The document discusses the main components and operation of a turbo-fan jet engine, including the diffuser, fan, compressors, combustion chamber, turbines, nozzles, and dual shaft design. It also defines bypass ratio and lists advantages like high thrust during takeoff and disadvantages like increased size.
The document discusses the main components and operation of a turbo-fan jet engine, including the diffuser, fan, compressors, combustion chamber, turbines, nozzles, and dual shaft design. It also defines bypass ratio and lists advantages like high thrust during takeoff and disadvantages like increased size.
The document discusses the main components and operation of a turbo-fan jet engine, including the diffuser, fan, compressors, combustion chamber, turbines, nozzles, and dual shaft design. It also defines bypass ratio and lists advantages like high thrust during takeoff and disadvantages like increased size.
The document discusses the main components and operation of a turbo-fan jet engine, including the diffuser, fan, compressors, combustion chamber, turbines, nozzles, and dual shaft design. It also defines bypass ratio and lists advantages like high thrust during takeoff and disadvantages like increased size.
Aerospace Engineering PROGRAM CODE: AS – 201 Subject Name : AERO THERMODYNAMICS Subject Code : AST-218
UNIT - 3 BASICS OF PROPULSION AND HEAT TRANSFER Classification of jet engines - basic jet propulsion arrangement – Engine station number, thrust equation – Specific thrust, SFC, TSFC, specific impulse, actual cycles, isentropic efficiencies of jet engine components, polytropic efficiency, conduction in parallel, radial and composite wall, basics of convective and radiation heat transfer. (15 hours)
(Use of steam tables and Mollier charts are permitted)
UNIT - 3 BASICS OF PROPULSION AND HEAT TRANSFER 5.4 TURBO-FAN ENGINE
Main Components of Turbo – Fan Engine
(1) Diffuser (2) Fan (3) High Pressure Compressor (4) Combustion Chamber (5) High Pressure Turbine (6) Low Pressure Turbine (7) Hot Nozzle (8) Cold Nozzle (9) Twin Spool (Two Shafts) Shaft 1; Connecting Fan & Low Pressure Turbine Shaft 2; Connecting High Pressure Compressor& High Pressure Turbine UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Aerospace Engineering PROGRAM CODE: AS – 201 Subject Name : AERO THERMODYNAMICS Subject Code : AST-218
Air is sucked from the environment and static pressure is raised in the diffuser at the cost of kinetic energy. Further level of pressure is recovered in the fan which is coupled to low pressure turbine to obtain necessary power input. 70% to 80% air delivered by the fan is by passed through a duct popularly known as cold air and expanded with the help of (Cold) nozzle. The advantages of by pass are (i) reduction in heat lost of combustion chamber (ii) produces additional thrust (iii) suppresses noise level. 20% to 30% of air from fan is guided to the compressor to raise the pressure ratio of said air before entering to the combustion chamber. Fuel is atomized with compressed air and burned in the combustion chamber to raise the temperature (TIT) of gases without varying the pressure. Expansion of gases takes place in high pressure turbine. High pressure turbine drives high pressure compressor, both are connected via a shaft. Further expansion takes place in low pressure turbine, which in turns increases kinetic energy. Expanded hot gases are ducted to (Hot) nozzlefor furtherenhancement in expansion level which is responsible to develop high thrust at the exit. The ratio of mass of cold air and mass of hot air is defined as By Pass ratio.Turbo fan engine operates on Brayton Cycle.
Advantages
(i) High thrust at low speeds reduces take off distance.
(ii) Low noise level compared to other engines. (iii) Thrust to weight ratio is more than turbojet engine. (iv) Fan length is short which helps efficient air flow.
Disadvantages
(i) Engine is bulky and complicated.
(ii) Thrust specific fuel consumption is more compared to turbo prop engine. (iii) More drag due to amplified frontal area. (iv) Speed limits are low. (v) Cold and hot nozzles need separate thrust reversals. 5.4.1 By-Pass Ratio (B):- It is defined (for turbofan engine) as the ratio between the mass flow rate of air drawn through the fan disk that bypasses the engine core (un-combusted air –cold air) to the mass flow rate passing through the engine core( hot air). 𝒎𝒄 B= 𝒎𝒉
