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Clase4 Cinematica

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Clase4 Cinematica

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Unidad III: Cinemática

del Movimiento de
Mecánica de los Fluidos Fluidos
Primer Cuatrimestre
Ingeniería Electromecánica
Facultad de Ingeniería
Universidad Nacional de Salta

1
S
Preparado por M. Valdez 2
S
Preparado por M. Valdez

1 2

Descripciones Lagrangiana y
Unidad III
Euleriana
Unidad III: CINEMÁTICA DEL FLUJO DE FLUIDOS
Descripciones Lagrangiana y Euleriana del flujo. Campos de velocidad y Descripción Lagrangiana: Describe el comportamiento del fluido (movimiento,
aceleración. Derivada total o material. Líneas de flujo, trayectoria y traza. Campo propiedades, etc.) “siguiendo” a cada partícula fluida individualmente
de rotación y vorticidad.
k̂
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Siguiendo a la partícula fluida P
P
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<latexit

t=0
z
P
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<latexit

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<latexit

r0P := x0P î + y0P ĵ + z0P k̂

t>0
rP (r0P , t) = xP (r0P , t)î + yP (r0P , t)ĵ + zP (r0P , t)k̂
P
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<latexit

La posición de la partícula fluida P depende de su posición

y inicial (en t = 0) y del tiempo
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ĵ
x
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<latexit

rP = (r0P , t)
î
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3 Preparado por M. Valdez 4 Preparado por M. Valdez

3 4
Descripciones Lagrangiana y Descripciones Lagrangiana y
Euleriana Euleriana

Descripción Lagrangiana: Descripción Lagrangiana:

Pos c ón rP = (r0P t)
k̂
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P2 rP = (r0P , t) k̂
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P2
d (r0P t)
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z <latexit sha1_base64="BZHrBj7qIVsJQsmi2BH9Yn6vlxY=">AAAB+HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWMbbQhrLZbtqlu5uwuxFq6D/wqndP4tV/49Vf4qbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDhTBvX/XZKa+sbm1vl7crO7t7+QfXw6FHHqSLUJzGPVSfEmnImqW+Y4bSTKIpFyGk7HN/kfvuJKs1i+WAmCQ0EHkoWMYKNle6fK/1qza27M6BV4hWkBgVa/epPbxCTVFBpCMdadz03MUGGlWGE02mll2qaYDLGQ9q1VGJBdZDNLp2iM6sMUBQrW9Kgmfp3IsNC64kIbafAZqSXvVz8z+umJroKMiaT1FBJ5ouilCMTo/xtNGCKEsMnlmCimL0VkRFWmBgbzsKWUEzzULzlCFaJf1G/rnt3jVqzUaRThhM4hXPw4BKacAst8IFABC/wCm9O5rw7H87nvLXkFDPHsADn6xewsJN+</latexit>
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z Ve oc dad VP =
P1
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P1
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dt
S Descripción natural e intuitiva Dens dad ⇢P = ⇢˜(r0P t)
P3 S Leyes de la Física se aplican a las P3
partículas fluidas Tempe a u a p es ón e c
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S Necesario conocer el movimiento de todas

P2
Pi P
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(infinitas) las partículas fluidas P1

P1 P3 Pi P3 P
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y y
ĵ ĵ
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x
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x
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î 5 Preparado por M. Valdez <latexit sha1_base64="AO1SGQC/1bNmbJ/yHoeYxTNvqLk=">AAACAnicbVBNS8NAFNzUr1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx4rGFtoQtlsN+3S3U3YfRFKyNG/4FXvnsSrf8Srv8Rtm4NtHXgwzLzHPCZKBTfgut9OZW19Y3Orul3b2d3bP6gfHj2aJNOU+TQRie5GxDDBFfOBg2DdVDMiI8E60fh26neemDY8UQ8wSVkoyVDxmFMCVgqCEYE8iGTOi6Jfb7hNdwa8SrySNFCJdr/+EwwSmkmmgApiTM9zUwhzooFTwYpakBmWEjomQ9azVBHJTJjPfi7wmVUGOE60HQV4pv69yIk0ZiIjuykJjMyyNxX/83oZxNdhzlWaAVN0HhRnAkOCpwXgAdeMgphYQqjm9ldMR0QTCramhZRIFjVbirdcwSrxL5o3Te/+stG6LNupohN0is6Rh65QC92hNvIRRSl6Qa/ozXl23p0P53O+WnHKm2O0AOfrF3p0mHs=</latexit>
î 6 Preparado por M. Valdez

5 6

Descripciones Lagrangiana y Descripciones Lagrangiana y

Euleriana Euleriana

Descr pc ón Eu er ana Desc be e compo am en o de u do mov m en o Descr pc ón Eu er ana

p op edades e c en pun os os de espac o os cua es son a avesados po d s n as
Pos c ón a conoc da de espac o
pa cu as u das en d s n os ns an es de empo

k̂ P3 k̂ Campo esca a de Dens dad ⇢ = ⇢˜(x y z t)

z z
Campo esca a de Tempe a u a p es ón e c
P2 V (x y z t1 ) S Desc pc ón menos n u va s camen e
S ndepend en e de as pa cu as u das Campo vec o a de Ve oc dad
V (x y z t2 ) S T a am en o espec a de as eyes de a
s ca V = Ṽ (x y z t) = uî + v ĵ + wk̂
P1 S Conven en e ma emá camen e Campos
vec o a es y esca a es Campo vec o a de Ace e ac ón
y y a = ã(x y z t)
ĵ ĵ
x x
P M V P M V
î î

7 8
Equivalencia entre Descripcion
Tipos de Flujo
Lagrangiana y Euleriana

r = xî + y ĵ + z k̂ :Posición de un Punto Fijo del Espacio

rP = xP (t)î + yP (t)ĵ + zP (t)k̂ :Posición de la Partícula P S Unidimensional, Bidimensional, Tridimensional

La velocidad de una partícula (P.V. Lagrangiano) al atravesar S Estacionario o Inestacionario

k̂
el punto r del espacio debe ser igual a la velocidad que en ese
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z VP S Compresible o Incompresible
punto indica el campo de Velocidad (P.V. Euleriano)
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P
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drP (r0P , t)
VP V (x, y, z, t)|x=xP = VP (r0P , t) = S Interno o Externo
y=yP dt
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z=zP
S Laminar o Turbulento
rP (t) r = rP (t)
P.V. Euleriano P.V. Lagrangiano
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y
x
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<latexit
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ĵ
9 Preparado por M. Valdez 10 Preparado por M. Valdez
î
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9 10

Tipos de Flujo Líneas de Flujo

Flujo Unidimensional (Dos componentes del campo de velocidad son nulas)

@ @ S Líneas de Flujo o Corriente:
v(x, y, z, t) = w(x, y, z, t) ⌘ 0 = ⌘0
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@y @z S Son tangentes al campo de velocidad (Euleriano) en todo

punto del espacio y para un instante de tiempo determinado.
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Flujo Bidimensional (Una componente del campo de velocidad es nula)

S Cambian en el tiempo para flujos inestacionarios
@ t = t1
w(x, y, z, t) ⌘ 0 ⌘0
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@z
Flujo Estacionario (Los campos Eulerianos (velocidad, presión, densidad, etc.) no
cambian en el tiempo)
@
⌘0
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@t
11 Preparado por M. Valdez 12 Preparado por M. Valdez

11 12
two-dimensional flows the slope of the streamline, dy"dx, must be equal to the tangent of the
angle that the velocity vector makes with the x axis or
dy v
! (4.1)
V4.9 Streamlines dx u
If the velocity field is known as a function of x and y 1and t if the flow is unsteady2, this equation
can be integrated to give the equation of the streamlines.
For unsteady flow there is no easy way to produce streamlines experimentally in the laboratory.
As discussed below, the observation of dye, smoke, or some other tracer injected into a flow can provide
useful information, but for unsteady flows it is not necessarily information about the streamlines.

Líneas de Flujo Líneas

E de Flujo XAMPLE 4.2 Streamlines for a Given Velocity Field

GIVEN Consider the two-dimensional steady flow discussed FIND Determine the streamlines for this flow.
in Example 4.1, V ! 1V0 "/2 1#xî $ yĵ2.

SOLUTION
Since y

u ! 1#V "/2x and v ! 1V "/2y (1)

Ejemplo: El campo de velocidades está dado por:
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0 0

V (x, y, z, t) = uî + v ĵ + wk̂ dr = dxî + dy ĵ + dz k̂ ⇣ ⌘ it follows that streamlines are given by solution of the equation
4
dy V
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v 0 1V "/2y y
V (x, y, z, t) =dx ! u ! #1V "/2xx!î#+ y ĵ
0
x
Tangencialidad de las Líneas de Corriente y el Campo de Velocidad
in which variables can be`
0

separated and the equation integrated to

k̂
<latexit sha1_base64="t9NPYKArYecQ+iVl4tyf2lw80ac=">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</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="dyH4a59ogJFYWOIRVY2oirlVsXs=">AAACAnicbVBNS8NAFNzUr1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx4rGFtoQtlsN+3S3U3YfRFKyNG/4FXvnsSrf8Srv8Rtm4NtHXgwzLzHPCZKBTfgut9OZW19Y3Orul3b2d3bP6gfHj2aJNOU+TQRie5GxDDBFfOBg2DdVDMiI8E60fh26neemDY8UQ8wSVkoyVDxmFMCVgqCEYE8iGQ+Lop+veE23RnwKvFK0kAl2v36TzBIaCaZAiqIMT3PTSHMiQZOBStqQWZYSuiYDFnPUkUkM2E++7nAZ1YZ4DjRdhTgmfr3IifSmImM7KYkMDLL3lT8z+tlEF+HOVdpBkzReVCcCQwJnhaAB1wzCmJiCaGa218xHRFNKNiaFlIiWdRsKd5yBavEv2jeNL37y0brsmynik7QKTpHHrpCLXSH2shHFKXoBb2iN+fZeXc+nM/5asUpb47RApyvX32emH0=</latexit>

donde V0 y ` son constantes. Determine

give
de lasdy líneas de flujo. 2
C=9
! !
dx
<latexit sha1_base64="5lsPqTFRnQ7uhThl+Qyh/wTlnpY=">AAAB+nicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWMLbQhrLZbtqlu5uwuxFKyF/wqndP4tU/49Vf4qbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDhTBvX/XYqG5tb2zvV3dre/sHhUf345EnHqSLUJzGPVS/EmnImqW+Y4bSXKIpFyGk3nN4VfveZKs1i+WhmCQ0EHksWMYJNIQ0o58N6w226c6B14pWkASU6w/rPYBSTVFBpCMda9z03MUGGlWGE07w2SDVNMJniMe1bKrGgOsjmt+bowiojFMXKljRorv6dyLDQeiZC2ymwmehVrxD/8/qpiW6CjMkkNVSSxaIo5cjEqHgcjZiixPCZJZgoZm9FZIIVJsbGs7QlFHnNhuKtRrBO/KvmbdN7aDXarTKdKpzBOVyCB9fQhnvogA8EJvACr/Dm5M678+F8LlorTjlzCktwvn4BsJmUpw==</latexit>
<latexit

z
<latexit sha1_base64="gTsPb9gJ9c73jMrjnZ8IxQPpQiw=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIneGBO1IbCwxekACF7K37MGG3b3L7p4JOfkJttpbGVt/ja2/xAWuEPAlk7y8N5OZeWHCmTau++0UNja3tneKu6W9/YPDo/LxSUvHqSLUJzGPVSfEmnImqW+Y4bSTKIpFyGk7HN/O/PYTVZrF8tFMEhoIPJQsYgQbKz20+m6/XHGr7hxonXg5qUCOZr/80xvEJBVUGsKx1l3PTUyQYWUY4XRa6qWaJpiM8ZB2LZVYUB1k81On6MIqAxTFypY0aK7+nciw0HoiQtspsBnpVW8m/ud1UxNdBxmTSWqoJItFUcqRidHsbzRgihLDJ5Zgopi9FZERVpgYm87SllBMSzYUbzWCdeJfVW+q3n2t0qjl6RThDM7hEjyoQwPuoAk+EBjCC7zCm/PsvDsfzueiteDkM6ewBOfrF274k+k=</latexit>
sha1_base64="qlvJy0ZzfVzvZ8ut/U2GMI3ZmaQ=">AAAB6HicbZC9TsMwFIVvyl8JBcrMYlEhMVUJC7AhsTAWidBKJaocx2mt2k5k3yCqqC/Ays6EeCdWngT3Z6AtR7J0dI6te/0lhRQWg+Dbq21t7+zu1ff9g4Z/eHTcbDzZvDSMRyyXuekl1HIpNI9QoOS9wnCqEsm7yfhu1ndfuLEi1484KXis6FCLTDCKLuoMmq2gHcxFNk24NC1YatD8eU5zViqukUlqbT8MCowralAwyaf+c2l5QdmYDnnfWU0Vt3E1X3NKzl2Skiw37mgk8/Tvi4oqaycqcTcVxZFd72bhf12/xOw6roQuSuSaLQZlpSSYk9mfSSoMZygnzlBmhNuVsBE1lKEjszIlUVPfMQnXCWya6LJ90w4fAqjDKZzBBYRwBbdwDx2IgEEKb/DuvXof3ucCXc1bMjyBFXlfv2/xkKM=</latexit>
sha1_base64="rpX/3o+ldu+GL46Now2BelFhq5E=">AAAB7nicbZDNSgMxFIXv1L9aq1a3boJFcFVm3Kg7wY3Lik4rtEPJpJk2NMkMyR2hjH0Et7p3Jb6RW5/E9GdhWw8EDuck3JsvzqSw6PvfXmljc2t7p7xb2avuHxzWjqotm+aG8ZClMjVPMbVcCs1DFCj5U2Y4VbHk7Xh0O+3bz9xYkepHHGc8UnSgRSIYRRc9tHp+r1b3G/5MZN0EC1OHhZq92k+3n7JccY1MUms7gZ9hVFCDgkk+qXRzyzPKRnTAO85qqriNitmqE3Lmkj5JUuOORjJL/74oqLJ2rGJ3U1Ec2tVuGv7XdXJMrqJC6CxHrtl8UJJLgimZ/pv0heEM5dgZyoxwuxI2pIYydHSWpsRqUnFQglUE6ya8aFw3gnsfynACp3AOAVzCDdxBE0JgMIBXeIN378X78D7n9EreAuMxLMn7+gUSw5KT</latexit>
sha1_base64="sgyFaSaaTE5wO6TBpTNKCru+/WY=">AAAB+XicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx4rmrbQhrLZbtqlu5uwuxFC7E/wqndP4tVf49Vf4rbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDhTBvX/XZKa+sbm1vl7crO7t7+QfXwqKXjVBHqk5jHqhNiTTmT1DfMcNpJFMUi5LQdjm+nfvuJKs1i+WiyhAYCDyWLGMHGSg+tvtuv1ty6OwNaJV5BalCg2a/+9AYxSQWVhnCsdddzExPkWBlGOJ1UeqmmCSZjPKRdSyUWVAf57NQJOrPKAEWxsiUNmql/J3IstM5EaDsFNiO97E3F/7xuaqLrIGcySQ2VZL4oSjkyMZr+jQZMUWJ4ZgkmitlbERlhhYmx6SxsCcWkYkPxliNYJf5F/abu3bu1xmWRThlO4BTOwYMraMAdNMEHAkN4gVd4c56dd+fD+Zy3lpxi5hgW4Hz9Am24k+U=</latexit>

dr ⇥ V (x, y, z, t) = 0 !#
<latexit sha1_base64="p/IO974a06evv9kZAxYMpk7fp1o=">AAACF3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEtBgkWoUEpSiroRCm5cVrAPaEuZTKft0JkkzNyINWTnT/gLbnXvTty6dOuXOGmzsK0HBg7n3Mu5c9yAMwW2/W1kVlbX1jeym7mt7Z3dPXP/oKH8UBJaJz73ZcvFinLm0Tow4LQVSIqFy2nTHV8nfvOeSsV87w4mAe0KPPTYgBEMWuqZx/2OKyIZd4AJqhLeiAsPxUnxsQhnV3bPzNslewprmTgpyaMUtZ750+n7JBTUA8KxUm3HDqAbYQmMcBrnOqGiASZjPKRtTT2sU7vR9B+xdaqVvjXwpX4eWFP170aEhVIT4epJgWGkFr1E/M9rhzC47EbMC0KgHpkFDUJugW8lpVh9JikBPtEEE8n0rRYZYYkJ6OrmUlwR53QpzmIFy6RRLjnnpfJtJV+tpPVk0RE6QQXkoAtURTeohuqIoCf0gl7Rm/FsvBsfxudsNGOkO4doDsbXLypwn4c=</latexit>

y x
C=4
V
<latexit sha1_base64="Fny9k71hwg8+ZgGESLlDDro+udQ=">AAAB/HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx4rmLbQhrLZbtq1u5uwuxFKCP4Fr3r3JF79L179JW7bHGzrg4HHezPMzAsTzrRx3W+ntLa+sblV3q7s7O7tH1QPj1o6ThWhPol5rDoh1pQzSX3DDKedRFEsQk7b4fh26refqNIslg9mktBA4KFkESPYWKnVC0XWyvvVmlt3Z0CrxCtIDQo0+9Wf3iAmqaDSEI617npuYoIMK8MIp3mll2qaYDLGQ9q1VGJBdZDNrs3RmVUGKIqVLWnQTP07kWGh9USEtlNgM9LL3lT8z+umJroOMiaT1FBJ5ouilCMTo+nraMAUJYZPLMFEMXsrIiOsMDE2oIUtocgrNhRvOYJV4l/Ub+re/WWtcVmkU4YTOIVz8OAKGnAHTfCBwCO8wCu8Oc/Ou/PhfM5bS04xcwwLcL5+AV7olZs=</latexit>
<latexit
or
C=1
ln y ! #ln x $ constant 0 x
2 4 C = –1

dr
<latexit sha1_base64="X1IXhRcB+dLfagT7bjjsRxUkcUI=">AAAB/XicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx4rGFtoQ9lsNu3S3U3Y3QglBPwLXvXuSbz6W7z6S9y2OdjWBwOP92aYmRemnGnjut9OZW19Y3Orul3b2d3bP6gfHj3qJFOE+iThieqGWFPOJPUNM5x2U0WxCDnthOPbqd95okqzRD6YSUoDgYeSxYxgY6VO1A9FropBveE23RnQKvFK0oAS7UH9px8lJBNUGsKx1j3PTU2QY2UY4bSo9TNNU0zGeEh7lkosqA7y2bkFOrNKhOJE2ZIGzdS/EzkWWk9EaDsFNiO97E3F/7xeZuLrIGcyzQyVZL4ozjgyCZr+jiKmKDF8YgkmitlbERlhhYmxCS1sCUVRs6F4yxGsEv+iedP07i8brcsynSqcwCmcgwdX0II7aIMPBMbwAq/w5jw7786H8zlvrTjlzDEswPn6BU/oliU=</latexit>
Thus, along the streamline
C = –4

dz <latexit sha1_base64="ffHPzfYv/bzb6bR2BvXwqriCalI=">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</latexit>
xy ! C, where C is a constant (Ans)
C
<latexit sha1_base64="5xaPvnzQ+mGbOT9TdkgeuiUgWlU=">AAAB+HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWMbbQhrLZbNqlu5uwuxFq6D/wqndP4tV/49Vf4rbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDlTBvX/XZKa+sbm1vl7crO7t7+QfXw6FEnmSLUJwlPVCfEmnImqW+Y4bSTKopFyGk7HN1M/fYTVZol8sGMUxoIPJAsZgQbK91Hz/1qza27M6BV4hWkBgVa/epPL0pIJqg0hGOtu56bmiDHyjDC6aTSyzRNMRnhAe1aKrGgOshnl07QmVUiFCfKljRopv6dyLHQeixC2ymwGeplbyr+53UzE18FOZNpZqgk80VxxpFJ0PRtFDFFieFjSzBRzN6KyBArTIwNZ2FLKCYVG4q3HMEq8S/q13XvrlFrNop0ynACp3AOHlxCE26hBT4QiOEFXuHNyZ1358P5nLeWnGLmGBbgfP0CPleT2A==</latexit>

C = –9
dr ⇥ V = (wdy vdz) î + (udz wdx) ĵ By using different values of the constant C, we can plot various
y = lines
–2
dx in the x–y plane—the streamlines. The streamlines for x % 0

xare plotted in Fig. E4.2. A comparison of this figure with Fig.

<latexit sha1_base64="qr2IDHEYR0fgKjjewpLxZ8nzzr0=">AAAB+HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWMbbQhrLZbNqlu5uwuxFL6D/wqndP4tV/49Vf4rbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDlTBvX/XZKa+sbm1vl7crO7t7+QfXw6FEnmSLUJwlPVCfEmnImqW+Y4bSTKopFyGk7HN1M/fYTVZol8sGMUxoIPJAsZgQbK91Hz/1qza27M6BV4hWkBgVa/epPL0pIJqg0hGOtu56bmiDHyjDC6aTSyzRNMRnhAe1aKrGgOshnl07QmVUiFCfKljRopv6dyLHQeixC2ymwGeplbyr+53UzE18FOZNpZqgk80VxxpFJ0PRtFDFFieFjSzBRzN6KyBArTIwNZ2FLKCYVG4q3HMEq8S/q13XvrlFrNop0ynACp3AOHlxCE26hBT4QiOEFXuHNyZ1358P5nLeWnGLmGBbgfP0COzGT1g==</latexit>

dy
<latexit sha1_base64="wGBDUSJwZPNeMR0dnJACRrFIJUw=">AAAB+HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx6rGFtoQ9lsNu3S3U3Y3Qgh9B941bsn8eq/8eovcdvmYFsfDDzem2FmXphypo3rfjuVtfWNza3qdm1nd2//oH549KSTTBHqk4QnqhtiTTmT1DfMcNpNFcUi5LQTjm+nfueZKs0S+WjylAYCDyWLGcHGSg9RPqg33KY7A1olXkkaUKI9qP/0o4RkgkpDONa657mpCQqsDCOcTmr9TNMUkzEe0p6lEguqg2J26QSdWSVCcaJsSYNm6t+JAgutcxHaToHNSC97U/E/r5eZ+DoomEwzQyWZL4ozjkyCpm+jiClKDM8twUQxeysiI6wwMTachS2hmNRsKN5yBKvEv2jeNL37y0brskynCidwCufgwRW04A7a4AOBGF7gFd6cwnl3PpzPeWvFKWeOYQHO1y88xJPX</latexit>

+ (vdz udy) k̂ = 0 E4.1a illustrates the fact that streamlines are lines tangent to the
<latexit sha1_base64="PUK+f0tS7OQY3yViGJr9Jzp/ibo=">AAACA3icbZBNS8NAEIYn9avWr6pHL4tF8FQSEdSDUOjFYwVjC20om+2mXbrZxN2NGEKu/gWvevckXv0hXv0lbtscbOsLAy/vzDDD48ecKW3b31ZpZXVtfaO8Wdna3tndq+4f3KsokYS6JOKR7PhYUc4EdTXTnHZiSXHoc9r2x81Jv/1IpWKRuNNpTL0QDwULGMHaRF563QskJlkzz57yfrVm1+2p0LJxClODQq1+9ac3iEgSUqEJx0p1HTvWXoalZoTTvNJLFI0xGeMh7RorcEiVl02fztGJSQYoiKQpodE0/buR4VCpNPTNZIj1SC32JuF/vW6ig0svYyJONBVkdihIONIRmhBAAyYp0Tw1BhPJzK+IjLChoA2nuSt+mFcMFGcRwbJxz+pXdef2vNY4L+iU4QiO4RQcuIAG3EALXCDwAC/wCm/Ws/VufVifs9GSVewcwpysr18BapjB</latexit>

velocity field.

y COMMENT Note that a flow is not completely specified by –4

<latexit sha1_base64="Ease2l+0SSFFdSBoh07312JEZeQ=">AAAB+HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx6rGFtoQ9lsN+3S3U3Y3Qgh9B941bsn8eq/8eovcdPmYFsfDDzem2FmXphwpo3rfjuVtfWNza3qdm1nd2//oH549KTjVBHqk5jHqhtiTTmT1DfMcNpNFMUi5LQTTm4Lv/NMlWaxfDRZQgOBR5JFjGBjpYesNqg33KY7A1olXkkaUKI9qP/0hzFJBZWGcKx1z3MTE+RYGUY4ndb6qaYJJhM8oj1LJRZUB/ns0ik6s8oQRbGyJQ2aqX8nciy0zkRoOwU2Y73sFeJ/Xi810XWQM5mkhkoyXxSlHJkYFW+jIVOUGJ5Zgoli9lZExlhhYmw4C1tCMS1C8ZYjWCX+RfOm6d1fNlqXZTpVOIFTOAcPrqAFd9AGHwhE8AKv8Obkzrvz4XzOWytOOXMMC3C+fgGvHJN9</latexit>

ĵ dx dz dy the shape of the streamlines alone. For example, the streamlines

= = for the flow with V0 "/ ! 10 have the same shape as those for the
<latexit sha1_base64="ZFyY7EAaT1DW9QLjoejB6XZwMWI=">AAACAnicbVBNS8NAFNzUr1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWMLbQhLLZbtu1u5uw+yKUkKN/wavePYlX/4hXf4nbNgfbOvBgmHmPeUyUCG7Adb+d0tr6xuZWebuys7u3f1A9PHowcaop82ksYt2JiGGCK+YDB8E6iWZERoK1o/HN1G8/MW14rO5hkrBQkqHiA04JWCkIRgSyIJLZY573qjW37s6AV4lXkBoq0OpVf4J+TFPJFFBBjOl6bgJhRjRwKlheCVLDEkLHZMi6lioimQmz2c85PrNKHw9ibUcBnql/LzIijZnIyG5KAiOz7E3F/7xuCoOrMOMqSYEpOg8apAJDjKcF4D7XjIKYWEKo5vZXTEdEEwq2poWUSOYVW4q3XMEq8S/q13XvrlFrNop2yugEnaJz5KFL1ES3qIV8RFGCXtArenOenXfnw/mcr5ac4uYYLcD5+gV8CZh8</latexit>

u w v flow with V0"/ ! #10. However, the direction of the flow is op-
posite for these two cases. The arrows in Fig. E4.2 representing the
F I G U R E E4.2
î
<latexit sha1_base64="PPwrPU1S/5k20fAUQ0Y2Yy+93/A=">AAACHnicbVDLSgMxFM34rPU16tLNYFFclRkpqAuh4MZlBccW2qFkMpk2NPMgyVTHkD/wJ/wFt7p3JW5165eYtoPY1gOBc8+5l3tz/JQSLmz7y1hYXFpeWS2tldc3Nre2zZ3dW55kDGEXJTRhLR9yTEmMXUEExa2UYRj5FDf9weXIbw4x4ySJb0SeYi+CvZiEBEGhpa551AkZRDK4VzJTF0XxoOTdb5ErOVRds2JX7TGseeIUpAIKNLrmdydIUBbhWCAKOW87dio8CZkgiGJV7mQcpxANYA+3NY1hhLknx/9R1qFWAitMmH6xsMbq3wkJI87zyNedERR9PuuNxP+8dibCM0+SOM0EjtFkUZhRSyTWKBwrIAwjQXNNIGJE32qhPtQxCB3h1BY/UmUdijMbwTxxT6rnVee6VqnXinRKYB8cgGPggFNQB1egAVyAwCN4Bi/g1Xgy3ox342PSumAUM3tgCsbnDzBCpL4=</latexit>

flow direction are correct for V0 "/ ! 10 since, from Eq. 1,

13 Preparado por M. Valdez u ! #10x and v ! 10y. 14 Preparado por M. Valdez
<latexit sha1_base64="AO1SGQC/1bNmbJ/yHoeYxTNvqLk=">AAACAnicbVBNS8NAFNzUr1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx4rGFtoQtlsN+3S3U3YfRFKyNG/4FXvnsSrf8Srv8Rtm4NtHXgwzLzHPCZKBTfgut9OZW19Y3Orul3b2d3bP6gfHj2aJNOU+TQRie5GxDDBFfOBg2DdVDMiI8E60fh26neemDY8UQ8wSVkoyVDxmFMCVgqCEYE8iGTOi6Jfb7hNdwa8SrySNFCJdr/+EwwSmkmmgApiTM9zUwhzooFTwYpakBmWEjomQ9azVBHJTJjPfi7wmVUGOE60HQV4pv69yIk0ZiIjuykJjMyyNxX/83oZxNdhzlWaAVN0HhRnAkOCpwXgAdeMgphYQqjm9ldMR0QTCramhZRIFjVbirdcwSrxL5o3Te/+stG6LNupohN0is6Rh65QC92hNvIRRSl6Qa/ozXl23p0P53O+WnHKm2O0AOfrF3p0mHs=</latexit>

That is, the flow is from right to left. For

V0 "/ ! #10 the arrows are reversed. The flow is from left to right.

13 14

Líneas de Trayectoria Líneas de Trayectoria

E emp o E campo de ve oc dade e a dado po

V0 ⇣ ⌘
S Líneas de Trayectoria: V (x y z t) = xî + y ĵ
`
S Trazada por cada partícula fluida durante su movimiento donde V0 y ` on con an e De e m ne a nea de ayec o a de a pa cu a que e
encon aba en e pun o 1 1 en =0
k̂
z
Pos c ón de a pa cu a u da rP (t) = ⇠(t)î + ⌘(t)ĵ
P1 V0
⇠(t) = ⇠0 e
<latexit sha1_base64="nASG5b611zewNkeBsPfcknhdviM=">AAAB+XicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWNLbQhrLZbtqlu5uwuxFC7E/wqndP4tVf49Vf4rbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDhTBvX/XZKa+sbm1vl7crO7t7+QfXw6FHHqSLUJzGPVSfEmnImqW+Y4bSTKIpFyGk7HN9M/fYTVZrF8sFkCQ0EHkoWMYKNle5bfa9frbl1dwa0SryC1KBAq1/96Q1ikgoqDeFY667nJibIsTKMcDqp9FJNE0zGeEi7lkosqA7y2akTdGaVAYpiZUsaNFP/TuRYaJ2J0HYKbEZ62ZuK/3nd1ERXQc5kkhoqyXxRlHJkYjT9Gw2YosTwzBJMFLO3IjLCChNj01nYEopJxYbiLUewSvyL+nXdu2vUmo0inTKcwCmcgweX0IRbaIEPBIbwAq/w5jw7786H8zlvLTnFzDEswPn6BWcNk+Q=</latexit>

V0
⌘(t) = ⌘0 e

P1 y
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ĵ
x 15 Preparado por M. Valdez P M V
<latexit sha1_base64="AO1SGQC/1bNmbJ/yHoeYxTNvqLk=">AAACAnicbVBNS8NAFNzUr1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx4rGFtoQtlsN+3S3U3YfRFKyNG/4FXvnsSrf8Srv8Rtm4NtHXgwzLzHPCZKBTfgut9OZW19Y3Orul3b2d3bP6gfHj2aJNOU+TQRie5GxDDBFfOBg2DdVDMiI8E60fh26neemDY8UQ8wSVkoyVDxmFMCVgqCEYE8iGTOi6Jfb7hNdwa8SrySNFCJdr/+EwwSmkmmgApiTM9zUwhzooFTwYpakBmWEjomQ9azVBHJTJjPfi7wmVUGOE60HQV4pv69yIk0ZiIjuykJjMyyNxX/83oZxNdhzlWaAVN0HhRnAkOCpwXgAdeMgphYQqjm9ldMR0QTCramhZRIFjVbirdcwSrxL5o3Te/+stG6LNupohN0is6Rh65QC92hNvIRRSl6Qa/ozXl23p0P53O+WnHKm2O0AOfrF3p0mHs=</latexit>
î

15 16
Líneas de Traza Descripción del Flujo

S Líneas de Traza:
S Formada por todas las partículas fluidas que pasaron por el
k̂
<latexit sha1_base64="dyH4a59ogJFYWOIRVY2oirlVsXs=">AAACAnicbVBNS8NAFNzUr1q/qh69LBbBU0lEUG8FLx4rGFtoQtlsN+3S3U3YfRFKyNG/4FXvnsSrf8Srv8Rtm4NtHXgwzLzHPCZKBTfgut9OZW19Y3Orul3b2d3bP6gfHj2aJNOU+TQRie5GxDDBFfOBg2DdVDMiI8E60fh26neemDY8UQ8wSVkoyVDxmFMCVgqCEYE8iGQ+Lop+veE23RnwKvFK0kAl2v36TzBIaCaZAiqIMT3PTSHMiQZOBStqQWZYSuiYDFnPUkUkM2E++7nAZ1YZ4DjRdhTgmfr3IifSmImM7KYkMDLL3lT8z+tlEF+HOVdpBkzReVCcCQwJnhaAB1wzCmJiCaGa218xHRFNKNiaFlIiWdRsKd5yBavEv2jeNL37y0brsmynik7QKTpHHrpCLXSH2shHFKXoBb2iN+fZeXc+nM/5asUpb47RApyvX32emH0=</latexit>
mismo punto del espacio en instantes de tiempo sucesivos
<latexit sha1_base64="BZHrBj7qIVsJQsmi2BH9Yn6vlxY=">AAAB+HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWMbbQhrLZbtqlu5uwuxFq6D/wqndP4tV/49Vf4qbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDhTBvX/XZKa+sbm1vl7crO7t7+QfXw6FHHqSLUJzGPVSfEmnImqW+Y4bSTKIpFyGk7HN/kfvuJKs1i+WAmCQ0EHkoWMYKNle6fK/1qza27M6BV4hWkBgVa/epPbxCTVFBpCMdadz03MUGGlWGE02mll2qaYDLGQ9q1VGJBdZDNLp2iM6sMUBQrW9Kgmfp3IsNC64kIbafAZqSXvVz8z+umJroKMiaT1FBJ5ouilCMTo/xtNGCKEsMnlmCimL0VkRFWmBgbzsKWUEzzULzlCFaJf1G/rnt3jVqzUaRThhM4hXPw4BKacAst8IFABC/wCm9O5rw7H87nvLXkFDPHsADn6xewsJN+</latexit>
<latexit
z P1 En un flujo estacionario, las líneas de flujo, de traza y de trayectoria son
coincidentes
<latexit sha1_base64="nASG5b611zewNkeBsPfcknhdviM=">AAAB+XicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWNLbQhrLZbtqlu5uwuxFC7E/wqndP4tVf49Vf4rbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDhTBvX/XZKa+sbm1vl7crO7t7+QfXw6FHHqSLUJzGPVSfEmnImqW+Y4bSTKIpFyGk7HN9M/fYTVZrF8sFkCQ0EHkoWMYKNle5bfa9frbl1dwa0SryC1KBAq1/96Q1ikgoqDeFY667nJibIsTKMcDqp9FJNE0zGeEi7lkosqA7y2akTdGaVAYpiZUsaNFP/TuRYaJ2J0HYKbEZ62ZuK/3nd1ERXQc5kkhoqyXxRlHJkYjT9Gw2YosTwzBJMFLO3IjLCChNj01nYEopJxYbiLUewSvyL+nXdu2vUmo0inTKcwCmcgweX0IRbaIEPBIbwAq/w5jw7786H8zlvLTnFzDEswPn6BWcNk+Q=</latexit>

P3
<latexit sha1_base64="pECwH9sy/6KS2s6dYXLP7U3cnfo=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndKgnYkNpYYPSGBC9lb9mDD7t5ld8+EnPwEW+2tjK2/xtZf4gJXCPiSSV7em8nMvDDhTBvX/XYKa+sbm1vF7dLO7t7+Qfnw6FHHqSLUJzGPVTvEmnImqW+Y4bSdKIpFyGkrHN1M/dYTVZrF8sGMExoIPJAsYgQbK903e5e9csWtujOgVeLlpAI5mr3yT7cfk1RQaQjHWnc8NzFBhpVhhNNJqZtqmmAywgPasVRiQXWQzU6doDOr9FEUK1vSoJn6dyLDQuuxCG2nwGaol72p+J/XSU10FWRMJqmhkswXRSlHJkbTv1GfKUoMH1uCiWL2VkSGWGFibDoLW0IxKdlQvOUIVol/Ub2uene1SqOWp1OEEziFc/CgDg24hSb4QGAAL/AKb86z8+58OJ/z1oKTzxzDApyvX2ozk+Y=</latexit>

Línea de Traza que une P1, P2, P3,…

P2
<latexit sha1_base64="xRz8bkYqneL1Zgqk40kLf6VKd0U=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIneEBO1IbCwxekICF7K37MGG3b3L7p4JOfkJttpbGVt/ja2/xAWuEPAlk7y8N5OZeWHCmTau++0UNja3tneKu6W9/YPDo/LxyaOOU0WoT2Ieq06INeVMUt8ww2knURSLkNN2OL6Z+e0nqjSL5YOZJDQQeChZxAg2Vrpv9Wv9csWtunOgdeLlpAI5Wv3yT28Qk1RQaQjHWnc9NzFBhpVhhNNpqZdqmmAyxkPatVRiQXWQzU+dogurDFAUK1vSoLn6dyLDQuuJCG2nwGakV72Z+J/XTU10FWRMJqmhkiwWRSlHJkazv9GAKUoMn1iCiWL2VkRGWGFibDpLW0IxLdlQvNUI1olfq15Xvbt6pVnP0ynCGZzDJXjQgCbcQgt8IDCEF3iFN+fZeXc+nM9Fa8HJZ05hCc7XL2igk+U=</latexit>
en
P2
<latexit sha1_base64="xRz8bkYqneL1Zgqk40kLf6VKd0U=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIneEBO1IbCwxekICF7K37MGG3b3L7p4JOfkJttpbGVt/ja2/xAWuEPAlk7y8N5OZeWHCmTau++0UNja3tneKu6W9/YPDo/LxyaOOU0WoT2Ieq06INeVMUt8ww2knURSLkNN2OL6Z+e0nqjSL5YOZJDQQeChZxAg2Vrpv9Wv9csWtunOgdeLlpAI5Wv3yT28Qk1RQaQjHWnc9NzFBhpVhhNNpqZdqmmAyxkPatVRiQXWQzU+dogurDFAUK1vSoLn6dyLDQuuJCG2nwGakV72Z+J/XTU10FWRMJqmhkiwWRSlHJkazv9GAKUoMn1iCiWL2VkRGWGFibDpLW0IxLdlQvNUI1olfq15Xvbt6pVnP0ynCGZzDJXjQgCbcQgt8IDCEF3iFN+fZeXc+nM9Fa8HJZ05hCc7XL2igk+U=</latexit>
t = t4
t = t5
t = t6
P1
y <latexit sha1_base64="nASG5b611zewNkeBsPfcknhdviM=">AAAB+XicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWNLbQhrLZbtqlu5uwuxFC7E/wqndP4tVf49Vf4rbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDhTBvX/XZKa+sbm1vl7crO7t7+QfXw6FHHqSLUJzGPVSfEmnImqW+Y4bSTKIpFyGk7HN9M/fYTVZrF8sFkCQ0EHkoWMYKNle5bfa9frbl1dwa0SryC1KBAq1/96Q1ikgoqDeFY667nJibIsTKMcDqp9FJNE0zGeEi7lkosqA7y2akTdGaVAYpiZUsaNFP/TuRYaJ2J0HYKbEZ62ZuK/3nd1ERXQc5kkhoqyXxRlHJkYjT9Gw2YosTwzBJMFLO3IjLCChNj01nYEopJxYbiLUewSvyL+nXdu2vUmo0inTKcwCmcgweX0IRbaIEPBIbwAq/w5jw7786H8zlvLTnFzDEswPn6BWcNk+Q=</latexit>

17 Preparado por M. Valdez 18 Preparado por M. Valdez

17 18

Derivada Material o Sustancial Derivada Material o Sustancial

¿Cómo calculamos el cambio de una propiedad (temperatura, densidad, velocidad, D (#) @ (#) Ace erac ón de una Par cu a
= + (V r) (#)
presión, etc.) ”siguiendo” a las partículas si sólo conocemos el campo de Velocidad? Dt @t #!V
k̂ Operador Derivada Sustancial k̂
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V , p, T, ⇢, ...
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DV
z z V p T ⇢ a=
Dt
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D (#) @ (#)
= + (V · r) (#)
<latexit sha1_base64="WefDKHUpJXXKgWFsGcT+bJR8e9o=">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</latexit>
Dt @t
@V
a= + (V r) V
Cambio local # en el tiempo Cambio de # debido al @t
⇠ ⇠
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movimiento de la
partícula fluida

y Derivada de un campo vectorial o escalar del y

ĵ ĵ
fluido siguiendo a una partícula fluida
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x
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<latexit

x
î
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19 Preparado por M. Valdez

19 20
detail2 the motion of fluids. Unfortunately, we will also find that these equations are rather complicated,
non-linear partial differential equations that cannot be solved exactly except in a few cases, where
simplifying assumptions are made. Thus, although differential analysis has the potential for supplying
very detailed information about flow fields, this information is not easily extracted. Nevertheless, this
approach provides a fundamental basis for the study of fluid mechanics. We do not want to be too

Derivada Material o Sustancial

JWCL068_ch04_147-186.qxd 8/19/08 8:50 PM Page 161

Derivada Material o Sustancial

discouraging at this point, since there are some exact solutions for laminar flow that can be obtained,
and these have proved to be very useful. A few of these are included in this chapter. In addition, by
making some simplifying assumptions many other analytical solutions can be obtained. For example,
V6.1 Spinning
in some circumstances it may be reasonable to assume that the effect of viscosity is small and can
football-velocity 161
be neglected. This rather drastic assumption greatly simplifies the analysis 4.2 The and provides
Acceleration Field the
contours
opportunity to obtain detailed solutions to a variety of complex flow problems. Some examples of
XAMPLE
these so-called inviscid E flow solutions4.5 are Acceleration
also described from in athis
Given Velocity Field
chapter.
Ejemplo: Ejemplo:
It is knownGIVEN
that for certain types of flows the flow field can be conceptually divided into two
Consider the steady, two-dimensional flow field dis- FIND Determine the acceleration field for this flow.
Un fluido fluye estacionariamente a través de una tobera bidimensional de longitud ` . La <latexit sha1_base64="5lsPqTFRnQ7uhThl+Qyh/wTlnpY=">AAAB+nicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoN4KXjxWMLbQhrLZbtqlu5uwuxFKyF/wqndP4tU/49Vf4qbNwbY+GHi8N8PMvDDhTBvX/XYqG5tb2zvV3dre/sHhUf345EnHqSLUJzGPVS/EmnImqW+Y4bSXKIpFyGk3nN4VfveZKs1i+WhmCQ0EHksWMYJNIQ0o58N6w226c6B14pWkASU6w/rPYBSTVFBpCMda9z03MUGGlWGE07w2SDVNMJniMe1bKrGgOsjmt+bowiojFMXKljRorv6dyLDQeiZC2ymwmehVrxD/8/qpiW6CjMkkNVSSxaIo5cjEqHgcjZiixPCZJZgoZm9FZIIVJsbGs7QlFHnNhuKtRrBO/KvmbdN7aDXarTKdKpzBOVyCB9fQhnvogA8EJvACr/Dm5M678+F8LlorTjlzCktwvn4BsJmUpw==</latexit>
<latexit
Dado elvery
regions—a campo thindeinregion
cussed velocidad
Examplenear
4.2. the boundaries of the system in which viscous effects are important,
forma de la tobera está dada por: and a region away from the boundaries in which V0 the ⇣ flow is essentially ⌘ inviscid. By making certain
y 1 assumptions about SOLUTION
the V
behavior (x, of y, z,
the t)
fluid = in the x
thinî + y
layer ĵ near the boundaries, and using the
= ±0.5 x `
` 1+ assumption of inviscid flow outside
is given this layer, a large class of problems can be solved using
<latexit sha1_base64="t9NPYKArYecQ+iVl4tyf2lw80ac=">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</latexit>

` Determine elIncampo deacceleration

general, the aceleración. by y
V
differential analysis. These boundary layer problems are discussed in Chapter 9. Finally, it is to be
<latexit sha1_base64="J6AIwKgiHQJajaeCFSxTwa8+UYs=">AAACKHicbZDNSsNAFIUn9a/Wv6hLN4NFEISSSEVdCAU3LisYW2hCmUwn7dCZJMxMxBDyGr6Er+BW966k2z6J0yYL23ph4OOce7l3jh8zKpVlTYzK2vrG5lZ1u7azu7d/YB4ePcsoEZg4OGKR6PpIEkZD4iiqGOnGgiDuM9Lxx/czv/NChKRR+KTSmHgcDUMaUIyUlvqm5QYC4SzNM5cwlt+5MbcaV4Vo55l9UeBr6eewb9athjUvuAp2CXVQVrtvTt1BhBNOQoUZkrJnW7HyMiQUxYzkNTeRJEZ4jIakpzFEnEgvm/8sh2daGcAgEvqFCs7VvxMZ4lKm3NedHKmRXPZm4n9eL1HBjZfRME4UCXGxKEgYVBGcxQQHVBCsWKoBYUH1rRCPkI5C6TAXtvg8r+lQ7OUIVsG5bNw27MdmvdUs06mCE3AKzoENrkELPIA2cAAGb+ADfIIv4934Nn6MSdFaMcqZY7BQxvQX/NOniA==</latexit>

Si los efectos viscosos y gravitacionales son despreciables, el campo de velocidad DV 0V a

noted that with the availability a ! of!powerful " 1V ! computers
§ 21V2 it is feasible to attempt to solve the differential
Streamline
es aproximadamente: ⇣ ⌘ Solución: Dt 0t
x y equations using the techniques 0V of numerical
0V
"v
0V analysis.
0V Although it is beyond the scope of this book
V = V0 1 + î V0 ĵ !
0t
"u
0x
"w (1)
` ` to delve extensively into this approach, V02 0y which 0z 2
V0 is generally referred to as computational fluid
y el campo de presión: velocity is a =bybeV2aware!x 1Vî0#/21$xî
+of this y ĵso that
dynamics 1CFD2,uwhere
<latexit sha1_base64="rARVIsIdCcunw6+M5A1Yb5n72lc=">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</latexit>

" yĵ2
V6.2 Spinning the thereader shouldgiven
! $1V0#/2 x and v ! 1V0#/2y.`For steady 3 01 `
2 approach to complex flow problems. CFD has
2 # 0t ! 04, two-
⇢V0 ⇥ 2 ⇤ become a common engineering
3w ! 0 and 01 tool2 # 0z ! and
04 flow,aEq. brief introduction can be found in Appendix A. To
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football-velocity dimensional l becomes

p p0 = x + y 2 /`2 + 2x/` introduce the power of CFD,
2 vectors 0V two 0V animations based on the numerical computations are provided
<latexit sha1_base64="E89xAWPrRJpCbZXreY4Dcw53/uw=">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</latexit>

a!u "v
as shown in the margin. 0x 0y
V0 , p0 velocidad y presión en el origen x=y=0 0u 0u 0v 0v
<latexit sha1_base64="iuy9hHS9KJd+raqYjN9ZVdoIFM8=">AAAB/3icbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tFoNgIeFOAmoXsLGM4CWR5Dj2NnvJkt29Y3dPCCGNf8FWeyux9afY+kvcJFeYxAcDj/dmmJkXpZxp47rfTmFtfWNzq7hd2tnd2z8oHx41dZIpQn2S8ES1I6wpZ5L6hhlO26miWESctqLh7dRvPVGlWSIfzCilgcB9yWJGsLHSYzN0L7ooDd2wXHGr7gxolXg5qUCORlj+6fYSkgkqDeFY647npiYYY2UY4XRS6maappgMcZ92LJVYUB2MZwdP0JlVeihOlC1p0Ez9OzHGQuuRiGynwGagl72p+J/XyUx8HYyZTDNDJZkvijOOTIKm36MeU5QYPrIEE8XsrYgMsMLE2IwWtkRiUrKheMsRrBL/snpT9e5rlXotT6cIJ3AK5+DBFdThDhrgAwEBL/AKb86z8+58OJ/z1oKTzxzDApyvX/A7lcw=</latexit>

We begin our introduction

! au " v to b îdifferential
" au " v analysisb ĵ by reviewing and extending somex of the
0x 0y 0x 0y
21 Preparado por M. Valdez ideas associated with fluid kinematics that were 22 introduced inF Chapter I G U R E E4.5
4. Preparado
With this por M.background
Valdez the
remainder of theHence, will be devoted to the derivation of the basic differential equations 1which
for this flow the acceleration is given by
chapter
V0 V0 V0
21 22 will be based on the aprinciple
to some applications.
! c a$ b 1x2of
/
V0
a$conservation
/
b " a b 1y2102 d of

V0
/
V0
î mass and Newton’s
Also, second
the acceleration
axis, where
vector is law ofat motion2
oriented and
an angle u from the x

" c a$ b 1x2102 " a b 1y2 a b d ĵ ay y

/ / / tan u ! !
ax x
or
This is the same angle as that formed by a ray from the origin to
6.1 Fluid Element Kinematics point 1x, y2. Thus, the acceleration is directed along rays from the
ax !
V 20 x
, ay !
V 20 y
(Ans)
/ / origin and has a magnitude proportional to the distance from the 2 2

Cinemática de Elementos
origin. Typical acceleration vectors 1from Eq. 22 and velocity vec-
In this section weCOMMENTS
will be The fluid experiences an acceleration in both tors 1from Example 4.12 are shown in Fig. E4.5 for the flow in the
concerned with the mathematical description of the motion of fluid elements
Derivada Material o Sustancial
the x and y directions. Since the flow is steady, there is no local first quadrant. Note that a and V are not parallel except along the
moving in a flowacceleration—the
field. A small fluid element
fluid velocity at any given in
pointthe shapein ofxaandcube
is constant y axeswhich
1a fact thatis
is initially intheone
responsible for position
curved pathlines of

Fluidos
time. However, there is a convective acceleration due to the the flow2, and that both the acceleration and velocity are zero at
Fluid element mo- will move to another
change inposition
velocity fromduring a the
one point on short time
particle’s interval
pathline to an- dt as illustrated in Fig. 6.1. Because of
the origin 1x ! y ! 02. An infinitesimal fluid particle placed pre-
tion consists of the generally complex velocity
other. Recall variation
that the velocity within
is a vector—it thea magnitude
has both field, wecisely
expectat the the
originelement not only
will remain there, to translate
but its neighbors 1no matter
and a direction. In this flow both the fluid speed 1magnitude2 and how close they are to the origin2 will drift away.
translation, linear from one position flowbut alsochange
direction to have its volume
with location changed 1linear deformation2, to rotate, and to undergo
1see Fig. E4.1a2.
deformation, rota- a change in shape 1angular
For this deformation2.
flow the magnitude Although
of the acceleration is constantthese
on movements and deformations occur
tion, and angular circles centered at the origin, as is seen from the fact that
8/19/08 8:50 PM Page 162
simultaneously, we can consider each one separately as illustrated in Fig. 6.1. Since element motion
deformation. 0a 0 ! 1ax2 " ay2 "
V0 2 2
az2 2 1#2 ! ato bthe
1x " y2 2 1#2
and deformation are intimately related / velocity and
(2) variation of velocity throughout the flow
Ejemplo: Elwill
field, we movimiento generalthe
briefly review de unmanner elemento fluidovelocity
in which puede descomponerse en: translación
and acceleration y described.
fields can be
Determine como una función de x e y la razón de cambio de la presión que siente una
rotación, deformación lineal y deformación angular
■ Fluid Kinematics partícula fluida conforme se mueve en la tobera.
d is V0
0
y Solución: Dp
=
@p
+ (V · r) p Element at t0 E XAMPLE
Element at t0 + 4.6
δt The Material Derivative
! "1rV 20 #22 3 1x2 $ y2 2 #/2 $ 2x#/ 4 _y = _______
0.5
Dt @t GIVEN A fluid flows steadily through a two-dimensional nozzle If viscous and gravitational effects are negligible, the velocity
! (1 + x/!)

<latexit sha1_base64="n4yphSwgMFtjgN0pZC570ptDrz8=">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</latexit>

⇢V 3 ⇣ x ⌘2 ⇣ y ⌘2
re the velocity and pressure at the origin, of length / as shown in Fig. E4.6a. The nozzle shape is given by field is approximately
t the fluid speed increases as it flows through !
Dp
mple, along the center line 1y ! 02 , V ! V0 at
at x ! /. 0.5
_y = – _______ = +1 y#/ ! ; 0.5# 31 " 1x#/2 4 u ! V0!1 " x#/", v ! $V0y#/ (1)
! (1 + x/!) 2V0
<latexit sha1_base64="tnBFCtqz+yJDXNmOMYuxRI7hXuo=">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</latexit>
Dt ` ` `
as a function of x and y, the time rate of x = + + +
elt by a fluid particle as it flows through the

General Translation Linear Rotation Angular

motion deformation deformation
ange of pressure at any given, fixed point in
ero. However, the time rate of change of pres-
e flowing through the nozzle is given by the
F I G U R E 6.1 Types of motion and deformation for a fluid element.
f the pressure and is not zero. Thus,
p 0p 0p 0p 0p F I G U R E E4.6a
$u $v !u $v (2)
0x 0y 0x 0y 23 Preparado por M. Valdez 24 Preparado por M. Valdez
components of the pressure gradient can be

23 24
0p rV20 x COMMENT Lines of constant pressure within the nozzle are
!" a $ 1b (3) indicated in Fig. E4.6b, along with some representative stream-
0x / / lines of the flow. Note that as a fluid particle flows along its
Cinemática de Elementos JWCL068_ch06_263-331.qxd 9/23/08 12:17 PM Page 266

Translación
Fluidos
266 Chapter 6 ■ Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow

Movimientos de Translación
• Todos los puntos del elemento tienen la misma
Dado un elemento (cubo) fluido de dimensiones 𝛿x, 𝛿y y 𝛿z, en un flujo caracterizado por un velocidad.
campo de velocidad dado, ¿qué características del campo de velocidad produce los diferentes • No existen gradientes de velocidad.
movimiento y deformaciones del mismo? • No produce deformación
O'
v
u vδt
Campo de Velocidad: V <latexit sha1_base64="wPCz/PgiMnsj2Cv78MRWfIk1p+w=">AAACK3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVdelmsAiCUJJa0I1QcOOygn1AE8pkOmnHziRhZlIpIf/hT/gLbnXvSnEl+B9O2lBs64GBc869l3vneBGjUlnWh7Gyura+sVnYKm7v7O7tmweHTRnGApMGDlko2h6ShNGANBRVjLQjQRD3GGl5w5us3hoRIWkY3KtxRFyO+gH1KUZKW12z4ng8aaYOvI6dAVJJJmmano9m6kGrx5kapmnXLFllawK4TOyclECOetf8dnohjjkJFGZIyo5tRcpNkFAUM5IWnViSCOEh6pOOpgHiRLrJ5G8pPNVOD/qh0C9QcOL+nUgQl3LMPd3JkRrIxVpm/lfrxMq/chMaRLEiAZ4u8mMGVQizoGCPCoIVG2uCsKD6VogHSCCsdJxzWzyeFnUo9mIEy6RZKdsX5cpdtVSr5vEUwDE4AWfABpegBm5BHTQABk/gBbyCN+PZeDc+ja9p64qRzxyBORg/v88cqX8=</latexit>
= uî + v ĵ + wk̂ O

ru = rv = rw = 0
<latexit sha1_base64="B8wdZzOIbJwQckm9oQpYhwTsfNA=">AAACHHicbZDNSgMxFIUz/tb6N+rSTbAKrsqMFNSFUHDjsoJjC+1QkjTThiaZIclUytAX8CV8Bbe6dyVuBbc+iWk7iG09EPg4917uzcEJZ9p43peztLyyurZe2Chubm3v7Lp7+/c6ThWhAYl5rBoYacqZpIFhhtNGoigSmNM67l+P6/UBVZrF8s4MExoK1JUsYgQZa7Xd45ZEmCOYwqucBr/0YAmLzBu13ZJX9iaCi+DnUAK5am33u9WJSSqoNIQjrZu+l5gwQ8owwumo2Eo1TRDpoy5tWpRIUB1mk9+M4Il1OjCKlX3SwIn7dyJDQuuhwLZTINPT87Wx+V+tmZroIsyYTFJDJZkuilIOTQzH0cAOU5QYPrSAiGL2Vkh6SCFibIAzW7AYFW0o/nwEixCclS/L/m2lVK3k6RTAITgCp8AH56AKbkANBICAR/AMXsCr8+S8Oe/Ox7R1yclnDsCMnM8fYEqguQ==</latexit>
u δt F I G U R

because of the presence of velocity gradients,

as it moves. For example, consider the effect o
having sides dx, dy, and dz. As is shown in Fi
is u, then at nearby points A and C the x
25 Preparado por M. Valdez 26 Preparado por M. Valdez
u $ 1 0u! 0x2 dx. This difference in velocity ca
amount 1 0u! 0x2 1dx2 1dt2 during the short time in
25 26 to BC¿ 1Fig. 6.3b2. The corresponding change i

"#
Change in dV

and the rate at which the volume d "

V is chang
V2
1 d1d "
# lim
Rotación Rotación The rate of volume
If velocity gradients 0v! 0y and 0w ! 0z are also p
d"
V dt dtS

change per unit in the general case,

volume is related V2
1 d1d" 0u
31.qxd 9/23/08 12:17 PM Page 267 to the velocity #
d"
V dt 0x
gradients.
Movimiento de Rotación Rotación del lado OA This rate of change of the volume per unit volum
✓ ◆ Componentes de Velocidad Angular
• Existen gradientes de velocidad. ✓ ◆ see that the volume
✓ of a fluid ◆ may change as th
d↵ @v 1 ✓ ◆
!OA = = x 1 @w @v 1 @u @w 1 @v for an
flow field. However, @uincompressible fluid t
• No produce deformación en el fluido. dt267 @x x !y = ! =
6.1 Fluid Element Kinematics !x = 2 @z @x volumez cannot2 change
@x @y without a change in fl
2 @y @z
<latexit sha1_base64="ol86BFZdy8h7Foa/8/GCqHY3d5M=">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</latexit>

Variations in the velocity in the direction of the ve

<latexit sha1_base64="1WTyJCjfBFgUGDhxEIef/6NPraI=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="lYVZ/ZZzV/ViFk8V4AvZeyFLVL4=">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</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="T59EV9AzgcKgeOb2EAKOp5ZNDpA=">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</latexit>

) ∂∂__yu δ y) δt Rotación del lado OB and 0w ! 0z, simply cause a linear deformation of
Vector Velocidad Angular ! = !x î + !y ĵ + !z k̂
∂u
u + ___ δ y
✓ ◆ <latexit sha1_base64="YK/AvGcN7m7Uv2GgQBIEF/VRr1A=">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</latexit>

does not change. Cross derivatives, such as 0u

B
∂y
B B' d @u 1 generally to undergo an angular deformation, w
!OB = = y
δβ
dt @y y 1
<latexit sha1_base64="d3GBE6JqO8ST4pQNQm1NHgdVrFs=">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</latexit>

!= r⇥V Tarea: Verificar!

δy δy
Rotación del elemento alrededor de z
<latexit sha1_base64="4HlpqW5c/6Xlq+OYmEcUa+bj7+g=">AAACJHicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSK4kDJTCupCKLhxWcE+oFPKnTTThiaZIckIZZif8Cf8Bbe6dyUu3LjwS0wfC9t6IHA491zOzQlizrRx3S8nt7a+sbmV3y7s7O7tHxQPj5o6ShShDRLxSLUD0JQzSRuGGU7bsaIgAk5bweh2Mm89UqVZJB/MOKZdAQPJQkbAWKlXvPADkfqRoAPI8A32QwUk9bK0kvkSAg6+YYJqPHE1s16x5JbdKfAq8eakhOao94o/fj8iiaDSEA5adzw3Nt0UlGGE06zgJ5rGQEYwoB1LJdisbjr9VYbPrNLHYaTskwZP1b8bKQitxyKwTgFmqJdnE/G/WScx4VU3ZTJODJVkFhQmHJsITyrCfaYoMXxsCRDF7K2YDMEWY2yRCymByAq2FG+5glXSqJSvy959tVSrztvJoxN0is6Rhy5RDd2hOmoggp7QC3pFb86z8+58OJ8za86Z7xyjBTjfvzq5pZA=</latexit>
sha1_base64="qlvJy0ZzfVzvZ8ut/U2GMI3ZmaQ=">AAAB6HicbZC9TsMwFIVvyl8JBcrMYlEhMVUJC7AhsTAWidBKJaocx2mt2k5k3yCqqC/Ays6EeCdWngT3Z6AtR7J0dI6te/0lhRQWg+Dbq21t7+zu1ff9g4Z/eHTcbDzZvDSMRyyXuekl1HIpNI9QoOS9wnCqEsm7yfhu1ndfuLEi1484KXis6FCLTDCKLuoMmq2gHcxFNk24NC1YatD8eU5zViqukUlqbT8MCowralAwyaf+c2l5QdmYDnnfWU0Vt3E1X3NKzl2Skiw37mgk8/Tvi4oqaycqcTcVxZFd72bhf12/xOw6roQuSuSaLQZlpSSYk9mfSSoMZygnzlBmhNuVsBE1lKEjszIlUVPfMQnXCWya6LJ90w4fAqjDKZzBBYRwBbdwDx2IgEEKb/DuvXof3ucCXc1bMjyBFXlfv2/xkKM=</latexit>
sha1_base64="EXwUr0re2qPTnTLRKmJxKSfLaDE=">AAACGXicbZDNSgMxFIXv+Ftr1erWTVAEF1Jm3KgLQXDjsoJthc5Q7qSZGkwyQ5IRyjAv4Uv4Cm5170pcuPVJzLRdaPVC4HDODSf54kxwY33/01tYXFpeWa2t1dcbG5tbze1G16S5pqxDU5Hq2xgNE1yxjuVWsNtMM5SxYL34/rLKew9MG56qGzvOWCRxpHjCKVpnDZpHYSyLMJVshCU5J2GikRZBWRyXocJYYGi5ZIZUW91y0Nz3W/5kyF8RzMQ+zKY9aH6Fw5TmkilLBRrTD/zMRgVqy6lgZT3MDcuQ3uOI9Z1U6LqiYvKrkhw4Z0iSVLujLJm4P28UKI0Zy9htSrR3Zj6rzP+yfm6T06jgKsstU3RalOSC2JRUiMiQa0atGDuBVHP3VkLv0IGxDuSvlliWdQclmEfwV3SOW2et4NqHGuzCHhxCACdwAVfQhg5QeIRneIFX78l7896n9Ba8GcYd+DXexzckAqQP</latexit>
sha1_base64="JWKXo8+qVyad8hBP3ppQPogBVGo=">AAACJHicbVDLSgMxFM34rPVVdekmWAQXUmaKoC6EghuXFewDOqXcSTNtaJIZkoxQhvkJf8JfcKt7V+LCjQu/xEzbhW09EDicey7n5gQxZ9q47pezsrq2vrFZ2Cpu7+zu7ZcODps6ShShDRLxSLUD0JQzSRuGGU7bsaIgAk5bweg2n7ceqdIskg9mHNOugIFkISNgrNQrnfuBSP1I0AFk+Ab7oQKSellazXwJAQffMEE1zl3NrFcquxV3ArxMvBkpoxnqvdKP349IIqg0hIPWHc+NTTcFZRjhNCv6iaYxkBEMaMdSCTarm05+leFTq/RxGCn7pMET9e9GCkLrsQisU4AZ6sVZLv436yQmvOqmTMaJoZJMg8KEYxPhvCLcZ4oSw8eWAFHM3orJEGwxxhY5lxKIrGhL8RYrWCaNauW64t275drFrJ0COkYn6Ax56BLV0B2qowYi6Am9oFf05jw7786H8zm1rjiznSM0B+f7Fzl5pYw=</latexit>
2 6.1.3 Angular Motion and Deformation
v
∂v
v + ___ δ x
A'
) ∂∂__vx δ x) δ t t ✓ ◆ For simplicity we will consider motion in the x
u
δx
∂x
δx
δα
A
F I G U R E 6.4
1 1 @v @u Campo (Vectorial) de Vorticidad
O A O
! = z motion and OA
Angular deforma- (! + !OB ) = the more general three dimensional case. The
(a) (b) tion of a fluid element.
<latexit sha1_base64="/51bm0nTgs1TrwS1kjFZ3Nr8+YE=">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</latexit>
2 2 @x @y ⌦ = 2! = r ⇥ V <latexit sha1_base64="1zBAR6vFTiamD6+WWHEk6zkCzZM=">AAACJ3icbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSK4qjOloC6Eght3VrC10CnlTpq2oUlmSDJCGeYz/Al/wa3uXYku9UtM21nY1guBc8+5l3NzgogzbVz3y8mtrK6tb+Q3C1vbO7t7xf2Dpg5jRWiDhDxUrQA05UzShmGG01akKIiA04dgdD3RHx6p0iyU92Yc0Y6AgWR9RsBYqls88wOR+LeCDiDFV7gybcOs9SUEHHzDBNV4ojTTbrHklt1p4WXgZaCEsqp3iz9+LySxoNIQDlq3PTcynQSUYYTTtODHmkZARjCgbQslWK9OMv1Yik8s08P9UNknDZ6yfzcSEFqPRWAnBZihXtQm5H9aOzb9i07CZBQbKsnMqB9zbEI8SQn3mKLE8LEFQBSzt2IyBAXE2CznXAKRFmwo3mIEy6BRKV+WvbtqqVbN0smjI3SMTpGHzlEN3aA6aiCCntALekVvzrPz7nw4n7PRnJPtHKK5cr5/Ad9Kplo=</latexit>
deformation is illustrated in Fig. 6.4a. In a shor
rotate through the angles da and db to the new positions OA¿ and OB¿ , as is shown in Fig. 6.4b.
The angular velocity of line OA, vOA, is 27 Preparado por M. Valdez 28 Preparado por M. Valdez ∂__
u
u+ δx
da u ∂x
B C B
.3 Shear vOA ! lim
27 28
dtS0 dt
ormation
For small angles
Rotación y Viscosidad Flujo Irrotacional
Rotación y Viscosidad

¿Cuál es la causa de la rotación en el flujo de un del fluido? ¿Cuál es la causa de la rotación en el flujo de un del fluido?
u = U1
<latexit sha1_base64="boYPK/gZAzLHtfyFxowD+iya7X8=">AAACAXicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tFoNgFe5E0EYI2FhG8JJgcoS9zV6yZHfv2N0TjiOVf8FWezux9ZfY+kvcJFeYxAcDj/dmmJkXJpxp47rfTmltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61dJwqQn0S81h1QqwpZ5L6hhlOO4miWISctsPx7dRvP1GlWSwfTJbQQOChZBEj2FjpMb3x+z0mI5P1qzW37s6AVolXkBoUaParP71BTFJBpSEca9313MQEOVaGEU4nlV6qaYLJGA9p11KJBdVBPrt4gs6sMkBRrGxJg2bq34kcC60zEdpOgc1IL3tT8T+vm5roOsiZTFJDJZkvilKOTIym76MBU5QYnlmCiWL2VkRGWGFibEgLW0IxqdhQvOUIVknrou65de/+sta4LOIpwwmcwjl4cAUNuIMm+EBAwgu8wpvz7Lw7H87nvLXkFDPHsADn6xfhMJdi</latexit>

Analizamos las Componentes del Campo de Vorticidad: v=0 ¿u(y) = U1 ? u = f (y) 6= Constante
@u
<latexit sha1_base64="HtxVD3OHhBjip3AzK/s30EaD+SM=">AAAB+3icbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoBeh4MVjBfsBbSib7aZdursJu5tCCfkLXvXuTbz6Y7z6S9y0OdjWBwOP92aYmRfEnGnjut9OaWt7Z3evvF85ODw6PqmennV0lChC2yTikeoFWFPOJG0bZjjtxYpiEXDaDaYPud+dUaVZJJ/NPKa+wGPJQkawyaXZPXKH1ZpbdxdAm8QrSA0KtIbVn8EoIomg0hCOte57bmz8FCvDCKdZZZBoGmMyxWPat1RiQbWfLm7N0JVVRiiMlC1p0EL9O5FiofVcBLZTYDPR614u/uf1ExPe+SmTcWKoJMtFYcKRiVD+OBoxRYnhc0swUczeisgEK0yMjWdlSyCyig3FW49gk3Ru6p5b954atWajiKcMF3AJ1+DBLTThEVrQBgITeIFXeHMy5935cD6XrSWnmDmHFThfv1ynlD0=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="SGQ867fZyt7ADrsfaqgSA8hnmgQ=">AAACFnicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+RS1FWAyCNuFOAtoIgTSWEYwGkhD2NnNmye7esTsnHkcq/4R/wVZ7O7G1tfWXuIkp/How8Hhvhpl5YSKFRd9/9wpz8wuLS8Xl0srq2vpGeXPr0sap4dDisYxNO2QWpNDQQoES2okBpkIJV+GoMfGvbsBYEesLzBLoKXatRSQ4Qyf1y7spPaXRQXbY1dBFuEWj8kasLTKNMO6XK37Vn4L+JcGMVMgMzX75ozuIeapAI5fM2k7gJ9jLmUHBJYxL3dRCwviIXUPHUc0U2F4+fWNM950yoFFsXGmkU/X7RM6UtZkKXadiOLS/vYn4n9dJMTrp5UInKYLmX4uiVFKM6SQTOhAGOMrMEcaNcLdSPmSGcXTJ/dgSqnHJhRL8juAvuTyqBn41OK9V6rVZPEWyQ/bIAQnIMamTM9IkLcLJHXkgj+TJu/eevRfv9au14M1mtskPeG+ft+efXQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="b6hT3dvQrJfOSRhtUOaeSdVWQMY=">AAACD3icbVDLSsNAFJ34rPVVdeHCTbAIdVMSKagLacGNywrGFppQJ9NJO3QyCTM3Ygj5CX/Bre5diVs/wa1f4vSxsK0HLhzOuZd77/FjzhRY1rextLyyurZe2Chubm3v7Jb29u9VlEhCHRLxSLZ9rChngjrAgNN2LCkOfU5b/vB65LceqVQsEneQxtQLcV+wgBEMWuqWDl2gT5DVH/Kkkp5eOV2XiQDSerdUtqrWGOYisaekjKZodks/bi8iSUgFEI6V6thWDF6GJTDCaV50E0VjTIa4TzuaChxS5WXjB3LzRCs9M4ikLgHmWP07keFQqTT0dWeIYaDmvZH4n9dJILjwMibiBKggk0VBwk2IzFEaZo9JSoCnmmAimb7VJAMsMQGd2cwWP8yLOhR7PoJF4pxVL6v2ba3cqE3TKaAjdIwqyEbnqIFuUBM5iKAcvaBX9GY8G+/Gh/E5aV0ypjMHaAbG1y9vcJyq</latexit>

⌦z = =0 v=0 v⇡0
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ @y
<latexit sha1_base64="HtxVD3OHhBjip3AzK/s30EaD+SM=">AAAB+3icbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0mkoBeh4MVjBfsBbSib7aZdursJu5tCCfkLXvXuTbz6Y7z6S9y0OdjWBwOP92aYmRfEnGnjut9OaWt7Z3evvF85ODw6PqmennV0lChC2yTikeoFWFPOJG0bZjjtxYpiEXDaDaYPud+dUaVZJJ/NPKa+wGPJQkawyaXZPXKH1ZpbdxdAm8QrSA0KtIbVn8EoIomg0hCOte57bmz8FCvDCKdZZZBoGmMyxWPat1RiQbWfLm7N0JVVRiiMlC1p0EL9O5FiofVcBLZTYDPR614u/uf1ExPe+SmTcWKoJMtFYcKRiVD+OBoxRYnhc0swUczeisgEK0yMjWdlSyCyig3FW49gk3Ru6p5b954atWajiKcMF3AJ1+DBLTThEVrQBgITeIFXeHMy5935cD6XrSWnmDmHFThfv1ynlD0=</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="RuSCo35M2xZvEgi2lDLmD7kf1eA=">AAACAXicbVC7SgNBFL0bXzG+opY2g0GwCrsS0DJgYxnBPDBZwuxkkgyZxzIzGwxLKn/BVns7sfVLbP0SJ8kWJvHAhcM593LvPVHMmbG+/+3lNja3tnfyu4W9/YPDo+LxScOoRBNaJ4or3YqwoZxJWrfMctqKNcUi4rQZjW5nfnNMtWFKPthJTEOBB5L1GcHWSY/jDo5jrZ6Q3y2W/LI/B1onQUZKkKHWLf50eookgkpLODamHfixDVOsLSOcTgudxNAYkxEe0LajEgtqwnR+8RRdOKWH+kq7khbN1b8TKRbGTETkOgW2Q7PqzcT/vHZi+zdhymScWCrJYlE/4cgqNHsf9ZimxPKJI5ho5m5FZIg1JtaFtLQlEtOCCyVYjWCdNK7KgV8O7iulaiWLJw9ncA6XEMA1VOEOalAHAhJe4BXevGfv3fvwPhetOS+bOYUleF+/l4aXMg==</latexit>

@w @v @u @w @v @u
⌦x = ⌦y = ⌦z = @u U1
@y @z @z @x @x @y ¿ = 0?
<latexit sha1_base64="soqQpLidQZLoCXBYdx+5gKwhTZM=">AAAB/nicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tDoNgFe5EULuAjWUEzwSSI+xt9pIlu3vH7pxwhBT+BVvtrcTWv2LrL3GTXGESHww83pthZl6UCm7Q876d0tr6xuZWebuys7u3f1A9PHo0SaYpC2giEt2OiGGCKxYgR8HaqWZERoK1otHt1G89MW14oh4wT1koyUDxmFOCVmoHvS5XMea9as2rezO4q8QvSA0KNHvVn24/oZlkCqkgxnR8L8VwTDRyKtik0s0MSwkdkQHrWKqIZCYcz+6duGdW6btxom0pdGfq34kxkcbkMrKdkuDQLHtT8T+vk2F8HY65SjNkis4XxZlwMXGnz7t9rhlFkVtCqOb2VpcOiSYUbUQLWyI5qdhQ/OUIVklwUb+p+/eXtcZlkU4ZTuAUzsGHK2jAHTQhAAoCXuAV3pxn5935cD7nrSWnmDmGBThfv91mlnA=</latexit>

@y
<latexit sha1_base64="bfLy102t2hFGJCnlt0ov8jNNgeI=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="4LyS89ZmMw+T7BifndBz2g9fu1U=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5EDCDWT4SEkfKdm09yBD7n47uho=">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</latexit>

@u @u
Ejemplo: Flujo Bidimensional U1 <latexit sha1_base64="Ddxw74crTk3s2wFT7+lKV3UGkKc=">AAACInicbZDLSgMxFIYzXmu9jbp0EyyCbsqMFHQjLbhxWcFeoDPUTJppQzMXkjNiGeYZfAlfwa3u3YkrwZVPYqYtaFsPBD7+/5yc5PdiwRVY1qextLyyurZe2Chubm3v7Jp7+00VJZKyBo1EJNseUUzwkDWAg2DtWDISeIK1vOFV7rfumVQ8Cm9hFDM3IP2Q+5wS0FLXPHWAPUBavcscXxKaOjGRwInASfbLo+zSqnbNklW2xoUXwZ5CCU2r3jW/nV5Ek4CFQAVRqmNbMbhpficVLCs6iWIxoUPSZx2NIQmYctPxlzJ8rJUe9iOpTwh4rP6dSEmg1CjwdGdAYKDmvVz8z+sk4F+4KQ/jBFhIJ4v8RGCIcJ4P7nHJKIiRBkIl12/FdEB0NKBTnNniBVlRh2LPR7AIzbOybZXtm0qpVpnGU0CH6AidIBudoxq6RnXUQBQ9omf0gl6NJ+PNeDc+Jq1LxnTmAM2U8fUDPfmk6Q==</latexit>

6= 0 ⌦z ⇡ 6= 0
@y @y
<latexit sha1_base64="soqQpLidQZLoCXBYdx+5gKwhTZM=">AAAB/nicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tDoNgFe5EULuAjWUEzwSSI+xt9pIlu3vH7pxwhBT+BVvtrcTWv2LrL3GTXGESHww83pthZl6UCm7Q876d0tr6xuZWebuys7u3f1A9PHo0SaYpC2giEt2OiGGCKxYgR8HaqWZERoK1otHt1G89MW14oh4wT1koyUDxmFOCVmoHvS5XMea9as2rezO4q8QvSA0KNHvVn24/oZlkCqkgxnR8L8VwTDRyKtik0s0MSwkdkQHrWKqIZCYcz+6duGdW6btxom0pdGfq34kxkcbkMrKdkuDQLHtT8T+vk2F8HY65SjNkis4XxZlwMXGnz7t9rhlFkVtCqOb2VpcOiSYUbUQLWyI5qdhQ/OUIVklwUb+p+/eXtcZlkU4ZTuAUzsGHK2jAHTQhAAoCXuAV3pxn5935cD7nrSWnmDmGBThfv91mlnA=</latexit>

@
<latexit sha1_base64="Qs2sEzsCC1TeVQNQbhxvviaD6H0=">AAACGnicbZBNS8MwGMfT+TbnW9Wjl+gQPI1WBnocePE4wb3AWkaapVtYkpYkFUrp2S/hV/Cqd2/i1YtXP4npVtBtPhD48f8/T57kH8SMKu04X1ZlbX1jc6u6XdvZ3ds/sA+PuipKJCYdHLFI9gOkCKOCdDTVjPRjSRAPGOkF05vC7z0QqWgk7nUaE5+jsaAhxUgbaWifeqFEOPNiJDVFDCb5L6e5J4gztOtOw5kVXAW3hDooqz20v71RhBNOhMYMKTVwnVj7WXEpZiSveYkiMcJTNCYDgwJxovxs9pUcnhtlBMNImiM0nKl/JzLElUp5YDo50hO17BXif94g0eG1n1ERJ5oIPF8UJgzqCBa5wBGVBGuWGkBYUvNWiCfIZKNNegtbAp7XTCjucgSr0L1suE7DvWvWW80ynio4AWfgArjgCrTALWiDDsDgETyDF/BqPVlv1rv1MW+tWOXMMVgo6/MH1k6hlA==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5N3JUvhbfUuxZuX85zt+Gala+tw=">AAACK3icbZDLSgMxFIYz3q23qks3wSK4scxIQZeCG3cqWBU6pZxJz9RgkglJRqzDvIcv4Su41b0rxZXge5jWgtcDgY//Pycn+RMtuHVh+ByMjU9MTk3PzFbm5hcWl6rLK6c2yw3DJstEZs4TsCi4wqbjTuC5NggyEXiWXO4P/LMrNJZn6sT1NbYl9BRPOQPnpU51Oz6U2IPODY1Ba5Ndb8WpAVbEGozjIGhefnG/jBWGnWotrIfDon8hGkGNjOqoU32LuxnLJSrHBFjbikLt2sXgUiawrMS5RQ3sEnrY8qhAom0Xw7+VdMMrXZpmxh/l6FD9PlGAtLYvE98pwV3Y395A/M9r5S7dbRdc6dyhYp+L0lxQl9FBULTLDTIn+h6AGe7fStkF+Gycj/PHlkSWFR9K9DuCv3C6XY/CenTcqO01RvHMkDWyTjZJRHbIHjkgR6RJGLkl9+SBPAZ3wVPwErx+to4Fo5lV8qOC9w9pJaif</latexit>

w=0 =0 y x
@z
<latexit sha1_base64="NvX2t6U8Zim0wezvqNAZ9ctdA3M=">AAAB+nicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tFoNgFe4koI0QsLGMaD4gOcLeZi9Zsrt37O4px5mfYKu9ndj6Z2z9JW6SK0zig4HHezPMzAtizrRx3W+nsLa+sblV3C7t7O7tH5QPj1o6ShShTRLxSHUCrClnkjYNM5x2YkWxCDhtB+Obqd9+pEqzSD6YNKa+wEPJQkawsdL907XbL1fcqjsDWiVeTiqQo9Ev//QGEUkElYZwrHXXc2PjZ1gZRjidlHqJpjEmYzykXUslFlT72ezUCTqzygCFkbIlDZqpfycyLLRORWA7BTYjvexNxf+8bmLCKz9jMk4MlWS+KEw4MhGa/o0GTFFieGoJJorZWxEZYYWJseksbAnEpGRD8ZYjWCWti6rnVr27WqVey+Mpwgmcwjl4cAl1uIUGNIHAEF7gFd6cZ+fd+XA+560FJ585hgU4X78F8pQU</latexit>

✓ ◆
<latexit sha1_base64="TktJaPzuXtZzaacn8cP2k37viYA=">AAAB+HicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tDoNgFe5E0DJgY5mA+YDkCHubuWTJ7t6xuyfGI7/AVns7sfXf2PpL3CRXmMQHA4/3ZpiZFyacaeN5305hY3Nre6e4W9rbPzg8Kh+ftHScKopNGvNYdUKikTOJTcMMx06ikIiQYzsc38389iMqzWL5YCYJBoIMJYsYJcZKjad+ueJVvTncdeLnpAI56v3yT28Q01SgNJQTrbu+l5ggI8owynFa6qUaE0LHZIhdSyURqINsfujUvbDKwI1iZUsad67+nciI0HoiQtspiBnpVW8m/ud1UxPdBhmTSWpQ0sWiKOWuid3Z1+6AKaSGTywhVDF7q0tHRBFqbDZLW0IxLdlQ/NUI1knrqup7Vb9xXald5/EU4QzO4RJ8uIEa3EMdmkAB4QVe4c15dt6dD+dz0Vpw8plTWILz9QsQXpOU</latexit>
<latexit

¡Rotación!
<latexit sha1_base64="1d6rDqb8Squb1npffqFpB/4Vrok=">AAACFnicbZBNS8MwGMfT+TbnW9WjCMEheBqtDPQiDLx4nOBeYC0jzdItLElLkgqz9OSX8Ct41bs38erVq5/EdCviNh8I/Pj/nydP8g9iRpV2nC+rtLK6tr5R3qxsbe/s7tn7B20VJRKTFo5YJLsBUoRRQVqaaka6sSSIB4x0gvF17nfuiVQ0End6EhOfo6GgIcVIG6lvH3uhRDj1YiQ1RSz7JfiQXTl9u+rUnGnBZXALqIKimn372xtEOOFEaMyQUj3XibWf5ldiRrKKlygSIzxGQ9IzKBAnyk+n38jgqVEGMIykOULDqfp3IkVcqQkPTCdHeqQWvVz8z+slOrz0UyriRBOBZ4vChEEdwTwTOKCSYM0mBhCW1LwV4hEyuWiT3NyWgGcVE4q7GMEytM9rrlNzb+vVRr2IpwyOwAk4Ay64AA1wA5qgBTB4BM/gBbxaT9ab9W59zFpLVjFzCObK+vwBq7mf5g==</latexit>

@v @u
⌦x = 0 ⌦y = 0 ⌦z =
<latexit sha1_base64="3QnL9TfmP9TYB1YkcLZgEm0x96Q=">AAACAnicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tFoNgFe4koI0QsLEzgvmAyxH2NnvJkt29Y3dPDEc6/4Kt9nZi6x+x9Ze4Sa4wiQ8GHu/NMDMvTDjTxnW/ncLa+sbmVnG7tLO7t39QPjxq6ThVhDZJzGPVCbGmnEnaNMxw2kkUxSLktB2ObqZ++5EqzWL5YMYJDQQeSBYxgo2V/O6doAPce0LXbq9ccavuDGiVeDmpQI5Gr/zT7cckFVQawrHWvucmJsiwMoxwOil1U00TTEZ4QH1LJRZUB9ns5Ak6s0ofRbGyJQ2aqX8nMiy0HovQdgpshnrZm4r/eX5qoqsgYzJJDZVkvihKOTIxmv6P+kxRYvjYEkwUs7ciMsQKE2NTWtgSiknJhuItR7BKWhdVz61697VKvZbHU4QTOIVz8OAS6nALDWgCgRhe4BXenGfn3flwPuetBSefOYYFOF+/oCiXKQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="VECAZtku09JVfZKUWEV5suYiamw=">AAACAnicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+RS1tFoNgFe5E0EYI2NgZwXzA5Qh7m7lkye7esbsnHEc6/4Kt9nZi6x+x9Ze4Sa4wiQ8GHu/NMDMvTDjTxnW/ndLa+sbmVnm7srO7t39QPTxq6zhVFFo05rHqhkQDZxJahhkO3UQBESGHTji+nfqdJ1CaxfLRZAkEggwlixglxkp+717AkPQzfOP2qzW37s6AV4lXkBoq0OxXf3qDmKYCpKGcaO17bmKCnCjDKIdJpZdqSAgdkyH4lkoiQAf57OQJPrPKAEexsiUNnql/J3IitM5EaDsFMSO97E3F/zw/NdF1kDOZpAYknS+KUo5NjKf/4wFTQA3PLCFUMXsrpiOiCDU2pYUtoZhUbCjecgSrpH1R99y693BZa1wW8ZTRCTpF58hDV6iB7lATtRBFMXpBr+jNeXbenQ/nc95acoqZY7QA5+sXob+XKg==</latexit>

@x @y
¿El fluido desliza sobre la superficie? No hay deslizamiento del fluido
<latexit sha1_base64="5EDCDWT4SEkfKdm09yBD7n47uho=">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</latexit>

29 Preparado por M. Valdez 30 Preparado por M. Valdez

29 30

Rotación y Viscosidad Rotación y Viscosidad

¿Cuá es a causa de a o ac ón en e u o de un de u do?

¿Cual es la causa de la rotación en el seno del fluido?
@u La o a ón n un u o p odu uando x n g ad en e de ve o dad
Reg ón de F u o Un o me o ac ona =0 E o g ad n d v o dad on on u n a d a ue za de o e v o a
@y
U1 Las ue zas de co e v scosas son s gn ca vas en
<latexit sha1_base64="soqQpLidQZLoCXBYdx+5gKwhTZM=">AAAB/nicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tDoNgFe5EULuAjWUEzwSSI+xt9pIlu3vH7pxwhBT+BVvtrcTWv2LrL3GTXGESHww83pthZl6UCm7Q876d0tr6xuZWebuys7u3f1A9PHo0SaYpC2giEt2OiGGCKxYgR8HaqWZERoK1otHt1G89MW14oh4wT1koyUDxmFOCVmoHvS5XMea9as2rezO4q8QvSA0KNHvVn24/oZlkCqkgxnR8L8VwTDRyKtik0s0MSwkdkQHrWKqIZCYcz+6duGdW6btxom0pdGfq34kxkcbkMrKdkuDQLHtT8T+vk2F8HY65SjNkis4XxZlwMXGnz7t9rhlFkVtCqOb2VpcOiSYUbUQLWyI5qdhQ/OUIVklwUb+p+/eXtcZlkU4ZTuAUzsGHK2jAHTQhAAoCXuAV3pxn5935cD7nrSWnmDmGBThfv91mlnA=</latexit>

U1
U1
<latexit sha1_base64="soqQpLidQZLoCXBYdx+5gKwhTZM=">AAAB/nicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tDoNgFe5EULuAjWUEzwSSI+xt9pIlu3vH7pxwhBT+BVvtrcTWv2LrL3GTXGESHww83pthZl6UCm7Q876d0tr6xuZWebuys7u3f1A9PHo0SaYpC2giEt2OiGGCKxYgR8HaqWZERoK1otHt1G89MW14oh4wT1koyUDxmFOCVmoHvS5XMea9as2rezO4q8QvSA0KNHvVn24/oZlkCqkgxnR8L8VwTDRyKtik0s0MSwkdkQHrWKqIZCYcz+6duGdW6btxom0pdGfq34kxkcbkMrKdkuDQLHtT8T+vk2F8HY65SjNkis4XxZlwMXGnz7t9rhlFkVtCqOb2VpcOiSYUbUQLWyI5qdhQ/OUIVklwUb+p+/eXtcZlkU4ZTuAUzsGHK2jAHTQhAAoCXuAV3pxn5935cD7nrSWnmDmGBThfv91mlnA=</latexit>

Pa edes só das donde a cond c ón de no des zam en o p oduce a capa

U1 @u m e con ve oc dad es ce o sob e a pa ed
6= 0 Cho os y es e as de cue pos donde co en es de d e en es ve oc dades
@y
encuen an eg ones de g andes ue zas v scosas
<latexit sha1_base64="Qs2sEzsCC1TeVQNQbhxvviaD6H0=">AAACGnicbZBNS8MwGMfT+TbnW9Wjl+gQPI1WBnocePE4wb3AWkaapVtYkpYkFUrp2S/hV/Cqd2/i1YtXP4npVtBtPhD48f8/T57kH8SMKu04X1ZlbX1jc6u6XdvZ3ds/sA+PuipKJCYdHLFI9gOkCKOCdDTVjPRjSRAPGOkF05vC7z0QqWgk7nUaE5+jsaAhxUgbaWifeqFEOPNiJDVFDCb5L6e5J4gztOtOw5kVXAW3hDooqz20v71RhBNOhMYMKTVwnVj7WXEpZiSveYkiMcJTNCYDgwJxovxs9pUcnhtlBMNImiM0nKl/JzLElUp5YDo50hO17BXif94g0eG1n1ERJ5oIPF8UJgzqCBa5wBGVBGuWGkBYUvNWiCfIZKNNegtbAp7XTCjucgSr0L1suE7DvW
sha1_base64="Qs2sEzsCC1TeVQNQbhxvviaD6H0=">AAACGnicbZBNS8MwGMfT+TbnW9Wjl+gQPI1WBnocePE4wb3AWkaapVtYkpYkFUrp2S/hV/Cqd2/i1YtXP4npVtBtPhD48f8/T57kH8SMKu04X1ZlbX1jc6u6XdvZ3ds/sA+PuipKJCYdHLFI9gOkCKOCdDTVjPRjSRAPGOkF05vC7z0QqWgk7nUaE5+jsaAhxUgbaWifeqFEOPNiJDVFDCb5L6e5J4gztOtOw5kVXAW3hDooqz20v71RhBNOhMYMKTVwnVj7WXEpZiSveYkiMcJTNCYDgwJxovxs9pUcnhtlBMNImiM0nKl/JzLElUp5YDo50hO17BXif94g0eG1n1ERJ5oIPF8UJgzqCBa5wBGVBGuWGkBYUvNWiCfIZKNNegtbAp7XTCjucgSr0L1suE7DvWvWW80ynio4AWfgArjgCrTALWiDDsDgETyDF/BqPVlv1rv1MW+tWOXMMVgo6/MH1k6hlA==</latexit>

Capa L m e Ro ac ona
y u(y)

31 Preparado por M. Valdez P M V

31 32

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Clase4 Cinematica

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Clase4 Cinematica

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Unidad III: Cinemática

r0P := x0P î + y0P ĵ + z0P k̂

La posición de la partícula fluida P depende de su posición

3 Preparado por M. Valdez 4 Preparado por M. Valdez

Descripción Lagrangiana: Descripción Lagrangiana:

S Necesario conocer el movimiento de todas

(infinitas) las partículas fluidas P1

Descripciones Lagrangiana y Descripciones Lagrangiana y

Descr pc ón Eu er ana Desc be e compo am en o de u do mov m en o Descr pc ón Eu er ana

k̂ P3 k̂ Campo esca a de Dens dad ⇢ = ⇢˜(x y z t)

r = xî + y ĵ + z k̂ :Posición de un Punto Fijo del Espacio

rP = xP (t)î + yP (t)ĵ + zP (t)k̂ :Posición de la Partícula P S Unidimensional, Bidimensional, Tridimensional

La velocidad de una partícula (P.V. Lagrangiano) al atravesar S Estacionario o Inestacionario

Tipos de Flujo Líneas de Flujo

Flujo Unidimensional (Dos componentes del campo de velocidad son nulas)

@y @z S Son tangentes al campo de velocidad (Euleriano) en todo

Flujo Bidimensional (Una componente del campo de velocidad es nula)

Líneas de Flujo Líneas

u ! 1#V "/2x and v ! 1V "/2y (1)

separated and the equation integrated to

donde V0 y ` son constantes. Determine

xare plotted in Fig. E4.2. A comparison of this figure with Fig.

y COMMENT Note that a flow is not completely specified by –4

ĵ dx dz dy the shape of the streamlines alone. For example, the streamlines

flow direction are correct for V0 "/ ! 10 since, from Eq. 1,

That is, the flow is from right to left. For

Líneas de Trayectoria Líneas de Trayectoria

E emp o E campo de ve oc dade e a dado po

Línea de Traza que une P1, P2, P3,…

17 Preparado por M. Valdez 18 Preparado por M. Valdez

Derivada Material o Sustancial Derivada Material o Sustancial

y Derivada de un campo vectorial o escalar del y

19 Preparado por M. Valdez

Derivada Material o Sustancial

Derivada Material o Sustancial

` Determine elIncampo deacceleration

Si los efectos viscosos y gravitacionales son despreciables, el campo de velocidad DV 0V a

football-velocity dimensional l becomes

We begin our introduction

" c a$ b 1x2102 " a b 1y2 a b d ĵ ay y

General Translation Linear Rotation Angular

because of the presence of velocity gradients,

and the rate at which the volume d "

change per unit in the general case,

Variations in the velocity in the direction of the ve

does not change. Cross derivatives, such as 0u

!= r⇥V Tarea: Verificar!

29 Preparado por M. Valdez 30 Preparado por M. Valdez

Rotación y Viscosidad Rotación y Viscosidad

¿Cuá es a causa de a o ac ón en e u o de un de u do?

Pa edes só das donde a cond c ón de no des zam en o p oduce a capa

31 Preparado por M. Valdez P M V

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