The document discusses several key concepts related to buoyancy:
1. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object placed within it. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
2. The center of buoyancy is the point where the total upward buoyant force is considered to act. It is located at the centroid of the submerged volume.
3. For an object to float stably, the center of buoyancy must be above the center of gravity so that any tilting motion is counteracted by restoring forces.
The document discusses several key concepts related to buoyancy:
1. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object placed within it. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
2. The center of buoyancy is the point where the total upward buoyant force is considered to act. It is located at the centroid of the submerged volume.
3. For an object to float stably, the center of buoyancy must be above the center of gravity so that any tilting motion is counteracted by restoring forces.
The document discusses several key concepts related to buoyancy:
1. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object placed within it. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
2. The center of buoyancy is the point where the total upward buoyant force is considered to act. It is located at the centroid of the submerged volume.
3. For an object to float stably, the center of buoyancy must be above the center of gravity so that any tilting motion is counteracted by restoring forces.
The document discusses several key concepts related to buoyancy:
1. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object placed within it. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
2. The center of buoyancy is the point where the total upward buoyant force is considered to act. It is located at the centroid of the submerged volume.
3. For an object to float stably, the center of buoyancy must be above the center of gravity so that any tilting motion is counteracted by restoring forces.
BUOYANCY When a body is immersed in a fluid, an upward force is exerted by the fluid on the body.
The upward force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by
the body and is called the force of buoyancy or simply buoyancy.
CENTER OF BUOYANCY This is defined as the point, through which the force of buoyancy is supposed to act. As the force of buoyancy is a vertical force and is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body, the center of buoyancy will be the center of gravity of the fluid displaced.
2 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
3 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE The resultant fluid force acting on a body that is completely submerged or floating in a fluid is called the buoyant force. The buoyant force is the weight of the displace liquid.
4 BUOYANCY OF FLOATING OBJECT
Depends on the submerged portion of the volume.
where: γ = specific weight of the fluid VD = submerged volume of the object
5 OBJECT ON WATER
Buoyancy is the upward force that an object feels from the water and when compared to the weight of the object, it is what makes an object float, sink, or remain neutrally buoyant in the water.
6 OBJECT ON LIQUID
7 OBJECT ON LIQUID
where:
Wair = weight of the object in air
Wl = weight of the object in the liquid ρl = density of liquid Vs = volume of the submerged part of the object mair = mass of the object in air mapparent = mass of the object in the liquid
8 APPLICATION OF BUOYANCY
9 APPLICATION OF BUOYANCY
10 APPLICATION OF BUOYANCY
11 APPLICATION OF BUOYANCY
12 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY
A body is stable when it is in a stable state of equilibrium which is
when a body is in a state of balance between opposing forces.
Stability is a property that enables the object to develop forces
that restore the object back to its original condition.
The buoyant force on an object acts through the center of
buoyancy, which is the same as the centroid of the displaced volume of liquid.
Since these actions must be equal and opposite, the buoyant force must be above the center of gravity.
13 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY
A body is stable when it is in a stable state of equilibrium which is
when a body is in a state of balance between opposing forces.
Stability is a property that enables the object to develop forces
that restore the object back to its original condition.
The buoyant force on an object acts through the center of
buoyancy, which is the same as the centroid of the displaced volume of liquid.
Since these actions must be equal and opposite, the buoyant force must be above the center of gravity.
14 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY
15 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY
Three Types of Equilibrium Condition:
STABLE: the body returns to its original
position if given a small angular displacement B is above G
NEUTRAL: the body remains in a new position
if given a small angular displacement B coincides with G G is the center of gravity of the body UNSTABLE: the body heals further over if given a small angular displacement B is the center of buoyancy B is below G of the body
16 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY
17 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
Determine the volume of water
displaced and position of center of buoyancy for a wooden block, with a width of 2.5 m, length of 6.0 m and depth of 1.5 m, when it floats horizontally in water. The density of the wooden block is 650 kg/m3. SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2 A stone weighs 392.4 N in air and 196.2 N in water. Compute the volume of stone and its specific gravity.
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3
Determine the density of a metallic body which floats at the interface of mercury (s.g. = 13.6) and water such that 40% of its volume is submerged in mercury and 60% in water. SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4 A float valve regulates the flow of oil (s.g. = 0.8) into a cistern. The spherical float is 15 cm in diameter. AOB is a weightless link carrying the float at one end, and a valve at the other end which closes the pipe through which oil flows into the cistern. The link is mounted in a frictionless hinge at O and the angle AOB is 135°. The length of OA is 20 cm, and the distance b/w the center of the float and the hinge is 50 cm. When the flow is stopped OA will be vertical. The valve is to be pressed on to the seat with a force of 9.81 N to completely stop the flow of oil into the cistern. It was observed that the flow of oil is stopped when the free surface of oil in the cistern is 35 cm below the level of O. Find the weight of the float. STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY: METACENTER
This is the point (point M)
about which a body start oscillating when the body is tilted by a small angle.
This is the point (point M) at
which the line of action of the force of buoyancy will meet the normal axis of the body when the body is given a small angular displacement.
21 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY: METACENTER
STABLE: if M is above G, FB (or
BF) and W will produce a righting (or restoring) moment RM which causes the body to return to its neutral position
NUETRAL (CRITICAL or JUST
STABLE): if M coincides with G
UNSTABLE: if M is below G, FB (or BF) and W will produce an overturning moment OM which causes the body to return to its neutral position 22 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODY: METACENTER
The distance MG is called the metacentric height.
MG > 0 or positive (stable)
MG < 0 or negative (unstable)
23 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5
A rectangular pontoon is 5 m long,
3 m wide and 1.5 m high. The depth of immersion of the pontoon is 0.8 m in seawater. If the center of gravity is 0.6 m above the bottom of the pontoon, determine the metacentric height. The density of seawater is 7025 kg/m3. SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 6
A block of wood (s.g. = 0.7)
floats on water. Determine its metacentric height if its size is 2 m x 1 m x 0.8 m.
