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Kiv hvq bv| Z‡e kv¯¿ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, G a‡g©i g~‡j i‡q‡Qb fMevb ¯^qs| hy‡M hy‡M eû
mva‡Ki mvabvi dmj wb‡q wn›`yag© M‡o D‡V‡Q| Z‡e †`kKv‡ji cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wn›`ya‡g©i
wewaweavb cwiewZ©Z I cwigvwR©Z n‡q Pj‡Q| d‡j wn›`yag© cªvPxb n‡qI bexb|

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AvPvi, Abyôvb, c‚Rv-cve©Y BZ¨vw`I wn›`ya‡g©i A½we‡kl| Avi G welq¸‡jvi msw¶ß
eY©bvi ga¨ w`‡q wn›`ya‡g©i msw¶ß cwiPq eZ©gvb BDwb‡U Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© GB BDwbUwU‡K †gvU `yBwU cv‡V fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q:

cvV- 1.1: wn›`y a‡g©i mvaviY ˆewkó¨

cvV- 1.2: Dcvmbv c×wZ

wPÎ 1: Zv‡cve‡bi cwi‡e‡k mvabviZ Fwl|

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 1.1 wn›`ya‡g©i mvaviY ˆewkó¨

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

wn›`yya‡g©i g~jK_v wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

†e`‡K A‡cŠiy‡lq ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Rb¥všÍi I Kg©dj wK Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AeZviev` wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

†`e-†`ex wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

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Ck¦‡i wek¦vm
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Rx‡ei AvMgb; Avevi Ck¦i‡K jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡jB Rx‡ei gyw³| ZvB gvbyl gyw³jv‡fi Rb¨
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Ab¨ K_vq, Ck¦i‡K †K›`ª K‡iB RMr I Rxe‡bi cªKvk, weKvk I wejq| myZivs wn›`ya‡g©i
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e¨w³we‡k‡li iPbv bq, Ck¦‡ii evYx| Avi Fwliv a¨v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q ‡mB evYx Abyfe K‡i
cªKvk K‡i‡Qb| H evYxi msKjbB nj †e`| †e` Pvifv‡M wef³ h_v- FK&, mvg, hRy I
A_e©| †e‡`i welqe¯‘‡Z eû Fwli a¨vbjä kvk¦Z evYxi cªKvk N‡U‡Q| †e` †Kvb
e¨w³we‡k‡li iPbv bq e‡j †e`‡K ejv nq A‡cŠiy‡lq|

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MxZvq fMevb kªxK„ò ARy©b‡K D‡Ïk¨ K†i e‡j‡Qb,

Òeûevi Rwb¥qvwQ Zzwg Avi Avwg|

Avwg ÁvZ AvwQ, cv_©, fzwjqvQ Zzwg\Ó

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 3

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bv| wZwb †h Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib, †mwU Zuvi jxjv cªKv‡ki Rb¨| RM‡Zi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨|

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KviY MxZvq cªKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q hLb a‡g©i Møvwb †`Lv †`q, Aa‡g©i
cªZvc †e‡o hvq, mgv‡R mr e¨w³‡`i Ici wbh©vZb †b‡g Av‡m ZLb fMevb AeZviiƒ‡c
c„w_ex‡Z G‡m _v‡Kb| G‡m wZwb `y‡ói webvk, wk‡ói cvjb Ges ag©ms¯’vcb K‡i _v‡Kb|

†`e‡`ex wn›`ya‡g© eû †`e‡`ex i‡q‡Qb| †`e‡`exiv n‡”Qb Ck¡‡iiB wewfbœ kw³i cÖKvk| Ck¦i AbšÍ
kw³i AwaKvix| Zuvi ¸‡YiI †kl ‡bB| Ck¦i hLb wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv ¸Y ev ¶gZv‡K AvKvi
`vb K‡ib, ZLb IB AvKvi‡K ejv nq ‡`eZv| †hgb Ck¦i †hiƒ‡c m„wó K‡ib Zuvi bvg n‡jv
eªþv; Avevi Ck¦i †hiƒ‡c m„wó‡K cvjb Ki‡Qb, Zuv‡K e‡j weòz| G Qvov m„wó‡K hLb aŸsm
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†`e-†`exi Avwef©ve n‡q‡Q| Z‡e g‡b ivLv `iKvi †`e-†`exMY Ck¦i bb| Giuv we‡kl
†¶‡Î Ck¦‡ii wewea ¸‡Yi cÖKvk gvÎ| Ck¦i GK Ges AwØZxq| †`eZviv GK Ck¦‡iiB
wewfbœ ¸Y ev kw³i cÖKvk|

mvivsk Ck¦i RMZ m„wói mv‡_ mv‡_ RM‡Zi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ ag©‡KI m„wó K†i‡Qb|
wn›`ya‡g©i cªeZ©K ‡KD ‡bB| G a‡g©i g~‡j i‡q‡Qb fMevb ¯^qs| wn›`ya‡g©i
cÖavb ag©MÖš’ †e`| †e` A‡cŠiy‡lq| Rb¥všÍi I Kg©dj wn›`ya‡g©i Ab¨Zg
ˆewkó¨| Kg© Ki‡jB d‡jvrcbœ nq| Avi †m Kg©dj †fv‡Mi Rb¨ Rxe‡K
cÖ‡qvR‡b Ab¨ Rb¥ ev Rb¥všÍi MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| RM‡Zi Kj¨vY mva‡bi Rb Ck¦i
gv‡S gv‡S †`naviY K‡i AeZxY© nb| Ck¦i GK I AwØZxq| Amxg Zuvi ¶gZv|
Zuvi wewfbœ ¸Y I kw³i cÖKvk‡K †`eZv e‡j| †`e‡`exiv Ck¦i bb, Ck¦‡ii Ask
gvÎ|

BDwbU- 1 c„ôv- 4
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 1.1

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ:

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK& ( √ ) wPý w`b|

1| Kvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡ wek¦vm ¯’vcb wn›`ya‡g©i g~jK_v?

K. Rx‡ei L. RM‡Zi
M. Ck¦‡ii N. †`eZvi|

2| †e‡` Kv‡`i a¨vbjä evYxi cªKvk N‡U‡Q?

K. Fwl‡`i L. gywb‡`i
M. Kwe‡`i N. †hvMx‡`i|

3| GK Rb¥ †k‡l Ab¨ Rb¥ jvf Kiv‡K wK ejv nq?

K. beRb¥ L. ciRb¥
M. Rb¥všÍi N. cybR©b¥|

4| eûevi Rwb¥qvwQ Zzwg Avi Avwg- G K_v ‡K e‡j‡Qb?

K. AR©yb L hywawôi
M. fx®§ N. kªxK…ò|

5| †`naviY K‡i Ck¦‡ii aivc„‡ô AvMgb‡K wK ejv nq?

K. Avwef©ve L. AeZvi
M. AeZvix N. †`eZv|

6| Ck¦i †Kvb ¸Y ev kw³ we‡kl AvKvi aviY Ki‡j Zv‡K ejv nq?
K. †`e-†`ex L. gvbe
M. `vbe N. h¶|

✍ cÖ‡qvRbxq wel‡q †bvU Kiæb

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 5

 wmGW †cªvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV 1.2 Dcvmbv c×wZ

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

Dcvmbv wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Dcvmbvi wewfbœ c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ag©xq AvPvi Abyôvb m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

c~Rv-cve©‡Yi cª‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gvbe Rxe‡bi cig D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Ck¡i jvf ev †gv¶cªvwß| Ck¦i‡K †c‡Z n‡j mvabvi
cª‡qvRb GB mvabvi Aci bvg Dcvmbv| Dcvmbv ej‡Z Ck¦‡ii Avivabv-wµqv‡K eywS‡q
_v‡K| GB Dcvmbv †`k-Kv‡ji cwi‡cªw¶‡Z Ges e¨w³we‡k‡li kw³-mvg_¨© we‡ePbvq
wewfbœ iKg n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Kg©, Ávb, fw³, I ‡hvM| G Qvov wewfbœ AvPvi Abyôvb Ges
†`e‡`exi c~Rv-cve©‡Yi ga¨ w`‡qI Ck¦i Dcvmbv n‡q _v‡K|

Kg© hv wKQy Kiv nq Zv‡KB e‡j Kg©| Ck¦i‡K Avivabv Kiv †mwUI GKwU Kg©| Z‡e †h K‡g©i
m‡½ Ck¦i wPšÍv hy³ _v‡K †mwUB ms‡¶‡c Kg©‡hvM ejv nq| mvaK hLb Zvi mg¯Í Kg©dj‡K
Ck¦‡i mgc©Y K‡ib Ges wb‡R Ck¦‡ii cwZwbwa ¯^iƒc n‡q Kg© K‡i _v‡Kb ZLb Zvi Kg©‡K
ejv nq Kg©‡hvM| Kg©‡hv‡Mi dj- djvKv•Lv eR©b, KZ©„Z¡- Awfgvb Z¨vM Ges Kg©dj Ck¦‡i
mgc©Y- Gfv‡e Kg©K‡i GKRb mvaK Ck¦i AbyMªn jvf Ki‡Z mg_© nq| ms‡¶‡c GB nj
K‡g©i gva¨‡g Ck¦i Dcvmbv c×wZ|

K‡g©i b¨vq Ávb Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡gI Ck¦i AbyMªn cvIqv m¤¢e| Kg© Ki‡Z wM‡q mvaK
Ávb Dcjwä Ki‡eb Zvi wb‡Ri g‡a¨ †hgb †Zgwb we‡k¦i mKj cªvYxi g‡a¨ GKB AvZ¥v weivR
Ki‡Qb| RM‡Zi me wKQy cig AvZ¥vi mË¡vq mË¡vevb| Rxe- †`‡ni AvZ¥v‡K e‡j RxevZ¥v|
RxevZ¥v I cigvZ¥v g~jZ GKB; Z‡e LwÛZ Ae¯’vq Rxe‡`‡n RxevZ¥v bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avi
mvgwMªK `„wó‡Z †mwU cigvZ¥v| GB ZË¡ Dcjwä K‡i mvaK nb Ávbx| ZLb wZwb wb‡R‡K
Ck¦‡ii Ask e‡j Dcjwä K‡ib| wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib †`nUv wZwb bb, Zuvi wfZi †h AvZ¥v
i‡q‡Q ‡mwUB Zvi mË¡v | †`n gv‡S GB AvZ¥v Ave× n‡q Av‡Q| GB RxevZ¥v‡K Ck¦i ev
cigvZ¥vi m‡½ hy³ Kivi cÖqvmB n‡”Q Áv‡bi c‡_ Ck¦i Dcvmbv|

Ck¦i Dcvmbvi Avi GKwU c×wZ n‡”Q †hvM-mvabv| mKj mvabvi cÖavb Aej¤^b n‡”Q my¯’
†hvM Kg©¶g ‡`n Ges gb| †`n‡K Avkªq K‡i cigvZ¥vi mvab Pj‡Z _v‡K| ZvB kv‡¯¿ ejv
n‡q‡Q- kixis Lj¦v`¨ag©mvabg&| A_©vr kixiB n‡”Q ag©-mvabvi cÖ_g I cÖavb DcKiY|
ZvB cÙvmb, mnRvmb, †MvgyLvmb BZ¨vw` wewfbœ iKg ‡hvMvmb Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †`n I
gb‡K Ck¦i Dcjwäi Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv nq| †hvMvej¤^b K‡i whwb Ck¦i Avivabv K‡ib
wZwb n‡jb †hvMx mvaK| mywbqwš¿Z Bw›`ªq Ges kvšÍwP‡Ë wbR AvZ¥vq cigvZ¥vi Dcw¯’wZ
jv‡f hZ¥evb nb ‡hvMx| MxZvq ejv n‡q‡Q †h †hvMx-mvaK †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zvi gb‡K Ck¦‡i

BDwbU- 1 c„ôv- 6
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mshy³ K‡i‡Qb wZwbB †kªô †hvMx| cigvZ¥vi m‡½ Avcb RxevZ¥vi ms‡hvM mvabB ‡hvM
mvabvi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨|

fw³ fw³i c‡_ †h Ck¦i Avivabv Zv‡K ejv nq fw³‡hvM| fw³‡hv‡Mi mvabvq mva‡Ki mMyY
Ck¦‡ii Kíbv _v‡K| Ck¦‡ii A‡kl ¶gZv AbšÍ ¸Yvejx ¯§iY K‡i mvaK fMev‡bi
kªxcv`c‡Ù wb‡R‡K mgc©Y K‡ib| fw³‡hv‡M Rxe I Ck¦‡ii m¤ú©KUv †me¨ I †me‡Ki|
hv‡K †mev Kiv hvq wZwbB †me¨; Avi whwb †mev K‡ib wZwb n‡jb ‡meK| fw³‡hv‡M ‡me¨
n‡jb Ck¦i Avi ‡meK n‡jb f³ wb‡RB| fw³i A‡kl K„cv| fw³ GKw`‡K Ck¦i‡K f‡³i
wbK‡U wb‡q Av‡m| Aci w`‡K f³‡K K‡i Ck¦igyLx| f³ wb‡R wKQy cªv_©bv K‡ib bv| Ck¦i
cªxwZ mvabB Zvi Dcvmbvi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| †hgb- kªxK„‡òi cªxwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Mvcxiv wQ‡jb
m`v hZœkxj|

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Ck¦i-Db¥yyLx K‡i| Aci w`‡K fw³‡Z cªxZ n‡q fMevb f‡³i Kj¨v‡Y weMwjZ nb| ZvB
wewfbœ Dcvmbv c×wZi g‡a¨ fw³‡hv‡Mi mvabv‡K Ck¦i AbyMªn jv‡fi mnR Dcvq e‡j g‡b
Kiv nq|

a‡g©i wbR¯^ †Kvb iƒc †bB| avwg©Ke¨w³i AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g ag©‡K cªZ¨¶ Kiv hvq|
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Avevi hLb K‡Ú Zzjmx gvjv, Mv‡q wZjK P›`b, gy‡L K„òbvg Gi ga¨w`‡q ˆeòexq
fveavivi Ck¦i Avivabvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q ‡`q| Z‡e G¸‡jv a‡g©i ewni½ `„k¨| ewni½
m¾viI Dc‡hvwMZv Av‡Q| whwb ˆMwiK emb aviY K‡i‡Qb ev wZjK P›`bvw` c‡i‡Qb wZwb
Zuvi wPšÍv K‡g© AvPvi-AvPi‡Y mZK©, mshgx I mnvbyf~wZcªeY n‡eb GUvB Avkv Kiv hvq|
Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, AvPvi-Abyôv‡bi ga¨w`‡q a‡g©i wewkóiƒc cÖKvwkZ n‡q _v‡K|

Ck¦i-Dcvmbvi `ywU cÖavb c×wZ njÄ wbivKvi I mvKvi| wbivKvi Dcvmbvq Ck¦‡ii ‡Kvb
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Dcvmbv Kiv nq| GB †h Ck¦‡ii mvKvi Dcvmbv G‡KB e‡j c~Rv-AP©bv| Ck¦‡ii weMÖn
ˆZwi K‡i Zvi g‡a¨ cÖvY cÖwZôv K‡i mvaK fw³f‡i cy®ú, wej¦cÎ, P›`b, aiæ, `xc cÖf„wZ
AN©¨ wb‡e`b K‡ib| GwUB c~RvKg©| c~Rv-AP©bvi ga¨ w`‡q f³ fMev‡bi mvwbœa¨ Abyfe
K‡ib; Ges wb‡Ri cÖv‡Yi AvKzwZ Dcvm¨ †`eZvi wbKU wb‡e`b K‡ib| GB c~RvK‡g©i ga¨
w`‡q mva‡Ki ewni½ Ges AšÍi½ DfqB nq cweÎ Ges Ck¦i AbyMÖn jv‡fi †hvM¨| c~Rvi
m‡½ hy³ Av‡Q cve©‡Yi K_v| erm‡ii wba©vwiZ wZw_‡Z we‡kl we‡kl cve©Y Dcw¯’Z n‡q
_v‡K| †hgb Avwk¦b gv‡m K…ò PZz`©kx wZw_‡Z gnvjqv cve©Y AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| GiKg
bevbœ, †cŠlcve©Y, BZ¨vw` evigv‡m ‡Zi cve©Y AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| G cve©Y D`hvc‡bi ga¨
w`‡q f³ †`n I g‡b kywPZv jvf K‡ib Ges AšÍ‡i Abyfe K‡ib cÖkvwšÍ| Gfv‡e c~Rv-
cve©‡Yi ga¨w`‡q Ck¦i AbyMÖn jv‡fi Rb¨ mvaK ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i| GB nj ms‡¶‡c
wn›`ya‡g©i Dcvmbv c×wZ|

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 7

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mvivsk
Ck¦i Avivabvi Aci bvg Dcvmbv| Dcvmbv wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q _v‡K| Kg©,
Ávb, †hvM I fw³-- G¸‡jv Ck¦i Avivabvi GK GKwU c_ ev Dcvmbv c×wZ| GQvov
AvPvi Abyôvb I c‚Rv cve©Y D`hvc‡bi gva¨‡g mvaK †`n I g‡b weï×Zv jvf Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Gfv‡e AšÍ‡i evwn‡i cweÎfve wb‡q wbweówP‡Ë Ck¡‡ii Avivabv K‡i mvaK
Afxó Ck¦i ev †gv¶jv‡f mg_© nb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 1.2

A) eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ:

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1| Ck¦‡ii Avivabv-wµqv‡K wK ejv nq?

K. mvabv L. Dcvmbv
M. c~RvP©bv N. a¨vb|

2| †h K‡g©i m‡½ Ck¦i wPšÍvhy&³ _v‡K Zv‡K wK ejv nq?

K. Kg©‡hvM L. Kg©a¨vb
M. Kg©wmw× N. Kg©mvabv|

3| †Kvb c‡_i mvaK Ck¦‡ii wbKU wKQyB cÖv_©bv K‡ib bv?

K. Ávb L. Kg©
M. fw³ N. †hvM|

4| avwg©K e¨w³i AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ Kv‡K cÖZ¨¶ Kiv hvq?

K. Ávb‡K L. Pwi·K
M. wek¦vm‡K N. ag©‡K|

5| c~Rv AP©bvi ga¨w`‡q f³ Kvi mvwbœa¨ Abyfe K‡ib?

K. ¸iæi L. wk¶‡Ki
M. fMev‡bi N. g~wZ©i|

6| cyRv-cve©Y D`&hvc‡bi ga¨ w`‡q f³ †`n I g‡b wK jvf K‡ib?

K. kywPZv L. fw³
M. ‰bKU¨ N. mvwbœa¨|

BDwbU- 1 c„ôv- 8
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Av) iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:

1| Avcbvi wb‡Ri fvlvq ms‡¶‡c wn›`ya‡g©i cwiPq w`b|

(cvV 1 I 2-Gi mvivsk †_‡K wjLyb)
2| Rb¥všÍi I Kg©dj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
(cvV 1-Gi Rb¥všÍi I Kg©dj Ask ‡_‡K wjLyb|)
3| wn›`yag© †`e‡`ex m¤úK© Avcbvi aviYv e¨³ Kiæb|
(cvV 1-Gi †`e‡`ex Ask ‡_‡K wjLyb|)
4| Ck¦i Dcvmbvi †¶‡Î Kg©‡hvM I Ávb‡hv‡Mi msw¶ß cwiPq w`b|
(cvV 2-Gi Kg© I Ávb Ask †_‡K wjLyb|)
5| †hvMmvabv I fw³‡hv‡Mi cwiPq w`b|
(cvV 2-Gi †hvM Ges fw³ Ask ‡_‡K wjLyb|)
6| wn›`ya‡g© AvPvi Abyôv‡bi f~wgKv ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
(cvV 2-Gi AvPvi Abyôvb Ask †_‡K wjLyb|)
7| c~Rv-cve©Y wK Ges †Kb AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K Zv wjLyb|
(cvV 2-Gi c~Rv-cve©Y Ask †_‡K wjLyb|)

B) ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b:

(K) wn›`ya‡g©i Aci bvg wK?

[BDwbU 1-Gi fzwgKv †_‡K wjLyb|]
(L) †e`‡K A‡cŠiæ‡lq ejv nq ‡Kb?
[cvV 1 †_‡K wjLyb|]
(M) Ck¦‡ii AeZvi ej‡Z wK eySvq?
[cvV 1-Gi AeZviev` †_‡K wjLyb|]
(N) †`e-†`exiv †Kvb kw³i cÖKvk?
[cvV 1-Gi †`e-†`exi Ask †_‡K wjLyb|]
(O) Dcvmbv Kv‡K e‡j?
[cvV 2 †_‡K wjLyb|]
(P) Kg©‡hv‡Mi wZbwU dj wK wK?
[cvV 2-Gi Kg© †_‡K wjLyb|]
(Q) †hvMvmb Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wK jvf nq?
[cvV 2-Gi †hvM Ask †_‡K wjLyb|]

DËigvjv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.1

1. M; 2. K; 3. M; 4. N; 5. L; 6. K;

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.2

1. L; 2. K; 3. M; 4. N; 5. M; 6. N;

wn›`y ag© c„ôv- 9

wmGW †cªvMÖvg ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

BDwbU- 1 c„ôv- 10