sample.
D. the activity of the decay process.

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7. Choose the correct answer.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Figure 1 Figure 2
A. Rutherford’s planetary model of an atom Thomson’s model of an atom
B. Hans Geiger’s model of an atom Ernest Marsden’s planetary model of
an atom
C. Thomson’s model of an atom Rutherford’s planetary model of an
atom
D. Ernest Marsden’s planetary model of an Hans Geiger’s model of an atom
atom

8. According to the Bohr model, which of the following is incorrect?

A. Electron moves under the influence of the Coulomb force of attraction
B. Only certain electron orbits are stable and allowed
C. Electrons release energy when shifting from the excited state to a ground state
D. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed circular orbits

9. Match the following statements accordingly:

i. When nucleus undergoes this type of

radioactive decay, the daughter nucleus has the Alpha decay
same number of nucleons as the parent
nucleus, but the atomic number is changed by 1

ii. Nuclei are often in an excited state following

radioactive decay, and then release their extra Beta decay
energy by emitting a high energy photon

iii. Radioactive decay in which a nucleus emits an

alpha particle (He) and loses two protons and Gamma decay
two neutrons.

Structured Questions

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Chapter 28

1. A photon is emitted when a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from the n = 5 state to
the n = 3 state. Calculate (a) the wavelength (b) the frequency and (c) the energy (in
electron volts) of the emitted photon.
Answer: (a) 1281 nm, (b) 2.34 x 1014 Hz, (c) 0.970 eV

Chapter 29

2. Find the radius of a nucleus of (a) 42𝐻𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑏) 238

92𝑈
Answer: (a) 1.9 fm, (b) 7.4 fm

3. The atomic mass of an oxygen atom is 15.999 u. Convert this mass to units
(a) kilogram
(b) MeV/c2
Answer: (a) 2.66 x 10-26 kg, (b) 1.49 x 104 MeV/c2

4. Find the average binding energy per nucleon of

(a) 24
12𝑀𝑔 and
(b) 85
37𝑅𝑏
Answer: (a) 8.26 MeV/ nucleon, (b) 8.70 MeV/ nucleon
99
5. A drug tagged with 43 𝑇𝑐 (half-life = 6.05 hr) is prepared for a patient. If the original activity
of the sample was 1.1 x104 Bq, what is its activity after it has been on the shelf for 2.0 h?
Answer: 8.7 x 103 Bq

6. A freshly prepared sample of a certain radioactive isotope has an activity of 10 mCi. After
4.00 h, the activity is 8.00 mCi.
(a) Find the decay constant and half-life of the isotope.
(b) How many atoms of the isotope were contained in the freshly prepared sample?
(c) What is the sample’s activity 30 h after it is prepared?
Answer: (a) 5.58 x 10-2 h-1, 12.4h, (b) 2.39 x 1013 nuclei, (c) 1.9mCi

238
7. Find the energy released in the alpha decay of 92 U . The following mass value will be
234
useful: Th has a mass of 234.043583u.
90
Answer: 4.28 MeV
66 66
8. 28 Ni (mass = 65.9291u) undergoes beta decay to Cu (mass = 65.9289u).
29
(a) Write the complete decay formula for this process.
(b) Find the maximum kinetic energy of the emerging electrons.
Answer: (b) 0.186 MeV

Chapter 30

9. Find the energy released in the fission reaction

Answer: 126 MeV

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10. Find the energy released in the fusion reaction.

Answer: 5.49 MeV

Additional Questions

1. The age of any object made from once-living matter such as wood, can be determined
using the natural radioactivity of 146𝐶 .This technique is used by comparing the present
activity, R with the initial activity to obtain the age as the activity of a sample is proportional
to the number of radioactive nuclei. Identify this technique.

2. Complete the following decay processes by determining A, Z and X for each process
214 210 𝐴
i) 84𝑃𝑜 → 82𝑃𝑏 + 𝑍𝑋
210 210 𝐴
ii) 81𝑇𝐼 → 82𝑃𝑏 + 𝑍𝑋

3. Uranium 236 228

92𝑈 continues producing a set of radioactive daughter nucleus until radium 88𝑅𝑎
is reached. Show the decay equations and find the total number of alpha, α particles that
are generated in this series of radioactive decays.

4. An electron in hydrogen absorbs a photon and jumps to a higher orbit.

(PAST YEARS 2012).
(a) Find the energy the photon must have if the initial state is n = 3 and the final state is
n = 5.
(b) If the initial state was n = 5 and the final state n = 7, would the energy of the photon be
greater, less than or the same as that found in part (a)? Explain.
(c) Calculate the photon energy for part (b).
Answer: (a) 0.967 eV, (c) 0.266 eV

Prepared by Pn A’bir Wardati, Dr Fadiatul Hasinah, Dr Hartini, Pn Nur’Ain. 4