PRELIMS PRACTICE

WORKBOOK
HISTORY

CONTENTS
 HISTORY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS .............................................................. 01-24
1. Ancient India...................................................................................................................... 1
2. Medieval History ............................................................................................................... 6
3. Modern History.................................................................................................................. 9
4. Religion, Language And Literature .............................................................................. 20
5. Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................. 23

 HISTORY ANSWERS ............................................................................................. 25-53

6. Ancient India.................................................................................................................... 25
7. Medieval History ............................................................................................................. 31
8. Modern History................................................................................................................ 35
9. Religion, Language And Literature ............................................................................... 48
10. Miscellaneous .................................................................................................................. 52
 HISTORY
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

ANCIENT INDIA

1. Consider the following dynasties: 5. Which one of the following is not a Harappan site?
1. Hoysala (a) Chanhudaro
2. Gahadavala (b) Kot Diji
3. Kakatiya
(c) Sohgaura
4. Yadava
(d) Desalpur
How many of the above dynasties established their
kingdoms in early eighth century AD? 6. In which of the following relief sculpture
(a) Only one inscriptions is ‘Ranyo Ashokan’ (King Ashoka)
mentioned along with the stone portrait of Ashoka?
(b) Only two
(a) Kanganahalli
(c) Only three
(b) Sanchi
(d) None
(c) Shahbazgarhi
2. With reference to the Indian History, Alexander (d) Sohgaura
Rea, A. H. Longhurst, Robert Sewell, James Burgess
and Walter Elliot were associated with 7. With reference to forced labour (Vishti) in India
(a) archaeological excavations during the Gupta period, which one of the following
statements is correct?
(b) establishment of English Press in Colonial India]
(a) It was considered a source of income for the State,
(c) establishment of Churches in Princely States a sort of tax paid by the people.
(d) construction of railways in Colonial India (b) It was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and
Kathiawar regions of the Gupta Empire.
3. With reference to ancient India, consider the
following statements: (c) The forced labourer was entitled to weekly wages.
1. The concept of Stupa is Buddhist in origin. (d) The eldest son of the labourer was sent as the
2. Stupa was generally a repository of relics. forced labourer.
3. Stupa was a votive and commemorative structure 8. With reference to the religious practices in India,
in Buddhist tradition. the “Sthanakvasi” sect belongs to
How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Buddhism
(a) Only one (b) Jainism
(b) Only two (c) Vaishnavism
(c) All three (d) Shaivism
(d) None
9. With reference to Indian history, who among the
4. With reference to ancient South India, Korkai, following is future Buddha, yet to come to save the
Poompuhar and Muchiri were well known as world ?
(a) capital cities (a) Avalokiteshvara
(b) ports (b) Lokesvara
(c) centres of iron-and-steel making (c) Maitreya
(d) Shrines of Jain Tirthankaras (d) Padmapani

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10. With reference to the religious history of India, 15. Among the following, who was not a proponent of
consider the following statements : bhakti cult?
1. Sautrantika and Sammitiya were the sects of (a) Nagarjuna (c) Tyagaraja
Jainism.
(b) Tukaram (d) Vallabhacharya
2. Sarvastivadin held that the constituents of
phenomena were not wholly momentary, but 16. Which of the following statements is/are applica-
existed forever in a latent form. ble to Jain doctrine?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to prac-
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 tice penance.
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a
soul.
11. With reference to the difference between the 3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended.
culture of Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley people,
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
1. Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of mail and helmet
in warfare whereas the people of Indus Valley (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Civilization did not leave any evidence of using
them. 17. The Chinese traveller Yuan Chwang (Hiuen Tsang)
2. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper who visited India recorded the general conditions
whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and culture of India at that time. In this context,
and iron. which of the following statements is/are correct?
3. Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse 1. The roads and river-routes were completely im-
whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley mune from robbery.
people having been aware of this animal. 2. As regards punishment for offences, ordeals by
fire, water and poison were the instruments for
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
determining the innocence or guilt of a person.
(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
3. The tradesmen had to pay duties at ferries and
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 barrier stations.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
12. Which one of the following books of ancient India
has the love story of the son of the founder of (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
Sunga dynasty? (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) Swapnavasavadatta
18. With reference to the scientific progress of ancient
(b) Malavikagnimitra
India, which of the statements given below are cor-
(c) Meghadoota rect?
(d) Ratnavali 1. Different kinds of specialized surgical instru-
ments were in common use by 1st century AD.
13. Who of the following had first deciphered the 2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body
edicts of Emperor Ashoka? had begun by the beginning of 3rd century AD.
(a) Georg Buhier (c) Max Muller 3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in 5th
(b) James Prinsep (d) William Jones century AD.
4. The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals was known
14. Which of the following kingdoms were associated in 7th century AD.
with the life of the Buddha?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1. Avanti
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
2. Gandhara
(b) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
3. Kosala
4. Magadha 19. With reference to the history of ancient India,
Select the correct answer using the code given below: which of the following was/were common to both
Buddhism and Jainism?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoy-
(b) 2 and 3 only ment
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only 2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas
(d) 3 and 4 only 3. Denial of efficacy of rituals

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Select the correct answer using the code given below: (d) Both (a) and (b) are convincing Explanation/
(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only Explanations in this context.

(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 24. The Jain philosophy holds that the world is created
and maintained by?
20. Lord Buddha’s image is sometimes shown with the
hand gesture called ‘Bhumisparsha Mudra’. It sym- (a) Universal law. (c) Universal faith.
bolizes
(b) Universal truth. (d) Universal soul.
(a) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to watch over Mara
and to prevent Mara from disturbing his medita-
25. Regarding the Indus valley civilization , consider
tion.
the following statements?
(b) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to witness his purity
and chastity despite the temptations of Mara. 1. It was predominantly a secular civilization and
the religious element, though present, did not
(c) Buddha’s reminder to his followers that they all
dominate the scene.
arise from the Earth and finally dissolve into the
Earth, and thus this life is transitory. 2. During this period, cotton was used for
(d) Both the statements (a) and (b) are correct in this manufacturing textiles in India.
context. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
21. The religion of early Vedic Aryans was primarily (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
of:
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) Bhakti
(b) Image Worship and Yajnas 26. The “dharma” and “Rita” depict a central Idea of
(c) Worship of Nature and Yajnas ancient Vedic civilization of India. In this context,
consider the following statements :
(d) Worship of Nature and Bhakti
1. Dharma was a conception of obligations and of
22. With reference to the guilds (Shreni) of ancient the discharge of one’s duties to oneself and to
India that played a very important role in the others.
country’s economy, which of the following
statements is /are correct? 2. Rita was the fundamental moral law governing
1. Every guild was registered with the central the functioning of the universe and all it
authority of the State and the king was the chief contained.
administrative authority on them.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
2. The wages, rules of work, standards and prices
were fixed by the guild. (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
3. The guild had judicial powers over its own (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
members.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 27. There are only two known examples of cave
paintings of the Gupta period in ancient India. One
(a) 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only
of these is paintings of Ajanta caves. Where is the
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 other surviving example of Gupta paintings?

23. India maintained its early cultural contacts and (a) Bagh caves (c) Lomas Rishi cave
trade links with southeast Asia across the bay of (b) Ellora caves (d) Nasik caves
Bengal. For this pre-eminence of early maritime
history of bay of Bengal, which of the following 28. Why did Buddhism start declining in India in the
could be the most convincing explanation/
early medieval times?
explanations?
1. Buddha was by that time considered as one of
(a) As compared to other countries, India had a
the incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a
better ship-building technology in ancient and
medieval times. part of Vaishnavism

(b) The rulers of southern India always patronized 2. The invading tribes from Central Asia till the
traders, Brahmin priests and Buddhist monks in time of last Gupta king adopted Hinduism and
this context. persecuted Buddhists
(c) Monsoon winds across the bay of Bengal 3. The Kings of Gupta dynasty were strongly
facilitated sea voyages. opposed to Buddhism

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Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 33. Who among the following rulers advised his
subjects through this inscription?
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
“Whosoever praises his religious sect or blames other
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
sects out of excessive devotion to his own sect, with
the view of glorifying his own sect, he rather injures
29. With reference to the religious history of India, his own sect very severely.”
consider the following statements:
(a) Ashoka (c) Harshavardhana
1. Sthaviravadins belong to Mahayana Buddhism.
(b) Samudragupta (d) Krishnadeva Raya
2. Lokottaravadin sect was an offshoot of
Mahasanghika sect of Buddhism. 34. With reference to the culture history of India,
3. The deification of Buddha by Mahasanghikas which one of following is the correct description of
the term ‘paramitas’?
fostered the Mahayana Buddhism.
(a) The earliest Dharmashastra texts written in
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? aphoristic (sutra) style.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) Philosophical schools that did not accept the
(b) 2 and 3 only authority of Vedas.
(c) Perfections whose attainment led to the
(c) 3 only
Bodhisattva path.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Powerful merchant guilds of early.

30. Consider the following events in the history of 35. With reference to scholars/litterateurs of ancient
India: India, consider the following statement:
1. Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja 1. Panini is associated with Pushyamitra Shunga.
2. Establishment of Pallava power under 2. Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana.
Mahendravarman – I 3. Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta – II
3. Establishment of Chola power by Parataka – I Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
4. Pala dynasty founded by Gopala (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only
What is the correct chronological order of the above (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
events, starting from the earliest time?
36. With reference to the cultural history of India,
(a) 2 – 1– 4 – 3 consider the following pairs:
(b) 3 – 1– 4 – 2 1. Parivrajaka - Renunciant and Wanderer
2. Shramana - Priest with a high status
(c) 2 – 4– 1 – 3
3. Upasaka - Lay follower of Buddhism
(d) 3 – 4– 1 – 2
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
31. Which of the following phrases defines the nature (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only
of the ‘Hundi’ generally referred to in the sources (b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
of the post-Harsha period?
37. With reference to the period of Gupta dynasty in
(a) An advisory issued by the king to his subordinates
ancient India, the towns Ghantasala, Kadura and
(b) A diary to be maintained for daily accounts Chaula were well known as
(c) A bill of exchange (a) ports handling foreign trade

(d) An order from the feudal lord to his subordinates (b) capitals of powerful kingdoms
(c) places of exquisite stone art and architecture
32. With reference to the history of India, the terms
(d) important Buddhist pilgrimage centres
“kulyavapa” and “dronavapa” denote
(a) measurement of land 38. With reference to the history of ancient India
Bhavabhuti Hastimalla and Kshemeshvara were
(b) coins of different monetary value famous
(c) classification of urban land (a) Jain monks (c) Temple architects
(d) religious rituals (b) Playwrights (d) Philosophers

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39. Which one of the following statements is correct? Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
(a) Ajanta Caves lie in the gorge of Waghora river. matched?

(b) Sanchi Stupa lies in the gorge of Chambal river. (a) 1 only (c) 3 only

(c) Pandu-lena Cave Shrines lie in the gorge of (b) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
Narmada river.
44. With reference to the history of ancient India,
(d) Amaravati Stupa lies in the gorge of Godavari
which of the following statements is/are correct?
river.
1. Mitakshara was the civil law for upper castes and
40. With reference to Chausath Yogini Temple situated Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes.
near Morena, consider the following statements: 2. In the Mitakshara system, the sons can claim
1. It is a circular temple built during the reign of right to the property during the lifetime of the
Kachchhapaghata Dynasty. father, whereas in the dayabhaga system, it is
2. It is the only circular temple built in India. only after the death of the father that the sons
3. It was meant to promote the Vaishnava cult in can claim right to the property.
the region. 3. The Mitakshara system deals with the matters
4. Its design has given rise to a popular belief related to the property held by male members
that it was the inspiration behind the Indian only of a family, whereas the Dayabhaga system
Parliament building. deals with the matters related to the property
Which of the statements given above are correct? held by both male and female members of a
family.
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 4 only
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
41. Which one of the following ancient towns is well-
(b) 2 only (d) 3 only
known for its elaborate system of water harvesting
and management by building a series of dams and
45. Consider the following pairs :
channelizing water into connected reservoirs?
Site of Ashoka’s major Location in
(a) Dholavira (c) Rakhigarhi
rock edicts the State of
(b) Kalibangan (d) Ropar
1. Dhauli Odisha
42. From the decline of Guptas until the rise of 2. Erragudi Andhra Pradesh
Harshavardhana in the early seventh century, 3. Jaugada Madhya Pradesh
which of the following kingdoms were holding
power in Northern India? 4. Kalsi Karnataka

1. The Guptas of Magadha How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
2. The Paramaras of Malwa (a) Only one pair (c) Only three pairs
3. The Pushyabhutis of Thanesar (b) Only two pairs (d) All four pairs
4. The Maukharis of Kanauj
5. The Yadavas of Devagiri 46. The Prime Minister recently inaugurated the new
Circuit House near Somnath Temple at Veraval.
6. The Maitrakas of Valabhi
Which of the following statements are correct
Select the correct answer using the code given below. regarding Somnath Temple?
(a) 1, 2 and 5 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only 1. Somnath Temple is one of the Jyotirlinga shrines.
(b) 1, 3, 4 and 6 only (d) 5 and 6 only 2. A description of Somnath Temple was given by
Al-Biruni.
43. Consider the following pairs:
3. Pran Pratishtha of Somnath Temple (installation
Historical place Well-known for of the present day temple) was done by President
1. Burzahom : Rock-cut S. Radhakrishnan.
shrines
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
2. Chandraketugarh : Terracotta art
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
3. Ganeshwar : Copper
artefacts (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

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MEDIEVAL HISTORY

1. Who among the following rulers of medieval 6. Who among the following Mughal Emperors
Gujarat surrendered Diu to Portuguese? shifted emphasis from illustrated manuscripts to
album and individual portrait?
(a) Ahmad Shah
(a) Humayun (c) Jahangir
(b) Mahmud Begarha
(c) Bahadur Shah (b) Akbar (d) Shah Jahan

(d) Muhammad Shah 7. With reference to Mughal India, what is/are the
difference/differences between Jagirdar and
2. Who among the following rulers of Vijayanagara
Zamindar?
Empire constructed a large dam across
Tungabhadra River and a canal-cum-aqueduct 1. Jagirdars were holders of land assignments
several kilometres long from the river to the in lieu of judicial and police duties, whereas
capital city? Zamindars were holders of revenue rights
without obligation to perform any duty other
(a) Devaraya I
than revenue collection.
(b) Mallikarjuna
2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary
(c) Vira Vijaya and revenue rights of Zamindars were not
(d) Virupaksha hereditary.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
3. Consider the following statements:
1. In the revenue administration of Delhi Sultanate, (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
the in-charge of revenue collection was known (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
as ‘Amil’.
2. The Iqta system of Sultans of Delhi was an 8. With references to cultural history of India,
consider the following statements:
ancient indigenous institution.
1. Most of the Tyagarajakritis are devotional
3. The office of ‘Mir Bakshi’ came into existence
songs in praise of lord Krishna.
during the reign of Khalji Sultans of Delhi.
2. Tyagaraja created several new ragas.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
3. Annamacharya and Tyagaraj are contemporaries
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only 4. Annamacharyakirtanas are devotional songs in
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 praise of Lord Venkateshwara
Which of the statements given above are correct?
4. Consider the following statements:
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only
1. Saint Nimbarka was a contemporary of Akbar.
(b) 2 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
2. Saint Kabir was greatly influenced by Shaikh
Ahmad Sirhindi. 9. Which one of the following was a very important
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? seaport in the Kakatiya kingdom ?

(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (a) Kakinada

(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) Motupalli

(c) Machilipatnam (Masulipatnam)
5. With reference to Mian Tansen, which one of the
(d) Nelluru
following statements is not correct?
(a) Tansen was the title given to him by Emperor 10. Regarding the taxation system of Krishna Deva,
Akbar the ruler of Vijayanagar, consider the following
statements:
(b) Tansen composed Dhrupads on Hindu gods and
goddesses. 1. The tax rate on land was fixed depending on the
quality of the land.
(c) Tansen composed songs on his patrons.
2. Private owners of workshops paid an industries
(d) Tansen invented many Ragas. tax.

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Which of the statements given above is/are Select the correct answer using the code give below:
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
16. Who of the following founded a new city on the
11. With reference to the economic history of medieval south bank of a tributary to river Krishna and
India the term ‘Araghatta’ refers to undertook to rule his new kingdom as the agent
(a) Bonded labour of a deity to whom all the land south of the river
Krishna was supposed to belong?
(b) Land grants made to military officers
(a) Amoghavarsha I (c) Harihara I
(c) Waterwheel used in the irrigation of land
(b) Ballala II (d) Prataparudra II
(d) Wasteland converted to cultivated land

12. With reference to the cultural history of India, 17. With reference to Indian history, which of the
the memorizing of chronicles, dynastic histories following is/are the essential element/elements of
and epic tales was the profession of who of the the feudal system?
following? 1. A very strong centralized political authority and
a very weak provincial or local political authority
(a) Shramana (c) Agrahaarika
2. Emergence of administrative structure based on
(b) Parivraajaka (d) Magadha control and possession of land
3. Creation of lord-vassal relationship between the
13. In the context of the history of India, consider the feudal lord and his overlord
following pairs:
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Term Description (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only
1. Eripatti : Land revenue from which was (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
set apart for the maintenance of
the village tank. 18. Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri was
2. Taniyurs : Villages donated to a single (a) The mosque for the use of Royal Family
Brahmin or a group of Brahmins.
(b) Akbar’s private chamber prayer
3. Ghatikas : Colleges generally attached to
the temples. (c) The hall in which Akbar held discussions with
scholars of various religions.
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
(d) The room in which the nobles belonging to
matched?
different religions gathered to discuss religious
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only affairs
(b) 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only 19. With reference to the religious history of medieval
India, the Sufi mystics were known to pursue which
14. Consider the following Pairs : of the following practices?
Medieval Indian Present Region : State 1. Meditation and control of breath
1. Champaka : Central India 2. Severe ascetic exercises in a lonely place
2. Durgara : Jammu 3. Recitation of holy songs to arouse a state of
ecstasy in their audience
3. Kuluta : Malabar
Select the correct Correct Option :wer using the codes
Which of the above pairs is/ are correctly matched? given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only
(b) 2 only (d) 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

15. Consider the following: 20. What was the immediate cause for Ahmad Shah
Abdali to invade and fight the Third Battle of
The arrival of Babur into Indian led to the Panipat:
1. Introduction of gunpowder in the subcontinent (a) He wanted to avenge the expulsion by Marathas
2. Introduction of the arch and dome in the region’s of his viceroy Timur Shah from Lahore
architecture (b) The frustrated governor of Jullundhar Adina Beg
3. Establishment of Timurid dynasty in the region khan invited him to invade Punjab

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(c) He wanted to punish Mughal administration 26. With reference to Indian history, consider the
for non-payment of the revenues of the Chahar following statements:
Mahal (Gujrat Aurangabad, Sialkot and Pasrur). 1. The first Mongol invasion of India happened
(d) He wanted to annex alll the fertile plains of during the reign of Jalal-ud-din Khalji.
Punjab upto borders of Delhi to his kingdom 2. During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, one Mongol
assault marched up to Delhi and besieged the
21. With reference to the history of India, consider the city.
following pairs: 3. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq temporarily lost
Famous Place Present State portions of north-west of his kingdom to Mongols.
1. Bhipsa - Madhya Pradesh Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
2. Dwarasamudra - Maharashtra (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
3. Girinagar - Gujarat (b) 2 only (d) 3 only
4. Sthanesvara - Uttar Pradesh
27. With reference to Indian history, consider the
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? following statements:
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only 1. The Dutch established their factories/werehouses
(b) 1 and 4 only (d) 2 and 4 only on the east coast on lands granted to them by
Gajapati rulers.
22. With reference to medieval India, which one of 2. Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the
the following is the correct sequence in ascending Bijapur Sultanate.
order in terms of size? 3. The English East India Company established a
(a) Paragana – Sarkar – Suba factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a
representative of the Vijayanagaraempire.
(b) Sarkar – Paragana – Suba
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(c) Suba – Sarkar – Paragana
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) Paragana – Suba – Sarkar
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
23. According to Portuguese writer Nuniz, the women
in Vijayanagara Empire were expert in which of 28. Consider the following pairs:
the following areas? King Dynasty
1. Wrestling 1. Nannuka : Chandela
2. Astrology 2. Jayashakti : Paramara
3. Accounting 3. Nagabhata II : Gurjara-Pratihara
4. Soothsaying 4. hoja : Rashtrakuta
Select the correct answer using the code given below. How many pairs given above are correctly
matched?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only
(a) Only one pair (c) Only three pairs
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) Only two pairs (d) All four pairs
24. Consider the following statements:
29. “Yogavasistha” was translated into Persian by
1. It was during the reign of Iltutmish that Chengiz
NizamuddinPanipati during the reign of:
Khan reached the Indus in pursuit of the fugitive
Khwarezm prince. (a) Akbar (c) Shahjahan
2. It was during the reign of Muhammad bin (b) Humayun (d) Aurangzeb
Tughluq that Taimur occupied Multan and
crossed the Indus. 30. The world’s second tallest statue in sitting pose of
3. It was during the reign of Deva Raya II of Ramanuja was inaugurated by the Prime Minister
Vijayanagara Empire that Vasco da Gama of India at Hyderabad recently. Which one of the
reached the coast of Kerala. following statements correctly represents the,
teachings of Ramanuja?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) The best means of salvation was devotion.
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only
(b) Vedas are eternal, self-existent and wholly
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only authoritative.
(c) Logical arguments were essential means for the
25. In medieval India, the term “Fanam” referred to:
highest bliss.
(a) Clothing (c) Ornaments
(d) Salvation was to be obtained through
(b) Coins (d) Weapons meditation.

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MODERN HISTORY

1. By which one of the following Acts was the 4. Consider the following statements in respect of the
Governor General of bengal designated as the Constitution Day:
Governor General of India? Statement-I:
(a) The Regulating Act The Constitution Day is celebrated on 26th November
(b) The Pitt’s India Act every year to promote constitutional values among
citizens.
(c) The Charter Act of 1793
Statement-II:
(d) The Charter Act of 1833
On 26th November, 1949, the constituent Assembly
of India set up a Drafting Committee under the
2. Consider the following statements:
Chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar to prepare a
Statement-I: Draft Constitution of India.
7th August is declared as the National Handloom Day. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the
above statements?
Statement-II:
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct
It was in 1905 that the Swadeshi Movement was and Statement-II is the correct explanation for
launched on the same day. Statement-I
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct
above statements? and Statement-II is not the correct explanation
for Statement-I
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct
and Statement-II is the correct explanation for (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
Statement-I (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct
5. With reference to the British colonial rule in India,
and Statement-II is not the correct explanation
consider the following statements:
for Statement-I
1. Mahatma Gandhi was instrumental in the
(c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect abolition of the system of ‘indentured labour’.
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct 2. In Lord Chelmsford’s ‘War Conference’,
Mahatma Gandhi did not support the resolution
3. Consider the following statements in respect of the on recruiting Indians for World War.
National Flag of India according to the Flag Code of 3. Consequent upon the breaking of Salt Law by
India, 2002: Indian people, the Indian National Congress was
declared illegal by the colonial rulers.
Statement-I:
Which of the statements given above are correct?
One of the standard sizes of the National Flag of India
is 600 mm * 400 mm. (a) 1 and 2 only

Statement-II: (b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only
The ratio of the length to the height (width) of the Flag
shall be 3:2. (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the 6. With reference to Indian National Movement,
above statements? consider the following pairs:
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct Person Position held
and Statement-II is the correct explanation for 1. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru : President, All India
Statement-I Liberal Federation
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct 2. K.C. Neogy : Member, the
and Statement-II is not the correct explanation Constituent
for Statement-I Assembly
3. P.C. Joshi : General Secretary,
(c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
Communist Party
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct of India

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Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly 11. Which one of the following foreign travellers
matched? elaborately discussed about diamonds and
(a) 1 only diamond mines on India ?

(b) 1 and 2 only (a) Francois Bernier

(c) 3 only (b) Jean Baptiste Tavernier

(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Jean de Thevenot

(d) Abbe Barthelemy Carre
7. Consider the following statements about ‘the
Charter Act of 1813’: 12. In the Federation established by the Government
1. It ended the trade monopoly of the East India of India Act of 1935, residuary powers were given
Company in India except for trade in tea and to the
trade with China. (a) Federal Legislative
2. It asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown (b) Governor General
over the Indian territories held by the Company.
(c) Provincial Legislature
3. The revenues of India were now controlled by
the British Parliament. (d) Provincial Governors

Which of the statements given above are correct? 13. Regarding Wood’s Dispatch, which of the following
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only statements are true?
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 1. Grants in Aid system was introduced
2. Establishment of universities was recommended.
8. With reference to Swadeshi Movement, consider 3. English as a medium of instruction at all levels
the following statements: of education was recommended.
1. It contributed to the revival of the indigenous Select the correct answer using the code given below:
artisan crafts and industries.
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
2. The National Council of Education was
established as a part of Swadeshi Movement. (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 , 2 and 3
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 14. Which one of the following statements does not ap-
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 ply to the system of Subsidiary Alliance introduced
by Lord Wellesley?
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) To maintain a large standing army at others’ ex-
9. Consider the following pairs: pense
Movement/Organization Leader (b) To keep India safe from Napoleonic danger
1. All India Anti- : Mahatma Gandhi (c) To secure a fixed income for the Company
Untouchability League (d) To establish British paramountcy over Indian
2. All India Kisan Sabha : Swami Sahajanand states
Saraswati
3. Self-Respect Movement : E.V. Ramaswami 15. Government of India Act of 1919 clearly defined
Naicker (a) The separation of power between the judiciary
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly and the legislature
matched? (b) The jurisdiction of the central and provincial gov-
ernments
(a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only
(c) The powers of the Secretary of State for India and
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Viceroy
10. Which one of the following groups of plants was (d) None of the above
domesticated in the ‘New World’ and introduced
into the ‘Old World’? 16. Who among the following were the founders of the
“Hind Mazdoor Sabha” established in 1948?
(a) Tobacco, cocoa and rubber
(a) B. Krishna Pillai, E.M.S. Namboodiripad and K.C.
(b) Tobacco, cotton and rubber
George
(c) Cotton, coffee and sugarcane
(b) Jayaprakash Narayan, DeenDayalUpadhyay and
(d) Rubber, coffee and wheat M.N. Roy

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(c) C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer, K. Kamaraj and Veeresal- Which of the pairs given above is/are correct?
ingamPantulu
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) Ashok Mehata, T.S. Ramanujan and G.G.Mehata
(b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
17. Which one of the following is a very significant as-
23. After the Santhal uprising subsided, what was/
pect of the Champaran Satyagraha?
were the measure/measures taken by the colonial
(a) Active all India participation of lawyers, students government?
and women in the National Movement. 1. The territories called ‘santhal paraganas were
(b) Active involvement of Dalit and Tribal communi- created.
ties of India in the National Movement. 2. It became illegal for a santhal to transfer land to
(c) Joining of peasant unrest to India’s National a nonsanthal.
Movement. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(d) Drastic decrease in the cultivation of plantation (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
crops and commercial crops.
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
18. The staple commodities of export by the English
East India Company from Bengal in the middle of 24. Economically, one of the results of the British rule
the 18th century were in India on the 19th century was the
(a) Raw cotton, oilseeds and opium (a) Increase in the export of Indian handicrafts.
(b) Sugar, salt, zinc and lead (b) Growth in the number of Indian owned factories.
(c) Copper, silver, gold, spices and tea (c) Commercialization of Indian agriculture.
(d) Cotton, Silk, Saltpetre and Opium (d) Rapid increase in the urban population.

19. Which of the following led to the introduction of 25. Consider the following events:
English Education in India? 1. The first democratically elected communist
1. Charter Act of 1813 party government formed in a State in India.
2. General Committee on Public Instruction 2. India’s then largest bank, ‘Imperial Bank of
3. Orientalist and Anglicist controversy India’, was renamed ‘State Bank of India’.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 3. Air India was nationalized and became the
national carrier.
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
4. Goa became a part of independent India.
(b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the following is the correct chronological
20. In 1920, which of the following changed its name to sequence of the above events?
“Swarajya Sabha”? (a) 4– 1–2 – 3
(a) All India Home Rule League (b) 3 – 2 – 1 – 4
(b) Hindu Mahasabha
(c) 4 –2 –1 – 3
(c) South Indian Liberal Federation
(d) 3 – 1 – 2 – 4
(d) The servants of India society
26. He wrote biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji
21. Which among the following event happened and Shrikrishna; stayed in America for some time;
earliest? and was also elected to the Central Assembly. He was
(a) Swami Dayanand established Arya Samaj. (a) Aurobindo Ghosh (c) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Dinabandhu Mitra wrote Neeldarpan. (b) Bipin Chandra Pal (d) Motilal Nehru
(c) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote Anandmath.
27. In the context of Indian history, the-principle of
(d) Satyendranath Tagore became the first India to
‘Dyarchy (diarchy)’ refers to
succeed in the Indian Civil Services Examination.
(a) Division of the central legislature into two houses.
22. With reference to educational institutions during (b) Introduction of double government i.e.; Central
colonial rule in India, consider the following pairs: and State governments.
Institution Founder
(c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and
1. Sanskrit College at Banaras William Jones another in Delhi.
2. Calcutta Madarsa Warren Hastings (d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces
3. Fort William college Arthur Wellesley into two categories.

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28. The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to 33. What was the main reason for the split in the
(a) Define the jurisdiction of the Central and Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907?
Provincial Governments. (a) Introduction of communalism into Indian politics
(b) Define the powers of the Secretary of State for by Lord Minto.
India. (b) Extremists’ lack of faith in the capacity of
(c) Impose Censorship on national press. the moderates to negotiate with the British
Government
(d) Improve the relationship between the
Government of India and the Indian States. (c) Foundation of Muslim League
(d) Aurobindo Ghosh’s inability to be elected as the
29. With reference to Indian freedom struggle, President of the Indian national Congress
consider the following events :
1. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy 34. The plan of Sir Stafford Cripps envisaged that after
2. Quit India Movement launched the Second World War
3. Second Round Table Conference (a) India should be granted complete independence
What is the correct chronological sequence of the (b) India should be partitioned into two before
above events? granting independence
(a) 1-2-3 (c) 3-2-1 (c) India should be made a republic with the
(b) 2-1-3 (d) 3-1-2 condition that she will join the Commonwealth
(d) India should be given Dominion status
30. Consider the following pairs:
1. Radhakanta Deb – First President of the 35. Consider the following:
British Indian 1. Calcutta Unitarian Committee
Association
2. Tabernacle of New Dispensation
2. Gazulu Lakshminarasu – Founder of the
3. Indian Reforms Association
Chetty Madras
Mahajana Sabha Keshab Chandra Sen is associated with the
3. Surendranath Banerjee – Founder of the Indian establishment of which of the above?
Association (a) 1 and 3 only (c) 3 only
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only
36. The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were
(b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 related to
31. Who among the following was/were associated (a) Social reforms
with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in (b) Educational reforms
India during the British rule?
(c) Reforms in police administration
1. Lord Cornwallis
2. Alexander Read (d) Constitutional reforms

3. Thomas Munro 37. Satya Shodhak Samaj organized

Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) A movement for upliftment of tribals in Bihar
(a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only (b) A temple-entry movement in Gujarat
(b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) An anti-caste movement in Maharashtra
32. The Trade Disputes Act of 1929 provided for (d) A peasant movement in Punjab
(a) The participation of workers in the management
38. The ‘Swadeshi’ and ‘Boycott’ adopted as methods of
of industries.
struggle for the first time during the
(b) Arbitrary powers to the management to quell
(a) Agitation against the Partition of Bengal
industrial disputes.
(b) Home Rule Movement
(c) An intervention by the British Court in the event
of a trade dispute. (c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) A system of tribunals and a ban on strikes. (d) Visit of the Simon Commission to India

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39. With reference to Rowlatt Satyagraha, which of the 44. With reference to the Cabinet Mission, which of
following statements is/are correct? the following statements is/are correct?
1. The Rowlatt Act was based on the 1. It recommended a federal government.
recommendations of the ‘Sedition Committee’. 2. It enlarged the powers of the Indian courts.
2. In Rowlatt Satyagraha, Gandhiji tried to utilize
3. It provided for more Indians in the ICS.
the Home Rule League.
3. Demonstrations against the arrival of Simon Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Commission coincided with Rowlatt Satyagraha. (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (b) 2 and 3 only (d) None
(a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only
45. Which one of the following movements has
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 contributed to a split in the Indian National
Congress resulting in the emergence of ‘moderates’
40. Who of the following was/were economic critic/
and ‘extremists’?
critics of colonialism in India?
1. Dadabhai Naoroji (a) Swadeshi Movement
2. G. Subramania Iyer (b) Quit India Movement
3. R. C. Dutt (c) Non-Cooperation Movement
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (d) Civil Disobedience Movement
(a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only
46. Consider the following statements :
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. The first woman President of the Indian National
41. Consider the following statements related to the Congress was Sarojini Naidu.
work done by Governors: 2. The first Muslim President of the Indian National
1. Warren Hastings abolished the system of dastaks, Congress was Badruddin Tyabji.
or free passes and regulated the internal trade. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
2. Lord Cornwallis inaugurated the policy of
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
making appointments mainly on the basis of
merit in civil services. (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. Lord Hastings initiated the policy of Subsidiary
Alliance under which the British had to 47. The Radcliffe Committee was appointed to
maintain a contingent of British troops in (a) Solve the problem of minorities in India
territory of Indian ruler.
(b) Give effect to the Independence Bill
Which of the above stated works is/are correctly
matched? (c) Delimit the boundaries between India and
Pakistan
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 only
(d) Enquire into the riots in East Bengal
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) All

42. With reference to Congress Socialist Party, 48. The Partition of Bengal made by Lord Curzon in
consider the following statements: 1905 lasted until
1. It advocated the boycott of British goods and (a) The First World War when Indian troops were
evasion of taxes. needed by the British and the partition was ended.
2. It wanted to establish the dictatorship of proletariat. (b) King George V abrogated Curzon’s Act at the Royal
3. It advocated separate electorate for minorities Darbar in Delhi in 1911
and oppressed classes. (c) Gandhiji launched his Civil Disobedience
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Movement
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) The Partition of India, in 1947 when East Bengal
(b) Only 3 (d) None became East Pakistan

43. Who of the following organized a March on the 49. The 1929 Session of Indian, National Congress
Tanjore coast to break the Salt Law in April 1930? is of significance in the history of the Freedom
Movement because the
(a) V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
(a) Attainment of Self-Government was declared as
(b) C. Rajagopalachari the objective of the Congress
(c) K. Kamaraj (b) Attainment of Poorna Swaraj Was adopted as the
(d) Annie Besant goal of the Congress

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(c) Non-Cooperation Movement was launched 55. The demand for the Tebhaga Peasant Movement in
Bengal was for
(d) Decision to participate in the Round Table
Conference in London was taken (a) The reduction of the share of the landlords from
one-half of the crop to one-third
50. The Ghadr (Ghadar) was a - (b) the grant of ownership of land to peasants as they
(a) Revolutionary association of Indians with were the actual cultivators of the land
headquarters at San Francisco. (c) the uprooting of Zamindari system and the end
of serfdom
(b) Nationalist organization operating from
Singapore (d) writing off all peasant debts

(c) Militant organization with headquarters at Berlin 56. Annie Besant was
(d) Communist movement for India’s freedom with 1. Responsible for starting the Home Rule
head-quarters at Tashkent Movement
2. The founder of the Theosophical Society
51. What was/were the object/objects of Queen
3. Once the President of the Indian National
Victoria’s Proclamation (1858)? Congress
1. To disclaim any intention to annex Indian States Select the correct statement/statements using the
2. To place the Indian administration under the codes given below.
British Crown (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
3. To regulate East India Company’s trade with (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
India
Select the correct answer using the code given below. 57. The Ilbert Bill controversy was related to the

(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (a) Imposition of restrictions on the Indians of
certain class to carry arms by Indians
(b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) Imposition of restrictions on newspapers and
magazines published in Indian languages
52. The people of India agitated against the arrival of
Simon Commission because (c) Removal of disqualifications imposed on the
Indian magistrates with regard to the trial of the
(a) Indians never wanted the review of the working Europeans
of the Act of 1919
(d) Removal of a duty on imported cotton cloth
(b) Simon Commission recommended the abolition
of Dyarchy (Diarchy) in the Provinces 58. The congress ministries resigned in the seven
provinces in 1939 because
(c) There was no Indian member in the Simon
Commission (a) The Congress could not form ministries in the
other four provinces
(d) The Simon Commission suggested the partition of
the country (b) Emergence of a ‘left wing’ in the Congress made
the working of the ministries impossible
53. Quit India Movement was launched in response to (c) There were widespread communal disturbances
in their provinces
(a) Cabinet Mission Plan
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above
(b) Cripps Proposals is correct.
(c) Simon Commission Report
59. Which of the following is/are the principal
(d) Wavell Plan feature(s) of the Government of India Act, 1919?
1. Introduction of dyarchy in the executive
54. With reference to Indian History, the Members of
government of the provinces
the Constituent Assembly from the Provinces were
2. Introduction of separate communal electorates
(a) Directly elected by the people of those Provinces for Muslims
(b) Nominated by the Indian National Congress and 3. Devolution of legislative authority by the centre
the Muslim League to the provinces
(c) Elected by the Provincial Legislative Assemblies Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(d) Selected by the Government for their expertise in (a) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3
constitutional matters (b) 1 and 3 only (d) 1 only

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60. During the freedom struggle, the National Social Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Conference was formed. What was the reason for (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
its formation?
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) None of the these
(a) Different social reform groups or organizations
of Bengal region united to form a single body 65. Consider the following
to discuss the issues of larger interest and to 1. Calcutta Unitarian Committee
prepare appropriate petitions/representations to 2. Tabernacle of New Dispensation
the government
3. Indian Reform Association
(b) Indian National Congress did not want to include Keshab Chandra Sen is associated with the
social reforms in its deliberations and decided to establishment of which of the above?
form a separate body for such a purpose.
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) 3 only
(c) Behramji Malabari and M.G. Ranade decided to (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
bring together all the social reform groups of the
country under one organization 66. The distribution of powers between the Centre and
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above the States in the Indian Constitution is based on
the scheme provided in the:
is correct in this context
(a) Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909
61. Which of the following parties were established by (b) Montagu-Chelmsford Act, 1919
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar?
(c) Government of India Act, 1935
1. The Peasants and Workers Party of India
(d) Indian Independence Act, 1947
2. All India Scheduled Castes Federation
3. The Independent Labour Party 67. What was the purpose with which Sir William
Wedderburn and W.S. Caine had set up the Indian
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: parliamentary committee in 1893 ?
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (a) To agitate for Indian political reforms in the
house of commons.
(b) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3 only
(b) To campaign for the entry of Indians into the
62. Mahatma Gandhi undertook fast unto death in imperial judiciary.
1932, mainly because: (c) To facilitate a discussion on India’s independence
in the British parliament.
(a) Round Table Conference failed to satisfy Indian
political aspirations (d) To agitate for the entry of eminent Indians into
the British parliament.
(b) Congress and Muslim League had differences of
opinion 68. Mahatma Gandhi said that some of his deepest
convictions were reflected in a book titled, “unto
(c) Ramsay Macdonald announced the Communal
this last’’ and the book transformed his life. What
Award was the message from the book that transformed
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above mahatma Gandhi?
is correct in this context (a) Uplifting the oppressed and poor is the moral
responsibility of an educated man
63. The Rowlatt Act aimed at (b) The good of individual is contained in the good
(a) compulsory economic support to war efforts of all.
(b) Imprisonment without trial and summary (c) The life of celibacy and spiritual pursuit are
procedures for trial essential for a noble life.
(d) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) are correct in
(c) Suppression of the Khilafat Movement this context.
(d) Imposition of restrictions on freedom of the press
69. With reference to Indian freedom struggle, Usha
64. The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress Mehta is well-known for?
(1929) is very important in history, because (a) Running the secret congress radio in the wake of
1. The Congress passed a resolution demanding quit India movement.
complete independence. (b) Participating in the second round table
conference.
2. The rift between the extremists and moderates
was resolved in that Session. (c) Leading a contingent of Indian national army.
3. A resolution was passed rejecting the two-nation (d) Assisting in the formation of Interim government
theory in that Session. under Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

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70. With reference to the period of Indian freedom 3. Funds used for waging wars outside India by the
struggle, which of the following was/were British.
recommended by the Nehru report? (a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only
1. Complete independence for India. (b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. Joint electorates for reservation of seats for
minorities. 75. What was the reason for Mahatma Gandhi to
3. Provision of fundamental rights for the people of organize a satyagraha on behalf of the peasants of
India in the constitution. Kheda?
1. The administration did not suspend the land
Select the correct answer using the codes given
revenue collection in spite of a drought.
below:
2. The administration proposed to introduce
(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
permanent settlement in Gujarat.
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
71. The tendency for increased litigation was visible (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
after the introduction of the land settlement
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
system of lord Cornwallis in 1793. The reason for
this is normally traced to which of the following 76. Karl Marx explained the process of class struggle
provisions?
with the help of which one of the following theories?
(a) Making zamindar’s position stronger vis-à-vis the
(a) Empirical liberalism.
ryot.
(b) Existentialism.
(b) Making east India company an overlord of
zamindars. (c) Darwin’s theory of evolution.
(c) Making judicial system more efficient. (d) Dialectical materialism.
(d) None of the (a), (b) and (c) above.
77. With reference to Pondicherry (now Puducherry),
consider the following statements:
72. Which one of the following observation is not true
about the Quit India Movement of 1942? 1. The first European power to occupy Pondicherry
were the Portuguese.
(a) It was a non-violent movement.
2. The second European power to occupy
(b) It was led by mahatma Gandhi. Pondicherry were the French.
(c) It was a spontaneous movements. 3. The English never occupied Pondicherry.
(d) It did not attract the labour class in general. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

73. Which amongst the following provided a common (a) 1 only (c) 3 only
factor for tribal insurrection in India in the 19th (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
century?
(a) Introduction of a new system of land revenue and 78. Who among the following governors-general
taxation of tribal products. created the covenanted Civil Service of India which
later came to be known as the Indian Civil Service?
(b) Influence of foreign religious missionaries in
tribal areas. (a) Warren Hastings (c) Cornwallis
(c) Rise of a large number of money lenders, traders (b) Wellesley (d) William Bentinck
and revenue farmers as middlemen in tribal
areas. 79. By a regulation in 1793, the District Collector was
deprived of his judicial powers and made the
(d) The complete disruption of the old agrarian order
collecting agent only. What was the reason for such
of the tribal communities.
regulation?
74. With reference to the period of colonial rule in (a) Lord Cornwallis felt that the District Collector’s
India, “Home Charges” formed an important efficiency of revenue collection would enormously
part of drain of wealth from India. Which of the increase without the burden of other work.
following funds constituted “Home Charges’’?
(b) Lord Cornwallis felt that judicial power should
1. Funds used to support the India office in London. compulsorily be in the hands of Europeans while
2. Funds used to pay salaries and pensions of Indians can be given the job of revenue collection
British personnel engaged in India. in the districts.

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(c) Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the extent of 83. What was the immediate cause for the launch of
power concentrated in the District Collector and the Swadeshi movement?
felt that such absolute power was undesirable in
(a) The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.
one person.
(d) The judicial work demanded a deep knowledge (b) A sentence of 18 months rigorous imprisonment
of India and a good training in law and Lord imposed on Lokmanya Tilak.
Cornwallis felt that District Collector should be (c) The arrest and deportation of Lala Lajpat Rai and
only a revenue collector. Ajit Singh; and passing of the Punjab Colonization
Bill.
80. With reference to Simon Commission’s
recommendations, which one of the following (d) Death sentence pronounced on the Chapekar
statements is correct? brothers.
(a) It recommended the replacement of diarchy with
responsible government in the provinces. 84. Consider the following statements:

(b) It proposed the setting up of inter-provincial 1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad persuaded Mahatma
council under the Home Department. Gandhi to come to Champaran to investigate the
problem of peasants.
(c) It suggested the abolition of bicameral legislature
at the Centre. 2. Acharya J.B. Kriplani was one of Mahatma
Gandhi’s colleagues in his Champaran
(d) It recommended the creation of Indian Police
investigation.
Service with a provision for increased pay and
allowances for British recruits as compared to Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Indian recruits.
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
81. Four resolutions were passed at the famous (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Calcutta session of Indian National Congress
in 1906. The question of either retention or of 85. Consider the following statements:
rejection of these four resolutions became the
1. The “Bombay Manifesto” signed in 1936 openly
cause of a split in Congress at the next Congress
opposed the preaching of socialist ideals.
session held in Surat in 1907.
Which one of the following was not one of those 2. It evoked support from a large section of business
resolutions? community from all across India.

(a) Annulment of partition of Bengal Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(b) Boycott (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2

(c) National education (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Swadeshi
86. For the Karachi session of Indian National
82. After Quit India Movement, C. Rajagopalachari Congress in 1931 presided over by Sardar Patel,
issued a pamphlet entitled “The Way Out”. who drafted the Resolution on Fundamental Rights
Which one of the following was a proposal in this and Economic Programme?
pamphlet?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(a) The establishment of a “War Advisory Council”
composed of representatives of British India and (b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
the Indian States. (c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(b) Reconstitution of the Central Executive Council (d) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
in such a way that all its members, except the
Governor General and the Commander-in-Chief 87. Who among the following were official Congress
should be Indian leaders.
negotiators with Cripps Mission?
(c) Fresh elections to the Central and Provincial (a) Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel
Legislatures to be held at the end of 1945 and the
Constitution making body to be convened as soon (b) Acharya J. B. Kripalani and C. Rajagopalachari
as possible. (c) Pandit Nehru and Maulana Azad
(d) A solution for the constitutional deadlock. (d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Rafi Ahmed Kidwai

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88. With reference to the difference between the 93. One common agreement between Gandhism and
culture of Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley people, Marxism is
which of the following statements is/are correct? (a) the final goal of a stateless society
1. Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of mail and helmet (b) class struggle
in warfare whereas the people of Indus Valley
(c) abolition of private property
Civilization did not leave any evidence of using
them. (d) economic determinism

2. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper 94. With reference to the history of India, consider the
whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper following pairs:
and iron. 1. Aurang — In-charge of treasury of the state
3. Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse 2. Banian — Indian agent of the East India Company
whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley 3. Mirasidar — Designated revenue payer to the
people having been aware of this animal. state
Select the correct answer using the code given below: Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
89. Which one of the following books of ancient India (c) 3 only
has the love story of the son of the founder of
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Sunga dynasty?
(a) Swapnavasavadatta 95. Which of the following statements correctly
explains the impact of Industrial Revolution
(b) Malavikagnimitra
on India during the first half of the nineteenth
(c) Meghadoota century?
(d) Ratnavali (a) Indian handicrafts were ruined.
(b) Machines were introduced in the Indian textile
90. Who of the following had first deciphered the industry in large numbers.
edicts of Emperor Ashoka?
(c) Railway lines were laid in many parts of the
(a) Georg Buhier (c) Max Muller country.
(b) James Prinsep (d) William Jones (d) Heavy duties were imposed on the imports of
British manufactures.
91. Which of the following kingdoms were associated
with the life of the Buddha? 96. With reference to the book “Desher Katha” written
by Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar during the freedom
1. Avanti struggle, consider the following statements:
2. Gandhara 1. It warned against the Colonial State’s hypnotic
3. Kosala conquest of the mind.
4. Magadha 2. It inspired the performance of swadeshi street
plays and folk songs.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 3. The use of ‘desh’ by Deuskar was in the specific
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only context of the region of Bengal.
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 3 and 4 only Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
92. Which of the following statements is/are correct
(b) 2 and 3 only
regarding Brahmo Samaj?
(c) 1 and 3 only
1. It opposed idolatry.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
2. It denied the need for a priestly class for inter-
preting the religious texts. 97. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the
3. It popularized the doctrine that the Vedas are in- following?
fallible 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round
Select the correct answer using the code given below: Table Conference
2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only
in connection with the Civil Disobedience
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Movement

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3. Acceptance of Gandhiji’s suggestion for enquiry 103. Consider the following statements :
into police excesses 1. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919
4. Release of only those prisoners who were not recommended granting voting rights to all the
charged with violence women above the age of 21.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 2. The Government of India Act of 1935 gave
women reserved seats in legislature.
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
98. The Vital-Vidhwansak, the first monthly journal to (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
have the untouchable people as its target audience
was published by 104. With reference to 8th August, 1942 in Indian
(a) Gopal Baba Walangkar history, which one of the following statements is
correct?
(b) Jyotiba Phule
(a) The Quit India Resolution was adopted by the
(c) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
AICC.
(d) Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
(b) The Viceroy’s Executive Council was expanded to
include more Indians.
99. in the context of Indian history, the Rakhmabai
case of 1884 revolved around (c) The Congress ministries resigned in seven
1. Women’s right to gain education provinces.
2. Age of consent (d) Cripps proposed an Indian Union with full
Dominion Status once the Second World War was
3. Restitution of conjugal rights
over.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only 105. Who among the following is associated with ‘Songs
from Prison’, a translation of ancient Indian
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3 Religious lyrics in English?
100. Indigo cultivation in India declined by the (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
beginning of the 20th century because of (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(a) peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of (c) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
planters
(d) Sarojini Naidu
(b) its unprofitability in the world market because of
new inventions 106. Who among the following was associated as
(c) national leaders opposition to the cultivation of Secretary with Hindu Female Schools which later
indigo came to be known as Bethune Female School?
(d) Government control over the planters (a) Annie Besant
(b) Debendranath Tagore
101. Wellesley established the fort William College at
Calcutta because (c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(a) he was asked by the Board of Directors at London (d) Sarojini Naidu
to do so
107. In the context of Colonial India, Shah Nawaz Khan,
(b) he wanted to revive interest in oriental learning Prem Kumar Sehgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillion
in India
are remembered as
(c) He wanted to provide William Carey and his
(a) Leaders of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
associates with employment
(b) Members of the Interim Government in 1946
(d) he wanted to train British civilians for
administrative purpose in India (c) Members of the Drafting Committee in the
Constituent Assembly
102. With reference to the history of India, “Ulgulan” or (d) Officers of the Indian National Army
the Great Tumult is the description of which of the
following event? 108. With reference to Indian history, which of the
(a) The Revolt of 1857 following statements is/are correct?
(b) The Mappila Rebellion of 1921 1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad
State.
(c) The Indigo Revolt of 1859-60
2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of
(d) Birsa Munda’s Revolt of 1899-1900 Vijayanagara Empire.

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3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the 1. Administration of Justice

territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani. 2. Local Self-Government
Select the correct answer using the code given below. 3. Land Revenue
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only 4. Police
(b) 2 only (d) 3 only Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1, 3 and 4
109. In the first quarter of seventeenth century, in which
of the following was/were the factory/factories of (b) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
the English east India Company located?
1. Broach 112. Consider the following freedom fighters:

2. Chicacole 1. Barindra Kumar Ghosh

3. Trichinopoly 2. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee

3. Rash Behari Bose
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Who of the above was/were actively associated with
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only
the Ghadar Party?
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
110. With reference to Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh, (b) 2 only (d) 3 only
which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour Indian 113. With reference to the proposals of Cripps Mission,
National Flag here. consider the following statements:
(b) Pattabhi Sitaramaiah led the Quit India Movement 1. The Constituent Assembly would have members
of Andhra region from here. nominated by the Provincial Assemblies as well
as the Princely States.
(c) Rabindranath Tagore translated the National
Anthem from Bengali to English here. 2. Any Province, which is not prepared to accept the
new Constitution, would have the right to sign a
(d) Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott set up
separate agreement with Britain regarding its
headquarters of Theosophical Society first here.
future status.
111. In the Government of India Act 1919, the functions Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
of Provincial Government were divided into
“Reserved” and “Transferred” subjects. Which of (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
the following were treated as “Reserved” subjects? (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2

RELIGION, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

1. “Souls are not only the property of animal and 2. Hammira-Mahakavya : Nayachandra Suri
plant life, but also of rocks, running water and 3. Milinda-panha : Nagarjuna
many other natural objects not looked on as living
by other religious cects.” 4. Nitivakyamrita : Somadeva Suri

The above statement reflects one of the core beliefs of How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
which one of the following religious sects of ancients (a) Only one
India?
(b) Only two
(a) Buddhism
(c) Only three
(b) Jainism
(d) All four
(c) Shaivism
(d) Vaishnavism 3. Consider the following pairs:
State Well known for
2. With reference to ancient Indian History, consider
the following parts: 1. Besnagar : Shaivite cave shrine
2. Bhaja : Buddhist cave shrine
Literary work Author
1. Devichandragupta : Bilhana 3. Sittanavasal : Jain cave shrine

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How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only one (a) 1 only (c) 2 only
(b) Only two (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) All three
9. Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian
(d) None history were generally
(a) Agriculturists (c) Weaves
4. In which one of the following regions was
Dhanyakataka, which flourished as a prominent (b) Warriors (d) Traders
Buddhist centre under the Mahasanghikas,
located? 10. With reference to the cultural history of medieval
India, consider the following statements:
(a) Andhra
1. Siddhas (Sittars) of Tamil region were
(b) Gandhara monotheistic and condemned idolatry.
(c) Kalinga 2. Lingayats of Kannada region questioned the
(d) Magadha theory of rebirth and rejected the caste hierarchy
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
5. Which one of the following explains the practice of
‘Vattakirutal’ as mentioned in Sangam poems? (a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2

(a) Kings employing women bodyguards (b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2

(b) Learned persons assembling in royal courts to 11. Which one of the following was given classical
discuss religious and philosophical matters language status recently?
(c) Young girls keeping watch over agricultural fields (a) Odia (c) Bhojpuri
and driving away birds and animals
(b) Konkani (d) Assamese
(d) A king defeated in a battle committing ritual
suicide by starving himself to death 12. Which one of the following pairs does not form
part of the six systems of Indian Philosophy?
6. Consider the following:
(a) Mimamsa and Vedanta
1. Deification of the Buddha
2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas (b) Nyaya and Vaisheshika

3. Image worship and rituals (c) Lokayata and Kapalika

Which of the above is/are the feature/features of (d) Sankhya and Yoga
Mahayana Buddhism?
13. Consider the following statements:
(a) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only
1. ‘Bijak’ is a composition of the teachings of Saint
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Dadu Dayal.
2. The Philosophy of Pushti Marg was propounded
7. Consider the following pairs :
by Madhvacharya.
Tradition State
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Chapchar Kut festival Mizoram
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
2. Khongjom Parba ballad Manipur
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. ThangTa dance Sikkim
Which of the pairs given above is/are correct? 14. The national motto of India, ‘Satyameva Jayate’
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only inscribed below the Emblem of India is taken from

(b) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3 (a) Katha Upanishad

(b) Chandogya Upanishad
8. With reference to the religious history of India,
(c) Aitareya Upanishad
consider the following statements:
1. The concept of Bodhisattva is central to Hinayana (d) Mundaka Upanishad
sect of Buddhism.
15. Consider the following languages:
2. Bodhisattva is a compassionate one on his way to
enlightenment. 1. Gujarati

3. Bodhisattva delays achieving his own salvation 2. Kannada

to help all sentient beings on their path to it. 3. Telugu

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Which of the above has/have been declared as 3. Dhrupad Alap uses Sanskrit syllables from
‘Classical Language / Languages’ by the Government? Mantras.
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(b) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) None of the above
16. Which one of the following describes best the
concept of Nirvana in Buddhism? 21. Consider the following statements:
(a) The extinction of the flame of desire 1. St. Francis Xavier was one of the founding
members of the Jesuit Order.
(b) The complete annihilation of self
2. St. Francis Xavier died in Goa and a church is
(c) A state of bliss and rest dedicated to him there.
(d) A mental stage beyond all comprehension 3. The Feast of St. Francis Xavier is celebrated in
Goa each year.
17. Which of the following characterizes/ characterize
Which of the statements given above are correct?
the people of Indus Civilization?
(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only
1. They possessed great palaces and temples.
2. They worshipped both male and female deities. (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
3. They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare. 22. With reference to Indian history, consider the
Select the correct statement/ statements using the following texts:
codes given below: 1. Nettipakarana
(a) 1 and 2 only 2. Parishishtaparvan
(b) 2 only 3. Avadanashataka
4. TrishashtilakshanaMahapurana
(c) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the above are Jaina texts?
(d) None of the statements given above is correct
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
18. Consider the following Bhakti Saints: (b) 2 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
1. Dadu Dayal
23. With reference to Indian History, consider the
2. Guru Nanak
following pairs:
3. Tyagaraja
Historical person Known as
Who among the above was/were preaching when the
1. Aryadeva : Jaina scholar
Lodi dynasty fell and Babur took over?
2. Dignaga : Buddhist scholar
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only
3. Nathamuni : Vaishnava scholar
(b) 2 only (d) 1 and 2 only How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
19. With reference to the history of philosophical (a) None of the pairs (c) Only two pairs
thought in India, consider the following statements
(b) Only one pair (d) All three pairs
regarding Sankhya school:
1. Sankhya does not accept the theory of rebirth or 24. With reference to Indian history, who of the
transmigration of soul. following were known as “Kulah-Daran”?
2. Sankhya holds that it is the self-knowledge that (a) Arab merchants
leads to liberation and not any exterior influence
(b) Qalandars
or agent.
(c) Persian calligraphists
Which of the statements given above is /are correct?
(d) Sayyids
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 25. According to Kautiyla’s Arthahastra, which of the
following are correct?
20. With reference to Dhrupad, one of the major traditions 1. A person could be a slave as a result of a judicial
of India that has been kept alive for centuries, which punishment.
of the following statements are correct?
2. If a female slave bore her master a son, she was
1. Dhrupad originated and developed in the Rajput legally free.
kingdoms during the Mughal period. 3. If a son born to a female slave was fathered
2. Dhrupad is primarily a devotional and spiritual by her master, the son was entitled to the legal
music. status of the master’s son.

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Which of the statements given above are correct? material culture.

(a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (b) The social classification of Varna was known to
Sangam poets.
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Sangam poems have no references to warrior
26. Which one of the following statements about ethic.
Sangam literature in ancient South India is correct?
(d) Sangam literature refers to magical forces as
(a) Sangam poems are devoid of any reference to irrational.

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Building ‘Kalyaana Mandapas’ was a notable feature 5. Consider the following pairs:
in the temple construction in the kingdom of
Place of Pilgrimage Location
(a) Chalukya (c) Rashtrakuta 1. Srisailam : Nallamala Hills
(b) Chandela (d) Vijayanagara 2. Omkareshwar : Satmala Hills
3. Pushkar : Mahadeo Hills
2. Consider the following pairs:
Which of the above is/are correctly matched?
Crafts Heritage of
1. Puthukkuli shawls Tamil Nadu (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only

2. Sujni embroidery Maharashtra (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and.3

3. Uppadajamdani saris Karnataka
6. Which of the following has/have been accorded
Which of the pairs given above is/are correct? ‘Geographical Indication’ status?
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only 1. Banaras Brocades and Sarees
2. Rajasthani Daal-Bati-Churma
(b) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
3. Tirupathi Laddu
3. Consider the following pairs : Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Traditions Communities (a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
1. Chaliha Sahib Festival — Sindhis (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. Nanda Raj Jaat Yatra — Gonds
7. Every year, a monthlong ecologically important
3. Wari-Warkari — Santhals campaign/festival is held during which certain
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly communities/ tribes plant saplings of fruit-
matched? bearing trees. Which of the following are such
communities/tribes?
(a) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(a) Bhutia and Lepcha (c) lrula and Toda
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) None of the above
(b) Gond and Korku (d) Sahariya and Agariya
4. Consider the following pairs:
8. With reference to ‘Changpa’ community of India,
Famous place Region
consider the following statement :
1. Bodhgaya : Baghelkhand
1. They live mainly in the State of Uttarakhand.
2. Khajuraho : Bundelkhand
2. They rear the Pashmina goats that yield a fine
3. Shirdi : Vidarbha wool.
4. Nasik (Nashik) : Malwa 3. They are kept in the category of Scheduled
5. Tirupati : Rayalaseema Tribes.
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only (c) 2 and 5 only (a) 1 only (c) 3 only
(b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only (d) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

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9. Chaitra 1 of the national calendar based on the traditional sarees / fabric?

Saka Era corresponds to which one of the following (a) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only
dates of the Gregorian calendar in a normal year
of 365 days? (b) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only

(a) 22 March (or 21st March) 11. Consider the following statements:
(b) 15th May (or 16th May) 1. 21st February is declared to be the International
(c) 31st March (or 30th March) Mother Language Day by UNICEF.
2. The demand that Bangla has to be one of the
(d) 21st April (or 20th April)
national languages was raised in the Constituent
Assembly of Pakistan.
10. Consider the following towns of India :
1. Bhadrachalam Which of the above statements is/are correct?

2. Chanderi (a) 1 only

3. Kancheepuram (b) 2 only
4. Karnal (c) Both 1 and 2
Which of the above are famous for the production of (d) Neither 1 nor 2

**********

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 HISTORY
ANSWERS

ANCIENT INDIA

1. Exp. (d) forms of stupas as much older and prehistoric in

origin (megaliths), Indus valley
 The Hoysala Empire was a Kannadiga power
originating from the Indian subcontinent that  Stupas may have originated as pre-
ruled most of what is now Karnataka between the Buddhist tumuli in which sramanaswere buried in
10th and the 14th centuries. a seated position called chaitya.
 The Gahadavala dynasty also Gahadavalas of  At its simplest, a stupa is a dirt burial mound
Kannauj was a Rajput dynasty that ruled parts of the faced with stone. In Buddhism, the earliest stupas
present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, contained portions of the Buddha’s ashes, and as
during 11th and 12th centuries. Their capital a result, the stupa began to be associated with the
was located at Banaras (now Varanasi) in body of the Buddha. Adding the Buddha’s ashes to
the Gangetic plains, and for a brief period, they also the mound of dirt activated it with the energy of
controlled Kannauj. the Buddha himself.
 The Kakatiya dynasty was a Telugu dynasty that  Before Buddhism, great teachers were buried in
ruled most of eastern Deccan region in present- mounds. Some were cremated, but sometimes they
day India between 12th and 14th centuries. were buried in a seated, meditative position. The
Their territory comprised much of the present mound of earth covered them up. Thus, the domed
day Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and parts of shape of the stupa came to represent a person
eastern Karnataka, northern Tamil Nadu, and seated in meditation much as the Buddha was
southern Odisha when he achieved Enlightenment and knowledge
 Yadavas were in The Yadavas of Devagiri was of the Four Noble Truths.
a Medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled  Stupa, Buddhist commemorative monument
a kingdom stretching from the Narmada river in usually housing sacred relics associated with
the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, the Buddha or other saintly persons.Buddhist stupas
in the western part of the Deccan region. Its were originally built to house the earthly remains
territory included present-day Maharashtra, North of the historical Buddha and his associates and are
Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh, from its almost invariably found at sites sacred to Buddhism.
capital at Devagiri.
 Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) on Thursday
2. Exp. (a) unearthed two miniature votive stupas dating
back 1200 years during landscaping work near
 The Buddhist architecture in Andhra Pradesh
the Sarai Tila mound within the grounds of
is represented by the rock-cut caves and brick
“NalandaMahavihara,” a world heritage site in the
and stone built stupas, chaityas, viharas and
state’s Nalanda district. The stupas, carved from
silamandpas. The rock-cut caves are seen at
stone, depict Buddha figures.
Guntupalli, Kapavaram, Erravaram, Gopalpatnam
etc.  Beginning in the 7th century CE in India, small
 A.H. Longhurst, Walter Elliot, Alexander Rea, miniature terracotta stupas became popular as
James. Burgess, Robert Sewell and many others votive offerings. Devout pilgrims visiting various
conducted systematic and careful excavations at holy sites and temples throughout Asia would
Bhattiprolu, Ghantasala, Amaravati etc. and either purchase small votive offerings or make
exposed relic caskets which created much curiosity their own.
among Indian scholars about various aspects of
4. Exp. (b)
these valuable reliquaries.
 Muziris (Muchiri) (chera) ,Korkai (pandaya) and
3. Exp: (b) the discoveries at Arikamedu, Poompuhar, (chola)
 The origin of the concept of stupa was earlier than Kodumanal, among other sites, provide evidence
Buddhism as archaeologists have pointed out early of the Tamils’ international trade activities.

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 They all are important ports of sangam period. 10. Exp. (b)
 Sautrantika were an early Buddhist school
5. Exp. (c)
generally believed to be descended from the
 Sohgaura is not a Harappan site and is situated in Sthavira nikāya by way of their immediate
Uttar Pradesh. It is famous for it copper inscription parent school, the Sarvāstivādins. While they are
written in prakrit in the Brahmi script. identified as a unique doctrinal tendency, they
 All the other three are Harappan sites. Chanhudaro were part of the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya lineage of
in Sindh, Pakistan, Kot Diji in Sindh, Pakistan , monastic ordination
Desalpur in Gujarat, India
 The Sammitiya sect was an offshoot of the
6. Exp. (a) Vatsiputriya sect, and was one of the eighteen
or twenty early Buddhist schools in India.
 This site is situated on the left bank of the Bhima
Like its predecessor, it claims the person as a
river ,2km east of chandrala Parameshwari temple
carrier of skandhas endures, and as such was a
at sannati, Karnataka.
representative (perhaps the most prominent one)
 The discoveries of the site included a broken relief of the Pudgalavada schools.
sculpture showing a king and queen flanked by
female attendants two of whom held up a parasol  Sarvastivadin sect of Buddhism believes that all
and fly whisk – symbols of sovereignty – in their things exist, and exist continuously, in the past and
hands. the future as well as in the present
 An Inscription in Brahmi read “Ranyo Ashoka” 11. Exp. (c)
(King Ashoka) leaving no doubt who the central
figure was supposed to represent.  The Ramayana mentions chariots covered with
leather. The Rig Vedic charioteers used varma
7. Exp. (a) (coats of mail) and sipra/sironastra (helmets).
 In central and western India the villagers were  Equipped with asi (swords), hanas (arrows) and
also subjected to forced labour called vishti for ilhianus (bows), the Kshatriyas on the chariots
serving the royal army and officials. Thus it was a went to combat
source of income for the kingdom.
 The Indus valley people knew the use of copper,
8. Exp. (b) bronze, silver, gold but not iron.

 Sthanakvasi is a sect of svetambara Jainism  Some scholars claim that the horse was widely
founded by a merchant named Lavaji in 1653 domesticated and used in India in the area covered
AD. It believes that idol worship is not essential by the Indus-Sarasvati (or Harappan) Civilisation,
in the path of soul purification and attainment of but this evidence remains unsubstantiated.
Nirvana or Moksha.
12. Exp. (b)
 The Sthanakwasi arose not directly from the
Shwetambars but as reformers of an older  The Malavikagnimitra is a Sanskrit play by Kalidas.
reforming sect, viz., the Lonka sect of Jainism. The play tells the love story of Agnimitra, the
This Lonka sect was founded in about 1474 A.D. Shunga Emperor. He falls in love with the picture
by Lonkashah, a rich and well-read merchant of of an exiled servant girl named Malavika.
Ahmedabad.  The hero of Kalidasa’s play, Malavikagnimitra,
9. Exp. (c) was a King of the Suṅga dynasty and the son of
Puṣyamitra( founder of sunga dynasty ).
 Maitreya Sanskrit, Metteyya (Pali), is regarded
as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist 13. Exp. (b)
eschatology. In some Buddhist literature, such
 In 1837, British archeologist and historian James
as the Amitabha Sutra and the Lotus Sutra, he is
Prinsep decoded the edicts of emperor Ashoka.
referred to as Ajita.
Prinsep’s inscription proved to be a series of edicts
 According to Buddhist tradition, Maitreya is a issued by a king calling himself “Beloved-of-the-
bodhisattva who will appear on Earth in the Gods, King Piyadasi.”
future, achieve complete enlightenment, and
teach the pure dharma. According to scriptures,  The inscriptions found in the central and eastern
Maitreya will be a successor to the present Buddha, part of India were written in Magadhi Prakrit
Gautama Buddha. The prophecy of the arrival of using the Brahmi script, while Prakrit using the
Maitreya refers to a time in the future when the Kharoshthi script, Greek and Aramaic were used
dharma will have been forgotten by most on the in the northwest. These edicts were deciphered by
terrestrial world. British archaeologist and historian James Prinsep.

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14. Exp. (d) their produce and merchandise after paying light
duties at ferries and barrier stations.
 Avanti was not directly related to life of Buddha.
 Gandhara is not directly associated with the life 18. Exp. (c)
of Buddha. It was expansion of Maurya empire  Different kinds of specialized surgical instruments
that Gandhara received much Buddhist influence, were in common use by 1st century AD.
notably during the reign of Asoka.
 Transplant of internal organs in the human body
 Pasenadi (Prasenajit), king of Kosala, was the was not developed ancient india.
Buddha’s contemporary and is frequently
 In Indian astronomy, the study of trigonometric
mentioned in Pali texts. Kosala and Magadha functions flourished in the Gupta period,
were linked through matrimonial ties. Buddha especially due to Aryabhata (fifth century AD),
wandered through the towns and villages in the who discovered the sine function.
kingdoms of Kosala and Magadha teaching his
philosophy.  Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician
of the seventh century a.d., authored two
15. Exp. (a) treatises of astronomy in SCorrect Option
:krit, Brhmasphuṭasiddhnta (BSS, 628 a.d. and
 Tyagaraja also known as Tyagayya, was a Khaṇḍakhdyaka (665 a.d.)
renowned composer of Carnatic music, a form
of Indian classical music and sant of the Bhakti  Observing that a cyclic quadrilateral is split
by a diagonal into two triangles with the same
movement.
circumcenter and the same circumradius,
 Tukaram was a 17th-century Hindu poet and sant the result follows, using the tools available to
of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra, India. Brahmagupta.
 Vallabhacharya also known as Vallabha, was
19. Exp. (b)
an Indian Telugu philosopher who founded the
Krishna-centered Pushti sect of Vaishnavism  Buddhism advocated middle path that is avoidance
in the Braj region of India. He became one of of extremities of penance and enjoyment. On the
the important leaders of the devotional Bhakti other hand Jainism advocated extreme penance
movement. and asceticism.
 Nāgārjuna) is widely considered one of the most  Both denied the authenticity of the Vedas as an
important Buddhist philosophers. Along with infallible authority.
his disciple Āryadeva, he is considered to be the  Both were the products of intellectual, spiritual and
founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna social forces of their age and therefore, both stood
Buddhism. up as revolts against the prevalent Brahmanical
religion. and denial of efficacy of rituals
16. Exp. (d)
20. Exp. (b)
 The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice
penance. Karma is the bane of the soul and must  Buddha’s calling of the Earth to witness his purity
be ended. and chastity despite the temptations of Mara
Among Buddhist symbols, Gautama Buddha used
 Karma is the bane of the soul. Karma not only the Bhumisparsha gesture to summon the earth
encompasses the causality of transmigration but goddess, Sthavara , as witness to his attainment of
it is also conceived as an extremely subtle matter Buddhahood.
which infiltrates the soul, obscuring its natural,
transparent, pure qualities.  This gesture signifies the state of enlightenment
after meditating under the bodhi tree for four
17. Exp. (b) weeks and withstanding all the temptations put
before him by Mara, the god of evil.
 Hiuen-Tsang (or Yuan Chwang), a Chinese Pilgrim,
visited India during the reign of Harsha. His object 21. Exp. (c)
was to secure authentic Buddhist scriptures and
 The early Vedic Aryans indulged in Nature
visit places of Buddhist interest. Tsang himself was Worship and Yajnas.
robbed various number of times.
 The mode of worship was the performance of
 The punishment for social offences according to sacrifices (Yajna) which included the chanting of
the traveller’s account, were to cut off the nose, or Rigvedic verses (Vedic chant), singing of Samans
an ear or a hand. Minor offences were dealt with and ‘mumbling’ of sacrificial mantras (Yajus).
fines. And to determine guilt or innocence, ordeals
by fire, water and poison were the instruments 22. Exp. (d)
which were used.  Kautilya given in Arthashstra about the registration
 Hiuen-Tsang reported that taxes were light during of Guilds. He had devised the method of regulation
that time and tradesmen go to and from bartering of guilds by

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 Registration of the Guilds  Rita is predecessor to Dharma and is the Original

Rig Vedic concept which refers to the principle of
 Laying down the checks and balances on natural order which regulates and coordinates the
the activities of the artisCorrect Option (a) operation of the universe and everything within it.
nd forming the penal laws to prevent their
 Rita refer to the moral rules that are levied on us
trCorrect Option :gression.
by society. It’s our prerogative whether we follow
 Appointment of special tribunals to administer them or not.
the laws.
27. Exp. (a)
23. Exp. (d)  The paintings in the cave of Ajanta in the state
 India had better ship building technology. India of Maharashtra and the paintings in the cave of
exported ships and boats on regular basis and Bagh in the state of Madhya Pradesh symbolize the
shipping was major industry. Arab sailors also Gupta style painting.
purchased boat from India, there is document  The cave paintings of the Gupta period commonly
named “YUKTIKALPATARU” which gives showcased the life of Buddha and various stories
information of ship building in India is highly from the Jataka tales. As such, there was some
advanced. religious aspect attached to the painting style of
the Gupta period
 Encouragement of trade due to monsoon was
much correct about the Africa and Arabia rather 28. Exp. (a)
than Southeast Asia.
 Buddha was considered 9th incarnation of Vishnu
 The rulers of southern India always patronized thus became a part of Vaishnavism this one of the
traders, Brahmin priests and Buddhist monks to reason to Buddhism start declining in India in the
maintain its early cultural contacts and trade links early medieval times.
with southeast Asia across the bay of Bengal.  No tribe from Central Asia persecuted Buddhists
and even few invaders from central Asia till the
24. Exp. (a) time of last Gupta king adopted Buddhist religion.
 Jainism does not support belief in a creator deity.  Gupta dynasty did not oppose Buddhism. However,
According to Jain doctrine, the universe and they did not give them patronage
its constituents—soul, matter, space, time, and
principles of motion—have always existed. All the 29. Exp. (b)
constituents and actions are governed by universal  Statement 1 is incorrect: At the second
natural laws. Buddhist council of Vaishali two schools emerged
 It is not possible to create matter out of nothing Sthaviravadins while Mahayana came into being
and hence the sum total of matter in the universe in 4th council
remains the same (similar to law of conservation  Statement 2 is correct: Subdivisions of
of mass). the Mahasanghikas over the next seven
centuries included the Lokottaravadins, the
25. Exp. (c) Ekavyavaharikas, and the Kaukkutikas
 The Indus Valley religion is polytheistic and  Statement 3 is correct: Mahasanghika paved
predominantly a secular civilization the way for the emergence of Mahayana sect
 There are many seals to support the evidence of of Buddhism during 4th Buddhist council.
the Indus Valley Gods. Some seals show animals Mahayanist gave prominence to the Boddhisattva
which resemble the two gods, Shiva and Rudra. ideal.
Other seals depict a tree which the Indus Valley
30. Exp. (c)
believed to be the tree of life.
 Farmers in the Indus valley were the first to  Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja: Rambhadra
spin and weave cotton. In 1929 archaeologists (833-c. 836) briefly succeeded Nagabhata II.
recovered fragments of cotton textiles at Mohenjo- Mihira Bhoja (c. 836–886) expanded the Pratihara
dominions west to the border of Sind, east to
Daro, in what is now Pakistan, dating to between
Bengal, and south to the Narmada. His son,
3250 and 2750 BCE.
Mahenderpal I (890–910), expanded further
26. Exp. (c) eastwards in Magadha, Bengal, and Assam.
 Dharma refer to our duties that we have to  Establishment of Pallava power under
perform. Mahendravarman- I: Pallavas became a major
power during the reign of Mahendravarman I
 Dharma is so called, because it holds the people. (571–630 CE)
Etymologically, Dharma is derived from the root
Dhr—to hold—and its meaning is ‘that that which  Establishment of Chola power: (907-950)
holds’ this world.  Pala dynasty founded by Gopala: He was a local

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chieftain who rose to power in the mid-8th century  Option 2 is incorrectly matched Shramana means
during a period of anarchy. “seeker, one who performs acts of austerity,
ascetic”. Shramana is a wandering monk in certain
31. Exp. (c) austere traditions of ancient India, including
 Hundi is a financial instrument that developed Jainism, Buddhism, and ajvika religion.
in Medieval India for use in trade and credit  Upasaka 3 is correctly matched feminine Upasika,
transactions. Hundis are used as a form of lay devotee of the Gautama Buddha.
remittance instrument to transfer money from
place to place, as a form of credit instrument to 37. Exp. (a)
borrow money and as a bill of exchange in trade
 In the Gupta period , there was flourishing trade
transactions.
both internal and external.
32. Exp. (a)  The wealth of the Roman Empire reached India
 In many insciptions the land is indicated by a term through the ports of Kalyan, Chaul, Broach and
denoting the measures of seed which could be cambay in western India.
sown on it. Some of the Gupta records refer to the  In the Andhra region the ports were Kadura and
expression Kulyavapa as a denomination of land Ghantashala.
measurement
 Kaveripattanam and Tondai were ports of Pandya
 Dronavapa also is an area of land requiring one region.
dro?a measure of seed grains to be sown.
38. Exp: (b)
33. Exp. (a)
 Bhavabhuti was an 8th-century scholar of India
 Following is the Edict of Ashoka “Whoever praises noted for his plays and poetry, written in Sanskrit.
his own religion, due to excessive devotion, and His plays are considered the equal of the works of
condemns others with the thought “Let me glorify Kalidasa. Bhavabhuti seems to have been the court
my own religion,” only harms his own religion. poet of King Yashovarman of Kanauj and known
Therefore contact (between religions) is good. to have been in the entourage of the king who had
One should listen to and respect the doctrines fought with Lalitaditya Muktapada, the king of
professed by others. Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Kashmir and had got defeated by him
Piyadasi, desires that all should be well-learned in
the good doctrines of other religions”  Hastimalla was 13th century Kannada poets and
writers in Hoysala Empire. He wrote Purvapurana
34. Exp. (c)  Kshemendra (990 – c. 1070 CE) was an 11th-century
 Paramita is a Buddhist term often translated Sanskrit poet from Kashmir in India.
as “perfection”. It is described in Buddhist
commentaries as noble character qualities 39. Exp: (a)
generally associated with enlightened beings.  Ajanta Caves, Buddhist rock-cut cave temples and
 Paramita in Mahayana Buddhism means any of the monasteries, located near Ajanta village, north-
perfections, or transcendental virtues, practiced central Maharashtra state, western India, are
by bodhisattvas (“Buddhas-to-be”) in advanced celebrated for their wall paintings.
stages of their path toward enlightenment.  The temples are hollowed out of granite cliffs on
the inner side of a 70-foot (20-metre) ravine in the
35. Exp. (c)
Wagurna River valley 65 miles (105 km) northeast
 Kalidasa lived during the reign of Chandragupta of Aurangabad.
–II.
40. Exp: (c)
 Amarsimha was a Sanskrit grammarian and poet
from ancient India, of whose personal history  The Chausath Yogini temple is in Mitaoli village
hardly anything is known. (also spelled Mitawali or Mitavali), near Padaoli
 He is said to have been “one of the nine gems in Morena district 40 kilometres (25 mi) from
that adorned the throne of Vikramaditya,” and Gwalior.According to an inscription dated to 1323
according to the evidence of Xuanzang, this is the CE (Vikram Samvat 1383), the temple was built by
Chandragupta Vikramaditya (Chandragupta II) the Kachchhapaghata king Devapala (r. c. 1055 –
1075).
 Eliminating option 2 we reach option c as correct
answer.  It is said that the temple was the venue of providing
education in astrology and mathematics based on
36. Exp. (b) the transit of the Sun.
 Option 1 is correctly matched A wandering  It is externally circular in shape with a radius of
mendicant, vagrant, recluse, an ascetic who has 170 feet and within its interior part it has 64 small
renounced the world. chambers.

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 Within the main central shrine there are slab the fall of the Gupta was that of the Pushyabhutis
coverings which have perforations in them to who had their capital at Thanesar (Thanesvara
drain rainwater to a large underground storage. in Kurukshetra). The dynasty became influential
The pipe lines from the roof lead the rain water to with the accession of Prabhakarvardhana, who
the storage are also visible.The Parliament house was able to defeat the Hunas and strengthen his
was inspired by the circular Chausath Yogini position in the regions of Punjab and Haryana.
Temple.
 Yadava dynasty ruled in deccan near Devgiri
 The cells and the main shrine are fl at topped, but (Daultabad) between 12th–14th-century AD.
it is believed that initially each had a shikhara on
 The Paramara dynasty ruled Malwa and
top.
surrounding areas in west-central India between
 While the 64 Yoginis originally placed in the 64 9th and 14th centuries AD.
subsidiary shrines are now missing, a Shiva linga
has taken their places in each cell. The central 43. Exp: (D)
shrine also holds a Shivalinga.  The Ganeshwar-Jodhpura Chalcolithic culture was
41. Exp: (a) fi rst discovered in the 1970’s post the excavation
at Jodhpura and Ganeshwar respectively.
 The configuration of the city of Dholavira, during
 The site of Ganeshwar yielded a lot of copper
its heyday, is an outstanding example of planned
objects such as arrowheads, spearheads, chisels,
city with planned and segregated urban residential
fish hooks, razor blades; ornaments like rings,
areas based on possibly differential occupational
hairpins, bangles, antimony rods, double spiral
activities, and a stratifi ed society. Technological
headed pin amongst others.
advancements in water harnessing systems, water
drainage systems as well architecturally and  Around 50 km north-east of Kolkata, near the tiny
technologically developed features are refl ected village of Berachampa in West Bengal, lies the
in the design, execution, and effective harnessing 2,300-year-old site of Chandraketugarh, filled with
of local materials. the most amazing terracotta sculptures.
 Unlike other Harappan antecedent towns normally  Two years later, archaeologist Rakhaldas Banerji –
located near to rivers and perennial sources of the man who discovered the ruins of Mohenjodaro
water, the location of Dholavira in the island of – visited Chandraketugarh and found a vast crop
Khadir was strategic to harness different mineral of terracotta artefacts.
and raw material sources (copper, shell, agate-
carnelian, steatite, lead, banded limestone, among 44. Exp: (b)
others) and to facilitate internal as well as external  The Dayabhaga and The Mitakshara are the two
trade to the Magan (modern Oman peninsula) and schools of law that govern the law of succession
Mesopotamian regions of the Hindu Undivided Family Under Indian Law.
42. Exp: (b)  According to the Mitakshara law school a joint
family refers only to the male member of a family
 From the decline of Guptas until the rise of
and extends to include his son, grandson and great-
Harshvardhanas, new ruling dynasties emerged
grandson. They collectively have co-ownership/
in different part of Northern India. The most
Coparcenary in the Joint Family.
prominent ones were- The Pushyabhutis of
Thaneshwar, Maukharies of Kannauj, Maitrakas  Thus, a son by birth acquires an interest in the
of Vallabhi, etc. ancestral property of the joint family. Under the
Dayabhaga law school, the son has no automatic
 The Maitrakas were tributary chiefs of the
ownership right by birth but acquires it on the
Guptas, who established an independent
demise of his father.
kingdom in western India. Dhruvasena II was
the most important ruler of the Maitrakas. He  In the Mitakshara system the wife cannot demand
was a contemporary of Harshavardhana and was partition. She, however, has the right to a share in
married to his daughter. any partition effected between her husband and her
sons.
 The Maukharies ruled over Kanauj, a city in
western Uttar Pradesh, which gradually replaced  Under the Dayabhaga this right does not exist for the
Pataliputra as a political center of north India. women because the sons cannot demand partition as
Maukharies were also the subordinate rulers the father is the absolute owner. In both the systems,
of the Guptas and used the title of samanta. in any partition among the sons, the mother is
Harshavardhana’s sister Rajyashri was married to entitled to a share equal to that of a son.
Grihavarman.  Similarly, when a son dies before partition leaving
 An important ruling family to gain prominence after the mother as his heir, the mother is entitled to a

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share of her deceased son as well as share in her law DakshaPrajapati. Moon was married to
own right when there is a partition between the Twenty-Seven daughters of Daksha. However, he
remaining sons. favouredRohini and neglected other queens. The
aggrieved Daksha cursed Moon and the Moon
45. Exp. (b) lost power of light. With the advice of Prajapita
Brahma, Moon arrived at the PrabhasTeerth and
 Pair 1 is correctly matched: Dhauli is located in worshipped Bhagvan Shiva. Pleased with the great
Odisha. penance and devotion of Moon, Bhagvan Shiva
 Pair 2 is correctly matched: Erragudi or Yerragudi blessed him and relieved him from the curse
is located in Andhra Pradesh of darkness. Pauranic traditions maintain that
Moon had built a golden temple, followed by a
 Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Jaugada is located silver temple by Ravana, Bhagvan Shree Krishna
in Odisha. is believed to have built Somnath temple with
 Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Kalsi is located in Sandalwood.
Uttarakhand.  The later sources of history account for several
desecrations by Muslims invaders during eleventh
46. Exp. (a) to eighteen century A.D. The temple was rebuilt
 Somnath Temple at Somnath, Gujrat is one of the every time with the reconstructive spirit of the
most sacred pilgrimage sites for Hindus and is people. The modern temple was reconstructed
believed to be first among the twelve Jyotirlinga with the resolve of Sardar Patel who visited the
shrines of Shiva. ruins of Somnath temple on November 13 1947.
Then President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, did
 Ancient Indian traditions maintain a close
the Pran-Pratistha at the existing temple on 11
relationship of Somnath with release of Chandra
May 1951.So statement 3 is incorrect.
(Moon God) from the curse of his father-in-

MEDIEVAL HISTORY

1. Exp. (c) considered equivalent to a province. It was

initiated by Iltutmish in India.
 Early in the 16th century, the Sultan of Gujarat,
Bahadur Shah, came under immense pressure  It had started outside India in Persia (Iran) region
when his kingdom was invaded by the second and in western Asia. Thus not indigenous.
Mughal Emperor Humayun.  Office of Mir Bakshi started under Mughal
 At that juncture, he decided to remain on administration. He looked after all matters
conciliatory terms with the Portuguese, who had pertaining to the military administration. The
arrived in India at the end of the 15th century, orders of appointment of mansabdars and their
and were at the time an energetic and ambitious salary papers were endorsed and passed by him.
maritime power.  The amalguzar or amil was the revenue collector
 In 1534, the Shah signed the Treaty of Bassein with during Delhi Sultanate. His duty was to assess and
the Portuguese, ceding Diu to the latter, as well as supervise the revenue collection. He was expected
other territories of his empire such as Vasai and the to increase the land under cultivation and induce
the peasants to pay revenue willingly. He used to
islands that today form Mumbai. The Portuguese
maintain all accounts and send the daily receipt
obtained Daman from the Shah in 1559. and expenditure report to the provincial Diwan.
2. Exp. (a) 4. Exp. (d)
 In 1410, he had a barrage built across the  Saint nimbarka is believed to have been alive
Tungabhadra River and commissioned a during 11th century. While Akbar 16th century.
24-kilometer-long aqueduct from the river to the  Saint Kabir was born in 1440 while Shaikh Ahmad
capital. Sirhindi was an Islamic scholar lived later between
 Nuniz’s account details the projects undertaken (1564-1624).
by Deva Raya I that brought prosperity to the
Kingdom. 5. Exp. (a)
 Tansen was the title given to him by Raja Vikramjit
3. Exp. (a)
of Gwalior. Akbar made Tansen as one of the
 Iqta system: Iqta’ is an Arabic word meaning Navaratnas in his court and gave him the title of
an administrative regional unit. It is usually ‘Mian’.

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 Kalpadruma is a compliation of 300 of his dhrupads  He was an ardent devotee of lord Rama. In his
that were in Gauhar Bani. Tansen composed in his praise and honour he wrote numerous musical
favourite ragas — Multani, Bhairavi and Todi . operas, and about twenty four thousand songs,
 He invented the night raga Darbari Kanhra, a claim that has been speculated among music
morning raga Mian Ki Todi, mid-day raga, Mian historians.
ki Sarang, seasonal raga Mian ki Malhar. His
9. Exp. (b)
descendants and disciples are called Seniyas.
 The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian dynasty
 He composed many dhrupads on Ganesha, Shiva,
whose capital was Orugallu, now known as
Parvati and Rama.
Warangal. It was eventually conquered by the
 He also composed songs on his patrons, eulogizing Delhi Sultanate.
kings and Akbar
 Motupalli was a famous sea port during Kakatiya
6. Exp. (c) Period. Marcopolo, a Portuguese navigator, visited
this place and wrote about the prosperity and
 Jahangir took keen interest in painting. He was a
power of Andhra Pradesh during the reign of
bird and animal lover and patronized paintings
Kakatiya kings in his travelogue.
of flowers, animals, birds etc. Apart from painting
of hunting scenes, court scenes, under him 10. Exp. (c)
specialized individual portraits were painted in a
realistic manner.  In reign of Krishna Deva, land revenue was the
main source of income of the government. To assess
7. Exp. (a) the proper revenue entire land was classified into
four parts: the wet land, the dry land, the orchards
Jagirdar and Zamindar
and the woods.
 The Jagirdars were the king’s officials who enjoyed
 Usually shareof tax was the one sixth of produce.
the land gifted from the King. They were the
Land revenue paid in cash or kind.
rank (mansab) holder given by the king called
mansabdar.  Thegovernment also levied other taxes like the
grazing tax, the customs duty, tax on gardening
 They were allotted non-inheritable land area
and industries taxes on manufacture of various
equivalent to their fee amount called Jagir. These
articles.
Jagirs are temporary in character and the Jagirdars
only have the right to claim and enjoy the revenue 11. Exp. (c)
collected from the land.
 The Persian wheel is a mechanical water lifting
 The holder of land is termed as the Zamindar. for irrigation of land, device operated usually by
They had the hereditary right over the land to draught animals like bullocks, buffaloes or camels.
claim share in the peasant’s output other than land It is used to lift water from water sources typically
revenues. open wells
 They also have the right to detain the peasants. In  With its use in Iran, the then Persia, and perhaps
most of the Mughal period the Zamindar collected its discovery there, it came to be called the Persian
land revenue from the actual tillers of land and for wheel.
this they were allowed one tenth of the collections
either in cash or an equivalent amount of tax free  This device made its entry into India with the
land. establishment of Delhi Sultanate. “Baburnama”
gives a pictorial representation and a clear
 Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu description of Persian Wheel in use in the Punjab
of judicial and police duties, whereas Zamindars province.
were holders of revenue rights without obligation
to perform any duty other than revenue collection. 12. Exp. (d)

8. Exp. (b)  The Magadha and the suttas were associated with
memorizing of chronicles, dynastic histories and
 Tallapaka Annamacarya (or Annamayya) Epic tales.
was a 15th-century Hindu saint and is the
earliest known Indian musician to compose  Magadha is supposed to be a courtier with these
songs called sankirtanas in praise of the god roles to perform .The memorising of chromicals,
Venkateswara, a form of Vishnu. dynastic histories or epic tales was the different
work group of people,the Suttas and Maghadas.
 Tyagaraja took music training from Sonti
Venkataramayya. But that didn’t stop him 13. Exp. (d)
from taking musical inspirations from various  A special category of land Eripatti or tank land,
earlier poets. was known only in south India, This was land

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donated by individuals, the revenue from which 18. Exp. (c)

was set apart for the maintenance of’ the village
 The Ibadat Khana (House of Worship) was a
tank, which indicates the dependence of the village
meeting house built in 1575 by the Mughal
on the tank for irrigation.
Emperor Akbar at Fatehpur Sikri to gather
 Taniyurs were distinct revenue units under spiritual leaders of different religious grounds so
Cholas. as to conduct a discussion on the teachings of the
 In South India centres of higher learning were respective religious leaders.
known as Ghatikas. There was a famous Ghatika  Akbar built the Ibadat Khana as a debating
at Kanchi, drawing students from far and near. house. He encouraged Hindus, Roman Catholics,
These Ghatikas were run in temples. Zoroastrians, Jains, Buddhists, Sikhs and even
atheists to participate.
14. Exp. (b)
 Champaka (Chamba) 19. Exp. (d)

 Durgara (Jammu)  The original Sufi were mystics - people who

followed a pious form of Islam and who believed
 Trigarta (Jalandhar)
that a direct, personal experience of God could be
 Kuluta (Kulu) achieved through meditation and self-discipline.
15. Exp. (b)  Sufi mysticism endeavoured to produce a personal
experience of the divine through mystic and
 In the fourteenth and fifteenth century, gun
ascetic discipline.
powder was used for military purpose in India and
even artillery in its rudimentary form was known.  Sufi music is recitation of holy songs to arouse a
The Babur’s first real expedition took place in state of ecstasy in their audience. Therefore Sufi
India in 1519 when he captured Bhera. songs are the songs of the ‘soul’ by the ‘soul’ and
for the ‘soul’.
 The Delhi Sultanate’s greatest contribution to
Indian fine arts was the introduction of Islamic 20. Exp. (a)
architectural features, including true domes and
 To avenge their expulsion of Timur Shah, Ahmad
arches, and the integration of Indian and Islamic
Shah Abdali invaded India for the fifth time in Oct.
styles of architecture.
1759, and finally conquered Punjab.
 The Timurid dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty.
Members of the Timurid dynasty were strongly 21. Exp. (a)
influenced by the Persian culture and had  Option 1 is correctly matched: Vidisha is a city
established two well-known empires in history, in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Vidish? was the
namely the Timurid Empire (1370-1507) in Persia administrative headquarters of Bhelsa, or Bhilsa,
and Central Asia and the Mughal Empire (1526- during the Medieval period. It was renamed
1857) in the Indian subcontinent Vidisha in 1956.
16. Exp. (c)  Option 2 is incorrectly matched: Halebidu is a
town located in Hassan District, Karnataka, India.
 Vijayanagara or “city of victory” was the name
Halebidu (which used to be called Dwarasamudra)
of both a city and an empire. The empire was
was the regal capital of the Hoysala Empire in the
founded in the fourteenth century.
12th century.
 In its heyday it stretched from the river Krishna
 Option 3 is correctly matched : Girnar, also known
in the north to the extreme south of the peninsula,
as Girinagar. It is in Gujarat.
(Krishna-Tungabhadra doab).
 It was founded by Harihara 1 and Bukka, in 1336.  Option 4 in incorrectly matched: The ancient
Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple, dedicated to Lord
17. Exp. (b) Shiva is situated in Thanesar, a holy town in the
Kurukshetra district of Haryana, India.
 Broadly defined, Feudalism was a way of
structuring society around relationships derived 22. Exp: (c)
from the holding of land in exchange for service
or labour (lord-vassal relationship).  The entire Suba was divided into Sarkars (districts),
each being looked after by a military officer called
 Feudalism, in its various forms, usually emerged the chief Shiqdar. Each Sarkar was divided into
as a result of the decentralization of an empire. smaller units called Parganas. There was a Shiqdar
 Feudalism not shows characteristic of very strong (military officer), Amin or Munsif (Civilian Judge),
centralized political authority and a very weak one Fotahdar (treasurer) and two Karkuns (clerks
provincial or local political authority. or writers) in each Pargana

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HISTORY | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in

23. Exp: (d) the Dutch government to trade in the East Indies
 During Vijayanagar, Women worked in different including India.
occupations. According to Nuniz, “The king of  Gajapati Rule has declined in 1541. The last ruler
Vijayanagara has also women who wrestle, and was Kakharua Deva.
others who are astrologers and soothsayers; and
has women who write all the accounts of expenses  Statement 2 is correct: Alfanso de Albuquerque
that are incurred insides the gates of the palace captured Goa from the Bijapur sultanate king
and others whose duty is to write all the affairs of AdilShahis with the help of Vijaynagara Empire.
the kingdom and compare their books with those
 Statement 3 is correct: the English East India
of writers outside; he has women also for music,
who play instruments and sing. Even the wives of Company established a factory in Madras in
the kings are well-versed in music… He has judges 1639 on land leased from representatives of
as well as a watchman who every night guards the Vijayanagara Empire called the Nayakas.
palace, and these are women.”  Source: The Hindu newspaper- founders of
24. Exp: (a) Madras city, EAST INDIA COMPANY FACTORY
RECORDS from British Library, London.
 Battle of Delhi: In 1398 the Mongol-Turkish warrior
Timur, ruler of Central Asia from his capital at 28. Exp. (b)
Samarkand, found a pretext to strike south into
India. A devout Muslim, Timur alleged that his  Pair 1 is correctly matched: In the first quarter
coreligionist Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud of Delhi of the 9th century CE, the Chandella dynasty
was being too lenient toward his Hindu subjects. was founded by Nannuka, who was the ruler of
 In 1221, the great Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan a small kingdom and established his capital at
stood victorious at western bank of the Indus River Kharjjuravahaka (Khajuraho).
with 50,000 soldiers, having just defeated Jalal-ad-
 Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: Jayashakti also
Din, the Shah of Khwarazm. Jalal-ad-Din’s army
was completely destroyed in this battle, which belonged to Chandela Dynasty
took place near the town of Kalabagh in Punjab.  Pair 3 is correctly matched: Nagabhatta II (c. 800–
Northern India was ruled at the time by Shams ud- 833 CE) was a king of Gurjara−Pratiharas dynasty.
Din Iltutmish.
 Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Bhoja I / MihirBhoja
25. Exp. (b) (c.836−885 CE) was the grandson of Nagabhatta II.
 Fanam.—Anglicised form of Tamil panam (q. v.);
29. Exp. (a)
Sanskrit pana(q. v.); a gold coin equal to (1/20) of
a varaha.  YogaVasistha was translated into Persian multiple
 Note: fanam is defined in the “Indian epigraphical times throughout the Mughal Dynasty, as
glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commanded by Akbar, Jahangir, and DarahShikuh.
commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian Nizam al-Din Panipati completed one of these
languages. translations, known as the Jug-Basisht, in the late
26. Exp. (b) sixteenth century AD.

 Statement 1 is incorrect: Chengez Khan invaded 30. Exp. (a)

India during the reign of Iltumish for the first
time. He was the founder and first Great Khan of Ramanuja
the Mongol Empire.  He was born in Tamil Nadu in the eleventh century.
 Statement 2 is correct: During the reign of Ala-ud- He was deeply influenced by the Alvars. He firmly
din Khalji, one of the Mongol invasion reached till believed that intense devotion to Vishnu was the
the outskirts of Delhi city and besieged it. best means to attain salvation. He propounded
 Statement 3 is incorrect: Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq the doctrine of Vishishtadvaita.
defeated the Mongols and he had not lost any of
 Vishishtadvaita is formed by the two words:
the portions of his kingdom to them.
vishisht meaning qualified and advaita meaning
 Source: The Mongols and Delhi Sultanate- oneness of the individual soul and the Supreme
Cambridge
God. In other words it means qualified oneness
27. Exp. (b) wherein the soul, even when united with the
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Next to the Portuguese, Supreme God, remained distinct.
the Dutch set their feet in India.  The new strand of bhakti that developed in
 In 1602, the United East India Company of the north India subsequently was greatly inspired by
Netherlands was formed and given permission by Ramanujam’s doctrine.

34
www.iasscore.in HISTORY | WORKBOOK

MODERN HISTORY

1. Exp. (d) move people to enlist in the army for World War I.
However, he wrote to the Viceroy and said that he
 The Charter Act of 1833 was a significant
“personally will not kill or injure anybody, friend
constitutional instrument defining the scope and
or foe”.
authority of the East India Company.
 The first agitation that Mahatma Gandhi launched
 The liberal and utilitarian philosophy of Bentham
during his days in South Africa was against the
was made popular by the provisions of this Act.
system of indentured labour. In India, Gokhale,
2. Exp. (a) Tilak and others agitated against the practice of
sending Indians abroad to labour on sugarcane
 In 2015, the Government of India decided farms.
to designate the 7th August every year, as
the National Handloom Day.  Congress was declared illegal during Salt
Satyagraha and Gandhiji signed Gandhi-Irwin pact
 August 7 was designated to celebrate National and agreed to attend second RTC.
Handloom Day to memorialize the ‘Swadeshi’
Movement. 6. Exp. (d)
 An official declaration began in Calcutta Town Hall  Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru: He was an important
to boycott foreign goods in favour of Indian-made leader of All India liberal federation and served as
items on August 7, 1905. its President.

3. Exp. (d)  KC Neogy: He was a member of constituent

Assembly from West Bengal
The standard sizes of the National Flag shall be as
 PC Joshi: He was the first president of Communist
follows:
Party of India and remained so for 12 years till
 Flag Size No 1 – Dimensions in mm = 6300 x 4200 1947.
 Flag Size No 2 – Dimensions in mm = 3600 x 2400 7. Exp. (a)
 Flag Size No 3 – Dimensions in mm = 2700 x 1800
 This Act asserted the Crown’s sovereignty over
 Flag Size No 4 – Dimensions in mm = 1800 x 1200 British possessions in India.
 Flag Size No 5 – Dimensions in mm = 1350 x 900  Company’s rule and trade monopoly in India was
extended to another 20 years. Monopoly was
 Flag Size No 6 – Dimensions in mm = 900 x 600
ended except for the trade in tea and with China
 Flag Size No 7 – Dimensions in mm = 450 x 300
 The Act gave more powers for the courts in India
 Flag Size No 8 – Dimensions in mm = 225 x 150 over European British subjects.
 Flag Size No 9 – Dimensions in mm = 150 x 100  Another important feature of this act was to grant
The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to permission to the missionaries to come to India
three. and engage in religious proselytization
National Flag - Embassy of India | Finland and  The missionaries were successful in getting the
Estonia - (indembhelsinki.gov.in) appointment of a Bishop for British India with his
headquarters at Calcutta in the provisions of the
4. Exp. (d) Act.
 It allotted Rs 100,000 to promote education in
 Constitution Day also known as ‘Samvidhan Divas’,
Indian masses and allowed them to open anywhere
is celebrated in our country on 26th November anytime.
every year to commemorate the adoption of the
Constitution of India. 8. Exp. (c)
 On 26th November 1949, the Constituent Assembly  The National Council of Education (or NCE) was
of India adopted the Constitution of India, which an organization founded by Indian nationalists in
came into effect from 26th January 1950. Bengal in 1906 to promote science and technology
as part of a swadeshi industrialization movement
5. Exp. (b)
 The Swadeshi had a great impact on handloom
 Lord Chelmsford, the then Viceroy of India, invited industry. There was a revival in handloom, silk
Gandhi to Delhi at a War Conference. In order to weaving, and some other tradition artisan crafts.
gain the trust of the empire, Gandhi agreed to Cotton mills were set up at this time.

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HISTORY | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in

9. Exp. (d) 12. Exp. (b)

 All India Anti Utouchability League: It was formed  The residuary power were reserved to be allocated
by Mahatma Gandhi then later renamed as Harijan by the Governor General in his discretion to the
Sewak Sangh. Federation or to the Provinces..
 All India Kisan Sabha: It was formed by Sahajanand 13. Exp. (a)
Saraswati in Lucknow Session of 1936.
 Affiliated private and government schools should
 Self Respect Movement: EV Ramaswamy Naicker
be given grant-in-aid.
was an important leader of self respect movement
in 1925. It was an anti caste movement against  In accordance with the Wood’s dispatch, Education
Brahmanism. Departments were established in every province
and universities were opened at Calcutta, Bombay
10. Exp. (a) and Madras in 1857 A.D. and in Punjab in 1882
 Old World refers to Africa, Asia, and Europe while A.D. and at Allahabad in 1887 A.D..
New World refers to the Americas, including North  The medium of instruction at the primary level
America, Central America, and South America. was to be vernacular while at the higher levels it
On the other hand, the New World refers to the would be English
Americas and it is inclusive of North America,
South America, and Central America. The Old 14. Exp. (c)
World contrasts with the New World.
15. Exp. (b)
 Tobacco, one of the most important cash crops
 The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms which became
in American farming, is native to the North and
the Government of India Act in 1919 clearly defined
South American continents. It was first introduced
the jurisdiction of the central and provincial
in Eurape and later to India.
governments.
 Portuguese merchants first brought tobacco to
India 400 years ago. Although there were already 16. Exp. (d)
some strains of locally-grown tobacco in India  The HMS was founded in Howrah in West Bengal
these were outclassed by the new imported on 29 December 1948, by socialists, Forward
varieties from Brazil. Bloc followers and independent unionists. Its
 Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and founders included Basawon Singh, Ashok Mehta,
the cocoa tree, is a small (4–8 m (13–26 ft) tall) R.S. Ruikar, Maniben Kara, Shibnath Banerjee,
evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to R.A. Khedgikar, T.S. Ramanujam, V.S. Mathur,
the deep tropical regions of the Americas. Its seeds, G.G. Mehta. R.S. Ruikar was elected president and
cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, Ashok Mehta general secretary. HMS absorbed the
cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate. Royist Indian Federation of Labour and the Hind
 Ficus elastica, the rubber fig, rubber bush, rubber MazdoorPanchayat, which was formed in 1948
tree, rubber plant, or Indian rubber bush, Indian by socialists leaving the increasingly communist
dominated AITUC
rubber tree, is a species of plant in the fig genus,
native to eastern parts of South Asia and Southeast 17. Exp. (c)
Asia.
 It was India’s first civil disobedience movement,
11. Exp. (b) it was launched by Mahatma Gandhi to protest
against the injustice meted out to tenant farmers
 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605 – 1689) was a 17th-
in Champaran district of Bihar.
century French gem merchant and traveler.
 It is widely regarded as the place where Gandhi
 Tavernier is best known for his 1666 discovery/
made his first experiments in satyagraha and then
purchase of the 116-carat Tavernier Blue diamond
replicated them elsewhere.
that he subsequently sold to Louis XIV of France in
1668 for 120,000 livres, the equivalent of 172,000 18. Exp. (d)
ounces of pure gold, and a letter of ennoblement.
(Five years later, Louis had his court jeweler Jean  The East India Company was originally formed in
Pitau recut the stone into the 68 carat French Blue Britain for pursuing trade with the East Indies in
and had it set as a hatpin. The gem was reset by Southeast Asia.
his great-grandson Louis XV in The Medal of The  In fact, it ended up trading mainly with the Indian
Order of the Golden Fleece, stolen in 1792, and was subcontinent and China, where the main items of
recut and re-emerged in London 30 years later as trade were cotton, silk, tea, opium, and saltpetre
the Hope Diamond). (potassium nitrate)

36
www.iasscore.in HISTORY | WORKBOOK

 British Indian territory was developed as a source 22. Exp. (b)

of food stuff and raw material for Britain, which
Sanskrit college: Jonathan Duncan
fuelled rapid growth in its manufacturing sector,
crucial to the emergence of a powerful capitalist Calcutta Madarsa: Warren Hastings
economy. (Indian exports consisted of raw cotton, Fort William College: Richard Wellesley
jute, silk, oilseeds, wheat, indigo and tea.)
23. Exp. (c)
19. Exp. (d)
 In 1855-56 the Santhal Revolt took place. Santhals
 The Charter Act of 1813 adopted a provision to are a group of tribals concentrated in the state of
spend one lakh rupees per annum for the spread Jharkhand. This was the first peasant movement
of education in India. which took place in India. The revolt has reference
to the establishment of the permanent land
 The contemporary British scholars were divided
settlement of 1793.
into two groups on the issue of development
of education in India. One group, called the  The British knew it well that if they want to rule in
the area they have to agree to the main demands
Orientalists, advocated the promotion of oriental
of the Santhals and accord them the dignity due
subjects through Indian languages. The other
to them.
group, called the Anglicists, argued the cause of
western sciences and literature in the medium of  Santhal Pargana District was created in 1885 after
English language. partition of Bhagalpur and Birbhum. An important
reason behind the creation of Santhal Pargana was
 In 1829, after assuming the office of the Governor Santhal Mutiny in 1854 and It became illegal for a
General of India, Lord William Bentinck, santhal to transfer land to a nonsanthal
emphasized on the medium of English language in
Indian education. 24. Exp. (c)

 Five members including the Chairman of the  The British manufacturers looked upon the East
committee Lord Macaulay were in favour of India Company, its monopoly of eastern trade, and
adopting English as medium of public instruction its methods of exploitation of India through control
of India’s revenues and export trade, to be the chief
whereas the other five were in favour of oriental
obstacles in the fulfilment of their dreams.
languages.
 Between 1793 and 1813, they launched a powerful
20. Exp. (a) campaign against the Company and its commercial
privileges and finally succeeded in 1813 in
 “All India Home Rule League” is the name which
abolishing its monopoly of Indian trade.
was changed to “Swarajya Sabha” at the year
1920.  With this event, a new phase in Britain’s economic
relations with India began. Agricultural India
 The “Swarajya Sabha” was under a leadership of was to be made an economic colony of industrial
the “Freedom Fighters” like “Annie Besant” and England. The Government of India now followed a
“Bal Gangadhar Tilak”. policy of free trade or unrestricted entry of British
 At the year of 1920, “Mahatma Gandhi” was elected goods.
as the president at “All India Home Rule League”.  Commercialization of Indian agriculture started
At that time the body was merged into the “Indian post 1813 when the industrial revolution in
National Congress England gained pace.

21. Exp. (b) 25. Exp. (b)

 Arya Samaj is an Indian Hindu reform movement  In 1953 Air India was nationalized
that promotes values and practices based on the  The Government of India took control of the
belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas.The Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with Reserve Bank
samaj was founded by the sannyasi Dayananda of India (India’s central bank) taking a 60% stake,
Saraswati on 7 April 1875 renaming it the State Bank of India
 Nil Darpan is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu  The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1957
Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was published from was the first assembly election in the Indian
Dhaka in 1860 state of Kerala. The Communist Party of India
won the election with 60 seats. The election led
 Anandamath is a Bengali fiction, written by Bankim to the formation of first democratically elected
Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. communist government in India
 Satyendranath Tagore (first to clear ICS) was  On December 19, 1961, Goa officially became part
selected for the Indian Civil Servicein June, 1863. of India

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HISTORY | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in

26. Exp. (c) Madras Native Association was sharply critical of

the policies of the East India Company’s rule.
 Lala Lajpat Rai was the most prolific writer among
his contemporary nationalist leaders of India. His  In 1884, the Madras Mahajana Sabha was
literary activity started when he was still in his established by P. Anandacharlu and P. Rangaiya
teens and he continued to write almost to the last Naidu. The Madras Native Association was
day of his life. ultimately merged with this organization.
 To rouse the Punjabis from slumber and inspire  The Indian association was founded in Bengal in
them with patriotic zeal, he wrote the biographies 1876 by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan
of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji, Dayanand and Shri Bose; it soon displaced the Indian League, which
Krishna, besides other important works in English, had been founded the year before, and rivalled the
Hindi and Urdu. long-standing British Indian Association, which it
 He visited USA and Japan where he kept in touch regarded as a reactionary body of landlords and
with the Indian revolutionaries. In England, he also industrialists.
became a member of the British Labour party. In 31. Exp. (c)
recognition of his outstanding role in the freedom
movement, he was elected President of the Indian  The Ryotwari system was devised by Capt.
National Congress at the Calcutta session (1920). Alexander Read and Thomas Munro at the end
of the 18th century. It was later introduced by
27. Exp. (d) Thomas Munro when he was governor (1820–27)
of Madras.
 Dyarchy, also spelled diarchy, system of double
government introduced by the Government of  He is associated with the Cornwallis Code 1793 and
India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. could not have been the answer since his tenure
It marked the first introduction of the democratic preceded the ryotwari settlement regime.
principle into the executive branch of the British  The principle behind Ryotwari was the direct
administration of India. collection of the land revenue from each individual
 Under this Act, the provincial subjects were divided cultivator by government agents.
into two categories named as the transferred and 32. Exp. (d)
reserved. The main purpose of the introduction of
diarchy in India was a separation of the executive  The Trade Disputes Act, 1929 used to settle
department of each provincial council into industrial disputes.
authoritarian and commonly responsible sections  The main object of the 1929 Act was to make
provisions for establishment of Courts of Inquiry
28. Exp. (d) and Boards of Conciliation with a view to
 The Indian states committee appointed a investigate and settle trade disputes.
committee under the Chairmanship of Sir  The Act prohibited strikes or lock-outs without
Harcourt Butler which was popularly known as notice in public utility services; it also made any
‘the Butler Committee’ to investigate and clarify strike or lock-out illegal which had any object other
the relationship between the paramount power than the furtherance of a trade dispute within the
and the Princes of Princely States in AD 1927. trade or industry.
The committee visited16 States and submitted its
report in 1929. 33. Exp. (b)
 Surat split occurred because extremists were
29. Exp. (c) dissatisfied with Moderates’ capacity to negotiate
 Second Round Conference happened in 1931. with the British
 Quit India Movement in 1942.  The Congress split in 1907. The Moderates were
opposed to the use of boycott. They felt that it
 Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy in 1946.
involved the use of force. Extremists and moderates
30. Exp. (b) both seemed to be locking horns. The Extremists
thought that the people had been encouraged and
 British Indian Association was the first political the battle for freedom had begun. They felt the time
organization that brought the Indian Together. The had come for the big push to drive the British out
President of the first committee of this organization and considered the Moderates to be a stumbling
was Raja Radhakanta Deb, while Debendranath block to the movement.
Tagore was its secretary.
34. Exp. (d)
 The Madras Native Association was started in
July 1852. Lakshminarasu Chetty and Srinivasa  The main proposals of the plan of Sir Stafford
Pillai were the founders of this organization. The Cripps was that an Indian Union with a dominion

38
www.iasscore.in HISTORY | WORKBOOK

status would be set up; it would be free to decide  The purpose of the committee was to evaluate
its relations with the Commonwealth and free political terrorism in India, especially Bengal and
to participate in the United Nations and other Punjab.
international bodies. Cripps proposed to give  In organizing his satyagraha Gandhi tried to
dominion status to India after WW2 utilize three types of political networks - The
35. Exp. (b) Home Rule Leagues, Certain pan Islamist groups
and a satyagraha sabha which he himself started
 Keshab Chandra Sen was an Indian Bengali social in Bombay on 24 February.
reformer. He became a member of the Brahmo
Samaj in 1856.  In 1919 Gandhiji gave a call for a Satyagraha
against the Rowlatt Act, passed by the British
 In 1881, Keshab Chandra Sen established New and the Indian Statutory Commission, commonly
Dispensation (NabaBidhan), which means referred to as the Simon Commission, was a group
universal religion. He was also part of Indian of seven British Members of Parliament under the
reform association to legalize Brahmo marriage
chairmanship of Sir John Simon.
and to fix minimum age of marriage.
 The commission arrived in British India in 1928 to
 Calcutta Unitarian Committee was formed by Raja
study constitutional reform in Britain’s largest and
Rammohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore and William
most important possession.
Adam, hence irrelevant to the question.
40. Exp. (d)
36. Exp. (d)
 Dadabhai Naoroji, R. C. Dutt, Ranade, Gokhale, G.
 The Government of India Act, 1919 was passed to
expand participation of Indians in the government Subramania Iyer, were among those who grounded
of India. The Act embodied the reforms Indian nationalism firmly on the foundation of
recommended by Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, anti-imperialism by fashioning the world’s first
Lord Chelmsford (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms). economic critique of colonialism, before Hobson
The Act covered ten years from 1919 to 1929 and Lenin
 It relaxed the central control over the provinces 41. Exp. (b)
by demarcating and separating the central and
provincial subjects. The central and provincial  Lord Wellesley initiated the policy of Subsidiary
legislatures were authorised to make laws on their Alliance under which the British had to maintain
respective list of subjects. However, the structure a contingent of British troops in territory of Indian
of government continued to be centralised and ruler.
unitary.
42. Exp. (d)
37. Exp. (c)  The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) advocated
 Satyashodhak Samaj was a social reform society decentralized socialism in which co-operatives,
founded by Jyoti Rao Phule in Pune, Maharashtra, trade unions, independent farmers, and local
on 24 September 1873. authorities would hold a substantial share of the
economic power.
 Espoused a mission of education and increased
social rights and political access for underprivileged  As secularists, they hoped to transcend communal
groups, focused especially on women, Shudras, divisions through class solidarity.
and Dalits, in Maharashtra  Some, such as Narendra Deva or Basawon
38. Exp. (a) Singh (Sinha), advocated a democratic socialism
distinct from both Marxism and reformist social
 The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement was an democracy.
effort by Indian people to oppose British rule. It
began when British officials separated the Bengal 43. Exp. (b)
province, dividing it by Bengali, Hindi and Oriya
 A March on the Tanjore coast was also known as
languages and Muslim and Hindu religions.
the Vedaranyam March.
Indians responded by boycotting British products
and using only Indian-made goods.  C. Rajagopalachari organized a March on the
 Swadeshi and Boycott started against Partition of Tanjore coast to break the salt Law in April 1930.
Bengal in 1905.  It began at Tiruchirappalli on thirteen Gregorian
calendar month 1930 and proceeded for regarding
39. Exp. (b) one hundred fifty miles towards the east before
 The Rowlatt committee was a Sedition Committee culminating at Vedaranyam, alittle coastal city
appointed in 1918 by the British Indian Government within the then Tanjore District. By assembling
with Mr Justice Rowlatt, an English judge, as its salt directly from the ocean the marchers stone-
president. broke the salt law

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44. Exp. (a) 48. Exp. (b)

 According to the proposals of the Cabinet Mission  Durbar was held to commemorate the coronation
announced, the country could have a Federal of King George V and Queen Mary as Emperor and
government consisting of the Indian provinces Empress of India. The Congress passed a resolution
and princely states. condemning the pomp and show of this Durbar at
the cost of the poor IndiCorrecti Option :
 Members of the mission: Lord Pethick-Lawrence;
Sir Stafford Cripps,and A V Alexander.  In this Durbar, the King declared that Capital of
India will be transferred from Calcutta to Delhi.
Objectives:-
 In the same Durbar it was also declared the
 To obtain an agreement with the Indian leaders as Partition of Bengal is cancelled.
to the framing of a constitution for India.
49. Exp. (b)
 To formulate a constitution-making body (the
Constituent Assembly of India).  The 1929 Lahore session under the presidency
of Jawaharlal Nehru holds special significance
 To establish an Executive Council with the support as in this session “Purna Swaraj” (complete
of the major Indian parties. independence) was declared as the goal of the INC.
26 January, 1930 was declared as “Purna Swaraj
45. Exp. (a)
Diwas”.
 Surat split is an important event in the modern  All future elections were to be boycotted.
history of India. It took place in 1907 when the
 Round Table Conference decided to be held in
moderates parted company with the Extremists.
London would be boycotted.
 The split in the congress was due to many reasons.
 Civil Disobedience was to be launched. The
The Moderates had controlled the congress from
Congress Working Committee allowed Gandhi
its very beginning and had their own ways of to determine the time, place and issue on which
thinking and doing which were not acceptable to movement was to be launched. Gandhi decided to
the younger generations who were impatient with launch the movement by violating the salt laws at
the speed at which the moderates were moving the coast of Dandi, Gujarat.
and leading the nation.
50. Exp. (a)
 This was the time of Swadeshi Movement. This was
a comprehensive movement that lasted 5 years.  The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by
Punjabi Indians, in the United States and Canada
46. Exp. (b) with the aim to gaining India’s independence from
British rule.
 Annie Besant was first woman President of the
Indian National Congress in 1917 at Calcutta  The party was built around the weekly paper
session. The Ghadar, which carried the caption on the
masthead(a)ngrezi Raj Ka Dushman (an enemy of
 The first Muslim President of the Indian the British rule).
National Congress was BadruddinTyabji in  Key members of the party included Lala Har Dayal,
1887 at Madras Sohan Singh Bhakna,Kartar Singh Sarabha, and
Rash behari Bose.
47. Exp. (c)
51. Exp. (a)
 The Radcliffe Line was published as a boundary
demarcation line between India and Pakistan  The object/objects of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation
upon the Partition of India (1858) were to disclaim any intention to annex
Indian States as the announcement reversed Lord
 Boundary Commission, consultative committee
Dalhousie’s pre-war policy of political unification
created in July 1947 to recommend how the Punjab
through princely state annexation. It was also to
and Bengal regions of the Indian subcontinent place the Indian administration under the British
were to be divided between India and Pakistan Crown
shortly before each was to become independent
 Charter acts of 1813,1833,1853 framed to regulate
from Britain.
East India Company’s trade with India
 The commission appointed by Lord Mountbatten,
the final viceroy of British India consisted of four 52. Exp. (c)
members from the Indian National Congress and  The Simon Commission was a group of seven
four from the Muslim League and was chaired by British Members of Parliament of United Kingdom
Sir Cyril Radcliffe named as Radcliffe Committee that came to India in 1928 to study constitutional

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reform. The people of India were outraged, as the  Annie Besant was not the founder of the
Simon Commission, which was to determine the Theosophical Society; rather she was the second
future of India, did not include a single Indian President of the society. The founder was Henry
member in it. Steel Olcott.
53. Exp. (b) 57. Exp. (c)
 The British government sent a delegation to  The Bill sought to abolish at once and completely
India under Stafford Cripps (Cripps mission). The every judicial disqualification based merely on
purpose of the mission was to negotiate with the race distinctions. Till that time (1881) the provision
Indian National Congress a deal to obtain total co- was that Indian judges could not try Europeans in
operation during the World War II, in return for criminal cases.
progressive devolution and distribution of power
 Ilbert Bill sought to give the Indian judges the same
from the crown and the Viceroy to an elected
powers and rights as their European colleagues
Indian legislature.
enjoyed. The Bill raised a storm of agitation among
 It was in 1942 when the world was going through the members of the European community and
the havoc caused by World War II. India too was Ripon had to modify it.
facing the heat and after the Cripps Mission had
failed, and on 8 August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi 58. Exp. (d)
made a Do or Die call through the Quit India  The Congress ministries resigned in October
movement. and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy
Lord Linlithgow’s action of declaring India to be
54. Exp. (c)
a belligerent in the Second World War without
 The members of the Constituent assembly were consulting the Indian people
indirectly elected by the members of the provincial
assemblies by method of single transferable vote 59. Exp. (b)
system of proportional representations.  Provincial Diarchy (Dual Rule) – The Act
 The members of the Constituent Assembly were provided a dual form of government (a
elected by the Provincial assemblies by means of ‘diarchy’) for the major provinces. It relaxed
a single transferable vote system of proportional control over provinces by demarcating subjects
representation. The total membership of the as ‘central subjects’ and ‘provincial subjects’.
Constituent Assembly was 389, of which 292
 Separate Electoral provision of Morley Minto
were representatives of the states, 93 were
was retained and extended to the Sikh’s Indian
representatives of princely states, and 4 were from
Christians etc.
the chief commissioner provinces of Delhi, Ajmer-
Mewar, Coorg and British Baluchistan.  Devolution of legislative authority by the centre
to the provinces in each such province, control
55. Exp. (a)
of some areas of government, (transferred
 The Tebhaga movement is probably the greatest list), were given to a Government of ministers
peasant movement in the history of India. It was answerable to the Provincial Council.
initiated in Bengal by the Kisan Sabha (peasants The transferred list included Agriculture,
front of Communist Party of India) in 1946-1947. supervision of local government, Health and
Education.
 The Tebhaga movement was a movement of the
share croppers of Bengal demanding two-thirds 60. Exp. (b)
instead of half as their produce. Basically from this
principle demand the name ‘Tebhaga’ movement  Indian (National) Social Conference was
comes. founded by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao. It
was virtually the social reform cell of the Indian
 At that time share-cropping peasants (essentially,
National congress. Its first session was held in
tenants) had to give half of their harvest to the
Madras in December 1887.
owners of the land. The demand of the Tebhaga
(sharing by thirds) movement was to reduce the  The Conference met annually as a subsidiary
share given to landlords to one third. convention of the Indian National Congress, at
the same venue, and focused attention on social
56. Exp. (c) reform
 Annie Besant had formed and led the Home Rule  The Conference advocated inter-caste marriages
Movement as she was influenced by the Irish and opposed kulinism and polygamy. It launched
Home Rule League. She also became the President the famous “Pledge Movement” to inspire people
of Indian National Congress in 1917. to take an oath to prohibit child marriage.

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61. Exp. (d)  In this session ,Jinnah in his presidential address

gave the famous Two Nation Theory as fellows:
 The Peasants and Workers Party of India
“India cannot be assumed today to be Unitarian
was founded in 1947. The party was founded in
and homogeneous nation, but on the contrary
Maharashtra by Tulsidas Jadhav, Keshavrao
,there are two nations in the main- the Hindus and
Jedhe and others. Muslims”.
 All India Scheduled Castes Federation (AISCF)
was founded by Dr. Ambedkar in 1942 to fight for 65. Exp. (b)
the rights of the Dalit community.  In 1881, Keshab Chandra Sen established Naba
 Scheduled Castes Federation was the successor Bidhan (New Dispensation) meaning new
organization of the Independent Labour Party led universalist religion after having differences
by Ambedkar. within Brahmo Samaj. He was also part of Indian
reform association to legalize Brahmo marriage
62. Exp. (c)
and to fix minimum age of marriage.
 In September 1932, Mahatma Gandhi began a fast  Calcutta Unitarian Committee was formed by
unto death to protest British support of a new
Raja Ram mohan Roy, Dwarka Nath Tagore and
Indian Constitution that would separate the Indian
William Adam, hence irrelevant to the question.
electorate by caste. After just six days, the British
accepted an alternate proposal and he was able to  Sen formed Indian Reform Association (1870)
break the fast. to persuaded the British government to enact
 The Communal Award was made by the British the Native Marriage Act of 1872 ( Civil marriage
prime minister Ramsay MacDonald on 16 August act) legalizing Brahmo marriages and fixing
1932 granting separate electorates in India for minimum marriageable age for boys and girls
the Forward Caste, Scheduled Caste, Muslims,
66. Exp. (c)
Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians,
Europeans and Depressed Classes (now known as  The provisions of the Government of India Act
the Scheduled Caste) etc. 1935, though never implemented fully, had a
great impact on the Constitution of India. Many
63. Exp. (b)
key features of the constitution are directly taken
 The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919, indefinitely from this Act. The act had provision of division of
extended emergency measures of the Defence of powers into three lists - Federal, Provincial and
India Regulations Act. It was enacted during the Concurrent.
First World War in order to control public unrest
 This Act divided powers between the centre and
and root out conspiracy in India.
the provinces. There were three lists which gave
 This act was passed on the recommendations of the subjects under each government.
Sedition Committee chaired by Sir Sidney Rowlatt.
 This act authorized the government to imprison 67. Exp. (a)
any person for up to two years without a trial, and  William Wedderburn entered British Parliament
gave the imperial authorities power to deal with in 1893 as a Liberal member and sought to voice
all revolutionary activities. India’s grievances in the House. He formed the
64. Exp. (a) Indian Parliamentary Committee with which he
was associated as Chairman from 1893 to 1900.
 The 1929 Lahore session under the presidency
 In 1895, Wedderburn represented India on the
of Jawaharlal Nehru holds special significance
as in this session “Purna Swaraj” (complete Welby Commission (i.e. Royal Commission) on
independence) was declared as the goal of the INC. Indian Expenditure. He also began participating
26 January, 1930 was declared as “Purna Swaraj in the activities of the Indian Famine Union set up
Diwas”. in June 1901, for investigation into famines and
proposing preventive measures.
 The unity between the two factions of the congress
(i.e. Moderates & Extremists), and between 68. Exp. (b)
Congress & Muslim League during the Lucknow
Session 1916 of Congress, aroused great political  From Ruskin’s writing Gandhi derived the message
enthusiasm in the country that “the job of a lawyer is equal to a job of a barber,
and both have right to earn their livelihood”.
 In Lahore Session, 1940 Fazlul Haq, the premier
of Bengal, who along with Muslim League had  Gandhi clearly mentioned in one of his writing
formed the government of Bengal Province, that the good of individual is contained in the
moved a resolution ,which was passed by Muslim good of all, this is something which inspired him
League. to translate the book into “Sarvodaya”.

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 Gandhi derived from this book was of a “life  In line with the Congress ideology, it was supposed
of labour” and not life of celibacy. Celibacy or to be a peaceful non-violent movement aimed at
Brahamcharya was something which actually urging the British to grant India independence.
came out of his own guilt beginning as early as the But, it turned into a Violent movement
days of death of his father”.
73. Exp. (d)
69. Exp. (a)
 The complete disruption of the old agrarian order
 Usha Mehta (March 25, 1920 – August 11, 2000)
of the tribal com-munities.
was a renowned Gandhian and freedom fighter of
India. She is also remembered for operationalizing  The tribal mainstay were shifting agriculture,
the Congress Radio, also called the Secret Congress hunting, fishing and the use of forest produce.
Radio, an underground radio station, which  With the influx of non-tribal into the traditional
functioned for few months during the Quit India regions of the tribal, the practice of settled
Movement of 1942
agriculture was introduced. This led to loss of land
 In 1998, the Government of India conferred on her for the tribal population.
Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian
award of Republic of India  The tribal were reduced to being landless
agricultural labourers.
70. Exp. (d)
 Tribal society was traditionally egalitarian
 Dominion status for India (like Canada, Australia, compared to mainstream society which was
etc.) within the British Commonwealth. (This marked by caste and class distinctions. With
point was a bone of contention with the younger the coming of the non-tribal or outsiders (called
set of leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru and dikus), the tribal came to be classified under the
Subhas Chandra Bose who favoured complete lowest rungs of society.
independence.)
 No separate electorates for any community. It 74. Exp. (d)
did provide for reservation of minority seats. It  These charges would be probably found to be the
provided for reservation for seats for Muslims at dividends on East India Stock, interest in Home
the centre and in provinces where they were in a debt, the salaries of the officers, establishments
minority and not in Bengal and Punjab. Similarly,
of the and building connected with the Home
it provided for reservation for non-Muslims in the
Department of Indian Government, furlough and
NWFP
retired pay to members of the Indian Military
 Nineteen fundamental rights including the right to and Civil Services when at Home, Charges of all
vote for men and women above 21 years of age,
descriptions paid in this country connected with
unless disqualified.
the British troops serving in India and portion of
71. Exp. (b) the cost of transporting the British troops to and
from India”
 The Permanent Settlement was an agreement
between the East India Company and Bengali 75. Exp. (a)
landlords to fix revenues to be raised from
land. It was concluded in 1793, by the Company  1918 was a year of failed crops in the Kheda district
administration headed by Charles Earl Cornwallis. of Gujarat due to droughts.
 This was basically an agreement between the  As per law, the farmers were entitled to remission
company and the Zamindars to fix the land if the produce was less than a quarter of the
revenue. normal output.
 Cornwallis thought of this system inspired by the  But the government refused any remission from
prevailing system of land revenue in England paying land revenue.
where the landlords were the permanent masters
 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, under Gandhi’s guidance,
of their holdings and they collected revenue from
the peasants and looked after their interests. led the farmers in protest against the collection of
taxes in the wake of the famine.
 He envisaged the creation of a hereditary class of
landlords in India. This system was also called the  Finally, the authorities gave in and gave some
Zamindari System. concessions to the farmers

72. Exp. (a) 76. Exp. (d)

 The Quit India Movement was a civil disobedience  In the dialectical materialism of Marx, development
movement launched in India in August 1942 in within environment help or hinder but neither
response to Gandhi’s call for satyagraha originating the evolutionary process nor capable

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of preventing it from reaching its unavoidable Modern day election procedure as Proportional
goal. Matter is active and not passive, and moves Representation.
by an inner necessity of its nature.
81. Exp. (a)
 We may put it ln another way, Dialectical
Materialism of Marx is more interested in motion  There was a great deal of public debate and
than matter, in the vital energy within matter disagreement among Moderates and Extremists
inevitably driving it towards perfect human in the years 1905-1907, even when they were
society. Engels signified that the dialectical method working together against the partition of Bengal,
grasps things and their images, ideas essentially in the Extremists wanted to extend the Swadeshi and
their sequence, their movement, their birth and the Boycott Movement from Bengal to the rest of
death. the country.
 According to Marx, every state of history which  Matters nearly came to head at the Calcutta
falls short of perfection carries within itself the Congress session in 1906 over the question of its
seeds of its own annihilation. Each stage reached Presidentship. A split was avoided by choosing
in the march to the classless society. Dababhai Naoroji, who was respected by all the
nationalists as a great patriot.
77. Exp. (a)
 Four compromise resolutions on the Swadeshi,
 Portuguese were first European to set up a factory Boycott, National Education and Self-
in the region during 16th century. They were Government demands were passed. Throughout
followed by Danes and Dutch. 1907, the two sides fought over differing
 In 1674 French East India Company set up trading interpretations of the four resolutions.
centre at Pondicherry 82. Exp. (d)
 British captured Pondicherry on 16th January
 In the last years of the war, Rajagopalachari was
1761 from French but by the Treaty of Paris(1763)
instrumental in negotiations between Gandhi
Pondicherry was returned to French and remained
and Jinnah. In 1944, he proposed a solution to
under them until 1954.
the Indian Constitutional tangle. He prepared a
78. Exp. (c) formula for Congress-League cooperation.

 Lord Cornwallis (1786-93) was the first to bring  It was a tacit acceptance of the League’s demand
into existence and organize the civil services for Pakistan. Gandhi supported the formula. But
Jinnah was in favour of two-nation theory only.
 Under his guidance, the Cornwallis Code was
developed which contained provisions for  The objectives of Rajagopalachari Formula were
governing the civil, policing and judiciary to bridge differences between the Muslim League
administration in British India. and Indian National Congress arisen due to the
difference of opinion on two nation theory and
79. Exp. (c) independence of India from British.
 Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the extent of 83. Exp. (a)
power concentrated in the District Collector and
felt that such absolute power was undesirable in  The Swadeshi movement started with the partition
one person. of Bengal by the Viceroy of India Lord Curzon in
1905 and continued up to 1911. It was the most
80. Exp. (a) successful of the pre-Gandhian movement.
 Provincial Dyarchy should be abolished and  Its chief architects were Aurobindo
responsibilities of ministers to the provincial Ghosh, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin
legislatures should be enlarged. Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, V.O.Chiddambaram
Pillai, Babu Genu.
 The special power for the safeguarding of province
and the protection of minorities comes under the 84. Exp. (b)
Governor powers.
 The story of Champaran begins in the early
 The representation of provinces and other areas nineteenth century when European planters had
constituted on the basis of population at the involved the cultivators in agreements that forced
Federal Assembly ( at the Centre). them to cultivate indigo on 3/20th of their holdings
 Recommended Dominion Status for Burma and (known as the tinkathia system).
should be provided its own Constitution.  Resistance had surfaced in 1908 as well, but the
 Recommended the representation of Council exactions of the planters continued till Raj Kumar
of State could not be chosen on the basis of Shukla, a local man, decided to follow Gandhiji
Direct Election but by Indirect Election through all over the country to persuade him to come to
Provincial Council which is more or less just like Champaran to investigate the problem.

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 Gandhiji and his collegues, who now included  But in Indus valley civilization there is very little
Brij Kishore, Rajendra Prasad and other members archaeological evidence of horses during the
of the Bihar intelligentsia, Mahadev Desai and Harappan era and none at all earlier
Narhari Parikh, two young men from Gujarat
who had thrown in their lot with Gandhiji and 89. Exp. (b)
J.B. Kripalani, toured the villages and from dawn  The Malavikagnimitra is a Sanskrit play by Kalidas.
to dusk recorded the statements of peasants, The play tells the love story of Agnimitra, the
interrogating them to make sure that they were Shunga Emperor. He falls in love with the picture
giving correct information. of an exiled servant girl named Malavika.
85. Exp. (a) 90. Exp. (b)
 The “Bombay Manifesto” signed in 1936 by twenty-
 The rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central
one Bombay businessmen, contained an open
India, dated to 250–232 BCE and the script was
indictment of Nehru’s preaching of socialist ideals,
deciphered in 1837 by James Prinsep
which were deemed prejudicial to private property
and to the peace and prosperity of the country.  The inscriptions found in the central and eastern
part of India were written in Magadhi Prakrit
 Although it did not evoke support from any other
using the Brahmi script, while Prakrit using the
section of the business community, it strengthened
Kharoshthi script, Greek and Aramaic were used
the hands of the moderates within the Congress like
Bhulabhai Desai and G.B. Pant who put pressure in the northwest. These edicts were deciphered by
on Nehru to tone down his socialist utterances. British archaeologist and historian James Prinsep

86. Exp. (b) 91. Exp. (d)

 Nehru drafted the resolution on Fundamental  Vanti was not directly related to life of Buddha.
Rights. The Karachi Session was presided over by  We have read that Pasenadi (Prasenajit), king of
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel. Kosala, was the Buddha’s contemporary and is
 In the Karachi Session 1931, Indian National frequently mentioned in Pali texts. Kosala and
Congress adopted two resolutions one on Magadha were linked through matrimonial ties.
fundamental rights and other on the national Buddha wandered through the towns and villages
economic programme which made the Karachi in the kingdoms of Kosala and Magadha teaching
resolution memorable. his philosophy.

87. Exp. (b)  Gandhara is not directly associated with the life
of Buddha. It was expansion of Maurya empire
 Acharya J. B. Kripalani and C. Rajagopalachari that Gandhara received much Buddhist influence,
were official Congress negotiators with Cripps notably during the reign of Asoka.
Mission.
92. Exp. (b)
 Cripps was sent to negotiate an agreement
with the nationalist Congress leaders, who  Brahmo Samajists denounce polytheism and
spoke for the majority Indians and Jinnah and idol-worship.
the Muslim League, who spoke for the minority
Muslim population comprising 35% of the total  Brahmo Samaj denied the need for a priestly
population. class for interpreting the religious texts.

88. Exp. (c)  The doctrine of infallibility of vedas, was not

popularized by Brahmo Samaj
 The Ramayana mentions chariots covered with
leather. The Rig Vedic charioteers used varma  Brahmo samaj originated as a reformist
(coats of mail) and sipra/sironastra (helmets). movement on the ancient foundations of
Vedic religion, yet the infallibility of vedas was
 The metals which the Indo-Aryans used in the
time of the Rigveda are gold and copper or bronze; questioned by many of its members.
but a little late, at the time of the Yajurveda and 93. Exp. (a)
Atharvaveda, these metals are supplemented by
silver and iron. Among the Indus people, silver is  There is a great similarity between Mahatma
commoner than gold, and utensils and vessels are Gandhi and Karl Marx. However, while the final
sometimes made of stone – a relic of the Neolithic aim of both them is the establishments of a stateless
Age – as well as of copper and bronze. Of iron, and classless society, their means for achieving
there is no vestige. this aim are different. Mahatma Gandhi wanted
 The Rig Veda mentions horse-drawn chariots with to achieve this end through non-violent means but
spoked wheels. Marx wanted to achieve it through violent means.

45
HISTORY | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in

94. Exp. (b)  Statement 3 is incorrect: A public inquiry into

police excesses during its suppression of the
 Aurang is Persian term for a warehouse i.e. a
movement was not agreed by Irwin.
workshop where goods are collected before being
sold 98. Exp. (a)
95. Exp. (a)  In 1888, Gopal Baba Walangkar began publishing the
monthly journal titled Vital-Vidhvansak (Destroyer
 By the 1830s, cheap machine-made goods from
of Brahmanical or Ceremonial Pollution), which
Britain flooded the Indian markets. As these were
was the first to have the untouchable people as its
cheaper than the Indian textiles, the Indian textile
target audience.
industries suffered. It led to the decline in Indian
textiles and many weavers from Bengal were  He also wrote articles for Marathi-language
thrown out of their employment. newspapers such as Sudharak and Deenbandhu

 Railways were introduced in India in 1853. This 99. Exp. (b)

was not the first half of the nineteenth century.
 Rukhmabai Raut went on to become India’s first
 Heavy duties were imposed on imported Indian qualified physician and was a major cause behind
textiles in Britain and not vice versa the enactment of Age of Consent Act in 1891.
96. Exp. (d)  Raut was married off at the age of 11 to Dadaji
Bhikaji who was aged 19. She, however, continued
 Desher katha was written in 1907 . According to
to stay at the house of her widowed mother, who
Aurobindo Ghosh the word “Swaraj” was for the
later got married to Assistant Surgeon Sakharam
time used by Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar in this
Arjun Raut.
book. The book had a huge impact on the youths
of the country as a result book was banned by the  She was supported by her step-father, when she
British. refused to stay with Bhikaji and his family at his
house. This led to the Dadaji Bhikaji vs Rukhmabai
 In this book Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar had case, 1885. While Bhikaji asked for “restitution of
expressed the situation of a colonial country that conjugal rights”.
is dependent on its colonial masters.
 Justice Robert Hill Pinhey made note that in this
 He played a large role in Swadeshi Movement. case, Raut was a young woman and was married off
97. Exp. (b) in “helpless infancy” and hence cannot be forced.
The case came up for retrial after many criticised
 Statement 1 is correct: The Congress agreed to the judgement as diminishing Hindu customs.
join the second Round Table Conference to chalk
 With debates around Hindu vs English law, internal
out constitutional reforms. Some of the other
reforms vs external reforms, respecting ancient
conditions were that the British would withdraw
customs and traditions, the final judgement asked
all orders imposing curbs on the activities of the
Raut on March 4, 1887 to live with her husband or
Indian National Congress
face imprisonment for six moths instead.
 Gandhiji was authorised by the then President
 Bravely, she wrote that she would rather be
of the Congress, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, to
imprisoned for six months than choosing to live
negotiate with Lord Irwin.
with her husband.
 They had eight meetings which lasted for a
 The matter was finally settled when Queen
total of 24 hours. Gandhiji was impressed with
Victoria dissolved her marriage by overruling the
Irwin’s sincerity and on behalf of the Indian
court order. Raut later went to England to pursue
National Congress agreed to discontinue the Civil
further studies. She studied at the London School
Disobedience movement. of Medicine a 5 years degree course in medicine
 Statement 2 is correct: The government agreed to
withdraw all ordinances. 100. Exp. (b)

 Statement 4 is correct: They also agreed to  Colonial rulers exploited the knowledge of Indigo
withdraw trials relating to several offences except plantation in India and use it to benefit themselves
those involving violence and release of prisoners especially in Bengal.
arrested for participating in the civil disobedience  Indigo culture became modernised under the
movement. It was also agreed that the British British. The agricultural indigo as a product of
would remove the tax on salt, which allowed economy sprouted, grew and later completely
Indians to produce, trade, and sell salt legally and disappeared with the advent of synthetic dyes in a
for their own use. matter of just a century and half.

46
www.iasscore.in HISTORY | WORKBOOK

 The successful commercialisation of the synthetic 105. Exp: (c)

type in the late nineteenth and early twentieth
 Songs From Prison: Translations Of Indian Lyrics
centuries was able to interrupt and redirect the
Made In Jail was written by Mahatma Gandhi
course of colonial history of indigo production
106. Exp: (c)
101. Exp. (d)
 The college owes its origin to John Elliot Drinkwater
 The College of Fort William emerged as both a
Bethune (1801-1851). What began as Hindu Female
centre of research and a publication unit, a cradle
School in 1849 was renamed as Bethune School
of creativity as well as scholarship.
in 1856. The Managing Committee of the school
 Planned originally to train probationer British was then formed and Pandit Ishwarchandra
civilians in the languages and cultures of the Vidyasagar, ... a relentless supporter of women’s
subjugated country, the college rendered services emancipation was made the Secretary
tantamount to those of a university in promoting
modern Indian literatures, Bengali in particular. 107. Exp: (d)

102. Exp. (d)  Red Fort trials: Between November 1945 and May
1946, approximately ten courts-martial were
 Birsa Munda was born in 1875 in the Munda tribe. held in public at the Red Fort in Delhi. Claude
He is often referred to as ‘Dharti Abba’ or the Earth Auchinleck, the Commander-in-Chief of the
Father. He led the rebellion that came to be known British-Indian army, hoped that by holding public
as Ulgulan (revolt) or the Munda rebellion against trials in the Red Fort, public opinion would turn
the British government-imposed feudal state against the INA. hose to stand trials were accused
system. variously of murder, torture and “waging war
103. Exp: (b) against the King-Emperor”. However, the first and
most celebrated joint courts-martial – those of
 In 1918, when Britain granted limited suffrage to Prem Sahgal, Gurubaksh Singh Dhillon and Shah
women property holders, the law did not apply to Nawaz Khan – were not the story of torture and
British citizens in other parts of the Empire. Despite murder Auchinleck had hoped to tell the Indian
petitions presented by women, women’s demands press and people.
were ignored in the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms.
Though they were not granted voting rights, nor 108. Exp: (a)
the right to stand in elections, the Government
 The Carnatic was a dependency of Hyderabad
of India Act 1919 allowed Provincial Councils to
Deccan, and was under the legal purview of the
determine if women could vote, provided they met
Nizam of Hyderabad, until their demise.
stringent property, income, or educational levels.
 The kingdom, which was founded and ruled for
 Between 1919 and 1929, all of the British Provinces,
most part by the Hindu Wodeyar family, initially
as well as most of the Princely states granted
served as a vassal state of the Vijayanagara Empire
women the right to vote and, in some cases,
allowed them to stand in local elections.  The Kingdom of Rohilkhand arose under the
declining Mughal Empire in 1721 and continued
 With limited input from women, the report from the to exist until 1774 when annexation by the British
three Round Tables was sent to the Joint Committee transformed its significantly reduced borders into
of the British Parliament recommending lowering the Princely State of Rampur.
the voting age to 21, but retaining property and
literacy restrictions, as well as basing women’s  Nawab Ali Mohammed Khan, a scion of the
eligibility on their marital status. It also provided ancient Barha Dynasty became the first Nawab
special quotas for women and ethnic groups in of Rohilkhand, having been previously elected as
provincial legislatures. These provisions were overlord by various Afghan Chiefs at the age of
incorporated into the Government of India Act fourteen. He would carve out the future kingdom
1935. Though it extended electoral eligibility, the from the collapsing Mughal Empire and go on to
Act still allowed only 2.5% of the women in India the found the Rohilla Dynasty
to vote. 109. Exp: (a)
104. Exp: (a)  By 1623, English East India Company had
 The Quit India Movement also known as the established factories at Surat, Broach, Ahmedabad,
August Movement, was launched at the Bombay Agra, and Masulipatam.
session of the All-India Congress Committee by  In 1625, the East India Company’s authorities at
Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World Surat made an attempt to fortify their factory, but
War II, demanding an end to British rule in India. the chiefs of the English factory were immediately

47
HISTORY | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in

imprisoned and put in irons by the local authorities established by Dr. Annie Besant.
of the Mughal Empire.
111. Exp. (c)
 The English opened their first factory in the South
at Masulipatam in 1611. But they soon shifted the  The reserved subjects came under the heading of
center of their activity to Madras the lease of which law and order and included justice, the police, land
was granted to them by the local king in 1639. revenue, and irrigation. The transferred subjects
110. Exp: (c) (i.e., those under the control of Indian ministers)
included local self-government, education, public
 Rabindranath Tagore translated “Jana Gana Mana”
health, public works, and agriculture, forests, and
from Bengali to English and also set it to music in
Madanapalle. fisheries.

 The National Anthem was written by Rabindranath 112. Exp. (d)

Tagore as early as in 1911 and was sung at the
annual session of the Indian National Congress at  Barindra Kumar Ghosh- AnushilanSamiti
Calcutta on 27 December that year.  Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee- AnushilanSamiti
 But it was actually done in Besant Theosophical
 Rash Behari Bose- Ghadr Party
College, Madanapalle, where Tagore stayed for a
few days in February 1919 that the now familiar 113. Exp. (b)
tune was set.
 A Constituent Assembly would consist of the
 It was Margaret Cousins, wife of educationist Dr.
James Henry Cousins, who composed the tune members elected by the Lower House of the Indian
for “Jana Gana Mana”. Dr.J H Cousins was then Legislature and the representatives of the Princely
the Principal of the Madanapalle College that was States nominated by their rulers.

RELIGION, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

1. Exp. (b)  The Milindapañha is a Buddhist text which dates

from sometime between 100 BC and 200 AD. It
 The central tenet of Jainism is non-violence. No
purports to record a dialogue between the Indian
other religion lays as much emphasis on non-
Buddhist sage N?gasena, and the 2nd century BC Indo-
violence as Jainism. Greek king Menander I (Pali: Milinda) of Bactria,
 As Jainism placed great emphasis on non- in S?gal?, present-day Sialkot.
violence, strict observers of the faith wear a muslin  Nitivakyamrita .—The Jaina writer Somadeva
cloth around their mouth and nose so that they of tenth century A.D. writes a treatise on niti
would not inhale small insects even by mistake. is called Nitivakyamrita. He quotes fragments
 To avoid trampling on ants and other insects, Jain of the metrical works on polity attributed to
monks used feathers to sweep the path before Atri, A?giras, Kausika, Garga, Devala, Narada,
walking. Jains could not practise agriculture or Parasara, Bhaguri, Bharadvaja, Bh?gu, B?haspati,
Sukra, Vyasa etc. (source- https://www.wisdomlib.org/
other crafts that involve killing or injury to living
definition/nitivakyamrita)
organisms.
 Hence, they took to trading and money-lending 3. Exp. (b)
and excelled in it. As a result, they were closely  Bhaja Caves are a group of 22 rock-cut caves dating
associated with urbanisation. back to the 2nd century BC located in the city of
Pune, India. Bhaja Caves are the best example
2. Exp. (b) of Buddhist cave architecture in India.
 Devi-Chandraguptam or Devi-Chandragupta is  Sittanavasal Cave (also, Arivar Koil) is a 2nd-
an Indian Sanskrit-language political drama century Tamil ?rama?a complex of caves in
attributed to Vishakhadeva, who is generally Sittanavasal village in Pudukottai district of Tamil
identified with Vishakhadatta. Nadu, India. The Sittanavasal Cave, also known as
Arivar Kovil, is a Jain monastery of the 7th century
 HammiraMahakavya is a 15th-century Indian
Sanskrit epic poem written by the Jain scholar  Besnagar was probably an important
Nayachandra Suri. ancient temples and pilgrimage site. Two major

48
www.iasscore.in HISTORY | WORKBOOK

archaeological excavations in the 20th-century  Mahayana or “great vehicle” believes in the

have revealed the pillar to be a part of an heavenliness of Buddha and Idol worship of
ancient V? sudeva temple site. Buddhas and Bodhisattvas embodying Buddha
Nature
4. Exp. (a)
7. Exp. (b)
 Dhanyakataka located near the present day
Amaravati in Andhra was the capital of Satavahana Chapchar Kut
kings (1st century BCE - 3rd AD).
 It is the most important traditional festival of the
 Who were patrons of Mahayana Buddhism. Mizos is celebrated across Mizoram and Mizo-
Remnants of a large Buddhist Mahachaitya built inhabited areas in the neighbouring states.
by king Ashoka is located here. Xuanzang in
 There are three Kuts celebrated in the state-
his travels stayed at Dhanyakataka and studied
AbhidharmaPitaka. He gives a glorious description Chapchar Kut, Mim Kut and Pawl Kut.
of the monasteries and Buddhist temples there.  The festivals are celebrated to mark the arrival of
This area was also a Vajrayana stronghold where spring with feasts and traditional dances.
Shakyamuni Buddha is said to have given the
Khongjom Parba ballad
Kalachakra Tantra teachings. A large number
of images of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas such  Khongjom Parba is a style of ballad singing from
as Avalokitesvara, Manjusri, Cunda, Maitreya, Manipur using Dholak (drum) which depicts
Vajrapani and Heruka have been found from stories of heroic battle fought by Manipuris against
Amaravati dating up to the 11th century CE, the mighty British Empire in 1891.
showing the widespread presence of Mahayana  It is one of the most popular musical art forms
Buddhism at this site ( of Manipur inciting the spirit of patriotism and
 Even though the traditional accounts of the nationalism among the people at one time.
Buddha’s visit to Andhra Pradesh are discounted,
Thang Ta
the literary evidence, as recorded by the Chinese
travellerHiuen-Tsang, shows that Buddhism  It is an ancient Manipuri Martial Art developed
entered Andhradesa by circa 400 B.C. It was from the war environment of Manipur created by
only during the reign of Asoka that the Buddhist the Meitei.
establishment at Dhanyakataka (today’s  Thang Ta was also known as HuyenLallong which
Dharanikota) attained great recognition. means the art of sword and the spear.
 Dhanyakataka grew as the focal point of Buddhism
8. Exp. (b)
in Andhradesa. Its importance grew further when
it became the capital of the Satavahanas. The  The concept of Bodhisattva is developed under the
Mahayana sect of Buddhism not,Hinayana.
Satavahana expansion over coastal Andhra and
the shiŌ of the capital to Dhanyakataka.  Bodhisattvas were perceived as deeply
compassionate beings who accumulated merit
5. Exp. (d) through their efforts but used this not to attain
nirbana and thereby abandon the world, but to
 Sangam poems are pervaded with warrior ethics.
help others. The worship of images of the Buddha
One such is the pracƟce of “VaƩakirutal” where and Bodhisattvas became an important part of
the defeated king commiƩed ritual suicide by this tradition. This new way of thinking was called
straving to death and in this he was accompanied Mahayana – literally, the “great vehicle”.
by those who were close to him.
9. Exp. (d)
6. Exp. (d)
 The Banjaras were the most important trader-
Features of Mahayana Buddhism nomads. Their caravan was called tanda.
 Central to Mahayana ideology is the idea of the  Sultan Alauddin Khalji used the Banjaras to
bodhisattva, one who seeks to become a Buddha. transport grain to the city markets.
In contrast to the dominant thinking in non-
 They brought food grains from villages to towns.
Mahayana Buddhism, which limits the designation
of bodhisattva to the Buddha before his awakening Banjaras specialized in Caravan Trading.
(bodhi), or enlightenment, Mahayana teaches that  They are special nomadic traders who travel along
anyone can aspire to achieve awakening and with bullocks with them.
thereby become a bodhisattva.
10. Exp. (c)
 The movement is characterized by a grandiose
cosmology, often complex ritualism, paradoxical  Siddhas believe in oneness of the transcendental
metaphysics, and universal ethics. being in the world as well as charity towards men.

49
HISTORY | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in

 They believed there is only one God, i.e.  It is inscribed in script at the base of the national
monotheism. emblem.
 The Siddhas tradition has also been contrasted  The emblem and the words “Satyameva Jayate” are
with the Bhakti tradition. Their attitude against inscribed on one side of all Indian currency.
idol worship and their stress on yoga, knowledge  The emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital
right conduct distinguished them from Bhakti of Ashoka which was erected around 250 BCE at
cults. Sarnath.
 Lingayats continue to be an important community 15. Exp. (c)
in the region to date. They challenged the idea of
caste and the pollution attributed to certain groups  There are six classical Indian languages. They are
by Brahmanas. They also questioned the theory of Sanskrit, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada,Malayalam and
rebirth. They believe that on death, the devotee Odia.
will be united with Shiva and will not return to 16. Exp. (a)
this world.
 Nirvana is the earliest and most common term
11. Exp. (a) used to describe the goal of the Buddhist path.
 Recently Odia classified as a classical language to  The literal meaning is “blowing out” or
give impetus to scholarships in the language. It is “quenching.”It is the ultimate spiritual goal in
the sixth Indian language to get such prestigious Buddhism and marks the soteriological release
tag after Sanskrit, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and from rebirths in saṃsara. Nirvana is part of the
Malayalam. Third Truth on “cessation of dukkha” in the Four
Noble Truth.
Classical Languages
 In time, with the development of Buddhist
 In 2004, Government of India declared Tamil as the doctrine, other interpretations were given, such as
Classical Language of India. the absence of the weaving (vana) of activity of the
 In 2005, right after Tamil, the government declared mind, the elimination of desire, and escape from
Sanskrit as Classical Language of India. These two the woods.
languages are undeniably parental sources for
17. Exp. (b)
several languages belonging to the Indo-European
family and the Dravidian family of language  No temples or religious places have been
groups. discovered from Harappan cities.
 The government gave the classical language status  Figurines resembling a female deity have been
to Kannada and Telugu in 2008. found. They suggest worship of Mother Goddess.
 Malayalam was declared as a classical language in  A seal with male figure sitting in a logic posture
2013 and in 2014, Odiya was also given the status with a trident-like headgear, surrounded by
of the Classical language. animals, has been found.
 This has a lot of similarities with Shiva. From
12. Exp. (c) this it is figured that the Harappans might be
 Six orthodox school of Hindu philosophy are worshipping Shiva.
Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Sankhya, Yoga, Mimansa and  On the basis of the Indus seals, it can be said
Vedanta.So Lokayata and Kapalika are not form that a large number of animals including goats,
part of the six systems of Indian Philosophy buffaloes, oxen, elephants, dogs and camels were
domesticated.
13. Exp. (d)
 But the Harappans seem not to have been familiar
 Bijak is the best known of the compilations of with the horse.
the compositions of Kabir, and as such is the
18. Exp. (b)
holy scripture for followers of the Kabirpanthi
religion.  Guru Nanak Dev was born in 1469. Babur defeated
Ibrahim Lodi in 1526. When Babur took over
 Pushti marg (“the Path of Grace”) is a and established the Mughal dynasty, Nanak was
Vaishnav sect of the Hinduism, founded by travelling to different parts of India and preaching
Vallabhacharya (also known as Mahaprabhu) Sikhism.
around 1500 AD.
 Babur once met Guru Nanak during one of his
14. Exp. (d) travel.

 “Satyameva Jayate (“Truth alone triumphs.”) is 19. Exp. (c)

a mantra from the ancient scripture Mundaka  Sankhya is the oldest of all philosophies put forth
Upanishad. by the sage Kapila. It is a dualistic philosophy with

50
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Purusha (soul) and Prakriti (nature) in it. It accept  Mahapurana or Trishashthilkshana Maha-
the theory of rebirth or transmigration of soul. purana is a major Jain text composed largely by
Though it accept rebirth but doesn’t accept god. “Acharya’’ Jinasena during the rule of Rashtrakuta
 Advaita Vedanta derives its base from Sankhya ruler Amoghavarsha and completed by his pupil
School. Sankhya also devolves philosophical Gunabhadra in the 9th century CE. Mahapurana
basis for Yoga. It emphasizes the attainment consists of two parts. The first part is Adipurana
written by “Acharya’’ Jinasena. The second part is
of knowledge of self through meditation and
Uttarapurana which is the section composed by
concentration.
Gunabhadra.
 Sankhya holds that it is the self-knowledge that
leads to liberation and not any exterior influence 23. Exp. (c)
or agent. Samkhya forms the philosophical basis  Aryadeva (3rd century), a disciple of Nagarjuna, is
for Yoga. a central figure in the development of early Indian
Madhyamaka philosophy. Aryadeva’s Hundred
20. Exp. (b)
Verses Treatise (Bailun) was one of the three basic
 The earliest source that mentions a musical texts of the Chinese Madhyamaka school founded
genre called Dhrupad is Ain-i-Akbari of Abu Fazl by the central Asian monk Kumarajiva (b. 344–d.
. Dhrupad had mainly thrived under patronage of 413), which accordingly was called the Sanlun
Rajput and Mughal Period till 17th century. So it is (Jpn. Sanron), or “three-treatise” school. According
wrong as it says Dhrupad ‘originated’ under them. to the biography that Kumarajiva translated into
 Dhrupad is the Indian classic music that traces its Chinese, Aryadeva was born into a South Indian
origin to the chanting of vedic hymns and mantras. Brahmin family, became Nagarjuna’s disciple,
It is also primarily a form of worship, in which was renowned for his skill in debate, and was
offerings are made to the divine through sound. murdered by a student of a defeated teacher
 Dhrupad is performed in two parts- Alap and  Dignaga, (born c. 480 CE—died c. 540),
Bandish. In the Alap, the singer uses syllables from Buddhist logician and author of the Pramana-
Sanskrit Mantras. samuccaya (“Compendium of the Means of True
Knowledge”), a work that laid the foundations
21. Exp: (c) of Buddhist logic.
 Francis disembarked in Goa, the centre of  Sri Ranganathamuni, popularly known
Portuguese activity in the East, on May 6, 1542. as SrimanNathamuni, was a Vaishnava
Much of the next three years he spent on the theologian who collected and compiled the
southeastern coast of India among the simple, NalayiraDivyaPrabandham.
poor pearl fishers, the Paravas.
24. Exp. (d)
 Francis travelled tirelessly from village to village
instructing and confirming them in their faith. His  The Sayyids were claimed to descent from the
evident goodness and the force of his conviction Prophet through his daughter Fatima. They
overcame difficulties of verbal communication. Commanded special respect in Muslim society.
 Meanwhile, he had come to realize that the way  Even the Timur protected the life of Sayyids during
to the conversion of Japan lay through China; it his invasion in India. Although his policy was one
was to the Chinese that the Japanese looked for of general slaughter.
wisdom. He never reached China, however.
 The sayyids put on a pointed cap (kulah) and
 On December 3, 1552, Francis died of fever on the they were known as ‘KulahDaran’ during Delhi
island of Sancian (Shangchuan, off the Chinese sultanate.
coast) as he attempted to secure entrance to the
country, then closed to foreigners 25. Exp. (d)

22. Exp. (b) Rules for slavery as per the Arthshastra

 The Avadanashataka or “Century of Noble Deeds”  A person enslaved because of the judicial
is an anthology in Sanskrit of one hundred punishment has been mentioned as dandpraneet
Buddhist legends, approximately dating to the u). This kind of slavery was of a fixed period
same time as the Ashokavadana. because a Dandapraneet could be freed by serving
 Option 3 is incorrect. So by eliminating, we get his sentence. They were the criminals in the prison.
option (b) as correct. They had to serve like slaves but at the same time
Kautilya provides that they could be released after
 The Parishishtaparvan also known as the
their period of punishment was completed.
Sthaviravalicharitra is a 12th-century Sanskrit
mahakavya by Hemachandra which details the  THE selling or mortgaging by kinsmen of the life
histories of the earliest Jain teachers. of a Súdra who is not a born slave, and has not

51
HISTORY | WORKBOOK www.iasscore.in

attained majority, but is an Arya in birth shall be the first amercement. The purchaser and abettors
punished with a fine of 12 panas; of a Vaisya, 24 shall likewise be punished.
panas; of a Kshatriya, 36 panas; and of a Bráhman,
 When a child is begotten on a female slave by
48 panas. If persons other than kinsmen do the
her master, both the child and its mother shall
same, they shall be liable to the three amercements
at once be recognised as free.[10] If, for the sake
and capital punishment respectively: purchasers
of subsistence, the mother has to remain in her
and abettors shall likewise be punished. It is no
bondage, her brother and sister shall be liberated.
crime for Mlechchhas to sell or mortgage the life
of their own offspring. But never shall an Arya be  Slaves had been treated as Chattels and they could
subjected to slavery. be inherited from a father to his son, and slaves
 If a slave who is less than eight years old and has no received in such a manner are described as Dayah-
relatives, no matter whether he is born a slave in agatah in the Arthasastra of Kautilya. Dayad
his master’s house, or fallen to his master’s share of means given and this would suggest that slaves
inheritance, or has been purchased or obtained by were given from father.
his master in any other way, is employed in mean
26. Exp. (b)
avocations against his will or is sold or mortgaged
in a foreign land;[9] or if a pregnant female slave  Sangam Literature has references to material
is sold or pledged without any provision for her culture and war tactics and ethics. The varna
confinement, her master shall be punished with system was not practiced but it was known.

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Exp. (d)  Locally called Pugur, meaning flower, the fine

and intricate Toda embroidery is done by tribal
 During period of Vijaynagara empire certain new
men and women on shawls.
features were evident in terms of temple architecture.
These were Mandapas and Gopurams. 3. Exp. (a)
 Mandapas: It meant pavilions and long, Chaliha sahib
pillared corridors that often ran around the
 Sindhi festival regarding Jhulelal.It is the festival
shrines within the temple complex. A Kalyana
of the Sindhis which involves devotees fasting for
Mandapa, meant to celebrate divine weddings
days.
 Gopurams: or royal gateways that often Nanda Raj Jaat Yatra:
dwarfed the towers on the central shrines, and
signalled the presence of the temple from a  The Nanda Devi Jat is celebrated every year in the
great distance. They were also probably meant Nanda Devi temples spread across Garhwal and
as reminders of the power of kings, able to Kumaon.
command the resources, techniques and skills Wari-Warkari:
needed to construct these towering gateways.  Wari is a pilgrimage for the Warkari sect related to
Pandharpur god Vithoba in Maharashtra, and it is
2. Exp. (a)
part of Bhakti movement rather than festival of a
Sujni Embroidery: particular tribal group.
 Sujani (also known as Sujini) is a form of  Besides, Santhals are not native to this state
embroidery originating from the Bhusura village
of Bihar in India. 4. Exp. (c)
 Today, Sujani embroidery is also practiced in the  Baghelkhand is in Central India, whereas
southern part of Rajasthan for making patterns Bodhgaya is in Bihar.
on Sarees, dupattas and other clothing and home  The Chandela Rajputs ruled central part of India. It
furnishing. was Bundelkhand’s most glorious era, when they
Uppada Jamdani Saris: built the temples at Khajuraho, forts and palaces
– and massive talabs (tanks, some of which are as
 Uppada Jamdani Sari is a silk saree style woven
big as lakes).
in Uppada of East Godavari district in Andhra
Pradesh.  Shirdi is located in western Maharashtra whereas
Vidarbha is eastern part of Maharashtra.
Puthukkuli shawls :
 Nashik is an ancient holy city in Maharashtra, a
 Puthukkuli shawls are made by Todas of Nilgiris state in western India. Malwa Plateau, plateau
hills in Tamil Nadu. region in north-central India.

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www.iasscore.in HISTORY | WORKBOOK

 Rayalaseema is a geographic region in Andhra  Gazette of India.

Pradesh. It comprises four southern districts of
the state namely, Anantapur, Chittoor, Kadapa and  News broadcast by All India Radio.
Kurnool. Tirupati is a city in Chittoor district of the  Calendars issued by the Government of India.
Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
 Government communications addressed to the
5. Exp. (a) members of the public.
 The town of Srisailam is reputed for the shrine  Dates of the national calendar have a permanent
of Lord Mallikarjuna on the flat top of Nallamala correspondence with dates of the Gregorian
Hills. calendar, 1 Chaitra falling on 22 March normally
 Omkareshwar is one of the Dwadasa jyotirlingas and on 21 March in leap year.
situated on the Mandhata hills in Vindhya 10. Exp. (b)
Mountains of Madhya Pradesh.
 Bhadrachalam: Disputed village during
 Pushkar is located along Ratnagiri Hills in
separation of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. It is
Rajasthan.
not famous for saree.
6. Exp. (c)  Chanderi: “Chanderi is a tehsil of Ashoknagar
 Banarasi brocade : It is in existence since Mughal district main occupation of the people of Chanderi
era and can be identified with a narrow fringe like is handicraft. Chanderi sarees are famous all over
pattern, called Jhhalar, found along the inner and the world”
and outer border. As per the GI registry, brocade  Kanchipuram is temple towns in Tamilnadu.The
sarees made only in the districts of Varanasi, town is renowned for their magnificent heavy silk
Chandauli, Mirzapur, Jaunpur, Bhadohi and sarees of bright colours with silver or gold zari
Azamgarh in Uttar Pradesh can be authentically works.
identified as Banarasi saree or brocade.
11. Exp: (c)
Rajasthani Daal-Bati-Churma:
 At present, Rajasthani Daal-Bati-Churma does not  The idea to celebrate International Mother
havethe Geographical Indigation tag. Language Day was the initiative of Bangladesh.
It was approved at the 1999 UNESCO General
 Tirupathi Laddu: India’s richest temple Conference and has been observed throughout the
Venkateshwara temple in Tirupati also famous for world since 2000. It is celebrated on 21 Feb each
its Laddu.Laddu is unique in taste and quality. So It year. So, statement 1 is correct.
comes under the GI tag under food stuff category.
 In Bangladesh, 21 February is the anniversary of
7. Exp. (b) the day when the people of Bangladesh (then East
Pakistan) fought for recognition for the Bangla
 Every monsoon, the Gond and Korku tribes of
language.
Madhya Pradesh’s Betul and Harda districts
celebrate Hari Jiroti. It is a month-long festival of  In 1948, the then Government of Pakistan declared
greenery, during which the tribals plant saplings Urdu to be the sole national language of Pakistan,
of fruit-bearing trees. even though Bengali or Bangla was spoken by the
majority of people combining East Pakistan and
8. Exp. (b) West Pakistan. The East Pakistan people protested,
 The Changpa or Champa are a semi-nomadic and demanded that Bangla to be at least one of the
Tibetan people found mainly in the Changtang in national languages, in addition to Urdu.
Ladakh and in Jammu and Kashmir.  The demand was raised first by Dhirendranath
 The Changpas rear the highly pedigreed and Datta from East Pakistan on 23 February 1948,
prized Changra goats (Capra Hircus) that yield the in the constituent Assembly of Pakistan. So,
rare Pashmina (Cashmere) fibre. Statement 2 is also correct.
 The Changra goats are not raised for their meat  To demolish the protest, the government of
but for their fibre (pashm). The pashmina fibre Pakistan outlawed public meeting and rallies.
(Pashm in Persian) is the finest fibre of all goat The students of the University of Dhaka, with the
hair. support of the general public, arranged massive
rallies and meetings. On 21 February 1952, police
 In 1989 the Changpas were granted official status opened fire on rallies. Abdus Salam, Abul Barkat,
in India as a Scheduled Tribe Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Abdul Jabbar and Shafiur
9. Exp. (a) Rahman died, with hundreds of others injured.
This was a rare incident in history, where people
 The national calendar based on the Saka Era, with sacrificed their lives for their mother tongue.
Chaitra as its first month and a normal year of 365
days was adopted from 22 March 1957 along with  Since then, Bangladeshis have celebrated the
the Gregorian calendar for the following official International Mother Language Day as one of their
purposes: tragic days.

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