PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON Gavrilut Dragos

Course 8
SOCKETS
Sockets are implemented through socket module in Python.
A socket object in Python has the same functions as a normal socket from C/C++:
accept, bind, close, connect, listen, recv, send, …
Besides this several other functions are available for domain translation, time outs, etc
Documentation for Python socket module can be found on:
o Python 3: https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html
SOCKETS
How to build a simple server/client in Python:
Python 3.x (Server)
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(("127.0.0.1",1234))
s.listen(1)
(connection, address) = s.accept()
print ("Connectd address:",address);
while True:
data = connection.recv(100).decode("UTF-8")
if not data: break
print("Received: ",data)
if "exit" in data: break
connection.close()
print ("Server closed")
SOCKETS
How to build a simple server/client in Python:
Python 3.x (Server)
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(("127.0.0.1",1234))
s.listen(1)
(connection, address) = s.accept()
print ("Connectd address:",address); Address and port
while True:
data = connection.recv(100).decode("UTF-8")
if not data: break
print("Received: ",data)
if "exit" in data: break
connection.close()
print ("Server closed")
SOCKETS
How to build a simple server/client in Python:
Python 3.x (Server)
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(("127.0.0.1",1234))
s.listen(1)
(connection, address) = s.accept()
maximum number of
print ("Connectd address:",address);
queued connections
while True:
data = connection.recv(100).decode("UTF-8")
if not data: break
print("Received: ",data)
if "exit" in data: break
connection.close()
print ("Server closed")
SOCKETS
How to build a simple server/client in Python:
Python 3.x (Server)
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(("127.0.0.1",1234))
s.listen(1)
(connection, address) = s.accept()
print ("Connectd address:",address); Number of bytes to read
while True:
data = connection.recv(100).decode("UTF-8")
if not data: break
print("Received: ",data)
if "exit" in data: break
connection.close()
print ("Server closed")
SOCKETS
How to build a simple server/client in Python:
Python 3.x (Server)
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(("127.0.0.1",1234))
s.listen(1)
Use .decode(“UTF-8”) to
(connection, address) = s.accept()
convert a byte array to a
print ("Connectd address:",address);
string. Encoding in this case
while True:
is done with UTF-8
data = connection.recv(100).decode("UTF-8")
if not data: break
print("Received: ",data)
if "exit" in data: break
connection.close()
print ("Server closed")
SOCKETS
How to build a simple server/client in Python:
Python 3.x (Client)
import socket,time

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("127.0.0.1",1234))
s.send(b"Mesaj 1")
time.sleep(1)
Output from the server
s.send(b"Mesaj 2")
Connectd address: ('127.0.0.1', 61266)
time.sleep(1) Received: Mesaj 1
s.send(b"exit") Received: Mesaj 2
s.close() Received: exit
Server closed
SOCKETS
Getting current system IP
Python 3.x
import socket
print (socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()))

Convert a host to an IP:

Python 3.x
Output
import socket
85.122.16.23
print (socket.gethostbyname('uaic.ro'))

Getting the name associated with an IP:

Python 3.x Output
import socket ('jad.uaic.ro', [],
print (socket.gethostbyaddr("85.122.16.7")) ['85.122.16.7'])
SOCKETS
Checking if a port is open:
Python 3.x (Client)
import socket

ip = "127.0.0.1"
ports = [20, 21, 23, 25, 80, 443, 530, 8080]
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
connect_ex returns
s.settimeout(3) #3 seconds timeout
an error code if the
for port in ports:
connection is not
if s.connect_ex((ip, port)) == 0:
possible. 0 means
print("Port ",port," is open")
no error.
else:
print("Port ",port," is closed")
URL MODULES
Python has several implementation for accessing the content of a URL.
These modules work in a similar way as wget or curl utilities (allowing one to
download the content of a web page).
These are very useful for creating crawlers or scrappers.

o Python 3: https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.html#module-urllib
 URLLIB MODULE
The following code extracts the name of the dean of our faculty.
Python 3.x
import urllib
from urllib import request
urlManagement = 'http://www.info.uaic.ro/bin/Structure/Management'

try:
response = urllib.request.urlopen(urlManagement).read()
text = response.decode("utf-8")
dn = text.split("class=strong>Decan</strong>:",1)[1].split("</span>",1)[0]
dean_name = dn.split("wikilink>",1)[1]
print ("Our dean is : ",dean_name)
except Exception as e:
print ("Error -> ",e)
FTP MODULE
Python has a module (ftplib) develop to enable working with FTP servers:
o Retrieve and store files
o Enumerate files from an FTP server
o Create folder on the FTP Server
o Support for password protected servers
o Support for custom FTP commands

Documentation
o Python 3: https://docs.python.org/3/library/ftplib.html
FTP MODULE
The following snippet lists all directories from ftp.debian.org from folder debian.
Python 3.x
from ftplib import FTP
#drwxr-sr-x 18 1176 1176 4096 Sep 17 09:55 dists
def parse_line(line): Output
if line.startswith("d"): 230 Login successful.
print (line.rsplit(" ",1)[1]) dists
try: doc
client = FTP("ftp.debian.org") indices
pool
res = client.login() project
print (res) tools
client.retrlines("LIST /debian/",parse_line) zzz-dists
client.quit()
except Exception as e:
print (e)
FTP MODULE
The following snippet downloads a file from a FTS server.
Python 3.x
from ftplib import FTP

cmdToDownload = "RETR /debian/extrafiles"

try:
client = FTP("ftp.debian.org")
res = client.login()
f = open("debian_extrafiles","wb")
client.retrbinary(cmdToDownload ,lambda buf: f.write(buf))
f.close()
client.quit()
except Exception as e:
print (e)
FTP MODULE
List of all supported FTP commands:
Command Description
FTP.connect Connect to a specified host on a specified port (default is 21)
FTP.login Specifies the user name and password for ftp login
FTP.retrlines Send a command to the FTP server and retrieves the results. The result is send line by line
to a callback function
FTP.storbinary Stores a file in a binary mode on the FTP server
FTP.retrbinary Retrieves a binary file from the server. A callback must be provided to write the binary
content.
FTP.rename Rename a file/folder from the server
FTP.delete Deletes a file from the server
FTP.rmd Deletes a folder from the server.
SMTP MODULE
Python has a module (smtp) develop to enable working with emails.
While for simple emails (a subject and a text) the smtp module is enough, for more
complex emails (attachment, etc) there is also another module (email.mime) that can
be use to create an email.
Documentation
o Python 3: https://docs.python.org/3/library/smtplib.html
o Python 3: https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.mime.html
SMTP MODULE
The following can be used to send an email.
Python 3.x
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
mail = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
mail.ehlo()
mail.starttls()
mail.login("<user_name>@gmail.com", "<Password>")
msg = MIMEText("My first email")
msg['Subject'] = "First email"
msg['From'] = "<user_name>@gmail.com"
msg['To'] = "<recipient email address>"
mail.sendmail("<from>", "<to>", msg.as_string())
mail.quit()
SMTP MODULE
For the previous snippet to work with gmail servers you need to activate “Access for
less secure apps” from you google account (
https://www.google.com/settings/security/lesssecureapps )
SMTP MODULE
Sending multiple attachments.
Python 3.x
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
mail = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
mail.ehlo()
mail.starttls()
mail.login("<user_name>@gmail.com", "<Password>")
msg = MIMEMultipart ()
msg['Subject'] = "First email"
msg['From'] = "<user_name>@gmail.com"
msg['To'] = "<recipient email address>"
msg.attach(MIMEImage(open("image.png","rb").read()))
msg.attach(MIMEImage(open("image2.png","rb").read()))
mail.send_message(msg)
mail.quit()
SMTP MODULE (ATTACHMENTS + BODY)
Python 3.x
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
mail = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
mail.ehlo()
mail.starttls()
mail.login("<user_name>@gmail.com", "<Password>")
msg = MIMEMultipart ("mixed")
msg['Subject'] = "First email"
msg['From'] = "<user_name>@gmail.com"
msg['To'] = "<recipient email address>“
msg.attach(MIMEText("The body of the email", 'plain'))
msg.attach(MIMEImage(open("image.png","rb").read()))
mail.send_message(msg)
mail.quit()
BUILDING A SIMPLE HTTP SERVER
Python has some build in modules that can simulate a http server.
Python 3.x
from http.server import HTTPServer
from http.server import SimpleHTTPRequestHandler

httpd = HTTPServer(('127.0.0.1', 8000), SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)

httpd.serve_forever()

This script will create a HTTP server that listens on port 8000. If a file named
“index.html” exists near the python script, it’s content will be server when
127.0.0.1:8000 is accessed from the browser.
We will discuss more about these servers after we learn about classes.
BUILDING A SIMPLE HTTP SERVER
The default behavior for such a server is to produce a directory listing for the root
where the script is.
However, if within the root a index.html file is found, that file will be loaded and send to
the client.
These modules can also be executed automatically from the command line as follows:
o Python 3: python -m http.server 9000

The last parameter from the command line is the port number.