Maya

20400121032

https://youtu.be/9OP5fMdnavU?feature=shared

*1.Why should we learn the genesis of discourse analysis? Please explain your answer.*

Learning about the genesis of discourse analysis is important because it a tool we use to
understand how language works in different situations, like conversations, speeches, or written
texts. It's like understanding the roots of a tree to appreciate its growth and branches better.
Discourse analysis provides context, insight, and connections that deepen our understanding of
how language functions in society.

*2.Do you agree with saying that: that the development of discourse analysis theory is strongly
influenced by the developments of linguistic theories? Why, please explain the reasons for your
position.*

Yes, I agree with that statement. Discourse analysis theory is greatly influenced by
developments in linguistic theories. This is because language is the primary tool used in
discourse analysis to understand how communication works in different contexts. As linguistic
theories evolve and deepen our understanding of language structure, meaning, and use,
discourse analysts can apply these insights to better analyze conversations, texts, and social
interactions. For example, when linguists discover new aspects of grammar or semantics,
discourse analysts can incorporate these findings to better understand how people construct
meaning through language in conversations or written texts.

3.What do you know of traditional grammar theory? Please explain your answers to this
question by referring to these things:

*What is traditional grammar theory?*

Traditional grammar theory refers to a set of rules and principles used to analyze and describe
the structure and usage of a language. It focuses on the components of grammar, such as parts
of speech, syntax, and punctuation.

*What is the main principle of this theory?*

The main principle of traditional grammar theory is to provide a systematic framework for
understanding how language works, primarily through the classification and explanation of
grammatical rules and structures.

*What do teachers who adopt the principle do in teaching a language?*

Teachers who adopt the principle of traditional grammar theory typically emphasize rote
memorization and rule-based learning. They often use drills, exercises, and explanations to
teach students the rules of grammar and how to apply them correctly in sentences.

*What are the products of this theory?*

The products of traditional grammar theory include grammatical textbooks, reference guides,
and educational materials designed to help learners understand and apply the rules of grammar
in writing and speaking.

*What is the main shortcoming of this theory?*

One of the main shortcomings of traditional grammar theory is its focus on prescriptive rules,
which may not always reflect the natural use of language in everyday communication. It can
also be rigid and may not account for the variability and complexity of language use in different
contexts.

*What are grammar translation method and its relation to traditional grammar theory?*

The grammar translation method is an instructional approach that emphasizes the translation
of texts from one language to another, often focusing on literary or classical texts. It is closely
related to traditional grammar theory because it relies on the analysis and application of
grammatical rules and structures to translate sentences between languages. However, this
method has been criticized for its lack of emphasis on communicative competence and its
focus on rote memorization rather than meaningful language use.

4.What do you know of structuralism theory? Please explain your answers to this question by
referring to these things:

*What is structuralism theory and what does De Saussure say about the structure of language?*
Structuralism theory, pioneered by Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, examines language as
a system of interconnected elements rather than focusing on individual words. De Saussure
emphasized that the meaning of linguistic signs arises from their relationships within the
structure of language, rather than from inherent qualities of the signs themselves. He
introduced the concept of the linguistic sign, which consists of a signifier (the form of the word)
and a signified (the concept it represents).

*What are the main principles of this theory?*

The main principles of structuralism include the belief that language is a structured system with
its own rules and patterns, and that these structures shape our understanding of the world.
Structuralists also emphasize the importance of analyzing language in its context and exploring
underlying patterns and relationships.

*What is informant method and what is its relationship to the structuralism theory?*

The informant method is a research approach commonly associated with structuralism. It

involves gathering data from native speakers (informants) to analyze language patterns and
structures. The relationship between the informant method and structuralism lies in their shared
focus on uncovering underlying structures and patterns within language.

*What are the characteristics of the method?*

Characteristics of the informant method include collecting data through interviews,

observations, or surveys with native speakers, and analyzing this data to identify linguistic
patterns and structures. Researchers often seek informants who are knowledgeable about the
language being studied and can provide insights into its usage and structure.

*What is the main shortcoming of this theory?*

One main shortcoming of structuralism theory is its tendency to overlook individual variation
and context in language use. Structuralism's focus on underlying structures and patterns may
neglect the influence of social, cultural, and historical factors on language.

*What is error analysis and what is its relation to the structuralism theory?*

Error analysis is a research method that examines errors made by language learners to gain
insight into the underlying structures and rules of a language. While not directly tied to
structuralism theory, error analysis can complement structuralist approaches by providing data
on how learners internalize and apply linguistic structures. By analyzing errors, researchers can
identify patterns and areas of difficulty in language learning, which can inform language
teaching methods.

5.What do you know of structuralism theory? Please explain your answers to this question by
referring to these things:

*What is functionalism theory and what does Chomsky say about language?*

Functionalism is a sociological theory that views society as a complex system whose parts
work together to promote stability and survival. In psychology, functionalism focuses on how
mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments. Chomsky, a linguist, introduced
the idea of universal grammar, suggesting that humans are born with an innate ability to learn
language. He argued that language acquisition cannot be solely explained by behaviorist
principles, as proposed by B.F. Skinner, but rather by an inborn capacity for language.

*What are the differences between Chomsky's views and Hymes' about language?*

Chomsky and Hymes have differing views on language. Chomsky emphasizes the innate
linguistic structures and the universal grammar that underlie all languages. Hymes, on the other
hand, introduced the concept of communicative competence, which includes not only
knowledge of grammar but also the ability to use language appropriately in different social
contexts.

*What is the main principle of this theory?*

Structuralism, in linguistics, posits that language can be understood through the analysis of its
underlying structures, such as phonemes, morphemes, and syntax. It focuses on the systematic
study of language elements and their interrelationships to uncover underlying patterns and rules.

*What is CLT method and its relation to functionalism theory?*

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is a method of language teaching that emphasizes

communication and functional language use over traditional grammar instruction. CLT aligns
with functionalism theory in that it prioritizes the practical use of language for communication,
rather than solely focusing on linguistic structures.

*What the relationship between Discourse Analysis and functionalism theory?*

Discourse analysis examines language use in context, focusing on how language functions
within social interactions. This approach resonates with functionalism theory as it emphasizes
the pragmatic aspects of language use and how language serves social functions in
communication. Both view language as a tool for social interaction and meaning-making within
specific contexts.