Infinitive/The -ing form/Too-Enoug @ to express purpose eg. Sam went to the bank to get some money. @ atter certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse, etc.) e.g. He promised to help us with the decorations. @ atter adjectives which a) describe feelings/emotions (happy, glad, etc.), b) express willingness! tunwillingness (willing, eager, reluctant, anxious, ‘unwilling, etc.), ¢) refer to a person's character (mean, clever, etc.) and also with the adjectives lucky and fortunate. eg. was annoyed to hear that he had fet. He is reluctant to help. You were clever not to bell Note: With adjectives which refer to character we can also use an impersonal construction. It+ be + adjective + of + noun! pronoun. e.g. Itwas clever of you not to believe them yo them, @ after certain nouns and pronouns such as something, somewhere, anyone, nothing, etc. usually to show that something Is necessary or possibl eg. We've got a lot of homework to do. Take something to drink on the bus. © after toolenough. €g. She 1s too young to stay out so late. with it + be + adjectiveinoun 2g It is important to get there on time. Its her ambition to open her own shop. @ to talk about an unexpected event which can be ‘unpleasant, usually with only eg. She came home to find her sister waiting for her. They rushed to the airpor (only) to be informed that the fight had been cancelled. @ after: be + the first/second, ete./nextilastibest, etc. ‘eg. He was the first to arrive. @ after verbs and expressions such as ask, learn, find out, wonder, want to know, decide, explain, etc. when they are followed by question words (who, what, where, how, etc.). ‘Why's followed by a subject + verb, not by an infinitive. e.g.He explained how to operate the machine. I don't know why he left. = If two to -infinitives are joined with ‘and’ or ‘or, the ‘to' of the second infinitive can be omitted 2.9. He agreed to come and help us. Not Te iu) fonds © as anoun. e.g. Cycling is a popular form of exercise © ater certain verbs (admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny, discuss, ‘enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, go (tor activities), imagine, involve, keep (= continue), ‘mention, mind, miss, postpone, practise, prevent, quit, recall, recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, save, stand, suggest, tolerate, understand, etc.). eg. They considered moving abroad. He avoided answering my question. © after: disike, enjoy, hae, like, love, profer to express ‘general preference. e.g, She likes painting. BUT: would like|would fove/would prefer + to inf to express specific preference. 2.9. | would like to paint your portat. @ after expressions such as be busy, its no use, it's (no) good, it's (not) worth, what's the use of, can't help, there's no point (in), can't stand, have dificuty (in), have trouble, have a hardiditicult time, etc. 9. Whats the use of waiting for an answer? She is busy writing the wedding invitations. after: spend, waste, lose (time, money, etc.) e.g. We wasted a lot of time trying to find a parking space, He lost £100,000 investing in unsuccessful companies, @ after prepositions. e.g, He was found guity of ying in cour. after the preposition ‘to’ with verbs and expressions such as look forward to, be used fo, get round to, ‘object to, in addition to, prefer (doing sth to doing sth else), etc. €.g. She objects to working on Saturdays. after the verbs: hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, and fee! to describe an incomplete action, that is to say that somebody saw, heard, etc. only a part of the action, e.g. / listened to James singing a song. (I listened to paar of the song. | didn't listen to the whole song.) BUT: hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, feel + bare infinitive to describe a complete ‘action, something that somebody saw, heard, etc. from beginning to end. e.g. listened to James sing a song. (listened to the song from beginning to end.) Ae -ing form/Too-Enough/ Par! ze @ atter modal verbs (can, should, must, etc.) cs 10 32 e.g. He should apologise to his parents. BUT: Ought is followed by to -infiniti ciples Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Infinitive form or the -ing form. Simon was the last person office. to arrive... (arrive) at the Ses mare 2 Se can gat sed (work) for such ater the verbs let, make, se, hear and feel. eaeaie tas (0k) Paul, Ho won't be able 9. They saw her tak to the manager to hob you BUT: be made, be heard, be seen + to-infinitve 4 Peter denied (oreak) the classroom (passive). window. ‘eg. She was seen to talk to the manager. 5 Iwill (feed) the dog this afternoon. When see, hear and watch are followed by an-ing 6 We had better (cun) oF we wil miss form, there is no change in the passive. the train. 24g, | saw her getting nto a taxi 7 has kind othim (retp) me tay peepee eee era 8 She refuses (answer) his questions, canicould + seeihear + -ing form. 9 He's far too young (stay) out late €4g, We could see smoke coming out of he bulaing, at right (NOT: We could see smoke eome-.. 40 Her teacher let her (bring) her tune after had better and would rather. into the classroom, eg, You had better see a doctor. 41 don't ming (eto) you with your homework Help is followed by either the to infinitive or the = aren 12 Wa.on sow 2 (tai) 29. She ‘me (10) fil in my application form. eel cel Os Saori re oe ie tl cao 13. She dislikes (wear) suits to work. 14 thwas a mistake (leave) the door Unlocked. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct 45 The inieves wore seen (ove) a infinitive form or the -ing form. crn 16 | advise you (look for @ new jo. A: Have you decided where ..to spend... (spend) 17. There's no paint in (et) angry wit your holiday? him. t's not his faut 8: Yes. would tke (90) toa Greek stand. 48. take a book (read) on the pian. Tate (clean) the house B: Me too. | wsh | could afford (employ) a cleaner. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct 1x: Jane seems (sleep) for hours, Infinitive form ot the ing form. B: Yes. She must (be) very tired [A: What are you doing ths weekend? A. Suehas decided 1) «to apply... (apply for anew job B: Wel, Tom suggested (ceive) aie arate ' to the seaside. (write) to several diferent companies. Sue would Ike ‘A: Steve claims: (travel) around the world. (write) otflerent - si oe B: Yes. He seems (go) to a lot of places. » {work) for a large compeny ‘A: It was nice of John (visit) us cariere she cat 8) {meet} new people. yesterday. B Carolis too i 1) (0) to work today, B: Yes, 1 was happy (ee) him ‘She has managed 2) (axnk) A: tim sure Ive flied my exam some tea and now she wants 3) B: Well, there's no point in (worry) (sleep). Her husband offered 4) Until you get your result, (call) the doctor, but Carol would preter 5). 1: We should (tel) Sue about the pary. (wai) and see it she feels beter tomorrow 8: Yes. We had better trite) Tory, too. Daniel would tke 1) (oe) his 1: Did the police arrest that man? teacher a present, but he doesnt know what 2) B: Yes. He admitted to (steal) a car. (choose). He i thinking of 3) 'K. Did you have a nice evening? (buy) era book because he knows B. Not reall. | avrved home only that she enjoys 4) (read). His sister (find) that Id let my keys at work will help him 5) (pick) a good one.