BASIC
ELECTRONICS Section 2
Eng. Ahmed Abdelhady Abdelfattah
Assistant Lecturer at ECE Dept. , Mansoura University
COURSE CONTENT
1. Introduction & Circuit Analysis Review
2. Diode Models
3. Diode Applications
4. Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)
5. Field Effect Transistors (FETs)
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Diode Biasing
3. Diode Models
4. Sheet Solved Examples
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Introduction
• Diode two layers of semiconductors (P-N).
• The diode has two terminals Anode and Cathode; but unlike
the resistor, which has a linear (straight-line) relationship
between the current flowing through it and the voltage
appearing across it.
• The diode has a nonlinear i–v characteristic.
• Diode conducts current in one direction (from anode to
cathode) and blocks current flow in the opposite direction.
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Diode Biasing
• Forward Bias: when the positive terminal of a voltage source is connected to the anode (P-
type material) of the diode, and the negative terminal is connected to the cathode (N-type
material). Diode is said to be turned on. Allowing current to flow freely from the anode to
the cathode.
• Reverse Bias: when the positive terminal of a voltage source is connected to the cathode
of the diode, and the negative terminal is connected to the anode. Diode is said to be
turned off. Blocking current flow in the reverse direction.
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Diode Models
• Ideal Diode Model
• Practical Diode Model
• Complete Model
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Diode Models
• Ideal Diode Model
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Diode Models
• Practical Diode Model
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Diode Models
• Complete Model:
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Sheet Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 1: Determine whether each silicon diode in the shown Figures is forward-
biased or reverse-biased.
Reverse Biased Forward Biased
Forward Biased Forward Biased
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Sheet Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 2: Determine the voltage across each Si diode in the shown Figures,
assuming the practical model
V(diode) = 5-8 =-3 V V(diode) = 0.7 V
V(diode) = 0.7 V V(diode) = 0.7 V
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Sheet Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 3: Determine the voltage across each diode in the shown Figures,
assuming an ideal diode
V(diode) = 5-8 =-3 V V(diode) = 0 V
V(diode) = 0 V V(diode) = 0 V
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Sheet Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 4: Determine the voltage across each diode in the shown Figures, using the
complete diode model with rd = 10 ohm and rR = 100 M ohm.
Neglect rR’ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟕
V(diode) = 5-8 =-3 V ∴𝐈= = 𝟏𝟕𝟒 𝐦𝑨
𝟓𝟔𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎
∴ 𝑽𝒅 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒 𝒎𝑨 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝒐𝒉𝒎 + 𝟎. 𝟕 𝐕 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟒 𝐕
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Sheet Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 5: Determine the current I for each of the configurations using the approximate
equivalent model for the diode.
(a) I = 0 mA; diode reverse-biased.
(b) KVL : I (20) + 0.7 V = 20 V
𝟐𝟎 𝑽 − 𝟎. 𝟕 𝑽
𝐈(𝟐𝟎 𝛀) = = 0.965 A
20
V ( 10 Ω ) = 20 V − 0.7 V = 19.3 V
𝟏𝟗. 𝟑 𝑽
𝐈(𝟏𝟎 𝛀) = = 1.93 A
10
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Sheet Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 6: Determine the current I for the configuration shown in Fig. using the
approximate equivalent model for the diode.
𝟏𝟎 𝑽
𝐈(𝟏𝟎 𝛀) = 10 = 1 A ; center branch open
EXAMPLE 7 Determine Vo and ID for the networks shown in Fig.
Diode forward-biased,
Vo – (– 5) = 0.7 V
Vo = −4.3 V
𝟒.𝟑 𝑽
∴ IR = ID =
2.2 k = 1.955 mA
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Sheet Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 8: Determine Vo and I for the networks of Fig.
KVL : 12 = 0.3 + Vo
Vo = 11.7 V
𝟏𝟏.𝟕 𝑽
∴ 𝐈(𝟐. 𝟐 𝐤𝛀) = = 5.3 mA
2.2 k
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Sheet Solved Examples
EXAMPLE 9: Determine Vo1, Vo2, and I for the network of Fig.
Both diodes forward-biased
𝐕𝐨𝟏 = 0.7 V
𝐕𝐨𝟐 = 0.3 V
𝟐𝟎 −𝟎.𝟕 𝟎.𝟕 −𝟎.𝟑
1 k = 𝑰 + 0.47 k KCL
𝑰 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝑨
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Thank You
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