Abdullah Awan # 606

Lab Report 4
Loops in C++
Loops in programming are control flow structures that allow a set of instructions to be repeatedly
executed based on a specified condition. Here are some general concepts about loops:

1. Iteration:

 Loops are used for performing iteration, which is the process of executing a set of
statements or a block of code repeatedly.

 Iteration is useful when you need to perform a task multiple times without
duplicating the code.

2. Initialization, Condition, and Update:

 In many loop constructs, there are three main components:

 Initialization: Setting up initial values or conditions before the loop starts.

 Condition: A Boolean expression that is evaluated before each iteration. If

the condition is true, the loop continues; otherwise, it terminates.

 Update: Modifying variables or conditions within the loop, typically done

after each iteration.

3. Control Flow:

 Loops control the flow of a program by allowing certain blocks of code to be

repeated until a specified condition is met.

 The loop condition is evaluated before each iteration, and if it evaluates to true,
the loop body is executed. If it evaluates to false, the loop exits.

4. Infinite Loops:

 Care should be taken to avoid infinite loops, where the loop condition is always
true, and the loop continues indefinitely.

 Infinite loops can lead to the program becoming unresponsive and may need to be
terminated forcefully.

5. Nested Loops:

 Loops can be nested inside one another, allowing for more complex iteration
patterns.

 Nested loops are common when working with multi-dimensional data structures
or performing multi-level iterations.

Types of Loops
 There are three Types of Loops;
 For Loop
 While Loop Do-While Loop

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For loop:
 The for loop in C++ is a control flow statement that allows you to repeatedly execute a
block of code.

 It consists of three parts: initialization, condition, and update. The initialization is executed
once at the beginning, the condition is checked before each iteration, and the update is
performed after each iteration.

 The loop continues to execute as long as the condition is true.

The syntax of a for loop is:

for (initialization; condition; Increment)

Examples:
1. Write a program to print first 10 natural number.

Output:

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2. Write a program to print the table by given number

Output:

while loop:
 The while loop is another control flow statement used for repetitive execution of a block of
code.

 It has a single condition, and the loop continues to execute as long as the condition is true.

 The condition is checked before each iteration, and if it evaluates to true, the loop body is
executed.

The structure of a while loop in C++ is as follows:

while (condition) {

// body of the loop

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Examples:
1. Write a program to print the “I love Pakistan” 5 times.

Output:

2. Write a program to calculate sum of first 10 odd numbers and also

print numbers

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Output:

do-while loop:
 The do-while loop is similar to the while loop, but with a key difference: the condition is
checked after the execution of the loop body.

 This ensures that the loop body is executed at least once, even if the condition is initially
false.

 The loop continues to execute as long as the condition is true.

The Syntax of Do-While loop is

do {

// code to be executed

} while (condition);

Examples:
1. Print First 10 natural numbers

Output:

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2. Print the Factorial of a number

Output:

continue Statement:

The continue statement is used to skip the rest of the code inside a loop and
proceed to the next iteration.
When a continue statement is encountered, the program jumps directly to
the loop's update or condition check, bypassing the remaining code in the
loop body for the current iteration.

Example:

Output

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break Statement:
 The break statement is used to terminate the entire loop
prematurely, regardless of the loop condition.
 When a break statement is encountered, the program exits the loop
immediately, and the control is transferred to the statement
following the loop.
Example:

Output

Nested Loops:
 Loops can be nested inside one another, allowing for more complex
iteration patterns.
 Nested loops are common when working with multi-dimensional
data structures or performing multi-level iterations.

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Example
Write a Program to print Output as shown. Use setw manipulator.

Output

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