Redox Reaction

Syllabus : Calculations (based on mole concept) involving common oxidation -reduction, neutralization, and
displacement reactions.
(As mentioned for IIT-JEE)
[A] Oxidation-reduction
(6) A redox change occurs simultaneously.
(1) Oxidation is a process which liberates electrons,
i.e., de-electronation. [B] Oxidation Number

(2) Reduction is a process which gains electrons, i.e., (1) Oxidation No. of an element in a particular
electronation. compound represents the no. of electrons lost or gained
by an element during its change from free state into
that compound. or Oxidation No. of an element in a
Oxidation Reduction particular compound represents the extent of oxidation
M  M +n + ne M +n + ne  M or reduction of an element during its change from free
state into that compound.
A -n  A + ne A + ne  A -n
(2) Oxidation no. of given positive sign if electrons are
n 2  n1 M  n1  M  n2  ( n2  n1 )e M  n2  ( n 2  n1 )e  M  n1
lost. Oxidation no. is given negative sign if electrons
n1  n 2 An1  An2  (n1  n2 )e A  n2  ( n1  n 2 )e  A  n1 are gained.

(3) Oxidation no. represents real charge in case of ionic

(3) Oxidants are substances which :
compounds. However, in covalent compounds it
(a) oxidize other . represents imaginary charge.
(b) are reduced themselves.
[C] Rules for Deriving Oxidation Number
(c) show electronation
Following rules have been arbitrarily adopted to decide
(d) show a decrease in oxidation no. during a redox oxidation no. of electrons on the basis of their periodic
change. properties.
(e) has higher oxidation no. in a conjugate pair of (1) In uncombined state of free state, oxidation no. of
redox. an element is zero.
(4) Reductants are substances which :
(2) In combined state oxidation no. of ……
(a) reduce other.
(a) …….. F is always –1.
(b) are oxidized themselves.
(b) …….O is –2. In peroxides it is –1 . However in F 2 O
(c) show de-electronation. it is +2.

(d) show an increase in oxidation no. during a redox (c) …….H is +1 . In ionic hydrides it is –1. (i.e., IA,
change. IIA, and IIIA metals)

(e) has lower oxidation no. in a conjugate pair of redox. (d) ……. metals is always +ve.

(5) A redox change is one in which a reductant is (e) …….alkali metals

oxidized to liberate electrons, which are then used up (i.e., I A group –Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) is always +1.
by an oxidant to get itself reduced.
(f) …..alkaline earth metals

M1  M1 n  ne
(i.e., II A group-Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) is always +2.
Oxidation
(3) The algebraic sum of all the oxidation no. of
n
M2  ne  M 2 Reduction elements in a compound is equal to zero, e.g., KMnO 4 .
Ox. No. of K + Ox. No. of Mn + (Ox. No. of O) × 4 = 0

M 1 + M 2 +n M 1 +n + M 2 Redox reaction

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(4) The algebraic sum of all the oxidation no. of Step 5. Balance O atom using H 2 O on desired side.
elements in a radical is equal to the net charge on the
5H 2 C 2 O 4 + 2KMnO 4  10CO 2 + 2MnO + K 2 O + 5H 2 O
radical, e.g., CO 3 -2
(b) Acidic medium :
Oxidation No. of C + 3 × (Oxidation No. of O) = -2
H
(5) Oxidation number can be zero, +ve, -ve (integer or e.g. NO 3 - + H 2 S  
 HSO 4 - + NH 4 +
fraction)
Proceed like neutral medium for step 1 to 4
(6) Maximum oxidation no. of an element is
= Group No. (Except O and F) Step 1 . 8e + N +5  N -3

Minimum oxidation no. of an element is S -2  S +6 + 8e

= Group No. –8 (Except metals) Step 2. N +5 + S -2  N -3 + S +6

[D] Oxidation State Step 3. NO 3 - + H 2 S  NH 4 + + HSO 4 -

It is defined as oxidation no. per atom. e.g., in KMnO 4 Step 4. No other atom (except H and O) is unbalanced
and thus, no need for this step.
Oxidation no. of Mn is = +7
Step 5. Balance O atom : Balancing of O atom is
Oxidation state of Mn is = Mn +7
made by using H 2 O and H + ions.
[E] Balancing of Redox Equations
Add desired molecules of H 2 O on the side deficient
Two methods are commonly used for this purpose.
with O atom and double H + on opposite side. Therefore,
1. Ion Electron Method
H 2 O + NO 3 - + H 2 S  NH 4 + + HSO 4 - + 2H +
It involves three sets of rules depending upon the
nature of medium (i.e., neutral, acid or alkaline) in Step 6 : Balance charge by H + :
which reaction occurs.
3H + + H 2 O + NO 3 - +H 2 S  NH 4 + +HSO 4 - + 2H +
(a) Neutral medium :
 Finally balanced equation is ,
e.g., H 2 C 2 O 4 + KMnO 4  CO 2 + K 2 O + MnO + H 2 O
H + + H 2 O + NO 3 - + H 2 S  NH 4 + + HSO 4 -
Step 1. Select the oxidant, reductant atoms and write
their half reactions, one representing oxidation and (c) Alkaline medium :
other reduction.
OH 
i.e., C 2 +3  2C +4 + 2e e.g., Fe + N 2 H 4   Fe(OH) 2 + NH 3

5e + Mn +7  Mn +2 Proceed like neutral medium for step 1 to step 4.

Step 2. Balance the no. of electrons and add the two
Step 1. Fe  Fe +2 + 2e
equations.
2e + N 2 -2  2N -3
5C 2 +3  10C +4 + 10e
Step 2. Fe + N 2 -2  Fe +2 + 2N -3
10e  2 Mn 7  2 Mn 2
5C 23  2 Mn 7  10C 4  2 Mn 2 Step 3. Fe + N 2 H 4  Fe(OH) 2 + 2NH 3

Step 3. Write complete molecule of the reductant and Step 4. No other atom (except H and O) is unbalanced
oxidant from which respective redox atoms were and thus, no need for this step.
obtained.
Step 5. Balance O atom : Balancing of O atom is
5H 2 C 2 O 4 + 2KMnO 4  10CO 2 + 2MnO made by using H 2 O and OH - ions. Add desired
Step 4. Balance other atoms if any (except H and O). molecules of H 2 O on the side rich with O atoms and

In above example K is unbalanced, therefore, double OH - on opposite side. Therefore,

5H 2 C 2 O 4 + 2KMnO 4  10CO 2 + 2MnO + K 2 O 4OH - + Fe + N 2 H 4  Fe(OH) 2 + 2NH 3 + 2H 2 O

(mentioned as product)

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Step 6. Balance charge by H + :
S OLVED PROBLEMS
4OH + 4H + Fe + N 2 H 4  Fe(OH) 2 + 2NH 3 + 2H 2 O
- +
1. Balance the equation
Finally balanced equation is P + HNO 3  HPO 3 + NO + H 2 O

2H 2 O + Fe + N 2 H 4  Fe(OH) 2 + 2NH 3 Solution :

2. Oxidation State Method Step (i) P + HNO 3 HPO 3 + NO + H 2 O

Step (ii) Writing oxidation numbers of the elements.

e.g., KMnO 4 + H 2 C 2 O 4  CO 2 + K 2 O + MnO + H 2 O
P + H N O3  H P O3 + N O + H2 O
The initial step I should be written as
0 +1 +5 -2 +1 +5 -2 +2 -2 + 1 –2
Step 1. Mn +7  Mn +2 i.e., change in oxidation no. of
Thus here P is oxidized (0 to +5) and N in HNO 3 is
Mn (+7  +2) = 5 units
reduced (+5 to +2). Writing separate equation for the
C 2 +3  2C +4 i.e., change in oxidation no. of C reducing agent (P) and oxidising agent (N in HNO 3 ).
(+6  +8) = 2 units Oxidation : P 0  P +5  5
Step 2. Proceed from step II to last step for neutral, Reduction : N +5  N +2  3
acidic or alkaline medium as in ion electron method.
Step (iii) Adding electrons according to change in
[F] Balancing of Half Reactions oxidation number.

Example 1. I 2  IO - 3 (Acid medium) P 0  P +5 + 5e - …(a)

N +5 + 3e -  N +2 …(b)
Step 1. Balance atoms other than O and H if needed
i.e., Step (iv) Multiply equation (a) by 3 and (b) by 5.

I 2  2IO 3 - 3P 0  3P +5 + 15e -

Step 2. Balance O atoms using H + and H 2 O as 5N 5  15e   5N 2

Adding
reported earlier . 3P 0  5N 5  3P 5  5N 2

I 2 + 6H 2 O  2IO 3 - + 12H + Step (v) Thus in the reactants 3P 0 can come from 3P
and 5N +5 can come from 5 HNO 3 . Similarly, 3 P +5 in
Step 3. Balance charge by electrons. the product can come from 3HPO 3 and 5N +2 from 5 NO.
Therefore, the required reaction can be written as
I 2 + 6H 2 O  2IO 3 - + 12H + + 10e
3P + 5HNO 3  3HPO 3 + 5NO
This is balanced half reaction.
Step (vi) In the required reaction, water should also be
Example 2. S 2 O 3 -2  SO 2 (Basic medium) present in the product, therefore on looking the various
hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the reactants and
Step 1. As above S 2 O 3 -2  2SO 2 products it becomes obvious that the reactants are
having 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom more than the
Step 2. Balance O atom by H 2 O and OH - as reported
products, therefore one molecule of water should b e
earlier
present in the product. Hence the required balanced
2OH - + S 2 O 3 -2  2SO 2 + H 2 O equation can be represented as below .

3P + 5HNO 3  3HPO 3 + 5NO + H 2 O

Step 3. Balance charge by electrons.

2OH - + S 2 O 3 -2  2SO 2 + H 2 O + 4e

This is balanced half reaction.

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2. Balance the equation Thus here Mn +7 is reduced to Mn 2+ (+7  +2) and Fe +2

K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + HCl  KCl + CrCl 3 + H 2 O + Cl 2 is oxidised to Fe +3 (+2  +3). Thus

Solution : Oxidation : 2Fe +2  Fe 2 +3 2

Remember that alkali and alkaline earth metals have Reduction : Mn +7  Mn +2  5

only one oxidation number and as long as they remain
Step (iii) 2Fe +2  Fe 2 +3 + 2e -
in the compound, they do not undergo oxidation or
reduction. Mn +7 + 5e -  Mn +2
+6 -1 +3 0 Step (iv) Multiplying equation (a) by 5 and (b) by 2.
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + HCl  KCl + CrCl 3 + H 2 O + Cl 2 10Fe +2  5Fe 2 +3 + 10e -
Thus here Cr of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 is reduced to CrCl 3 (+6  +3) 2Mn +7 + 10e -  2Mn +2
and Cl of HCl is oxidised to Cl 2 (-1  0). In short,
Adding, 10Fe +2 + 2Mn +7  5Fe 2 +3 + 2Mn +2
Oxidation : 2Cl -1  Cl 2 0  2
Step (v) 10FeSO 4 + 2KMnO 4  5Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2MnSO 4
Reduction : Cr 2 +6  2Cr +3  6
Thus the required equation may be written as
Step (iii) 2Cl -1  Cl 2 0 + 2e - …(a)
10FeSO 4 + 2KMnO 4 + H 2 SO 4  5Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2MnSO 4
Cr 2 +6 + 6e -  2Cr +3 ….(b)
+ K 2 SO 4 + H 2 O
Step (iv) Multiply equation (a) by 6 and (b) by 2
Step (vi) To balance SO 4 -2 ions ; multiply H 2 SO 4 by 8
12Cl -1
 6Cl 2 + 12e
0 -
10FeSO 4 + 2KMnO 4 + 8H 2 SO 4  5Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3
2Cr2 6  12e   4Cr 3 +2MnSO 4 + K 2 SO 4 + 8H 2 O

To balance H atoms multiply H 2 O by 8

2Cr2 6  12Cl 1  4Cr 3  6Cl 2 0
10FeSO 4 + 2KMnO 4 + 8H 2 SO 4  5Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3
or Cr 2 +6 + 6Cl -  2Cr +3 + 3Cl 2 0 +2MnSO 4 + K 2 SO 4 + 8H 2 O
Step (v) K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + 6HCl  2CrCl 3 + 3Cl 2 4. Balance the equation
Step (vi) Making provision of KCl and H 2 O in the MnO 4 - + C 2 O 4 -2 + H –  CO 2 + Mn +2 + H 2 O
product : Since the reactant has 7 oxygen atoms, in the
product 7H 2 O must be present. For accounting 14 Solution :
hydrogen atoms of water in the product, the reactants +7 +3 +4 +2
must have 14 HCl molecules (the only H containing
Step (ii) MnO 4 -
+ C2O4 -2
+ H  CO 2 + Mn +2 + H 2 O
+
species). For accounting the 2K atoms and 14 – 12 = 2
additional Cl atoms in the reactant , the product must Thus here Mn +7 is reduced to Mn +2 (+7  +2) and
have 2KCl. Hence the balance equation is carbon in C 2 O 4 -2 is oxidised to CO 2 Thus
3 4
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + 14HCl  2KCl + 2CrCl 3 + 7H 2 O + 3Cl 2 Oxidation : C2  2CO2 + 2e -  2
3. Write the balanced equation when ferrous sulphate is
Reduction : Mn +7 + 5e - Mn +2  5
treated with acidified (H 2 SO 4 ) potassium
permanganate. 3
Step (iii) 5C2  10 CO 2 + 10 e -
Solution:
2Mn +7 + 10 e -  2Mn +2
Step (i)

KM n O 4 + H 2 SO 4 + F e SO 4  K 2 SO 4 + M n SO 4 + F e 2 ( SO 4 ) 3 + H 2 O 
3
Step (ii) Adding 5C2 + 2Mn +7  10 CO 2 + 2Mn +2

+7 +2 +2 +3 Step (iv) 2MnO 4 - + 5C 2 O 4 -2  2Mn +2 + 10 CO 2

KM n O 4 + H 2 SO 4 + F e SO 4  K 2 SO 4 + M n SO 4 + F e 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2 O Step (v) Making provision of water in the product
(R.H.S.) : It must be 8H 2 O because 28 oxygen atoms

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are on L.H.S. and 20 are on the R.H.S. Further making 6. Balance the following equation by half reaction
provision of H + on the L.H.S. since these are given in method.
the required reaction. It must be 16H + because R.H.S.
Cr 2 O 7 2- + C 2 O 4 2- + H +  Cr 3+ + CO 2 + 4H 2 O
has 8H 2 O. Thus the balanced equation is
Solution :
2MnO 4 - + 5C 2 O 4 -2 + 16H +  2Mn +2 + 10CO 2 + 8H 2 O
Step (i) The two half reactions of the equation are
5. Balance the following equation by the half reaction
method . H 2 S + HNO 3  NO + S + H 2 O Oxidation : C 2 O 4 2-  CO 2

Solution : Reduction : Cr 2 O 7 2-  Cr 3+
Step (i) The two half reactions of the equation are : Step (ii) (A) Balancing of the oxidation half reaction.
Oxidation : H 2 S  S (a) First of all balance C atoms in the equation
Reduction : NO 3  NO -
C 2 O 4 2-  2CO 2
Step (ii) (A) Balancing of the oxidation half reaction.
The resulting equation has also balanced oxygen atoms.
(a) It is balanced by adding 2H + on the R.H.S.

H 2 S  S + 2H +
(b) Equalise charge by adding 2e - to the R.H.S.
(b) For equalising charge on both sides, add two
electrons on the R.H.S. of the above equation. C 2 O 4 2-  2CO 2 + 2e -

H 2 S  S + 2H + + 2e - (B) Balancing of the reduction half reaction.

(B) Balancing of the reduction half reaction. (a) First of all balance Cr atoms. Cr 2 O 7 -2  2Cr 3+
NO 3  NO
-

(b) Balance oxygen atoms by adding 7H 2 O molecules to

(a) For balancing oxygen atoms, add 2H 2 O to R.H.S. the R.H.S. Cr 2 O 7 2-  2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O
NO 3 -  NO + 2H 2 O
(c) Balance hydrogen atoms by adding 14H + to the
(b) For balancing H atoms, add 4H + to L.H.S. of the L.H.S.
above equation
Cr 2 O 7 2- + 14H +  2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O
NO 3 + 4H  NO + 2H 2 O
- +
(d) Balance the charge by adding 6 electrons to the
(c) For balancing charge on both sides of the above L.H.S. to give the balanced reduction half.
equation, add 3e - to L.H.S.
Cr 2 O 7 2- + 14H + + 6e -  2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O
NO 3 - + 4H + + 3e -  NO + 2H 2 O
Steps (iii) and (iv) . For balancing the number of
Steps (iii) and (iv), For balancing the number of
electrons lost in oxidation and gained in reduction half
electrons in the oxidation and reduction half equations,
equations, multiply the balanced oxidation half reaction
multiply the balanced oxidation half reaction by 3 and
by 3 and balanced reduction half reaction by 1. Add the
the balanced reduction half reaction by 2. Add the
resulting two equations. resulting equations.

H 2 S  S + 2H + + 2e - ] × 3 3C 2 O 4 2-  6CO 2 +6e -

NO 3  4 H   3e   NO  2 H 2 O]  2 Cr2 O 7 2   14 H   6e   2Cr 3  7 H 2 O
3H 2S  8H   2 NO 3  6e   3S  2 NO  4 H 2 O  6H   6e  3C2 O 4 2   Cr2 O 7 2   14 H   2Cr 3  6CO 2  7 H 2 O
step (v) On cancelling the common terms, the final Step (v). Check whether the charge on both sides of the
balanced equation becomes above equations is equal or not, if it is equal then the

3H 2 S + 2HNO 3  2NO + 3S + 4H 2 O equation is balanced .

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3C 2 O 4 2- + Cr 2 O 7 2- + 14H + 2Cr 3+ + 6CO 2 + 7H 2 O Thus the balanced equation is

-6 -2 +14 +6 0 0 2Cr (OH) 3 + 4OH - + IO 3 -  2CrO 4 2- + I - + 5 H 2 O

8. 2.68 x 10 -3 mole of a solution containing an ion A n+

required 1.61 x 10 -3 moles of MnO 4 - for the oxidation of
Net charge +6 +6
A n+ to AO 3 - in acid medium. What is the value of n ?
7. Balance the following equation taking place in basic
Solution :
medium by ion electron method.
Since in acidic medium, A n+ is oxidised to AO 3 - , the
Cr(OH) 3 + IO 3 -  I - + CrO 4 2-
change in oxidation state from (+5) to (+n) =5-n
Solution :
 Total number of electrons that have been given out
Step (i) Write down the two half reactions. during oxidation of 2.68 x 10 -3 moles of A n+

Oxidation : Cr(OH) 3  CrO 4 2- = 2.68 x 10 -3 x (5-n)

Reduction : IO 3 -  I - Thus the number of electrons added to reduce

1.61  10 -3 moles of MnO 4 - to Mn 2+ ,
Step (ii) (A) Balancing of the oxidation half reaction
i.e. (+7) to (+2) = 1.61  10 -3 × 5
(a) Balance O atoms by adding 1 H 2 O to the R.H.S. and
2 OH - to the L.H.S.  1.61  10 -3  5 = 2.68  10 -3 × (5 – n)

Cr(OH) 3 + 2OH -  CrO 4 2- + H 2 O . 5

161
5 n 
2.68
(b) Balance H atoms by adding 3OH - to the L.H.S. and
3H 2 O to R.H.S. 8.05 535
n  5  2
2.68 268
Cr(OH) 3 + 2OH - + 3OH -  CrO 4 2- + H 2 O + 3H 2 O

(c) Balance the charge by adding 3e - to the R.H.S. O BJECTIVE PROBLEMS

Cr(OH) 3 + 5OH -  CrO 4 2- + 4H 2 O + 3e - 1. Oxidation is defined as
(B) Balancing of the reduction half reaction. IO 3 -  I - a) gain of protons

(a) Balance oxygen atoms as per rule, b) decrease in positive valence

IO 3 - + 3H 2 O  I - + 6OH - c) loss of electrons

(b) H atoms are balanced . d) decrease in negative valence

(c) Balance charge by adding 6 electrons to the L.H.S. 2. Reduction is defined as

IO 3 - + 3H 2 O + 6e -  I - + 6OH - a) increase in positive valency

Step (iii) and (iv) Balance the number of electrons lost b) gain of electrons
in oxidation and gained during reduction by c) loss of protons
multiplying balanced oxidation half equation by 2 and
reduction half equation by 1. d)decrease in negative valency

2Cr(OH) 3 + 10OH -  2CrO 4 2- + 8H 2 O + 6e - 3. A reducing agent is a substance that

IO 3 - + 3H 2 O + 6e -  6OH - + I - a) may give oxygen to another substance

b) may increase the proportion of electronegative

constituents of substance
Add, 2Cr(OH) 3 + 4OH - + IO 3 -  2CrO 4 2- + I - + 5H 2 O
c) may transfer an electron to another substance or
Charge 0 -4 -1 -4 -1 0
group of substances

d) all of the above e) none of the above

No charge -5 -5

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4. The oxidation number of nitrogen in NH 2 OH is 14. In a reaction between zinc and iodine in which zinc
iodide is formed, which is oxidized?
a) +1 b) -1
a) Zinc ions b) Iodide ions
c) -3 d ) -2
c) Zinc atom d) Iodine
5. Carbon has the lowest oxidation state in
15. The burning of hydrogen is called
a) CH 4 b) CCl 4
a) hydrogenation b) hydration
c) CF 4 d) CO 2
c) oxidation d) reduction
6. A solution of sulphur dioxide in water reacts with 16. Which one of the following reactions involves
H 2 S precipitating sulphur. Here sulphur dioxide acts as oxidation-reduction?

a) an oxidizing agent b) a reducing agent a) NaBr+HCl NaCl+HBr

c) an acid d) a catalyst b) HBr+AgNO 3 AgBr+HNO 3

7. Oxygen has an oxidation state of +2 in the compound

c) 2NaOH+H 2 SO 4 Na 2 SO 4 +2H 2 O
a) H 2 O 2 b) CO 2 c) H 2 O d) OF 2
d) H 2 +Br 2 2HBr
8. Oxidation state of oxygen atom is potassium
superoxide is 17. Addition of zinc powder to CuSO 4 solution
precipitates copper due to
a) 0 (zero) b) -½

c) -1 d) -2 a) reduction of Cu ++ b) reduction of SO 4

9. The oxidation number and covalency of sulphur in c) reduction of Zn d) hydrolysis of CuSO 4

the sulphur molecule (S 8 ) are respectively
18. In the reaction between acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 and iron
a) 0 and 2 b) 6 and 8 (II) ions which may be shown by the equation
c) 0 and 8 d) 6 and 2
Cr 2 O 7 2- (aq) +6Fe 2+ (aq) + 14H + (aq)  2Cr 3+ (aq) +
10. The most common oxidation state of an element is
-2 The number of electrons present in its outermost 7H 2 O(1) + 6Fe 3+ (aq)
shell is
a) the colour of the solution changes from green to
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 yellow

11. In the reaction b) the iron (II) ions are reduced

2Ag+  S  g  S  +2H 2 O+SO 2 ; H 2 SO 4 acts as c) the dichromate ions are reduced

d) hydrogen ions are reduced

a)oxidizing agent b) reducing agent
19. Which one of the following reactions is not an
c)dehydrating agent d) none of these
example of redox reaction?
12. In acid solutions the reaction MnO - 4 Mn 2+ is
a) Cl 2 +2H 2 O+SO 2   + +SO 4 2– + 2Cl -
a) oxidized by 3 electrons
b) Cu ++ + Zn  Zn ++ + Cu
b) reduced by 3 electrons
c) 2H 2 + O 2  2H 2 O
c) oxidized by 5 electron

d) reduced by 5 electrons d) HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl -

13.The oxidation state of phosphorus in KH 2 PO 2 is

a) +1 b) +3 c) +5 d) -1

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20. In the following reaction 30. The oxidation number of hydrogen in MgH 2 is

3Br 2 +6CO 3 2- +  r - +BrO 3 - +6HCO 3 - a) +1 b) +2 c) -1 d) -2

a) bromine is oxidized and carbonate is reduced 31. Solution of sodium metal in liquid ammonia is
strongly reducing due to the presence in the solution of
b) bromine is reduced and water is oxidized the following
c) bromine is neither oxidized nor reduced a) Sodium atoms b) Solvated electrons
d) bromine is both oxidized and reduced c) Sodium hydride d) Sodium amide
21. In Ni(CO) 4 the oxidation state of Ni is 32. In an oxidation process oxidation number.

a) 0 b) 4 a) increases

c) 8 d) 2 b) decreases

22. Which is the strongest reducing agent? c) does not change

a) Cl 2 b) Cl - d) first decreases and then increases

33. Hydrogen and iodine combine to form hydrogen

c) Br 2 d) I - iodide. What is being oxidized?

23. Phosphorus has the oxidation state of +3 in a) Hydrogen atom b) Hydrogen ion

a) phosphorus acid b) orthophosphoric acid c) Iodine atom d) Iodide ion

c) metaphosphoric acid d) pyrophosphoric acid 34. An oxidation number that iron does not exhibit in
its common compounds or in its elemental state is
24. Chlorine is in +1 oxidation state in
a) 0 b) +1 c) +2 d) +3
a) HCl b) HClO 4 c) ICl d) Cl 2 O
35. When KMnO 4 is reduced with oxalic acid in acidic
25. The charge on cobalt in [Co(CN) 6 ] 3- is
solution. the oxidation number of Mn changes from
a) -6 b) -3 c)+3 d)+6
a) 7 to 4 b) 6 to 4
26. In which compound oxidation state of nitrogen is
c) 7 to 2 d) 4 to 2
-1?
36. The oxidation number of carbon in CH 2 Cl 2 is
a) NO b) N 2 O c) NH 2 OH d) N 2 H 4
a) -4 b) +4 c) +2 d) 0
27. The oxidation state of nitrogen in N 3 H is
37. The characteristic oxidation number of atom in free
a) + 1/3 b) +3 c) -1 d) -1/3 metals is
28. When SO 2 is passed through acidic solution of a) zero b) one
potassium dichromate, then chromium sulphate is
c) minus one d) any number
formed. The change in valency of chromium is
38. Maximum oxidation state of phosphorus is found in
a) +4 to +2 b) +5 to +3
the following.
c) +6 to +3 d) +7 to +2
a) H 3 PO 4 b) H 4 P 2 O 5
29. In the reaction
c) H 3 PO 5 d) H 4 P 2 O 6
Cr 2 O 7 - - + 14 H + + 6I -  2Cr 3+ + 7 H 2 O + 3I 2
39. The strongest reducing agent is
which element is reduced?
a) HNO 2 b) H 2 S
a) I b) O c) H d) Cr
c) H 2 SO 3 d) SnCl 2

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40. The highest oxidation state of Mn is shown by 48. Which of the following acts as an oxidising agent
both in neutral and alkaline media?
a) KMnO 4 b)K 2 MnO 4
a) K 2 Cr 2 O 7 b) KMnO 4
c)MnO 2 d)Mn 2 O 3 e) MnO
c) Cl 2 d) CrO 3
41. What is the valence. of manganese in K 2 MnO 4 ?
49. KMnO 4 acts as an oxidizing agent in
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 7
a) acidic medium b) alkaline medium
42. Strongest reducing agent is
c) neutral medium d) all the above media
a) K b) Mg c) Al d) Ba
50. The oxyacid which acts both as oxidizing and
e) F
reducing agent is
43. The oxidation number of sulphur in Na 2 S 4 O 6 is
a) H 2 SO 3 b) H 3 PO 4
a) 2.5
c) HNO 2 d) HClO 4
b) 2 and 3 (two S have +2 and the other- two have +3)

c) 2 and 3 (three S have +2 and one S has +4) P ROBLEM F OR PRACTICE

d) 5 and 0 (two S have + 5 and the other two -S 1. Indicate the Oxidation Number of underlined in each
have 0) case .

44. In the reaction (a) K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (b) CH 2 O

C+4HNO 3 = CO 2 + 2H 2 O + 4NO 2 ; HNO 3 act as (c) Ni(CO) 4 (d) NH 2 OH

a) an oxidizing agent (e) (N 2 H 5 ) 2 SO 4 (f) Mg 3 N 2

b) an acid (g) [Co(NH 3 ) 5 Cl]Cl 2 (h) K 2 FeO 4

c) an acid as well as oxidising agent (i) H 2 SO 4 (j) CS 2

d) a reducing agent (k) S -2 (l) Na 2 S 4 O 6 (m)S 2 Cl 2

45. Which of the following reaction involves neither (n) RNO 2 (o)Pb 3 O 4
oxidation nor reduction? (p) S 2 O 8 -2 (q)C 6 H 12 O 6

a) CrO 4 2- Cr 2 O 7 2- b) Cr CrCl 3 (r) Mg 3 P 2 O 7 (s) KClO 3

2. Find the oxidation number of bold lettered atoms .

c) Na Na + d) 2S 2 O 3 2– S 4 O 6 2-
(a) Mn in K 2 MnO 4 , K 2 MnO 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , MnSO 4 , K 3 MnF 6 ,
e) VO 2+ V 2 O 2 MnO 2 .

(b) Cr in CrO 2 Cl 2 , Na 2 Cr 3 O 10 , Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .

46. A compound of Xe and F is found to have 53 .5%
Xe. What is oxidation number of Xe in this compound ? (c) C in CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 , H 2 C 2 O 4 , CO 2 .

a) -4 b) 0 (d) O in O 2 , O 3 , OF 2 , BaO 2 .

c) +4 d) +6 (e) S in Na 2 S 2 O 3 , S 4 , S 8 , Na 2 S 2 O 7

47. The oxidation number of the arsenic atom in (f) N in NH 3 , NH 2 OH, NaN 3 , NH 4 NO 2 .
H 3 AsO 4 is
(g) Cl in Cl 2 , HOCl, Cl 2 O, ClO 2 , KClO 3 , Cl 2 O 7 .
a) -1 b)-3 (h) P in H 3 PO 4 , H 3 PO 3 , HPO 3 , P 2 O 5 .
c) +3 d) +5

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3. Find the oxidation number of bold lettered atoms . (c) H 2 C 2 O 4 + K 2 MnO 4  CO 2 + K 2 O + Mn 2 O 3 + H 2 O

SnS 3 -2 ,S 2 O 3 2- ,S 2 O 7 -2 ,NH 4 + ,ClO 2 - ,P 2 O 7 -4 ,O 2 -2 , 10. Write complete balanced equation for the following
in acidic medium :
C 2 O 4 -2 ,Cr 2 O 7 -2 ,MnO 4 - ,

NO 2 1 ,Al 2 O 3 ,K 2 TaF 7 ,(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ,K 2 PtCl 6 ,LiH,CaH 2 , H

(a) ClO 3 - + Fe +2  
 Cl - + Fe +3 + H 2 O
ICl 3
H
Be 3 N 2 ,Na 2 Fe(CN) 5 NO,KCrO 3 .Cl,F 2 H 2 ,Co(NH 3 ) 6 +3 , (b) CuS + NO 3 -  
 Cu +2 + S 8 + NO + H 2 O

CuH,O 2 F 2 H
(c) N 2 O 4 + BrO 3 -   NO 3 - + Br -
Pb 3 O 4 , Cs 2 XeF 8 , Na 4 XeO 6 H 2O

4. Which of the reactants act as oxidant or reductant, if H

(d) S 2 O 3 -2 + Sb 2 O 5  
 SbO + H 2 SO 3
any
11. Write complete balanced equation for the following
(a) Ag(NH 3 ) 2 + + 2H +  Ag + + 2NH 4 +
in basic medium :
(b) PCl 3 + Cl 2  PCl 5
OH 
(a) S 2 O 4 -2 + Ag 2 O   Ag + SO 3 2-
(c) KlO 3 + 5KI + 6HCl  3I 2 + 6KCl + 3H 2 O
(b) Cl 2 + OH -  Cl - + ClO -
(d) 2CuSO 4 + SO 2 + 2KBr + 2H 2 O

 2CuBr + 2H 2 SO 4 + K 2 SO 4 OH 
(c) H 2 + ReO 4 -   ReO 2 + H 2 O

(e) C 2 H 4 + Br 2  C 2 H 4 Br 2
OH 
(d) ClO 2 + SbO 2 -   ClO 2 - + Sb(OH) 6 -
(f) Si + 2KOH + H 2 O  K 2 SiO 3 + 2H 2
(e) I 2 + OH -  I - + IO 3 -
(g) Ca + Cl 2  CaCl 2
12. Balanced the following equations .
(h) 2Cu +2 + 4I -  2CuI + I 2
(a) KMnO 4 +KCl+H 2 SO 4  MnSO 4 +K 2 SO 4 +H 2 O + Cl 2
(i) 2I - + H 2 O 2  2OH - + I 2
(b) Cu + HNO 3  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + NO 2 + H 2 O
5. Explain , why ?
13. Complete and balance the following equations :
(a) H 2 S acts as reductant whereas, SO 2 acts as reductant
and oxidant both. (a) Cu + NO 3 - +…. Cu +2 + NO 2 +….

(b) H 2 O 2 acts as reductant and oxidant both. (b) Cl 2 + IO 3 - + OH -  IO 4 - +….+ H 2 O

6. What may be the values of x in the reaction (c) KMnO 4 +H 2 SO 4 +H 2 O 2 K 2 SO 4 + MnSO 4 + H 2 O +….
2ICl x + 2xK  2xKCl + I 2 ?
(d) MnO 2 + H 2 O 2  MnO 4 - + H 2 O (Basic medium)
7. Calculate the number of electrons lost or gained
(e) I - + H 2 O 2  H 2 O + I 2 (Acid medium)
during the changes :
(f) Cu +2 + I -  Cu + + I 2
(a) 3Fe + 4H 2 O  Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2
(g) CuO + NH 3  Cu + N 2 + H 2 O
(b) AlCl 3 + 3K  Al + 3KCl
(h)H 2 SO 3 +Cr 2 O 7 -2 H 2 SO 4 +Cr +3 + H 2 O(Acid (medium)
8. Six moles of Cl 2 undergo a loss and gain of 10
moles of electrons to form two oxidation states of Cl. 14. Balance the following in acid medium :
Write down the two half reactions and find out the
(a) HCl + KMnO 4  Cl 2 + KCl + MnCl 2 + H 2 O
oxidation number of each Cl atom involved.
(b) KClO 3 + H 2 SO 4  KHSO 4 + HClO 4 + ClO 2 + H 2 O
9. Balance the following equations :
(c) HNO 3 + HBr  NO + Br 2 + H 2 O
(a) H 2 CO 2 + KMnO 4  CO 2 + K 2 O + MnO + H 2 O
(d) IO 4 - + I - + H +  I 2 + H 2 O
(b) H 2 C 2 O 4 + KMnO 4  CO 2 + K 2 O + Mn 2 O 3 + H 2 O

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(e) Br - + BrO 3 - + H +  Br 2 + H 2 O (p) Zn + NaNO 3 + NaOH Na 2 ZnO 2 +NH 3 +2H 2 O
(q)
(f) H 2 S + Cr 2 O 7 2- + H +  Cr 2 O 3 + S 8 + H 2 O
FeCr 2 O 4 +K 2 CO 3 +KClO 3 Fe 2 O 3 +K 2 CrO 4 +KCl+CO 2
(g) Au + NO 3 - + Cl - + H +  AuCl 4 - + NO 2 + H 2 O
(r)
(h) I 2 + Cr 2 O 7 -2
+ H  Cr + +3 -
+ IO 3 + H 2 O Al+KMnO 4 +H 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +K 2 SO 4 +MnSO 4 +H 2 O

(i) Cu 2 O + H + + NO 3 -  Cu +2 + NO + H 2 O OH 
(s) IO 3 - + Br 2   Br - + IO 4 -
(j) MnO 4 -2  MnO 4 -1 + MnO 2
(t) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 +Co(MnO 4 ) 3 CoO+MnO 2 +Pb 3 O 4 + NO
15. Balance the following in basic medium :
17. Balance the following half reactions :
(a) Zn + NO 3 -  ZnO 2 -2 + NH 3
(a) MnO 4 -  Mn +2 (Acid medium)
(b) AsO 3 -3
+ MnO 4  AsO 4
- -3
+ MnO 2
(b) ClO 3 -  Cl - (Basic medium)
(c) Fe 3 O 4 + MnO 4  Fe 2 O 3 + MnO 2
-
18. Fill in the blanks and balance the following
(d) C 2 H 5 OH + MnO 4 -  C 2 H 3 O - + MnO 2 (s) + H 2 O equations:

(e) CrI 3 + H 2 O 2 + OH -  CrO 4 2- + IO 4 - + H 2 O (a) Zn + HNO 3 ….+ N 2 O + …..

(f) KOH + K 4 Fe(CN) 6 +Ce(NO 3 ) 4 (b) HI + HNO 3 ….+ NO + H 2 O

 Fe(OH) 3 +Ce(OH) 3 + K 2 CO 3 + KNO 3 + H 2 O Determine the oxidation no. of following

elements given in bold letters :
16. Balance the following equations using desired
medium : 19. KMnO 4 20. H 2 SO 5

(a) I 2 + S 2 O 3 -2  I - + S 4 O 6 -2 21. H 2 S 2 O 8 22. NH 4 NO 3

(b) Cr 2 O 7 -2 + C 2 H 4 O + H +  C 2 H 4 O 2 + Cr +3 23. K 4 Fe(CN) 6 24. OsO 4

(c) HNO 3 + HCl  NO + Cl 2 + H 2 O 25. HCN 26. HNC

(d) H 2 S + SO 2  S + H 2 O 27. HNO 3 28. KO 2

(e) SbCl 3 + KIO 3 + HCl  SbCl 5 + ICl + H 2 O + KCl 29. Fe 3 O 4 30. KI 3

(f) H 2 O 2 + PbS  PbSO 4 + H 2 O 31. N 3 H 32. Fe(CO) 5

33. Fe 0.94 O 34. NH 2 . NH 2

(g) IO 3 - + HSO 3 -  SO 4 -2 + HSO 4 - + I 2
35. FeSO 4 . (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 .6H 2 O
(h) ClO 3 - + SO 2  ClO 2 + HSO 4 -
36. NOCl 37. NOClO 4
(i) H 2 S + Cl 2  HCl + H 2 SO 4
38. Na 2 [Fe(CN) 5 NO] 39. [Fe(NO)(H 2 O) 5 ]SO 4
(j) As 2 S 5 + HNO 3  H 3 AsO 4 + H 2 SO 4 + NO 2
40. Na 2 S 4 O 6
(k) HI + HNO 3  NO + H 2 O + I 2
41. Dimethyl sulphoxide or (CH 3 ) 2 SO
(l) S + OH -  S -2 + S 2 O 3 -2
42. Na 2 S 2 O 3 43. CrO 5 or CrO(O 2 ) 2
(m)Na 2 S 2 O 3 +KMnO 4 +H 2 ONa 2 S 4 O 6 +MnO 2 +
44. CaOCl 2
KOH + NaOH
45. Balance the following equations :
(n) FeC 2 O 4 + KMnO 4 + H 2 SO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + CO 2 +
(a) BaCrO 4 +KI + HCl  BaCl 2 + I 2 + KCl +
MnSO 4 + K 2 SO 4 + H 2 O
CrCl 3 +H 2 O
(o) AsH 3 + KClO 3  H 3 AsO 4 + KCl
(b) SO 2 + Na 2 CrO 4 + H 2 SO 4  Na 2 SO 4 +

Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +H 2 O

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(c) C 2 H 5 OH + I 2 + OH -  CHI 3 + HCO 2 - + H 2 O + I - e) Cu 2 O + 2H +  Cu + Cu 2+ + H 2 O

(Basic) f) CuS + O 2  Cu + SO 2

(d) As 2 S 3 + HNO 3  H 3 AsO 4 + H 2 SO 4 + NO g) 2HCuCl 2  Cu+Cu 2+ +4Cl - +2H +

dilute with H 2O
(e) ……+HC 2 O 4 -  CO 3 -2 + Cl - (Acid)
8. Which of the following equations represent
(f) HgS + HCl + HNO 3  H 2 HgCl 4 + NO + S + H 2 O oxidation-reduction reactions ? Identify each oxidizing
agent and each reducing agent .
(g) Mn 2 O 7  MnO 2 + O 2
a) K + O 2  KO 2
C HECK YOUR C ONCEPT
b) H 2 O 2 + KOH  KHO 2 + H 2 O
1. If the problem doesn’t state ―acid solution‖ or ―basic
c) Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 
 CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
solution‖ explicitly, how can you tell which type of heat
solution should be assumed ?
d) Cr 2 O 7 2- + 2OH -  2CrO 4 2- + H 2 O
2. In the following reaction, identify the species
e) H 2 O 2  H 2 O + ½ O 2
oxidized, the species reduced, the oxidizing agent, and
the reducing agent . 9. Predict the products of each the following. If no
reaction occurs, write ―nr.‖
Fe 2+ + 2H + + NO 3 -  Fe 3+ + NO 2 + H 2 O
a) Na + ZnCl 2 
3. Predict the highest and lowest possible oxidation
states of each of the following elements (a) Ta (b) Te b) F 2 + NaCl 
(c) Tc (d) Ti (e) Tl.
c) I 2 + Fe 
4. State the maximum positive oxidation state for each
d) I - + Fe 2+ 
of the following elements in any of their compounds
(all of their compounds) : 10. Balance the following oxidation-reduction equation:

(a) Ti (b) Zn (c) C (d) Cl. K + MnO 4 - + K + Cl - + (H + ) 2 SO 4 2- 

5. Which one(s) of the following involve redox Mn 2+ SO 4 2- + (K + )SO 4 2- + H 2 O + Cl 2
reactions ? (a) Burning of gasoline (b) evaporation of
water (c) human respiration (d) preparation of metals P ROBLEMS F OR IIT_JEE
from their ores (e) production by lightning of nitrogen
Comprehension: A
oxides from nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere (f)
production by lightning of ozone (O 3 ) from O 2 (g) Redox reactions play pivotal role in chemistry and
reaction of H 2 SO 4 with NaOH biology. The values of standard redox potential (E 0 ) of
two half cell reactions decide which way the reaction
6. In the process of drying dishes with a dishtowel,
is expected to proceed. A simple example is a Daniel
what may be considered the wetting agent ? The drying
cell in which zinc goes into solution and copper gets
agent ? What happens to the wetting agent ? To the
deposited. Given below are a set of half-cell reactions
drying agent ? In an oxidation-reduction reaction, what
(acidic medium) along with their E (V with respect to
happens to the oxidizing agent? To the reducing agent ?
normal hydrogen electrode) values. Using this data
7. Which of the following are examples of obtain the correct explanations to Questions 1 -3.
disproportionation reactions ? What criteria determine
whether a reaction is a disproportionation ?
I 2  2e  2I  E  0.54

a) Ag(NH 3 ) 2 + + 2H +  Ag + + 2NH 4 + Cl2  2e  2Cl  E  1.36

b) Cl 2 + 2OH -  ClO - + Cl - + H 2 O Mn3  e  Mn2 E  1.50

c) CaCO 3  CaO + CO 2 Fe3  e  Fe2 E  0.77

d) 2HgO  2Hg + O 2 O2 4H   4e  2H 2O E  0.77 [IIT_JEE 2007]

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1. Among the following, identity the correct statement. 8. The oxidation number of V in Cs4 Na (HV10 O28) is
a) Chloride ion is oxidized by O 2 a) + 5 b) + 3

b) Fe2  is oxidized by iodine c) – 5 d) –3

c) Iodide ion is oxidized by chlorine 9. MnO4– + 8H+ + ne  Mn2+ + 4H2O The value of n is-

d) Mn 2+
is oxidized by chlorine a) 5 b) 2
c) 7 d) 4
2. While Fe3 is stable, Mn3 is not stable in acid
solution because 10. ASSERTION-REASON
a) O 2 oxidised Mn 2  to Mn Mn3 The questions given below consist of an Assertion(A)
and Reason(R.)
b) O 2 oxidised both Mn 2  to Mg 3 and Fe2  to Fe3
(a) If both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct
3 explanation of (A).
c) Fe oxidized H 2 O to O 2
d) Mn 3+ oxidized H 2 O to O 2 (b) If both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the
correct explanation of (A).
3. Sodium fusion extract, obtained from aniline, on
treatment with iron (II) sulphate and H 2 SO 4 in presence (c) If (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
of air gives a Prussian blue precipitate. The blue colour (d) If (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.
is due to the formation of (e) If both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
a) Fe4  Fe  CN 6  b) Fe3  Fe CN6  1. Assertion: In H2 SiO3, the oxidation state of Si is + IV,
3 2
Reason: The algebraic sum of the positive and negative
c) Fe2  Fe CN6  d) Fe3  Fe  CN 6  oxidation states of all atoms in a neutral molecule is equal to
2 3

zero.
Comprehension: B
2. Assertion– In aqueous solution, SO 2 reacts with H 2 S
KMnO 4 oxidises NO 2 – to NO 3 –
in basic medium.
liberating sulphur.
4. Balanced equation is-
Reason– SO 2 is an effective reducing agent.
a) 5NO2– + 2 MnO4– + 6 H+  5NO3– + Mn 2+ + 3H2O
3. Assertion– Fluorine acts as a stronger reducing
b) NO2– + MnO4– + H +  NO3– + 2 Mn 5+ + H2O agent than oxygen.
c) NO2– + H2O  NO3– + 2 H+ Reason–Fluorine in more electronegative.
–
d) MnO4 + 8H + 5 e + –
 Mn 2+
+ 4H2O 4. Assertion– PbCl 2 is more stable than PbCl 4 .

5. Equivalent weight of KMnO4 is - Reason– PbCl 4 is a powerful oxidizing agent.

a) M/5 b) M/3 c) M/2 d) M 5. Assertion– Identification of cathode and anode is

done with the help of thermometer.
6. The number of moles of NO2– are oxidised by 1 mole of
KMnO4 are:- Reason– Higher is the value of reduction potential,
greater would be its reducing power.
a) 1 mole b) 3/2 mole c) 2/3 mole d) 3 mole
6. Assertion– Zinc reacts with H 2 SO 4 to give H 2 gas
Comprehension: C
but copper does not.
A redox change is one in which a reductant is oxidized to
Reason– Zinc has higher reduction potential than
liberate electrons which are then used up by an oxidant to get
copper.
itself reduced. A redox change occur simultaneously.
7. Assertion– Absolute electrode potential can be
7. C6H5CHO 
NaOH
 C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COONa. easily measured by using vacuum tube voltmeter .
above reaction is Reason– Oxidation or reduction cannot takes place
a) Inter molecular redox alone.
b) Intra molecular redox 8. Assertion– Sulphur dioxide and chlorine are both
c) Auto redox bleaching agents.

d) None Reason– Both are reducing agents.

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9. Assertion– Hydrogen peroxide acts only as oxidizing
A DVANCE LEVEL
agent only. (H 2 O 2  H 2 O+O)
Reason– All peroxides behave as the oxidizing agent O BJECTIVE PROBLEMS
only .
1. When potassium permanganate is added to acidified
10. Assertion– HClO 4 is stronger acid than HClO 3 .
solution of ferrous sulphate
Reason– Oxidation state of Cl in HClO 4 is +VII and in
HClO 3 it is +V. a) potassium ion is reduced

b) manganese ion is oxidizing

M ATCH THE COLUMN
c) ferrous ion is oxidized
11.
d)acid is neutralized,

List I List II 2. In the reduction of dichromate by iron (II). the

number of electrons involved per chromium atom is
Reaction Type of Redox Reaction
a) one b) three
(A) Fe + N2H4  NH3 + Fe (OH)2 (P) Auto Redox
c) four d) five

3. The oxidation number of Na in Na 2 O is

(B) 2Mn2O7  4MnO2 + 3O2 (Q) Intermolecular redox
a) 1 b) 2

(C) 2KOH+Br2  KBr + KBrO

(S) Intramolecular redox c) 1/2 d) 3

4. Carbon reacts with oxygen to form two oxides, CO

and CO 2 This is because

12.
a) carbon has two crystalline forms

List I List II b) carbon has two oxidation states

Reaction Number of electrons lost or c) oxygen donates as well as accepts electrons

gained during the change d) oxygen has a strong affinity for carbon

(A) 3 Fe + 4H2O  Fe3 O4 + (P) 3 5. A reducing agent is a substance which can

4H2
a) accept electrons b) donate electrons
(B) AlCl3 + 3K  Al + 3KCl (Q) 5
c) accept protons d) donate protons

(C) Cr2O72–+3C2H4O + 8H+ (R) 8 6. Starch iodide paper is used to test for the presence of
 3C2 H4O2 + 2Cr3+ + 4H2O a) iodine b) iodide ion
(D) Al+Fe3 O4  Al2 O3+Fe (S) 24
c) oxidizing agents d) reducing agents

7. In which one of the following reactions is hydrogen

(E) AS2S3+HNO3  H3ASO4 (T) 84 acting as an oxidizing agent?
+ H2SO4 + NO
a) With iodine to give hydrogen iodide

b) With lithium to give lithium hydride

c) With nitrogen to give ammonia

d) With sulphur to give hydrogen sulphide

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8. Co (s) +Cu 2+ (aq)  Co +2 + Cu (s) The above reaction 16. Change of hydrogen into hydrogen ions is

is a) oxidation of hydrogen b)acid base reaction

a) oxidation reaction b) reduction reaction c)reduction of hydrogen d)displacement reaction

c) redox reaction d) none of these 17. What would happen when a small quantity of H 2 O 2

9. The violent reaction between sodium and water is an is added to a solution of FeSO 4 ?
example of
a) Colour disappears
a) reduction b) oxidation
b) H 2 is evolved
c) redox reaction d) neutralization reaction
c) An electron is added to Fe ++
10. The compound that can work both as an oxidizing
and reducing agent is d) An electron is lost by Fe ++
a) potassium permanganate 18. In the preparation of chlorine from HCl, MnO 2 acts
b) hydrogen peroxide as

c) barium peroxide a) reducing agent b) oxidizing agent

d) potassium dichromate c) catalytic agent d) dehydrating agent

11. Which of the following change takes place when 19. White P reacts with caustic soda. The products are
lead monoxide is converted into lead nitrate ? PH 3 and NaH 2 PO 2 . This reaction is an example of

a) Oxidation a)oxidation b)reduction

b) Reduction c)oxidation and reduction d) neutralization
c) Neither oxidation nor reduction 20. One mole of N 2 H 4 loses 10 moles of electrons to
d) Both oxidation and reduction form a new compound, Y. Assuming that all nitrogen
appear in the new compound , what is the oxidation
12. Which of these substances is a good reducing
state of nitrogen in Y. (There is no change in the
agent?
oxidation state of hydrogen)
a) Hydrogen iodide b) Sodium hypochlorite
a) -1 b) -3
c) Ferric chloride d) Potassium bromide
c) +3 d) +5
13. If H 2 S is passed through an acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7
21. In the substance Mg(HxO 3 ) 2 , the oxidation number
solution. the colour of the solution.
of x is
a) will remain unchanged
a) 0 b) +2
b) will change to deep red
c) +3 d) +4
c) will change to green
22. Magnesium reacts with acids producing hydrogen
d) will change to dark brown and corresponding magnesium salts. In such reactions
14. When Fe metal is rusted then magnesium under goes

4Fe+3O 2 2 Fe 2 O 3 Here Fe is a) oxidation

b) reduction
a) oxidized b)reduced
c) neither oxidation nor reduction
c)hydrolysed d) precipitated
d) simple dissolution
15. The oxidation number of Cr in K 2 Cr 2 O 7 is

a) +3 b) +6 c) +5 d) +7

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23. Oxidation state of elemental carbon is a) oxidized b) reduced

a) 0 b) 1 c) oxidized as well as reduced

c) 2 d) 4 e) none d) neither oxidized nor reduced

24. In which of the following compounds iron has 34. The oxidation number of chlorine, in HOCl is
lowest oxidation state?
a) -1 b) 0 c) +1 d) +2
a) FeSO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 6H 2 O
35. Oxidation number of nitrogen is maximum in which
b) K 4 Fe(CN) 6 of the following?

c) Fe(CO) 5 a) N 2 O 4 b) NH 3 c) NO - 3 d) HNO 2 -

d) Fe 0.94 O 36. Positive oxidation number of an element indicates

that it
25. Select the compound in which chlorine is assigned
the oxidation number +5. a) is in element form b) has been oxidized

a) HClO 4 b) HClO 3 c) has been reduced d) does not change

37. The oxidation number of sulphur is

c) HClO 2 d) HClO
a) 0 b) +2 c) +4 d) +6
26. The oxidation number of carbon in CH 2 O is
38. The oxidation number of chromium in the
a) -2 b) +2 c) 0 d) +4 dichromate ion is

27. The oxidation no. chlorine in KClO 3 is a) +4 b) +3 c) +6 d) +2

a) +5 b) +4 c) +6 d) +7 39. The oxidation number of manganese in MnO - 4 is

28. If three electrons are lost by a metal ion M + the a)+7 b) -7 c) -1 d) +1

final oxidation number of the metal will be
40. The most important oxidation state of Cu is
a) 0 b) +6 c) +2 d) +4
a) +1 b) +2 c) +3 d) +4
29. When H 2 SO 3 is converted into H 2 SO 4 , the change
41. Of the following the one that indicates oxidation is
in the oxidation state of sulphur is from
a) Sn 4+ +Sn 2+ b) Cl 0 Cl -
a) 0 t o +2 b) +2 to +4

c) +4 to +2 d) +4 to +6 c)Fe 2+ Fe 3+ d) Pb 2+ Pb

30. In the conversion of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 to K 2 CrO 4 the 42. Oxidation number of S in H 2 S 2 O 7 is

oxidation number of chromium
a) +4 b) -6 c) -5 d) +6
a) increases b) remains the same
43. Oxidation number of sulphur in Na 2 SO 4 is
c) decreases d) none
a) -2 b) +6 c) +2 d) -6
31. Oxidation number of bromine in KBrO 4 is
44. The oxidation number of nitrogen in NO is
a) +1 b) +3 c) +5 d) +7
a)+1 b)+2 c) +3 d) +4
32. What is the oxidation number of oxygen in
45. A compound having oxygen in +2 oxidation state is
hydrogen peroxide ?
a) SO 2 b) CO 2 c) H 2 O 2 d) OF 2
a) -2 b) +2 c) -1 d) +1
46. The atomic number of an element which shows the
33. In the reaction
oxidation state of +3 is
Cl 2 +OH - Cl - + ClO - 3 +H 2 O chlorine is
a) 13 b) 32 c) 33 d) 17

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47. The oxidation states of the most electronegative
element in the products of the react ion. BaO 2 with dil. 3. Which is more likely to be the structure for the
NO2 ion?
H 2 SO 4 are
[N = O — O] - or [O = N —O] -
a) 0 and -1 b) -1 and -2

c) -2 and 0 d) -2 and +1
4. The ion A n+ is oxidised to AO3 by Mn O4 , changing
48. Oxidation number of Fe in K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] is to Mn 2+ in acidic solution, Given that 2·68 × 10 -3 mol

a) +2 b) +3 c) +1 d) +4 of A n+ requires 1·61 × 10 -3 mol of MnO4 . What is the

value of n?
49. When I  is reacted with alkaline MnO 4 – , the
5(i). Write a balance equation of Zn with HNO 3 to give
product is
NH 4 NO 3 , NO 2 and NO in ratio of 2:3:7?
a) IO 3 – b) I 2 c) IO – d) IO 4 – .

[IIT Screening 2004] (ii). Write a balanced equation of Fe with HNO 3 to give
Fe(NO 3 ) 2 and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 in ratio of 2 : 5 and NO 2 , NO,
50. Which of the following chemical reactions depicts the N 2 O and N 2 in ratio of first four consecutive prime nos.
oxidizing behaviour of H2SO4 ?

a) NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl (iii).Write a balanced equation of MnS with HNO 3 to
give MnO 2 and SO 2 , SO 3 (in ratio of 1:4)
b) 2PCl5 + H2SO4  2POCl3 + 2HCl + SO2Cl2
(iv). Write a balanced equation of FeCr 2 O 4 with
c) 2 HI + H2SO4  I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O Na 2 CO 3 in presence of O 2 to give Fe 2 O 3 , Na 2 CrO 4 and
d) Ca (OH)2 + H2SO4  CaSO4 + 2H2O CO 2 .

(v). Write a balanced equation of Hg 2 (CN) 2 with Ce 4+

[AIEEE 2006]
to give CO 3 2- , NO 3 - , Hg(OH) 2 and Ce 3+ by considering
51. What products are expected from the disproportionation
(a) the carbon in Hg 2 (CN) 2 to be in the +4 oxidation
reaction of hypochlorous acid ?
state and nitrogen to be in + 3 oxidation state
a) HCl and Cl2O b) HCl and HClO3
(b) the carbon in Hg 2 (CN) 2 to be in +4 oxidation state
c) HClO3 and Cl2O d) HClO2 and HClO4 and N to be in +5 oxidation state.

[AIEEE 2006] (c) the Hg to be +2 and C to be –4 in Hg 2 (CN) 2

A DVANCE LEVEL PROBLEMS (d) the C to be +5 and N to be +2 in Hg 2 (CN) 2 .

1. BCl 3 can be assigned two structures (vi). Write the balanced chemical equation of heating
Cl Cl of Na 2 S 2 O 3 to give Na 2 SO 4 , Na 2 S and S.

Cl — B Cl = B
(vii). Write the balanced chemical equation of FeS with
Cl Cl K 2 Cr 2 O 7 in H 2 SO 4 to give Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and S

(I) (II)
(viii) Balanced (by Ion electron method)
Using formal charges of each atom, which structure is
preferred? (a) C 2 H 5 OH+I 2 +OH - CHI 3 +HCOO - + I - + H 2 O

2. N 2 O can be assigned two structure (b) As 2 S 2 +NO 3 - +H + H 3 AsO 4 +H 2 SO 4 +a NO 2 + b NO

N=N=O N=O=N (a : b = 3 : 5)

(I) (II) (c) HgS+Cl - + H + + NO 3 - HgCl 4 2- +S+NO+H 2 O

which is better representations based on formal (d) V  HV 6 O 17 3- + H 2 (alkaline med.)

charges.

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(e) Zn + As 2 O 3  AsH 3 (acid soln.) P ROBLEMS F OR IIT & R OORKEE
(f) Zn + ReO 4  Re
- -
(acid soln.)
1. Identify the reactants, if any, oxidized or reduced.

M ULTIPLE CHOICE Q UESTION : AlCl 3 + K  Al + 3KCl [IIT 1970]

1. The oxidation number of Cr = +6 in 2. Identify the substance acting as oxidant or reductant

reduced if any in following:
a) FeCr 2 O 4 b) KCrO 3 Cl
BaCl 2 + Na 2 SO 4  BaSO 4 + 2NaCl [IIT 1970]

c) CrO5 d) Cr  OH 4  3. Indicate in each reaction which of the reactant is
oxidized or reduced
2. Which of the following are not redox reactions?
2CusO 4 + 4KI  2CuI + I 2 + 2K 2 SO 4
a) Mg  N2  Mg3 N2
[IIT 1971]
b) K4  Fe CN 6   H 2SO 4  H 4O  K 2SO 4 CO  FeSO 4  NH 42 SO 4
4. Identify the substance acting as oxidant or reductant
reduced if any in following:
c) I 2O3Cl2  ICl3
SO 2 + 2H 2 S  3s + H 2 O [IIT 1972]
d) CuSO4  NH3  Cu  NH3 4  SO4
5.Identify the reactants, if any, oxidized or reduced.

3. Which of the following are redox reactions? (a) SnCl 2 + Br 2  SnCl 2 · Br 2 [IIT 1972]

a) NaIO3  NaHSO3  NaHSO4  Na2 SO4  I 2  H 2O (b) 2CuSO 4 + 4KI  Cu 2 I 2 + K 2 SO 4 + I 2

[IIT 1972]
b) FeCl3  K4  Fe  CH 6   KCl  Fe4  Fe  CN 6 
3
(c) NH 4 NO 2  N 2 + 2H 2 O [IIT 1972]
c) AgCl  Na2 S2O3  Na3  Ag  S2O3 2   NaCl (d) CaC 2 + 2H 2 O  Ca(OH) 2 + C 2 H 2

d) NaBiO3  MnSO4  HNO3  [Roorkee 1972]

(e) SnS 2 + S -2  SnS 3 -2 [IIT 1972]

HMnO4  Bi  NO3 3  NaNO3  Na2 SO4  H 2O
6. Balance the following in acid medium:
4. Which among the following are examples of
(a) Cu +2 + SO 2  Cu + + SO 4 -2
autoredox reactions?
(b) Cl 2 + I 2  IO 3 - + Cl - [IIT 1972]
a) P4  OH   H 2 PO4  PH3
7. Determine the oxidation no. of nitrogen in.
2 2
b) S2O 3  SO  S4
NH 2 ·NH 2 [IIT 1974]

8. Indicate the Oxidation Number of underlined in each

c) H 2O2  H 2O  O2
case.

d) AgCl  NH3   Ag  NH3 2  Cl (a) NaNO 2 . [IIT 1974]

(b) H 2 [IIT 1974]

5. The oxidation number of S = +6 in
(c) Cl 2 O 7 [IIT 1974]
a) peroxomonosulphuric acid (Caro's acid)
9. Determine the oxidation no. of Mn in KMnO 4
b) peroxodisulphuric acid (Marshall's acid)
[IIT 1975]
c) pyrosulphuric acid (oleum)
10. Indicate the Oxidation Number of underlined in
d) sodium thiosulphate (hypo) each case.

(a) KCrO 3 Cl (b) BaCl 2 [IIT 1975]

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11. State which of the following changes are oxidation, 20.Arrange the following in order of increasing
reduction both or none. oxidation no. I 2 , HI, HIO 4 , ICl [IIT 1986]

(i) Na  NaOH 21. Balance the following equation:

(ii) Cl 2  Cl - + ClO 3 - (a) Cr 2 O 7 -2 + I - + H +  Cr +3 + I 2 + H 2 O

(iii) P 2 O 5  H 4 P 2 O 7 . [IIT 1976] [Roorkee 1986]

12. Identify the substance acting as oxidant or (b) Ag + + AsH 3  H 3 AsO 3 + H + +… [IIT 1986]
reductant if any in the following
22. The composition of a sample of wustite is
3l 2 + 6NaOH  NalO 3 + 5NaI + 3H 2 O Fe 0·93 O 1·00 .What percentage of iron is present in the
form of Fe III? [IIT 1994]
[Roorkee 1977]
23. Which is the best description of the behaviour of
13. Identify the reactants, if any, oxidized or reduced.
bromine in the reaction given below?
(a) NaH + H 2 O  NaOH + H 2
H 2O  Br2  HOBr  HBr
(b) 2FeCl 3 + H 2 S  2FeCl 2 + S + 2HCl
a) Reduced only
(c) 3Mg + N 2  Mg 3 N 2 . [Roorkee 1978]
b) Proton acceptor only
14. Determine oxidation number of bold lettered
c) Both oxidized and reduced
atoms in following:
d) Oxidized only [AIPMT 2004]
(a) 8KClO 3 + 24HCl  8KCl + 12H 2 O + 9Cl 2 + 6ClO 2
24. The oxidation state of chromium in the final
(b) 3I 2 + 6NaOH  NaIO 3 + 5NaI + 3H 2 O
product formed by the reaction between KI and
[IIT 1979] acidified potassium dichromate solution is

15. Complete and balance the following equation: a) +4 b) +6 c) +2 d) +3 [AIEEE-2005]

H 2 S + K 2 CrO 4 + H 2 SO 4 … [IIT 1980]

ANSWER SECTION
16. One mole of N 2 H 4 loses 10 mole electrons to from a
new compound Y. Assuming that all the N 2 appears in
new compound, what is oxidation state of N in Y? Objective Problems :
There is no change in oxidation state of H.
1c 2b 3c 4b 5a 6a
[IIT 1981]
7d 8b 9a 10c 11a 12d
17. Indicate in each reaction which of the reactant is
oxidized or reduced 13a 14c 15c 16d 17a 18c

2MnO 4 - +16H + +5C 2 O 4 -2 2Mn +2 +8H 2 O+10CO 2 . 19d 20d 21a 22d 23a 24d

[Roorkee 1981] 25c 26c 27d 28c 29d 30c

18. Indicate in each reaction which of the reactant is 31b 32a 33a 34b 35c 36d
oxidized or reduced 37a 38c 39d 40a 41c 42a
Ca + H 2  CaH 2 [Roorkee 1982] 43a,d 44a 45a 46d 47d 48b
19. Balance the following equation: 49d 50c
-3
+ MnO 4  AsO 3
- -3
(a) AsO 3 + MnO 2 + H 2 O
Problems For Practice :
(Basic medium)
1. (a) +6 (b) 0, (c) 0, (d) –1, (e) –2 (f) +2 (g) +3 (h) +6
[Roorkee 1983] (i) +6 (j) –2 (k) –2 (l) +5/2 (m) +1 (n) +3 (o) +8/3
(p) +6 (q) 0 (r) +4 (s) +5

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2. (a) +6, +4, +8/3, +2, +3, +4 (b) +6, +6, +3 (d) 3H 2 O 2 + 2MnO 2 + 2OH -  2MnO 4 - + 4H 2 O

(c) –4, -3, -8/3, -2, -1, +3, +4 (d) 0,0,+2,-1 (e) 2Cu +2 + 2I -  2Cu + + I 2

(e) +2,0,0,+6 (f) –3,-1,-1/3,-3, +3 (f) 2Cu +2 + 2I -  2Cu + + I 2

(g) 0,+1,+1,+4,+5,+7 (h) +5,+3,+5,+5 (g) 3CuO + 2NH 3  3Cu + N 2 + 3H 2 O
3. +4, +2, +6, -3, +3, +5, -1, +3, +6, +7, +3, +3, +5, +6, (h) 3H 2 SO 3 + Cr 2 O 7 -2 + 8H +
+4, +1, +2, +3, +2, +2, +6, -1, +3, -1, +1, +8/3, +6, +8
 3H 2 SO 4 + 2Cr +3 + 4H 2 O
4. None, Cl 2 , KIO 3 , CuSO 4 , Br 2 , KOH, Cl 2 , Cu +2 , H 2 O 2
Reductant : None, PCl 3 , KI, SO 2 , C 2 H 4 , Si, Ca, I - , I - 14.

6. 1 or 3 or 5 (a) 16HCl + 2KMnO 4

7. (a) 8 electrons, (b) 3 electrons  5Cl 2 + 2KCl + 2MnCl 2 + 8H 2 O

8. +5 ; -1; 6 Cl 2  2Cl +5 + 10Cl - (b) 3KClO 3 + 3H 2 SO 4

9. (a)5H 2 CO 2 +2KMnO 4  3KHSO 4 + HClO 4 + 2ClO 2 + H 2 O

5CO 2 + K 2 O + 2MnO + 5H 2 O (c) 2HNO 3 + 6HBr  2NO + 3Br 2 + 4H 2 O

(b)4H 2 C 4 O 4 +2KMnO 4 8CO 2 +K 2 O+Mn 2 O 3 + 4H 2 O (d) 2IO 4 - + 14I - + 16H +  8I 2 + 8H 2 O

(c)3H 2 C 2 O 4 +2K 2 MnO 4 6CO 2 +2K 2 O+Mn 2 O 3 +3H 2 O (e) 5Br - + BrO 3 - + 6H +  3Br 2 + 3H 2 O

10. (f) 24H 2 S + 8Cr 2 O 7 2- + 16H +  8Cr 2 O 3 + 3S 8 + 32H 2 O

(a) 6H + + ClO 3 - + 6Fe +2  Cl - + 6Fe +3 + 3H 2 O (g) Au + 3NO 3 - + 4Cl - + 6H +  AuCl 4 - + 3NO 2 + 3H 2 O

(b) 24CuS+16NO 3 - +64H + 24Cu +2 +3S 8 +16NO+ 32H 2 O (h) 3I 2 + 5Cr 2 O 7 -2 + 34H +  10Cr +3 + 6IO 3 - + 17H 2 O

(c) 3N 2 O 4 + BrO 3 - + 3H 2 O  6NO 3 - + Br - + 6H + (i) 3Cu 2 O + 14H + + 2NO 3 -  6Cu +2 + 2NO + 7H 2 O

(d) 3S 2 O 3 -2 + 2Sb 2 O 5 + 6H + + 3H 2 O  4SbO + 6H 2 SO 3 (j) 3MnO 4 -2 + 4H +  2MnO 4 -1 + MnO 2 + 2H 2 O

11. 15.

(a) S2O4-2 + Ag2O + 2OH-  2Ag + 2SO3-2 + H2O (a) 4Zn + NO 3 - + 7OH -  4ZnO 2 -2 + 2H 2 O + NH 3

(b) 3AsO 3 -3 + 2MnO 4 - + H 2 O

(b) 2Cl 2 + 4OH -  2Cl - + 2ClO - + 2H 2 O
 3AsO 4 -3 + 2MnO 2 + 2OH -
(c) 3H 2 + 2ReO 4 -  2ReO 2 + 2H 2 O + 2OH -
(c) 6Fe 3 O 4 + 2MnO 4 - + H 2 O
(d) 2ClO 2 + SbO 2 - +2OH - + 2H 2 O  2ClO 2 - + Sb(OH) 6 -1
 9Fe 2 O 3 + 2MnO 2 + 2OH -
(e) 6I 2 + 12OH -  10I - + 2IO 3 - + 6H 2 O
(d)3C 2 H 5 OH+2MnO 4 - +OH -
12.
3C 2 H 3 O - +2MnO 2 (s) + 5H 2 O
(a) 2KMnO 4 + 10KCl + 8H 2 SO 4
(e) 2CrI 3 + 27H 2 O 2 + 10OH -
 2MnSO 4 + 5Cl 2 + 6K 2 SO 4 + 8H 2 O
 2CrO 4 2- + 6IO 4 - + 32H 2 O
(b) Cu + 4HNO 3  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2 O
(f) 258KOH + K 4 Fe(CN) 6 + 61Ce(NO 3 ) 4
13.
61Ce(OH) 3 +Fe(OH) 3 +36H 2 O + 6K 2 CO 3 + 250 KNO 3
(a) Cu + 4H + + 2NO 3 -  Cu +2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2 O
16.
(b) Cl 2 + IO 3 - + 2OH -  IO 4 - + 2Cl - + H 2 O
(a) I 2 + 2S 2 O 3 -2  2I - + S 4 O 6 -2
(c) 2KMnO 4 + 3H 2 SO 4 + 5H 2 O 2
(b) Cr 2 O 7 -2 +3C 2 H 4 O+8H + 3C 2 H 4 O 2 +2Cr +3 +4H 2 O
K 2 SO 4 + 2MnSO 4 + 8H 2 O + 5O 2

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(c) 2HNO 3 + 6HCl  2NO + 3Cl 2 + 4H 2 O 25. +2 26. +2

(d) 2H 2 S + SO 2  3S + 2H 2 O 27. +5 28. – ½

(e) 2SbCl 3 + KIO 3 + 6HCl 29. + 8/3 30. – 1/3

 2SbCl 5 + ICl + 3H 2 O + KCl 31. – 1/3 32. 0

(f) 4H 2 O 2 + PbS  PbSO 4 + 4H 2 O 33. 200/94 34. –2

(g) 2IO 3 - + 5HSO 3 -  2SO 4 -2 + 3HSO 4 - + I 2 + H 2 O 35. +2 36. +3

37. +7 38. +3
(h) 2ClO 3 - + SO 2 + H +  2ClO 2 + HSO 4 -
39. +2 40. + 5/2
(i) H 2 S + 4Cl 2  4H 2 O  H 2 SO 4 + 8HCl
41. 0 42. +2
(j) As 2 S 5 + 40HNO 3
43. +6 44. +1and -1
 5H 3 AsO 4 + 40NO 2 + 2H 3 AsO 4 +12H 2 O
(a) 2BaCrO 4 + 6KI + 16HCl  2CrCl 3 + 3I 2 + 6KCl +
(k) 6HI + 2HNO 3  3I 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O
2BaCl 2 + 8H 2 O
(l) 6OH - + 4S  2S -2 + S 2 O 3 -2 + 3H 2 O
(b) 3SO 2 +2Na 2 CrO 4 +2H 2 SO 4 2Na 2 SO 4 +Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3
(m) 2KMnO 4 + 6Na 2 S 2 O 3 + 4H 2 O
+ 2H 2 O
 3Na 2 S 4 O 6 + 2MnO 2 + 2KOH + 6NaOH
(c) C 2 H 5 OH + 4I 2 + 6OH -  CHI 3 + HCO 2 - + 5I - +
(n) 10FeC 2 O 4 + 6KMnO 4 + 24H 2 SO 4
5H 2 O
 5Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 20CO 2 + 6MnSO 4 + 3K 2 SO 4 + 24H 2 O
(d) 4H 2 O + 3As 2 S 3 + 28HNO 3  6H 3 AsO 4 + 9H 2 SO 4 +
(o) 3AsH 3 + 4KClO 3  3H 3 AsO 4 + 4KCl
28NO
(p) 4Zn + NaNO 3 + 7NaOH
(e) Cl 2 + HC 2 O 4 -  2H 2 O  2Cl - + 2CO 3 -2 + 5H +
 4Na 2 ZnO 2 + NH 3 + 2H 2 O
(f) 3HgS+2HNO 3 +12HCl3H 2 HgCl 4 +2NO+4H 2 O
(q) 6FeCr 2 O 4 +12K 2 CO 3 +7KClO 3
(g) 2Mn2O7  4MnO2 + 3O2
3Fe 2 O 3 +12K 2 CrO 4 +7KCl+12CO 2

(r) 10Al + 6KMnO 4 + 24H 2 SO 4 Problems For IIT-JEE Pattern

6MnSO 4 + 3K 2 SO 4 + 5Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 24H 2 O Comprehension: A
(s) 2OH - + IO 3 - + Br 2  Mn +2 + 4H 2 O 1c 2c 3a
(t) 30Pb(N 3 ) 2 + 44Co(MnO 4 ) 3 Comprehension: B
 132MnO 2 + 44CoO + 180NO + 10Pb 3 O 4 4a 5a 6b

Comprehension: C
17. (a) MnO 4 + 8H + 5e  Mn
- + +2
+ 4H 2 O
7c 8a 9a
(b) ClO 3 + 3H 2 O + 6e  Cl + 6OH
- - -
10. Assertion - Reason
18. (a) 4Zn + 10HNO 3  4Zn(NO 3 ) 2 + N 2 O + 5H 2 O
(1) a (2) b (3) b
(b) 6HI + 2HNO 3  3I 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O
(4) b (5) 5 (6) c
19. +7 20. +6
(7) d (8) c (9) d
21. +6 22. +1
(10) b
23. +2 24. +8

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Match the column or a = 15.05

11. A–Q; B–S; C–P  Percentage of Fe (III) = 15.05%

12. A–R; B–P; C–Q; D – S ; E – T

9. The percentage of iron is present in the form of Fe (II) is
Explanatory Theme 100 – 15.05 = 84.95

1. 2Al0  Al23  6e …… (i) 10. auto redox

8e  Fe38 / 3  3Fe0 …… (ii) 11. Cs4 Na (HV10 O28): 4×1+1×1+[1+ 10 × a + 28 × (–2)] = 0

Multiplying Eq. (1) by 4 and Eq. (2) by 3, then adding  a= +5

8Al0  4Al23  24e

12. Total charge on L.H.S. = total charge on R.H.S.

24e  3Fe38 / 3  9Fe0 (–1) + 8 + (–n) = + 2

8 / 3
or 8Al  3Fe3
0
 4Al23  9Fe 0 n=5
8Al  3Fe3O4  4Al2 O3  9Fe 16. (a) Intermolecular redox reaction: One molecule of
a reactant is oxidised and one molecule of reactant if
Therefore, it is clear that
reduced
Al is oxidized
(b) Intramolecular redox reaction: One atom in a
reactant molecule is oxidised and other atom is reduced
2. Fe 8/3+ is reduced.
as well

3. Total no. of electrons transferred during change = 24 (c) Auto redox or disproportionation: One atom

4. 5NO2– + 2 MnO4– + 6 H+  5NO3– + Mn 2+ + 3H2O

molecule of a reactant is oxidized on the cost of other
atom/molecule of same reactant which is reduced
5. Equivalent weight of KMnO4
Advance level
M.wt.of KMnO 4 M
= 
No.of electron gained 5 Objective Problems :
1c 2b 3a 4b 5b 6c
 MnO-4  Mn +2

 7 2 7b 8c 9c 10b 11c 12a

change in ON = 7 – 2 =5 13c 14a 15b 16a 17d 18b

19c 20c 21d 22a 23a 24c

6. Mn7+ + 3e  Mn2+ ×2
25b 26c 27a 28d 29d 30b
N3+  N5+ + 2e ×3
31d 32c 33c 34c 35c 36b
 2 mole KMnO4  mole NO2–
37a 38c 39a 40b 41c 42d
3
 1mole KMnO4  mole NO2– 43b 44b 45d 46a 47b 48b
2
49a 50c 51b
200
7. Oxidation no. of Fe in wustite is = = 2.15
93

8. It is an intermediate value in between two oxidation state of

Fe as, Fe (II) and (III), Let percentage of Fe (III) be a, then

2 × (100 – a) + 3 × a = 2.15 × 100

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Answers 19.

Multiple Choice Questions: (a) 3AsO 3 -3 + 2MnO 4 - +H 2 O 3AsO 4 -3 + MnO 2 + 2OH -

1.bc 2. b,d 3.a,d 4.a,b,c 5.abc

20. HI < I 2 < ICl < HOI 4 .
Problems From IIT & Roorkee :
-1 0 +1 +7
1. Oxidized: K Reduced: AlCl 3,
21. (a) Cr 2 O 7 -2 + 6I - + 14H +  2Cr +3 + 3I 2 + 7H 2 O
2. No change in Ox. no. of either of the conjugate pair.
None is oxidant or reductant. (b) 6Ag + +AsH 3 +3H 2 O6Ag+6H + +H 3 AsO 3

3. Oxidized: KI Reduced: CuSO 4 .

22. 15·05%
4. For SO 2 : S +4 + 4e  S 0 :
23. D
 SO 2 is oxidant
24. D
For H 2 S : S -2  S 0 + 2e
 H 2 S is reductant. Skill Practice Test
5. Oxidized: (a) SnCl 2 (b) KI,
(c) NH 4 + (d) none Objective Question:
(e) none 1. For the redox reaction,
Reduced: (a) Br 2 (b) CuSO 4
(c) NO 2 - (d) none MnO4  C2O42  H  
 Mn2  CO2  H 2O,
(e) none
the correct coefficients of the reactants for the
6. (a) 2Cu +2 + SO 2 + 2H 2 O  2Cu + + 4H + + SO 4 -2 .
balanced reaction are:
(b) 5Cl 2 + I 2 + 6H 2 O  2IO 3 - + 10Cl - +12H + .
MnO4 C2 O42  H
7. –2

8. (a) +3 (b) 0 (c) +7 a) 2 5 16

9. +7 b) 16 3 12

10. (a) +6 (b) +2 c) 15 16 12

11. (i) Oxidation (ii) both, (iii) none d) 2 16 5

12. For I 2 : I 20 2I +5 +10e and I 20 +2e  2I –1 2. Number of moles of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 that can be
I 2 acts as oxidant and reductant both. reduced by 1 mole of Sn 2+ ions is :

13. Oxidized: NaH, H 2 S, Mg 1 3 5 6

a) b) c) d)
3 2 6 5
Reduced: H 2 O, FeCl 3 , N 2 .

14. (a) +5, -1, 0, +4 3. The reaction,3ClO  (aq) 

 ClO3  aq.  2Cl   aq. , is

(b) 0, +5, -1 an example of:

15. 3H 2 S + 2K 2 CrO 4 + 5H 2 SO 4  Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 a) reduction reaction b) oxidation reaction

+ 2K 2 SO 4 + 8H 2 O + 3S c) disproportionation d) spallation reaction

16. +3 4. When methane is burnt in oxygen to produce
CO 2 and H 2 O, the oxidation number changes by:
17. Oxidized: C 2 O 4 -2 Reduced: MnO 4 -
a) 8 b) zero c) 8 d) 4

18. Oxidized: Ca Reduced: H 2 .

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5. In the redox reaction : 1. A metal ion M 3 loses 3 electrons , its
oxidation number will be
xMnO  yPbO2  zHNO3  HMnO4 Pb  NO3 2  H 2O
a) +3 b) +6 c) 0 d) 3.
a) x  2, y  5, z  10 b) x  2, y  7, z  8
2. In which of the following pairs, there is greatest
c) x  2, y  5, z  8 d) x  2, y  5, z  5 difference in the oxidation number of the
underlined elements?
6. In the ionic equation:
a) NO2 and N 2O4 b) PO5 and P4O10
xCH3CH 2OH  yI 2  zOH   CHI3  HCO2  I   H2O
a) x  1, y  4, z  6 b) x  1, y  6, z  4 c) NO and NO d) SO2 and SO3

c) x  1, y  8, z  12 d) x  1, y  8, z  8 3. The oxidation number and covalency of sulphur

in sulphur molecule (S 8 ) is
7. The oxidation number of carbon is zero in :
a) 0 and 2 b) +6 and 8
a) HCHO b) CH 2 Cl 2 c) C 6 H 12 O 6 d) C 12 H 22 O 11
c) 0 and 8 d) +6 and 2.
8. Which of the following have been arranged in
order of decreasing oxidation number of sulphur? 4. The oxidation number and valency of C in
sucrose (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) is
a) H 2 S2O7  Na2 S4O6  Na2 S2O3  S8
a) +4 and 4 b) +3+ and 0
b) SO2 2  SO42  SO32  HSO4
c) +2+ and 4 d) 0 and 4.
c) H 2 SO5  H 2 SO3  SCl2  H 2 S
Assertion & Reason-
d) H 2 SO4  SO2  H 2 S  H 2 S2O 1. Assertion: Spectator ions are the species that
are present in the solution but do not take part in
9. Oxidation number of carboxylic carbon atom in
the reaction.
CH 3 COOH is :
Reason: The phenomenon of formation of H 2 O 2
a) +2 b) +4 c) +1 d) +3
by the oxidation of H 2 O is known as autoxidation.
10. Which among the following are autoredox
2. Assertion: Oxidation number of carbon in
reactions?
CH 2 O is zero.
a) P4  OH  
 H 2 PO4  PH3
Reason: CH 2 O formaldehyde, is a covalent
2 2
b) S2O 
 SO  S
3 4
compound.

c) H 2O2 
 H 2O  O2 3. Assertion: In HClO 4 oxidation number of
chlorine is 1.
  Ag  NH 3 2  Cl
d) AgCl  NH 3 
Reason: O. No. of chlorine always remain fixed.
Comprehension-1 4. Assertion: Mg s   F2 s   MgF2 s  , magnesium
Valency is the combining capacity of an element. loses electrons and acts as a reducing agent.
It is defined as the number of hydrogen atoms or
double the number of oxygen atoms with which an Reason: Reduction in general means acceptance
atom of the element combines. Whereas the of electrons(s) by a reactant.
oxidation number is the charge which an atom has
or appears to have when present in the combined 5. Assertion: Oxidation number of carbon in
state, valency of an element can neither be zero H  C  N is +4. Reason: Carbon always shows an
nor fractional whereas oxidation number of an oxidation state of +4.
element can be zero or fractional .

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