Physics: 4th Quarter ● Made up of electrical

components
Electricity and Circuits ● Arrangement of materials or
Electricity components to create a path
- A form energy that will where the electrons can flow to
compose of charges that can make the fan and bulb
produce light, heat, or motion functionload
- Everything is made of atoms ○ Load - bulb, fan, etc
which contain pisitivive ○ Conductor/wire
particles called protons and ○ Source/cell - batteries
negative charges call electrons ○ Switch
- Includes charges:
- protons - positive charge
- electrons - negative Load
charge, they are the only - The material that will recieve
one who can travel from the electrons
one point to another - The component of the
- neutrons - neutral electrical circuit that will use
charge the electrical energy
- The component of electric
Flow of Charges circuit that convert electrical
Electrons energy to other forms
- Only subatomic particles can Wire
move from one object to - Pathway of the electrons
another - Connects the voltage source
- The charge that will flow so we and the load
can have a circuit Source
The object bwcome negatively charge - Supply electrical energy
- The Addition of electron to the - Makes the current move around
charge of an object the circuit
The object become Positivily charge Switch
- When electrical charge is - Responsible for closing and
removed opening the circuit
- Open means the load will not
How charges Interect function and if it is closed it will
Repel function
- Two object with the same
charge come into contact
Attract
- Two object with different
charges come into contact Circuit Diagrams
Pictorial diagram
- You are using the actual picture
Electric circuit of th components in the
● When you connect a electric electrical circuit
fan to a outlet, it is an example Schematic diagram
of an electric circuit - When the circuit is presented in
● A switch to a light bulb is also symbols
an example
 Common Symbols used
Bulb: Alternating Current
- The source is the powerplant
- The electron in a current flow
back and forth
coulomb
- Represented as C
- Unit for elctrical Charge
Resistor: Amperes
- Unit for Coulomb over second ir
C/s
- Represented as A
1 dry cell (battery): Ammeter
- Intrument used to measure
electric current

2 dry cell (battery): Note:

● The charge of an electron is 1.6
x 10^-19C
9 ● The greater the charge the
3 dry cell (battery): greater the flow
● Formulas:
● N= q/e- or q= Ne-
● I=q/t
Socket or outlet: ● q=It

Solving
Switch: 1) q = 40C
t= 80s
soln:
I= 40C I=0.5C/s or 0.5 A
80S
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Electric Current 2) I= 6A
- Number of electron flowing at a t=3s
given time Soln:
- The continuous flow of electric N= q
charges e
- The rate of the.flow of charge Q N= 18C
through A cross-sec in a given 1.6x 10^-19C
time T N= 1.13x10^20 electrons
- Represented as “I” -------------------------------------
Convectional Current q=It C/s
- The electron in a current flow q=6A(3s)
from positive to negative q=18C
- The source is the battery or a •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
dry cell
 3) t= 30s
N=4x10^22 electrons Conductors
soln: - Good conducters has lesser
I= q resistance
t Insulators
=6400C - They do not allow the electrons
30S to flow
------------------------------------ - Good insulators mean higher
q=Ne resistance
q=4x19^22 electrons (1.6x10^-19C)
q=6400C Solving
1) Given: V= 120V
Voltage R= 18ohm
- It is the energy per charge I=?
- The one that makes the soln:
electrons move I= V
- Electromotive force and R
potential difference simply I=120V
means Voltage 18ohm
- Represented as volts V I=6.67A
- In honor to Alssendro Volta
2) Given: I=14A
Electromotive force (emf) R=4 oHm
- The transfer of energy in the V=?
charge within the source Soln:
Potential difference or (pd) V=IR
- The transfer of energy in a V=14A (4ohm)
charge within the load V=56V

Resistance 3) Given: I=0.6A

- The ability of a wire to stop or V= 110V
resist the flow of electrons in a R=?
circuit Soln:
- Represented as Ohm R=V
- Ohmmeter - the device ysed to I
measure resistance R=110V
- George simon ohm 0.6A
studied about resistance R=183.33ohm
- According ohms law,
voltage is directly
proportional to electric
current (V/I = R)
- Another formula for
elctric current according
to Ohms Law (V=IR)
 Series Circuit
- Has only q path
- If one load burns out or is
removed, all loads will stop
working
- The voltage is shared between
each load, resulting in reduced
brightness
- Series circuit are cheap and
easy to construct
Formulas
- IT= I1= I2= I3….
- VT= V1+V2+V3
- RT= R1 + R2 + R3

Parallel Circuit
- Has more than 1 path
- If one load burns out or is
removed, all other loads will
continue working
- Each load recieves the full
voltage of the source, resulting
in all load burning at the same
brightness regardless of the
number of loads
- Parallel circuits require more
effort to construct
Formulas
- IT= I1 + I2 + I3…
- VT= V1=V2=V3
1 1 1 1
- RT= R + R + R

Solving
a) RT= R1 + R2
= 30ohm + 20 ohm
RT= 50 ohm
b) IT= VT
RT
= 120V
50ohm
IT=2.4 A
I1= 2.4 A
I2=2.4 A