SHANMUGANATHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ARASAMPATTI – 622 507

Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE,
An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL
Subject Code: CS3591
Subject Name: Computer Networks Lab
Program Name: B. E., CSE
Year & SEM: III & V
Regulation: 2021
Prepared By: S.Saravanakumar AP / CSE

HoD / CSE PRINCIPAL

CS3591 COMPUTER NETWORKS LTPC
3024

PRACTICAL EXERCISES:
1. Learn to use commands like tcpdump, netstat, ifconfig, nslookup and traceroute. Capture

ping and trace route PDUs using a network protocol analyzer and examine.

2. Write a HTTP web client program to download a web page using TCP sockets.

3. Applications using TCP sockets like: a) Echo client and echo server b) Chat

4. Simulation of DNS using UDP sockets.

5. Use a tool like Wireshark to capture packets and examine the packets

6. Write a code simulating ARP /RARP protocols.

7. Study of Network simulator (NS) and Simulation of Congestion Control Algorithms using NS.

8. Study of TCP/UDP performance using Simulation tool.

9. Simulation of Distance Vector/ Link State Routing algorithm.

10. Simulation of an error correction code (like CRC)

Total Periods:30
EX.NO.1 learn to use commands like tcpdump, netstat, ipconfig, nslookup and traceroute.
Capture Ping and trace route PDUs using network
Protocol analyzer and examine

IPCONFIG – Used to view the TCP/IP configuration in windows operating system. It

displays the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for all adapters.

IFCONFIG – Used to view the TCP/IP configuration in Linux, UNIX and Macintosh
operating system

PING – Used to check the connectivity between networking devices.

TRACERT / TRACEROUTE – Used in windows operating system to view the entire path a
packet travels from one device to other device

NSLOOKUP – Will look up the DNS Server to lookup the IP Address of any website.

 Used for querying the name server for IP address of the given HOST.

NETSTAT – netstat is a command line network tool that is a handy troubleshooting

command.

 Display incoming and outgoing network connections

 Display routing tables
 Display number of network devices
 Display network protocol statistics
Output 1: ipconfig
Output 2: ipconfig/all

Output 3:
Output 4: ping your current ip address also

Output 5: tracrt ip address

Output 6: nslookup

Output 7: netstat
Output 8: color

Output 9: color 4
 Output 10: color 7

RESULT:

Thus the above list of primitive has been studied.

EX.NO.2 Write a HTTP web client program to download a
Web page using TCP sockets

AIM:

To Write a HTTP web client program to download a web page using TCP sockets.

ALGORITHM:

CLIENT SIDE:

1) Start the program.

2) Create a socket which binds the Ip address of server and the port address to acquire
Service.

3) After establishing connection send the url to server.

4) Open a file and store the received data into the file.

5) Close the socket.

6) End the program.

SERVER SIDE:

1) Start the program.

2) Create a server socket to activate the port address.

3) Create a socket for the server socket which accepts the connection.

4) After establishing connection receive url from client.

5) Download the content of the url received and send the data to client.

6) Close the socket.

7) End the program.

Import Socket

# set up the TCP / IP Socket

s = socket.socket (socket.AF_INET.socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# Connect as client to a selected server on a specified port

s.connect((‘aurcc.com”,80))

# Protocol exchange send

s.sendall(b”GET/HTTP/I.I\r\nHost:www.aurcc.ac.in\r\nAccept:text/html\r\n\r\n”)

# Close the connection

Print(str(s.recv(4096),’utf-8))

Program:

import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("shanmuganathanengg.in",80))
s.sendall(b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:www.shanmuganathanengg.in\r\nAccept:text/html\r\n\r\n")
print(str(s.recv(4096),'utf-8'))

Output:
 Viva Questions and Answers:

1. What is meant by socket?

A socket is a software object that acts as an end point establishing a bidirectional network

Communication link between a server-side and a client-side program.

2. Define HTTP.

HTTP means HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World
Wide Web and this protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what
actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.

3. What is meant by client server communication?

Client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads

between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called
clients.

4. Define webpage.

A web page or webpage is a document commonly written in HTML (Hypertext Markup

Language) that is accessible through the Internet or other networks using an Internet browser.

5. Define URL.

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify addresses on the World

Wide Web. A URL is the fundamental network identification for any resource connected to the
web (e.g., hypertext pages, images, and sound files). The protocol specifies how information
from the link is transferred.

RESULT:

The webpage is successfully downloaded and the contents are displayed and verified.
EX.NO.3 Implement Echo Client and Echo Server applications using TCP sockets in
python

 The server will simply echo whatever it receives back to the client.

Aim:
To write a socket program for implementation of echo.

Algorithm:
Client Side:

Start the program

Create a socket which binds the IP address of server and the port address to acquire service

After establishing connection send a data to server

Receive and print the same data from server

Close the socket

End the program

Server Side:
Start the program

Create a server socket to activate the port address

Create a socket for the server socket which accepts the connection

After establishing connection receive the data from client

Print and send the same data to client

Close the socket

End the program

Program:

Echo Client:
import socket
import sys
client=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_address=('localhost',10000)

client.connect(server_address)

message=input()
print("sending ", message)
client.sendall(message.encode())
print("ORIGINAL: ",message)

data=client.recv(1000).decode()
print("ECHO: ",data)
client.close()

Echo Server:

import socket
import sys
server=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_address=('localhost',10000)

server.bind(server_address)
server.listen(1)
print('Waiting for a connection')

connection, client_address=server.accept()
print("Connection established with: ",client_address)
data=connection.recv(1000)
print("Received: ", data)
connection.sendall(data)
connection.close()
server.close()

Result:

Thus the program for simulation of echo server was written & executed
Output 1:

Output 2:
 Ex: No: 3.2 Implement Chat application using TCP sockets in python

Aim: To write a socket program for implementation of echo.

Algorithm: Client Side:
 Start the program
 Create a socket which binds the IP address of server and the port address to acquire
service
 After establishing connection send a data to server
 Receive and print the same data from server
 Close the socket
 End the program

Server Side: Start the program

 Create a server socket to activate the port address
 Create a socket for the server socket which accepts the connection
 After establishing connection receive the data from client
 Print and send the same data to client
 Close the socket
 End the program

Client Side Code

import socket
import sys
Client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_address = (‘localhost’,10000)
client.connect (server_address)
print(“connecting to port”,server_address)
message = input ()
Client.sendall(message.encode())
while message!='end':data=client.recv(1000).decode()
if data:
print(data)
message=input()
client.sendall(message.encode())
else:
break;
client.close()
Server Side Code
import socket
import sys
server=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_address=('localhost',10000)
server.bind(server_address)
server.listen(1)
print("Waiting for the connection")
connection,client_address=server.accept()
print("connection established with",client_address)
message=""
while message!="end"
data=connection.recv(1000).decode()
if data:
print(data)
message=input()
connection.sendall(message.encode())
else:
break
connection.close()
server.close()
Result:
Thus the program for simulation of echo server was written & executed
EX.NO.4 Simulation of DNS using UDP Sockets

Aim:
To write a program to Simulation of DNS using UDP sockets.

Algorithm:
1. Start the program.

2.Get the frame size from the user

3.To create the frame based on the user request.

4.To send frames to server from the client side.

5.If your frames reach the server, it will send ACK signal to client otherwise it will

send NACK signal to client.

6.Stop the program

Program:
DNS Client:

import socket
hostname = socket.gethostname()
ipaddr = "127.0.0.1"
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
addr = (ipaddr, 1234)
c = "Y"
while c.upper() == "Y":
req_domain = input("Enter domain name for which the IP is needed:")
send = s.sendto(req_domain.encode(), addr)
data, address = s.recvfrom(1024)
reply_ip = data.decode().strip()
print(f"The IP for the domain name {req_domain}:{reply_ip}")
c = (input("Continue? (y / n)"))
s.close()
DNS Server:

import socket
dns_table = {"www.google.com":"192.165.1.1",
"www.youtupe.com":"192.165.1.2",
"www.python.org":"192.165.1.3",
"www.amazon.in":"192.165.1.4",
"www.gmail.com":"192.165.1.5"}
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
print("Starting Server...")
s.bind(("127.0.0.1",1234))
while True:
data, address = s.recvfrom(1024)
print(f"{address}wants to fetch data!")
data = data.decode()
ip = dns_table.get(data, "Not Found!").encode()
send = s.sendto(ip,address)
s.close()

Viva Questions and Answers:

1.Define DNS.

DNS. (Domain Name System) The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into

numeric IP addresses. For example, when a Web address (URL) is typed into a

browser, DNSservers return the IP address of the Web server associated with that name.

2.Define UDP.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is part of the Internet Protocol suite used by programs
running on

different computers on a network. UDP is used to send short messages called datagrams but

overall, it is an unreliable, connectionless protocol.

3.what is meant by MACaddress?

A MAC address is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a

network.

4.What is meant by IP address?

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device
connected to

a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves
two

principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing.

5.List the IP address class.

Class 1

st Octet Decimal Range Default Subnet Mask

A 1 – 126* 255.0.0.0

B 128 – 191 255.255.0.0

C 192 – 223 255.255.255.0

D 224 – 239 Reserved for Multicasting

Output:

Server side: 1
Client Side: 1

Server Side: 2

Client Side: 2
Client Side: 3

RESULT:

Thus the above program a client-server application for chat using UDP was executed and

successfully
Ex.No.5 Simulation of ARP & RARP using TCP

AIM
To write a python program for simulating ARP & RARP protocols.

ALGORITHM

SERVER SIDE

Step1: Create a server socket and bind it to port

Step2: Listen for new connection and when a connection arrives and accept it
Step3: send server date and time to the client
Step4: Read client IP address send by the client
Step5: Display the client details
Spte6: Close all streams

CLIENT SIDE

Step1: Create a client socket and connect it to the server port number
Step2: Retrieve its own IP using built in function
Step3: send its address to the server
Step4: Close the input and output streams
Step5: Close the client socket
Server Program:

import socket
table={'192.168.1.1':'1E.4A.4A.11',
'192.168.2.1':'5E.51.4B.01',
'192.168.1.3':'4B.35.CD.32',
'192.168.4.1':'AF.4D.1F.FF',
'192.168.3.2':'C3.C5.EE.C2',
'1E.4A.4A.11':'192.168.1.1',
'5E.51.4B.01':'192.168.2.1',
'4B.35.CD.32':'192.168.1.3',
'AF.4D.1F.FF':'192.168.4.1',
'C3.C5.EE.C2':'192.168.3.2'}
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(('',1234))
s.listen()
clientsocket,address = s.accept()
print("Connection from",address,"Has Estabilished")
ip=clientsocket.recv(1024)
ip=ip.decode("utf-8")
mac=table.get(ip,'No entry for given address')
clientsocket.send(mac.encode())

Client Program:

import socket
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(('localhost',1234))
a=input("ARP or RARP:")
if(a=="ARP"):
 add=input('Enter IP:')
elif(a=="RARP"):
add=input('Enter MAC:')
s.send(add.encode())
mac=s.recv(1024)
mac=mac.decode("utf-8")
if(a=="ARP"):
print('MAC of',add,'is:',mac)
else:
print('IP of',add,'is:',mac)

Viva Questions and Answers:

1.Define ARP.
The address resolution protocol (arp) is a protocol used by the Internet
Protocol (IP), specifically IPv4, to map IP network addresses to the
hardware addresses used by a data link protocol.
2.Define IPv4.
IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4) is the fourth revision of the Internet
Protocol (IP) used to to identify devices on a network through an addressing
system.

3.Define RARP.
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) is a protocol by which a physical machine in a
local
area network can request to learn its IP address from a gateway server's Address Resolution
Protocol
(ARP) table .
Server: Output 1:

Client Output 1:
Client Output 2:

RESULT
Thus the implementation of ARP & RARP are done & executed successfully
 Ex.No: 6 Study of Network simulator (NS) and Simulation of Congestion Control
Algorithms using NS

AIM:
To Study Network simulator (NS).and Simulation of Congestion Control Algorithms
Using NS

List of 10+ Network Simulation Tools & Software’s:

 GNS3
 Cisco Packet Tracer
 Putty
 Secure CRT
 Microsoft Visio
 PRTG Network Monitor
 WIRESHARK
 EVE-NG
 Network Simulator -NS3
 SNMP Agent Simulator

Cisco Packet Tracer

Cisco Packet Tracer is a dominant network simulation tool built by Cisco Systems. You can make a
simple or complex network inside the Packet tracer to create, plan, configure, and test your
network scenarios in a completely virtual ecosystem. This Network Simulation tool allows users to
create network topologies and imitate those in modern computer networks. Packet Tracer is one
of the most famous Networks Simulation software among networking aspirants and beginners. It
is used actively during the Cisco CCNA Certification Training.

Name Cisco Packet Tracer

Official Website
https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer

Download Link https://www.netacad.com/courses/packet-tracer

Features of Cisco Packet Tracer
 Cisco Packet Tracer supports a multi-user system that allows many users to connect
various topologies across a computer network. Instructors can also build exercises for
students to perform using Packet Tracer.
 Supports feature expansion via additional programmes that use an API to improve Cisco
Packet Tracer's capabilities in areas including curriculum and assessment delivery,
gaming, accessibility, and interacting with real-world equipment.
 The Enhanced Physical Mode transports you to a virtual lab where you can simulate
cabling devices on a rack. Refresh key skills such as device placement (Rack & Stack),
on-device power switching, device port-to-port cabling (including cable selection and
management), troubleshooting, and more.
 It can be downloaded for free through a Netacad account.
 It enables its users to simulate the configuration relating to the Cisco routers and can be
accessed anywhere anytime.
 The Network Controller allows you a centralised dashboard to see the network's state,
instantly discover and diagnose issues, and push configuration changes to all managed
devices at once, whether you use its Web GUI or its APIs. You may also use real-world
programmes on your computer to access the Network Controller and run your own
infrastructure automation scripts.
 It can be accessed through unlimited devices.
 Provides an interactive and self-paced environment.

Uses of network simulators

Network simulators serve a variety of needs. Compared to the cost and time involved in setting
up an entire test bed containing multiple networked computers, routers and data links, network
simulators are relatively fast and inexpensive. They allow engineers, researchers to test
scenarios that might be particularly difficult or expensive to emulate using real hardware – for
instance, simulating a scenario with several nodes or experimenting with a new protocol in the
network. Network simulators are particularly useful in allowing researchers to test new
networking protocols or changes to existing protocols in a controlled and reproducible
environment.

Packet loss
Packet loss occurs when one or more packets of data travelling across a computer network
fail to reach their destination. Packet loss is distinguished as one of the three main error types
encountered in digital communications; the other two being bit error and spurious packets
caused due to noise.
Packets can be lost in a network because they may be dropped when a queue in the network
node overflows. The amount of packet loss during the steady state is another important
property of a congestion control scheme. The larger the value of packet loss, the more
difficult it is for transport layer protocols to maintain high bandwidths, the sensitivity to loss
of individual packets, as well as to frequency and patterns of loss among longer packet
sequences is strongly dependent on the application itself.
Congestion control Algorithms
Slow-start is used in conjunction with other algorithms to avoid sending more data than the
network is capable of transmitting, that is, to avoid causing network congestion. The additive
increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD) algorithm is a feedback control algorithm.
AIMD combines linear growth of the congestion window with an exponential reduction when
a congestion takes place. Multiple flows using AIMD congestion control will eventually
converge to use equal amounts of a contended link. Fast Retransmit is an enhancement to
TCP that reduces the time a sender waits before retransmitting a lost segment.
Ex.No: 7 Study of TCP/UDP performance using Simulation tool.
AIM:
To simulate the performance of TCP/UDP using Cisco Packet Tracer.
PRE LAB DISCUSSION:
 TCP is reliable protocol. That is, the receiver always sends either positive or negative
Acknowledgement about the data packet to the sender, so that the sender always has
Bright clue about whether the data packet is reached the destination or it needs to
resend it.
 TCP ensures that the data reaches intended destination in the same order it was sent.
 TCP is connection oriented. TCP requires that connection between two remote points
be established before sending actual data.
 TCP provides error-checking and recovery mechanism.
 TCP provides end-to-end communication.
 TCP provides flow control and quality of service.
 TCP operates in Client/Server point-to-point mode.
 TCP provides full duplex server, i.e. it can perform roles of both receiver and sender.
 The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is simplest Transport Layer communication
protocol available of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It involves minimum amount of
communication mechanism. UDP is said to be an unreliable transport protocol but it
uses IP services which provides best effort delivery mechanism.UDP is used when
acknowledgement of data does not hold any significance.
 UDP is good protocol for data flowing in one direction.
 UDP is simple and suitable for query based communications.
 UDP is not connection oriented.
 UDP does not provide congestion control mechanism.
 UDP does not guarantee ordered delivery of data.
 UDP is stateless.
 UDP is suitable protocol for streaming applications such as VoIP, multimedia
streaming.
TCP Performance
Algorithm
1. Create a Simulator object.
2. Set routing as dynamic.
3. Open the trace and name trace files.
4. Define the finish procedure.
5. Create nodes and the links between them.
6. Create the agents and attach them to the nodes.
7. Create the applications and attach them to the tcp agent.
8. Connect tcp and tcp sink.
9. Run the simulation.
UDP Performance
ALGORITHM :
1. Create a Simulator object.
2. Set routing as dynamic.
3. Open the trace and name trace files.
4. Define the finish procedure.
5. Create nodes and the links between them.
6. Create the agents and attach them to the nodes.
7. Create the applications and attach them to the UDP agent.
8. Connect udp and null agents.
9. Run the simulation.

RESULT:
Thus the study of TCP/UDP performance is done successfully.
 7 th Exercise Output:

Whenever you compose and send an email to another person, the message you send first
goes to a mail server. It’s the mail server which then sends the email when it is requested
from the email client (e.g. Gmail App) of the recipient’s device.

So now, let’s configure a mail server in Packet Tracer.

1. Build the network topology:

2.Configure IP addresses on the PCs, DNS Server and the Mail Server.

Mail Server IP address: 192.168.1.2/24

PC0 IP address: 192.168.1.3/24

PC1 IP address: 192.168.1.4/24

DNS server IP address: 192.168.1.5/24

3. Now configure mail clients on the PCs and mail service on the generic server.

Mail Clients:

Click on PC0. Go to its Desktop tab, and click on Email. Configure the email client by
filling in the user, server and login information. Be sure to save.
PC0:

Configure mail client on PC1 in a similar way we did for PC1.

PC1:
Next, we’ll configure the email server.

To do this, click on the server, then click Services tab, pick email server from the menu.

Provide the Domain name of the server then click on Set to set it. In this example I’ve
used the name ‘mail.com’.

Proceed and add users and provide their passwords. I have two email clients (users) with
usernames ‘client1‘and ‘client2‘with a common password ‘adminkim‘

After entering a username and password, click on Add (+) to add the user to the server.
Lastly test the email service. Go to PC0 email client, compose an email and send it’s
to PC1 email address (client2@mail.com).
Try to see whether the email from PC0 is received on PC1. On the email client of PC1,
click on Receive.
 Ex: No: 8 Simulation Distance Vector / Link State Routing Algorithm

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an active routing protocol that operates hop count as a routing
metric to find the most suitable route between the source and the destination network. It is a distance-
vector routing protocol that has an AD value of 120 and works on the Network layer of the OSI model.

Steps to Configure and Verify Three Router Connections in Cisco Packet Tracer
using RIP Routing:

Step 1: First, open the Cisco packet tracer desktop and select the devices given below:

IP Addressing Table:
  Then, create a network topology as shown below the image.

 Use an Automatic connecting cable to connect the devices with others.

Step 2: Configure the PCs (hosts) with IPv4 address and Subnet Mask according to the IP
addressing table given above.

 To assign an IP address in PC0, click on PC0.

 Then, go to desktop and then IP configuration and there you will IPv4 configuration.

 Fill IPv4 address and subnet mask.

 Assigning an IP address using the ipconfig command, or we can also assign an IP address
with the help of a command.

 Go to the command terminal of the PC.

 Then, type iPConfig <IPv4 address><subnet mask><default gateway>(if needed)

Example: iPConfig 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.1

  Repeat the same procedure with other PCs to configure them thoroughly.

Step 3: Configure router with IP address and Subnet mask.

IP Addressing Table Router:

 To assign an IP address in router0, click on router0.

 Then, go to config and then Interfaces.

 Make sure to turn on the ports.

 Then, configure the IP address in FastEthernet and serial ports according to IP addressing
Table.

 Fill IPv4 address and subnet mask.

  Repeat the same procedure with other routers to configure them thoroughly.

Step 4: After configuring all of the devices we need to assign the routes to the routers.

To assign RIP routes to the particular router:

 First, click on router0 then Go to CLI.

 Then type the commands and IP information given below.

CLI command: router rip

CLI command: network <network id>

RIP Routes for Router0 are given below:

Router (config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Step 5: Verifying the network by pinging the IP address of any PC.

 We will use the ping command to do so.

 First, click on PC0 then Go to the command prompt.

 Then type ping <IP address of targeted node>.

 As we can see in the below image we are getting replies which means the connection is
working properly.

Example: ping 192.168.20.2

A simulation of the experiment is given below we are sending PDU from PC0 to PC2 and PC3 to PC5:

Result:

Thus the program was successfully executed

Ex: No: 9 Wireshark to capture packets and examine the packets

How to provide network capture logs to Salesforce Support

In order to investigate your issues further, we would like to run an analysis of the traffic
being sent between you and Salesforce. To do this, we will use the Wireshark application.
Wireshark is a tool that allows packet traces to be monitored, captured and analysed. Please
follow the steps below in order to obtain a capture of your network traffic using Wireshark.

Note: You will require some administrator rights on your machine in order to complete these
tests. If you are unsure, please contact your IT administrator.
Installing the Wireshark package

Visit the Wireshark download site, and download the appropriate Wireshark package or
installer for the operating system running on the system which is to be used for packet
capture.

When installing, ensure all components are selected for installation, including the optional
“Win cap” application.

Once complete, start Wireshark via shortcut or start menu.

Capturing your traffic with Wireshark
After starting Wireshark, do the following:
1. Select Capture | Interfaces
2. Select the interface on which packets need to be captured. This will usually be the
interface where the Packet/s column is constantly changing, which would indicate the
presence of live traffic). If you have multiple network interface cards (i.e. LAN card
and Wi-Fi adapter) you may need to check with your IT administrator to determine
the right interface.
3. Click the Start button to start the capture.
4. Recreate the problem. The capture dialog should show the number of packets
increasing. Try to avoid running any other internet applications while capturing,
closing other browsers, Instant messengers etc.
5. Once the problem which is to be analyzed has been reproduced, click on Stop. It
may take a few seconds for Wireshark to display the packets captured.
6. Save the packet trace in the default format. Click on the File menu option and
select Save As. By default Wireshark will save the packet trace in libpcap format.
This is a filename with a.pcap extension.
Returning the information to Salesforce support
Forward the resulting .pcap file to your support representative, either by email, or attaching it
to your open case. Please also include the following information:
 Your external IP address (get this from http://www.whatismyip.com/)
 The internal IP address of the local machine where traffic is being captured
 A click path of the steps you took to reproduce, including links to each page/record
accessed

Result:

Wireshark tool was successfully installed and executed

Ex.No:10 Simulation of Error Detection Code (like CRC)

AIM:
To implement error checking code using java.
ALGORITHM:
 Start the Program
 Given a bit string, append 0S to the end of it (the number of 0s is the same as the
degree of the generator polynomial) let B(x) be the polynomial corresponding to B.
 Divide B(x) by some agreed on polynomial G(x) (generator polynomial) and
determine the remainder R(x). This division is to be done using Modulo 2 Division.
 Define T(x) = B(x) –R(x)
 (T(x)/G(x) => remainder 0)
 Transmit T, the bit string corresponding to T(x).
 Let T’ represent the bit stream the receiver gets and T’(x) the associated polynomial.
The receiver divides T1(x) by G(x). If there is a 0 remainder, the receiver concludes T
= T’ and no error occurred otherwise, the receiver concludes an error occurred and
requires a retransmission
 Stop the Program.

PROGRAM:
import java.io.*;
class crc_gen
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
int[] data;
int[] div;
int[] divisor;
int[] rem;
int[] crc;
int data_bits, divisor_bits, tot_length;
System.out.println("Enter number of data bits : "); data_bits=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
data=new int[data_bits];
System.out.println("Enter data bits : ");
for(int i=0; i<data_bits; i++)
data[i]=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
System.out.println("Enter number of bits in divisor : ");
divisor_bits=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine()); divisor=new int[divisor_bits];
System.out.println("Enter Divisor bits : ");
for(int i=0; i<divisor_bits; i++)
divisor[i]=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
System.out.print("Data bits are : ");
for(int i=0; i< data_bits; i++)
System.out.print(data[i]);
System.out.println();
System.out.print("divisor bits are : ");
for(int i=0; i< divisor_bits; i++)
System.out.print(divisor[i]);
System.out.println();
*/
tot_length=data_bits+divisor_bits-1;
div=new int[tot_length];
rem=new int[tot_length];
crc=new int[tot_length];
/* CRC GENERATION */
for(int i=0;i<data.length;i++)
div[i]=data[i];
System.out.print("Dividend (after appending 0's) are : "); for(int i=0; i< div.length; i++)
System.out.print(div[i]);
System.out.println();
for(int j=0; j<div.length; j++){
rem[j] = div[j];
}
rem=divide(div, divisor, rem);
for(int i=0;i<div.length;i++)
{
//append dividend and remainder
crc[i]=(div[i]^rem[i]);
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("CRC code : ");
for(int i=0;i<crc.length;i++)
System.out.print(crc[i]);
/* ERROR DETECTION */
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Enter CRC code of "+tot_length+" bits : "); for(int i=0; i<crc.length; i++)
crc[i]=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
System.out.print("crc bits are : ");
for(int i=0; i< crc.length; i++)
System.out.print(crc[i]);
System.out.println();
for(int j=0; j<crc.length; j++){
rem[j] = crc[j];
}
rem=divide(crc, divisor, rem);
for(int i=0; i< rem.length; i++)
{
if(rem[i]!=0)
{
System.out.println("Error");
break;
}
if(i==rem.length-1)
System.out.println("No Error");
}
System.out.println("THANK YOU. .....)");
}
static int[] divide(int div[],int divisor[], int rem[])
{
int cur=0;
while(true)
{
for(int i=0;i<divisor.length;i++)
rem[cur+i]=(rem[cur+i]^divisor[i]);
while(rem[cur]==0 && cur!=rem.length-1)
cur++;
if((rem.length-cur)<divisor.length)
break;
}
return rem;
}
}

OUTPUT :
Enter number of data bits :
7
Enter data bits :
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
Enter number of bits in divisor :
3
Enter Divisor bits :
1
0
1
Dividend (after appending 0's) are : 101100100
CRC code :
101100111
Enter CRC code of 9 bits :
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
crc bits are : 101100101

RESULT:
Thus the above program for error checking code using was executed successfully.