La Excellence
Project Setu
Chronology of Modern Indian History
(1857- 1947)
భారతదేశ ఆధునిక చరితర
BIRTH OF NATIONALISM( 1857-1885)
1857: REVOLT OF 1857 at Meerut
Causes: Use of cartridges made of cow and pig fat in Enfield rifle. Offensive to Hindus and Muslims, high rate of
taxation and Anti Sati Resolution-1829 and Widow remarriages act-1856 unpopular among unorthodox Hindus
1862-Setting up of the High Courts at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras
1872:First population census in India under the Viceroy, Lord Mayo
1872:The Native Marriage act; Prohibition of child marriage act.
1876:Formation of Indian Association by Surendra Nath Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose
1878:Vernacular Press Act, under the Viceroy Lord Lytton-To curtail the freedom of Indian press
1879:Ramosi Peasant Revolt-Vasudev Balwant Phadke-Armed dacoities
1881:The first synchronous census in India under the Viceroy Rippon
1883-84:Ilbert bill controversy-Related to removal of disqualifications imposed on the Indian
magistrates with regard to trial of Europeans
MODERATE PHASE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM 1885-1905
1885:Formation of Indian National Congress by AO Hume,
Founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance
The Age Of Consent Act 1891 forbade the marriage of girls below age of 12
1892-Indian Councils Act: More members in Imperial legislative Council and Provincial Legislative Council
1894: Celebration of Ganapati Festival By Bala Gangadhar Tilak
1896:Organisation of Shivaji festival to create untiy and natioanl spirit of people.
1897:Chapekar Brothers-Killed palgue commisioner of Poona-Tilak Disciples
International Influence – Extremism:
1870’s –Japan’s growth, Grew without any help
1896-Defeat of Italian army by Ethiopians
1899-1902:British faced reverses in Boer wars
1905: Japan Victory over Russia
1899-Svarkar Brothers-Organized Mitra Mela, merged with Abhinav Bharath
1902:First Revolutionary Group in Bengal at Midnapore under Jnanedranath Basu
1903-British Announced Partition
1903-1905:Moderate Protest
1903-All India Muslim League formed
August 1905-Swadesh and Boycott movement declared
1905,Oct 16: Partition of Bengal under Viceroy Lord Curzon
1906: Foundation of Indian Muslim League by Nawab Salimullah of Dacca
1907-Surat Split: Split of congress in to Moderates and Extremist in Surat Session
1907:Yugantar group attempted murder of Sir Fuller (Ex Governor of Assam)
1908:Prafulla chaki and Khudi Ram Bose threw bomb at a carriage targeting white judge ,Kingsford in Muzzafurpur.
Tilak was sent to Burma (Mandalay) jail for 6 years on defending Prafulla and Khudi Ram
1909:Alipore conspiracy-Brother’s Aurobindo and Barindra Ghosh
1909:Nasik conspiracy-VD Savarkar brother, Ganesh Savarkar –Jackson the District Magistrate of Nasik was killed
1909: Morley Minto Reforms-Separate electorates for Muslims
1911: Organization of Delhi Durbar-Annulment of Partition of Bengal
1912:Delhi Conspiracy-Sachin Sanyal, Rash Behari Bose threw bomb at Viceroy Hardinge
1913:Formation of Gadhar party at San Francisco
Associated Leaders: Sohan Singh Bhakna, Lala Hardayal
1914: Ship returned to Calcutta: Komagatu Maru Incident
1914: Indian National Congress Session-Tried to bring in compromise between Moderate and Extremists but failed
1915: INC Session-Tried –Failed but agreed to Educational propaganda and upliftment of local level committees
1915:Mutiny in Singapore
1915:9th January: Arrival of Gandhi in Bombay from South Africa-Foundation of Satyagraha Ashram at Ahmedabad
1916:Foundation of Women’s university at Poona by Dhondo Keshav Karve
1916: Foundation of Banaras Hindu University by Madan Mohan Malviya.
Lucknow Session of INC,1916: Moderates and Extremists united
1916:Home Rule League Movement-To convey the concept of Home rule as self government
Foundation of Home Rule League by Anni Besant and Bala Gangadhar Tilak.
Gandhian Era (1917-1947)
1917:Montagu’s August Declaration. Became the basis of Government of India Act 1919
1917: Champaran Satyagraha: First Civil Disobedience movement by Gandhi- To redress grievances of Indigo
cultivators oppressed by planters in Bihar.
1918:Ahmedabad Mill Strike: First Hunger strike by Mahatma Gandhi
1918:Kheda Satyagraha: First Non Cooperation Movement by Gandhi
1919: Rowlatt act: Curbed Civil Liberties: Black Act of Indian History: First Mass Strike by Gandhi
1919:Jallianwala Bagh massacre: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest
Gandhi renounced the title of Kaiser-i-Hind
1919:Appointment of Hunter committee for investigation of Punjab wrongs (Jalliawala Bagh)
Government of India Act 1919: Introduced by Dyarchy for the executive at the provincial level
1919:Foundation of All India Khilafat Committee by Ali brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali
Gandhi elected as the president of All India Khilafat Committee at Delhi
1919: Khilafat Movement : To restore the prestige of the Caliph of Turkey
Formation of Indian National Federation by Surendra Nath Banerjee
1920:Launch of Non Cooperation Movement
Passing of Non Cooperation proposal in Khilafat committee at Allahabad
Launching of Movement by Congress(August)
1920:Formation of All India Trade Union Congress: First President was Lala Lajpat Rai
1920:Tilak passed away (August)
1921:Nagpur Session :Launched Non Cooperation Movement
1921: Gandhi invited Lord Reading for talks
1922: Chauri Chaura incident –withdrawal of Non cooperation Movement
Establishmnet of Swaraj party by C.R.Das and Motialal Nehru
1923:First May day celebrated in India in Madras.
1924:Mahatma Gandhi presided only session of the congress at Belgaum
Formation of Hindustan Republican Association by Sachindra Sanyal
1924: Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy case-S.A.Dange, Muzzafar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta
1925: C.R.Das death-split-Swarajists in to Responsivists and Non-Responsivists
1925:Foundation of CPI in India, at Kanpur
1925: Kakori Train robbery: Asscociate leaders –Ram prasad Bismil,Roshan Singh,Rajendra Lahiri
Foundation of Communist Party of India by MN Roy
1927: Appointment of Simon Commission –To review the working of Government of India Act,1919
1927: Establishment of All India Praja Conference as All India States People’s Conference (AISPC):To organise
political movements in the princely states
1928: Visit of Simon Commission to India: Boycott of the commission
Death of Lala Lajpat Rai due to police lathi charge in Anti-Simon commission protests
All party conference in Delhi-Formation of Motilal Nehru committee
1928:Motilal Nehru Report –To Draft a constitutional framework for India
Bardoli Satyagraha under the leadership of Vallabhai Patel on the issue of increase of Revenue
1928:Formation of Indian Independence League by Subash Chandra Bose and Nehru
1929:Meerut Conspiracy
1929:Bomb in Central Legislative Assembly by Bhagat Singh
1929:Jinnah’s 14 points demand –For safeguarding the rights and interests of the Muslims in any
future Constitution of the country
1929:Bomb blast due to protest against passage of Public Safety Bill and Trade Dispute Bill
1929:Lahore session of the congress presided by Jawaharlal Nehru
Purna Swaraj Resolution
31st December: Hoisting of Tricolor flag by Nehru on banks of river Ravi
1929: Delhi Manifesto: Lord Irwin rejected demands
1930,Jan 26:Fixed as First Independence Day
Right to Freedom- Work towards Purna Swaraj: Pledge
1930:Gandhi’s 11 Demands: Boycott First Round Table of Conference in 1930
Not Mentioned about Dominion status
Demand to the Viceroy Lord Irwin
1930,March 12-Dandi March/The Salt Satyagrah for National Movement by Gandhi
Started from Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmedabad to Dandi
Beginning of Civil Disobedience
1930,April 6: Reached Dandi and picked salt
1930,April: Nehru arrested
1930,May : Gandhi arrested too
1931: Gandhi Irwin pact: Congress agreed to attend second round table of conference and to
withdraw civil disobedience movement
1931: Karachi session of congress: Passed resolution on economic programme and Fundamental rights
For the first time, spelt out actual meaning of swaraj for masses
1931: Execution of Bhagat singh, Sukhdeo and Rajguru
The Second RTC-Right wing in Britain against concessions to Indians
Session got deadlocked on question of safeguards to minorities
1932: Beginning of second phase of Civil Disobedience Movement
Announcement of Communal award by Ramsay MacDonald
‘fast on to death ‘ by Gandhiji in Yerawada prison
1932:Poona Pact signed between Ambedkar and Gandhi
Seats reserved for the depressed classes were increased from 71 to 147 in provinces and to 18%
in central legislature
Third Round Table Conference
1933:Launch of Individual civil disobedience
1934:Withdrawl of civil disobedience
Foundation of congress socalist party by Acharya Narendra Dev and Jay Prakash Narayan
1935:Government of India Act,1935
Proposed All India Federation
Three lists for Legislation-Federal, Provincial and Concurrent
1936:Establishment of All India Kisan Sabha by Sahajanand Saraswati
Elections to provincial assemblies in 11 states
Formation of Congress ministries in 8 states
1939:Resignation of congress ministries after the outbreak of world war 2
Formation of Forward bloc by Subash Chandra Bose
1932-Setup All India Anti Untouchability League
1933-Started the weekly –Harijan
1933-34: Starting from Wardha ,conducted Harijan tour.Propagate removal of untouchability
1939,Sep 1:Germany attacks Poland Second World War begins
1939,Sep 3: British declares war against Germany. Declares India’s support without consent
1939: Congress resigned member not to support war
1940: Lahore resolution by the Muslim league with a demand of separate state(Pakistan) for Muslims
August offer by Viceroy Linlithgow
Dominion status to be long-term objective
1940 : Individual Satyagraha
First Satyagrahi: Vinobha Bhave
Second Satyagrahi: Jawahar Lal Nehru
Third Satyagrahi: Brahma Dutt
1942: Cripps Mission
Head: Stanford Cripps-Leader of house ,member of war cabinet
Proposal: Dominion status –free to decide it’s relation with common wealth
Passing of Quit India Resolution at All India Congress Committee in Bombay
1942:Quit India Movement
After Cripp’s departure and Japanese closing by ,Gandhi decided to Launch Movement
1942:Formation of Indian National Army by Mohan Singh
1943:Karachi session of Muslim League-Adoption of ‘Divide and Quit’ Slogan
1943:Gandhiji’s fast against British ,who came down heavily on Indians.
1943,March 23: Pakistan Day was observed
1943:Famine of 1943:Churchhill’s atrocities
Affected areas: Bengal, Dacca, Diamond Harbour
Muslim League ,Hindu MahaSabha ,Communist Party of India-Did not take part in Quit India Movement
1944: C.Rajagopalachari’s Formula-Agreed for creation of Pakistan
Gandhi-Jinnah meeting
After world war 2,plebiscite for North West and North East India to separtae or not
Desi-Liaqat plan- 20% reserved seats for Minority
But both parties did not agree
1945-Wavell plan
Shimla conference to discuss the plan
Trial of Indian National Army at Red Fort
Indian National Army
1938,39:President of INC at Haripura and Tripura Sessions
1940:Abdul Kalam Azad-Preisdent –First Educational Minister
1941-Fled India-Bose Under House Arrest
1943:Arrival of Bose in Singapore
Three Major Upsurges in 1945-46
1945,Nov21: Against INA Trials
Forward bloc started by Bose
1946,Feb 11: Against 7year sentence to INA officer Rashid Ali-Led by Muslim League
1946,Feb 18: Royal Indian Mutiny, Strikes in Bomaby
India Naval protest against British on Talwar
RIN supported by Congress Socialist Leaders and CPI
1946: Cabinet Mission plan
Rejection of Pakistan
Elections to the constituent assembly
1946:Formation of Interim government in September
1946:Muslim League joined the Government in October
1946,June 6: Muslim League accepted plan
1946,July:Elections Happen
1946,July 10: INC accept long term plan of Cabinet Mission
1946,July 24: Muslim League withdrew and called D-DAY
1946:Aug 16: Direct Action Day by Muslim League
1946,September: Interim Government sworn in with Nehru as Head
1946,October: Wavell bought in Muslim League, did not give up D-Day/demand for Pakistan
1946,December: First Session of Interim Government
Muslim League Boycotted it
Nehru passed ‘’Objectives Resolutions’’-Future of Sovereign India
1947,February: INC Ministers wrote to Viceroy demanding removal of Muslim League
1947,March: Appointment of Mountbatten as Viceroy of India
First Governor General of Independent India from 15th August 1947-21st June 1948
Mountbatten plan or 3rd June plan for partition and Independence of India
1947: India Independence Act, passed on July 15;
1947,15th August: Independence of India
1947:Appointment of two boundary commissions under Sir Cyril Radcliff for the partition of Bengal and Punjab
