MODULE 1: SPANISH AS A LANGUAGE

Overview:

Spanish, also known as Español or Castillan, is part of the Indo-European family of

languages, which are spoken by more than a third of the world’s population. It is also the second
most learned and spoken language in the United States. Thus, having learned Spanish is of great
benefit or advantage to any endeavour being done globally.

This particular chapter gives you a glimpse on what are the components of the Spanish
Alphabet and some basic expressions that are commonly used in ordinary conversation.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1.) Enumerate the Spanish Alphabet, diphthongs and triphthongs.

2.) Discuss and deliver some common expressions in Spanish with correct pronunciation

Content:

EL ALFABETO ESPANOL

(The Spanish Alphabet)

A B C CH D E F G H I J K L LL M N Ñ O P Q R RR S T U V X Y Z (before year 2010)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z (present)

The letters of the alphabet are pronounced in Spanish approximately as follows:

A-a as in father, task M-eme as in men, mess, met

B-be as in bell, bed, beckon N-ene as in nest, never, neck
C-ce as in thank Ñ-eñe as in onion, union, opinion
CH-che as in chess, chest, check O-o as in or, open, of
D-de as in dead, desk den P-pe as in pen, per, pest
E-e as in element, emblem Q-cu as in quintuplets, conquest,
F-efe as in felt, fetter R-ere as in red, rent, rest
G-ge as in go RR-doble ere as in deterrent, horror,
H-hache -----(silent in Spanish) as in terrible,
Heir, honor, honest S-ese as in set, service, sell
I-i as in ill, index T-te as in tell, tepid, tent
J-jota as in hotel, home, hermit, habit U-u as in bull, full, pull
K-ka as in Kodak, kin, kit V-uve as in vent, ever, very
L-ele as in let, lemon, less X-equis as in six, mix, fix
LL- doble elle as in million, billion, Y-y griega as in yen, yell,
trillion Z-zeta as in zigzag, zone, zest

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In Spanish, there are fourteen possible diphthongs:

Ai (ay) as in baile = dance

Au as in causa = cause
Ei (ey) as in reina = queen
Eu as in deuda = debt
Oi (oy) as in oigo = I hear
Ia as in viaje = trip
Ua as in cuatro = four
Ie as in bien = well
Io as in diosa = goddess
Uo as in cuota = quota
Ui as in buitre = vulture
Ou as in bou = fishing boat
Iu as in viuda = widow

A triphthong consists of a stressed strong vowel between two weak vowels. There are but four
possible combinations all of which end in “I” (written “y” in the final position.

Iai as in estudiais = you study

Uai (uay) as in fraguais = to forge
Iei as in principieis = may you begin
Uei (uey) as in continueis = may you continue

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 EXPRESIONES COMUNES

(Common Expressions)

1. BUENOS DIAS ………………………. Good morning.

2. BUENAS TARDES ………………………. Good afternoon.
3. BUENAS NOCHES ………………………. Good night or Good evening.
4. GRACIAS ………………………. Thank you.
5. DE NADA ………………………. You are welcome.
6. FELICIDADES ………………………. Congratulations!

7. ¿Como se llama usted? ………………………. What is your name?

- Me llamo Juan de la Cruz ………………………. My name is Juan de la Cruz.
8. ¿Cuantos años tiene usted? ………………………. How old are you?
- Tengo dieciseis años ………………………. I am sixteen years old.
9. ¿Como esta usted? ………………………. How are you?
- Estoy bien, gracias. ………………………. I am fine, thank you.

10. USTED DISPENSE ………………………. Excuse me.

11. PASE USTED ………………………. Come in.
12. RECUERDOS ………………………. Regards.
13. ADIOS ………………………. Goodbye.

14. ¿Que dia es hoy? ………………………. What day is today?

15. Hoy es lunes ………………………. Today is Monday.
16. ¿Que hora es? ………………………. What time is it?
17. Son las dos. ………………………. It is two o’clock.
18. ¿Donde vive usted? ………………………. Where do you live?
19. Yo vivo en la calle España ………………………. I live in España Street.
20. Sientese ………………………. Sit down.
21. Levantese ………………………. Stand up.

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Evaluation: EJERCICIO #1

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: _________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: ______________

Answer the following questions in Spanish. ( x2 each)

1.) ¿Como se llama usted? (put your real name)

Answer:____________________________

2.) ¿Donde vive usted? (town of Dumarao/Tapaz = pueblo de Dumarao/ Tapaz)

Answer: ___________________________

3.) ¿Que dia es hoy? (lunes, marted, miercoles, jueves, viernes, sabado, domingo)

Answer: ___________________________

4.) ¿Que hora es? ( dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce)

Answer: ___________________________

5.) ¿Cuantos años tiene usted? (Diez y siete, diez y ocho, diez y nueve, veinte, veinte y uno,
veinte y dos, veinte y tres, veinte y cuatro, veinte y cinco, veinte y seis, treinta,
cuarenta…)

Answer: ___________________________

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

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 MODULE 2: GENERO Y NUMERO DE NOMBRES, ARTICULOS Y ADJECTIVOS

(GENDER AND NUMBER OF NOUN, ARTICLES)

Overview:

In Spanish, there are certain rules or principles that must be followed in determining the
gender and number of nouns as well as in formulating articles and adjectives in a single thought
or sentence. This particular chapter teaches you how such rules or principles are done.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Discuss the gender and number of nouns, articles and adjectives.

2. Discuss the proper placement of articles and adjectives in a thought or sentence
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies

Content:

I. WHAT IS A NOUN?

Noun = is a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things.

Examples: LGU, Faculty and Staff, Plaza, hospital, book, internet…

II. GENDER of Nouns:

Gender = points to the sex of the noun referent

Three Classifications of Gender: (in English)

a.) MASCULINE = referring to male (ex. Boy, Father, Brother, Juan De la Cruz)
b.) FEMININE = referring to female (ex. Girl, Mother, Sister, Elizabeth)
c.) NEUTER = referring to neither male nor female (ex. Ball, Phone, table, chair)

In Spanish, there are only TWO genders of noun: either MASCULINE or FEMININE
General rule: Spanish nouns ending in “o” are masculine; and those ending in “a” are feminine.

MASCULINO FEMININO

Niño ………………… boy niña …………... girl

Libro …………………. Book pluma ……………pen
Dinero …………………. Money mesa ……………table
Cuarto …………………. Room tinta ……………ink

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Asiento …………………. Seat pizarra ……………blackboard
Vestid…………………. Dress silla ……………….. chair
Telefono …………………. Telephone corbata………………..necktie
Sombrero …………………. Hat puerta ………………..door
Regalo …………………. Gift ventan………...............window
Ojecto …………………. Object Cortina ………………..curtain

III. NUMBER OF NOUNS = refers to the count of a noun.

Singular (Number) = when we speak about one person and one thing
Ex. Boy, girl, ball, pen

Plural (Number) = when we speak about more than one person and more than one thing.
Ex. Boys, girls, balls, pens

In Spanish, nouns ending in “a” vowel, “s” is added to form the plural. Nouns ending in a
consonant, “es” is added to form the plural.

Ending in a VOWEL Ending in a CONSONANT

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Mesa (table) mesas (tables) reloj (watch) relojes

(watches)
Silla (chair) sillas mes (month) meses
Regalo (gift) regalos pais (country) paises
Barco (ship, boat) barcos papel (paper) papeles
Libro (book) libros pared (wall) paredes
Cuaderno (notebook) cuadernos jabon (soap) jabones
Oficina (office) oficinas favor (favor) favores
Carta (letter) cartas nacion (nation) naciones
Casa (house) casas capital (capital) capitales
Sello (stamp) sellos tren (train) trenes

IV. ARTICULOS (articles) = used before a noun to modify a noun.

Articulos Determinados: (Definite Articles)

Examples: el, la, los and las meaning “the”

el …………. (masculino singular) los …………… (masculino plural)

la …………. (feminine singular) las …………… (feminino plural)

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Articulos Indeterminados: (Indefinite Articles)

Examples: un and una meaning “a” or “an”

unos and unas meaning “some” or “ a few”

un ………… (masculino singular) unos …………… (masculino plural)

una …………. (feminine singular) unas …………… (feminino plural)

Nouns are generally preceded by articles and they must agree in gender and in number with the
noun.
Articulo Determinado (Definite Article)

Masculino (Masculine)

Singular Plural

El vestido (the dress) los vestidos (the dresses)

El cuarto (the room) los cuartos (the rooms)
El precio (the price) los precios (the prices)
El dedo (the finger) los dedos (the fingers)
El ojo (the eye) los ojos (the eyes)
El libro (the book) los libros (the books)
El plato (the plate) los platos (the plates)
El Banco (the bench) los bancos (the benches)
El obrero (the worker) los obreros (the workers)

Femenino (Feminine)

La pluma (the pen) las plumas (the pens)

La camisa (the shirt) las camisas (the shirts)
La cuchara (the spoon) las cucharas (the spoons)
La escuela (the school) las escuelas (the schools)
La mesa (the table) las mesas (the tables)
La puerta (the door) las puertas (the doors)
La oficina (the office) las oficinas (the offices)
La silla (the chair) las sillas (the chairs)
La Cortina (the curtain) las cortinas (the curtains)
La bandera (the flag) las banderas (the flags)

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 Articulo Indeterminado (Indefinite Article)

Masculino ( Masculine)

Singular Plural

Un alumno (a student) unos alumnus (some/a few students)

Un objecto (an object) unos objectos (some/a few objects)
Un maestro (a teacher) unos maestros (some/a few teachers)
Un edificio (a building) unos edificios (some/ a few buildings
Un niño (a boy) unos niños (some/a few boys)
Un camino (a way) unos caminos (some/a few ways)
Un brazo (an arm) unos brazos (some/a few arms)
Un vaso (a glass) unos vasos (some/a few glasses)
Un bolso (a purse) unos bolsos (some/a few purses)
Un empleado (an employee) unos empleados (some/a few employees)

Femenino (Feminine)

Singular Plural

una tienda (a store) unas tiendas (some/a few stores)

una falda (a skirt) unas faldas (some/a few skirts)
una jaula (a cage) unas jaulas (some/a few cages)
una madre (a mother) unas madres (some/a few mothers)
una pagina (a page) unas paginas (some/a few pages)
una ventana (a window) unas ventanas (some/a few windows)
una cama (a bed) unas camas (some/a few beds)
una pizarra (a blackboard) unas pizarras (some/a few blackboards)
una maquina (a machine) unas maquinas (some/a few machines)
una caja (a box) unas cajas (some/a few boxes)

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IV: ADJECTIVOS DESCRIPTIVOS (Descriptive Adjectives)

What is an ADJECTIVE? = it is a word used to modify or describe a noun.

Examples: Beautiful girl, wonderful creation, amazing planet, excellent student

General rule: Descriptive adjectives must agree in gender and in number with the noun
modified. Generally, the adjective follows the noun it modifies.

Gender: Adjectives ending in a vowel “o” are masculine: by changing “o” to “a” they become
feminine.

MASCULINO FEMENINO

Bueno (good) buena

Malo (bad) mala
Claro (clear) clara
Limpio (clean) limpia
Corto (short) corta
Mojado (wet) mojada
Alto (tall,high) alta
Seco (dry) seca
Blanco (white) blanca
Sucio (dirty) sucia

Adjectives ending in a vowel “e” are for both masculine and feminine.

Ejemplos:

Singular Plural

Alegre (Happy) alegres

Humilde (humble) humildes
Inteligente (intelligent) inteligentes
Dulce (sweet) dulces
Verde (green) verdes
Pobre (poor) pobres
Elegante (elegant) elegantes
Interesante (interesting) interesantes
Agradable (agreeable) agradables
Triste (sad) tristes
Fuerte (strong) fuertes
Cobarde (coward) cobardes

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 Caliente (hot) calientes
Amable (amiable) amables
Diligente (diligent) diligentes
Grande (big, large) grandes
Valiente (brave,valiant) valientes
Breve (brief) breves
Ferviente (fervent) fervientes

Number: Adjectives ending in a vowel, “s” is added to form the plural; those ending in a
consonant, “es” are added to form the plural.

Ejemplos:

Ending in a vowel Ending in a consonant

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Pequeño (small) pequeños fiel (faithful) fieles

Generoso(generous) generosos cortes (courteous) corteses
Listo (clever) listos joven (young) jovenes
Aplicado (studious) aplicados leal (loyal) leales
Pesado (heavy) pesados jovial (jovial) joviales
Tonto (dull) tontos facil (easy) faciles
Ancho (wide) anchos cruel (cruel) crueles
Simpatico (handsome, charming) simpaticos dificil (difficult) dificiles

The definite article is placed before the noun and is followed by a descriptive adjective.

Singular Plural

1. El niño bueno. (the good boy) los niños buenos (the good boys)
2. La niña bonita (the pretty girl) las niñas bonitas (the pretty girls)
3. El libro grande. (the big book) los libros grandes (the big books)
4. El camino largo (the long way) los caminos largos (the long ways)
5. La pluma nueva (the new pen) las plumas nuevas (the new pens)
6. La mesa baja (the low table) las mesas bajas (the low tables)
7. La ventana alta (the high window) las ventanas altas (the high windows)
8. La puerta ancha (the wide door ) las puertas anchas (the wide doors)
9. El vestido corto (the short dress) los vestidos cortos (the short dresses)
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 10. La casa grande (the big house) las casas grandes (the big
houses)

This list of adjectives with their corresponding antonyms will widen the vocabulary of the
students.

Rico (rich) pobre (poor)

Viejo (old) joven (young) Nuevo (new)
Valiente (brave) cobarde (coward)
Fuerte (strong) debil (weak)
Delgado (thin) grueso (stout)
Caro (costly) barato (cheap)
Limpio (clean) sucio (dirty)
Diligente (diligent) perezoso (lazy)
Malo (bad) bueno (good)
Claro (clear) oscuro (dark, obscure)
Alto (high) bajo (low, short)
Largo (long) corto (short)
Caliente (hot) frio (cool)
Dulce (sweet) amargo (bitter)
Guapo (handsome) feo (ugly)
Alegre (happy) triste (sad)
Ancho (wide) estrecho (narrow)
Facil (easy) dificil (difficult)
Humilde (humble) orgulloso (proud)
Despacio (slow) deprisa (fast)
Blando (soft) duro (hard)
Atento (attentive) distraido (inattentive)
Cortes (courteous) descortes (discourteous)
Mojado (wet) seco (dry)
Derecho (straight) torcido (crooked)

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 EXEMPTIONS ON GENDER AND NUMBER OF NOUNS

A. Nouns ending in “o” are masculine with the exception

Examples: La mano (hand) la nao (ship, vessel)

B. Nouns ending in “a” are feminine with the exception

Examples: El dia (day) el sofa (sofa)

El Mapa (map) el cometa (comet)

C. Nouns of Greek origin ending in “ma” are masculine…

Examples: El problema (the problem) el sistema (the system)

El programa (the program) el telegrama (the telegram)
El tema (the theme) el clima (the climate)
El drama (the drama) el idioma (the idiom)
El panorama (the panorama) el dilemma (the dilemma)
El poema (the poem) el diploma (the diploma)
El dogma (the dogma) el enigma (the enigma)

D. Nouns ending in “e” are masculine with the exemptions

Examples: La carne (the meat, flesh) la fiebre (the fever)

La sangre (the blood) la noche (the night)
La mente (the mind) la calle (the street)
La frase (the phrase) la clase (the class)
La llave (the key) la parte (the part)
La nube (the cloud) la torre (the tower)
La muerte (the death) la gente (the people)
La suerte (the luck)

E. Nouns ending in “r” are masculine except

Examples: La flor (the flower) la labor ( the task, labor)

La mujer (the woman)

F. Nouns ending in “n” are masculine except

Examples: La sien (the temple) la razon (the reason)

La imagen (the image) la sarten (the frying pan)

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G. Nouns ending in “i” are masculine except

Example: La metropoli (the city)

H. Nouns ending in “ion” are feminine except

Examples: El guion (the hyphen) El sarampion (the measles)

El camion (the truck) El scorpion (the scorpion)
El avion (the airplane)

I. Nouns ending in “z” are feminine except

Examples: El lapiz (the pencil) El tamiz (the strainer)

El antifaz (the mask) El maiz (the corn)
El disfraz (the disguise) El arroz (the rice)
El caliz (the chalice) El barniz (the varnish)

J. Nouns ending in “d” are feminine except

Examples: El ataud (the coffin) El laud (the lyre)

El ardid (the trick) El huesped (the guest)
El alud (the sandstorm) El cesped (the lawn)

K. Nouns ending in “l” are masculine except

Examples: La carcel (the jail) la señal (the signal)

La miel (the honey) la sal (the salt)
La piel (the skin) la cal (the lime)
La capital (the capital)

L. Nouns beginning with accented “a” or “ha” take the singular “el” when singular,
and plural article “las” when plural. This is done for the sake of euphony.
Therefore, these nouns are not exceptions strictly speaking.

Examples: El alma (the soul) las almas (the souls)

El agua (the water) las aguas (the waters)
El ancla (the anchor) las anclas (the anchors)
El arpa (the harp) las harpas (the harps)
El alba (the alb) las albas (the albs)

M. The plural of nouns ending in “z” is formed by changing “z” to “c” before adding
es.

Examples: Lapiz (pencil) Lapices (pencils)

Voz (voice) voces (voices)

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Evaluation: EJERCICIO #2

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year: ______________________________ Campus: ____________

A. Pongan el articulo determinado antes de cada nombre

Fill in the definite article before each noun.

Example: la mesa translate the table

Las mesas translate the tables

El niño translate the boy

Los niños translate the boys

_____ esposas (wives) translate _________

_____ perro (dog) translate _________

__ __ servilletas (napkins) translate _________

_____ primos (cousins) translate __ ______

_____ hermanos (brothers) translate ________

_____principe (prince) translate ________

______tierra (earth) translate ________

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 _____ mentira (lie) translate ________

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #2

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year: ______________________________ Campus: ____________

B. Pongan el articulo indeterminado antes de cada nombre.

Fill in the indefinite article before each noun.

Example: una silla translate a chair

unas sillas translate some/a few chairs

un pueblo tanslate a town

unos pueblos translate some/a few towns

_____ anillos (rings) translate _ ____

_____ tarjetas (cards) translate ______

_____ negocios (business) translate ______

_____ guerras (wars) translate _____

_____ armario (drawer) translate ______

_____ corbata (necktie) translate ______

______ asiento (seat) translate ______

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 ______pluma (pen) translate ______

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #2

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year: ______________________________ Campus: ____________

C. Fill in the blanks.

SINGULAR PLURAL

El cuaderno grueso the thick notebook los cuadernos gruesos the thick notebooks

La pizarra pequeña ________________ las pizarras pequeñas the small blackboards

_______________ the new chair las sillas nuevas the new chairs

_____________ _ _the high table_ las mesas altas the high tables

El niño simpatico the handsome boy ___________________ the handsome boys

La acera ancha the wide sidewalk ________________ __ the wide sidewalks

_______________ the expensive purse los bolsos caros the expensive purses

_______________ _the good brother_ los hermanos Buenos the good brothers

El padre diligente the diligent father ___________________ _the diligent fathers

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.

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Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

MODULE 3: VERBO “SER”

Overview:

In Spanish, there are certain rules and principles to follow in using verbs such as the verb
“SER”. And like any English verb, Spanish verb also has conjugation. This particular chapter
shows the uses of SER and the manner on how to conjugate such basic verb.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Discuss when to use the verb SER in a thought or sentence.

2. Discuss the conjugation of the verb SER
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Discuss the formulation of Interrogative Sentences in Spanish
5. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa

Content:

VERBO “SER” (TO BE)

What is a VERB?

It is a word used to describe an action, state or occurrence and forming the predicate of a
sentence.

For example: walk, run, study, hear, text, surf, eat, rise, sleep

The boy runs slowly.

The student studies his lessons well.
You eat the food.
They hear strange voices.

CONJUGATION
SER To be
(First Person, Singular) Yo soy I am
(Second Person, Singular) (Familiar) Tu eres You are
(Second Person, Singular) (Formal)Usted es You are
(Third Person, Singular) El, Ella es He, She is

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(First Person, Plural) Nosotros, Nosotras somos We are
(Second Person, Plural) (Familiar)Vosotros, Vosotras sois You are

(Second Person, Plural) (Formal) Ustedes son You are

(Third Person, Plural) Ellos, Ellas son They are

Note:
Tu/Vosotros/Vosotras is usually used in referring to someone of the same age, the same
rank, or the same educational level. In other words, Tu/Vosotros?Vosotras is used to express
familiarity or intimacy with the person being referred to.
Usted/Ustedes signifies a more respectful way of relating to someone such as a new
acquaintance, an older person, or someone you consider to be of higher rank.
When do we use the verb SER?

USES of the verb SER:

• “SER” is used to imply permanent or inherent condition.

Yo soy activo. I am active

Tu eres guapo You are handsome.
Usted es alto. You are tall.

• “SER” followed by the preposition “de” means possession, origin, or nature of the
object.

a.) Possession = referring to belongingness or ownership

La casa es de Pedro The house is Pedro’s/ The house belongs to Pedro.

El libro es de mi primo The book belongs to my cousin.
La mesa es de la oficina The table belongs to the office.

b.) Origin = referring a specific place

Yo soy de Capiz I am from Capiz

Tu eres de Manila You are from Manila
Usted es de Filipinas You are from Philippines.

c.) Nature of the thing = referring to the content or to what the thing is made
of
El reloj es de oro the watch is made of gold
El traje es de hilo the suit is made of linen.
La mesa es de marmol the table is made of marble

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 • SER is used in Referring to nationality, rank, dignity,etc.

Yo soy Filipino I am a Filipino

El es superior de una orden religiosa He is a superior of a religious order.
El es colonel. He is a colonel.

• “Ser” is also used to indicate time.

Son las dos de la tarde it is two o’clock in the afternoon

Son las tres menos cuatro it is quarter to three.
Es de dia it is daytime
Es tarde it is late.
Es temprano it is early

• SER is likewise employed in all impersonal expressions which, in English, are expressed
with “it” as subject. In Spanish, this pronoun “it” is dropped and only the verb is used, in
the third person singular form.
Es necesario It is necessary
Es natural It is natural
Es verdad it is true.
Es bastante it is enough
Es mentira it is a lie.
Es terrible it is terrible
Es imposible it is impossible
Es increible it is incredible
Es facil it is easy
Es dificil it is difficult, it is hard

ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS
(Interrogative Sentences)

What is an Interrogative Sentence?

An interrogative sentence is a sentence that basically asks a question who, what, when,
where, how, which, whose and etc. It usually ends with a question mark. However in Spanish,
additional inverted question mark ( ¿ )is put before the sentence.

Generally, in Spanish interrogative sentences, the predicate precedes the subject.

Example:

Spanish English

¿Es usted doctor? Are you a doctor?

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 ¿Es nuevo el professor? Is he a new professor?
¿Es usted Filipino? Are you a Filipino?
¿Son ustedes estudiantes nuevos? Are you new students?
¿Es usted de la ciudad? Are you from the city?
¿Es grande la clase? Is the class big?
¿Es joven el professor? Is the professor young?

PALABRAS INTERROGATIVAS
(Interrogative Words)

Que = What Como = How

Quien (singular) = Who Cual = Which

Quines(plural) = Who Cuando = When
De quien (singular) = Whose Que hora = What time
De quienes (plural) = Whose A que hora = At what time
De donde = Where

How to make interrogative sentences?

¿Que es esto? Eso es un lapiz.

What is this? This is a pencil.

¿De donde es usted? Soy de la ciudad

From where are you? I am from the city.

¿De que material es la casa? La casa es de cemento

What is the house made of? The house is made of cement.

¿Quien es el? El es el presidente de la compañia

Who is he? He is the president of the company.

¿Quienes son ustedes? Somos los representantes de la organizacion.

Who are you? We are the representatives of the organization

¿De quien es el libro? El libro es de Pedro

To whom does the book belong? The book belongs to Pedro/The book is Pedro’s/
Or whose is the book? The book is of Pedro.

¿Que hora es? Son las cinco

What time is it? It is five o’clock.
20
Evaluation: EJERCICIO #3

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year : ______________________________ Campus: ____________

A. Supply the correct verb “SER” in each sentence and translate it into English.

El niño es bueno. (The boy is good)

1.) Ellos ______ bajos (short) _____They are short. ______________

2.) Usted __es___ alto. (tall) _________________________________

3.) El cuaderno __es___ grueso. (thick) ___The notebook is thick ___________

4.) El _______ Filipino ______He is Filipino_______________

5.) Tu eres Americano _________________________________

6.) Nosotros _______ buenos. _________We are good_____________

7.) Vosotros _______ atentos. (attentive) _____You are attentive_____________

8.) La pluma (pen) _______ de Juan. _________________________________

21
9.) Yo _______ estudioso (studious) ________I am studious______________

10.) Ella _______ rica (rich) _______She is rich. _______________

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #3

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year : ______________________________ Campus: ____________

B. Cambien estas oraciones en interrogativas unsando las palabras interrogativas.

Change these sentences into questions using interrogative words.

La biografia es de Jose Rizal. ¿De quien es la biografia?

The biography belongs to Jose Rizal To whom does the belong?

¿Quien es el? El es el preseidente de la compañia

Who is he? He is the president of the company.

1.) Usted es de Capiz. _______________________________

_______I am from Capiz_________ From where are you?

2.) El libro es interesante _______________________________

___The book is interesting_______ Is the book interesting?

3.) El presidente de la clase es Juan _______________________________

_The president of the class is Juan_ Who is the president of the class?

4.) La mesa es de narra. _______________________________

The table is made of narra. __ What is the table made of?

5.) La madre es buena. ¿Es buena la madre? ____________

____________________________ Is the mother good?

22
Rererences:
Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge
MODULE 4: VERBO “ESTAR”

Overview:

In Spanish, there are certain rules and principles to follow in using verbs such as the verb
“ESTAR”. And like any English verb, Spanish verb also has conjugation. This particular chapter
shows the uses of ESTAR and the manner on how to conjugate such basic verb.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Discuss when to use the verb ESTAR in a thought or sentence.

2. Discuss the conjugation of the verb ESTAR
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa
5. Discuss the formulation of negative sentences in Spanish
6. Differentiate between the verbs SER and ESTAR

Content:

VERBO “ESTAR” (To be)

CONJUGATION
ESTAR To be
(First Person, Singular) Yo estoy I am
(Second Person, Singular) (Familiar) Tu estas You are
(Second Person, Singular) (Formal)Usted esta You are
(Third Person, Singular) El, Ella esta He, She is
(First Person, Plural) Nosotros, Nosotras estamos We are
(Second Person, Plural) (Familiar)Vosotros, Vosotras estais You are

(Second Person, Plural) (Formal) Ustedes estan You are

(Third Person, Plural) Ellos, Ellas estan They are

23
Note:
Tu/Vosotros/Vosotras is usually used in referring to someone of the same age, the same
rank, or the same educational level. In other words, Tu/Vosotros/Vosotras is used to express
familiarity or intimacy with the person being referred to.
Usted/Ustedes signifies a more respectful way of relating to someone such as a new
acquaintance, an older person, or someone you consider to be of higher rank.
When do we use the verb ESTAR?
USES of the verb ESTAR:

A. To express temporary conditions like the state of health, a way of being as feelings
and emotions, and accidental properties of persons or things.

• State of Health

1. Yo estoy bien. I am well.

2. Tu estas enfermo you are sick
.
• Feelings and Emotions

1. Yo estoy alegre I am happy.

2. El esta triste He is sad

• Accidental/Temporary properties of persons or things

1. Yo estoy palido I am pale.

2. El agua esta fria The water is cold.

B. To express location or place, followed by the preposition “en” which means “in”

1. Yo estoy en clase I am in class.

2. Tu estas en el laboratorio You are in the laboratory.

Comparison of the Two Verbs “SER” and “ESTAR”

Conjugation

SER To be ESTAR

Yo soy I am Yo estoy
(Familiar) Tu eres You are (Familiar) Tu estas
(Formal) Usted es You are (Formal) Usted esta

24
 El, Ella es He, She is El, Ella esta
Nosotros, Nosotras somos We are Nosotros, Nosotras estamos
(Familiar) Vosotros, Vosotras sois You are (Familiar) Vosotros, Vosotras estais
(Formal)Ustedes son You are (Formal)Ustedes estan
Ellos, Ellas son They are Ellos, Ellas estan

Note: Review the uses of the verbs SER and ESTAR

When do we use SER and ESTAR?

WHY SER, not ESTAR? Or WHY ESTAR, not SER is used?

SER is used in referring to: ESTAR is used in referring to:

Permanent/inherent condition State of Health

Possession Feelings and emotions
Nature Accidental properties
Nationality Location/Place
Rank Temporary conditions
Dignity
Time

Example:
SER ESTAR

1. Yo soy perezoso. (inherent condition) 1. Yo estoy perezoso ahora. (feeling)

(I am lazy) I am lazy now

REASON:
SOY is used because being lazy in this sentence refers to the permanent condition of the
person. In other words, it is natural or ordinary for that person to be lazy.
ESTOY is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the momentary feeling of
the person. It means that the person is not naturally lazy but is lazy temporarily or for a
specific time only.

2. El niño es vivo (inherent condition) 2. El niño esta vivo. (state of health)

The boy is lively. The boy is alive.
REASON:

25
 ES is used because it is an inherent condition of the boy to be lively.
ESTA is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the state of health of the boy
being alive.

3. Pedro es Filipino. (nationality) 3. Pedro esta sucio. (accidental property)

Pedro is a Filipino. Pedro is dirty

REASON:
ES is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the nationality of Pedro.
ESTA is used because it refers to the temporary condition of Pedro who is dirty at that
moment. It means that Pedro is not all the time or by nature dirty.

4. El pelo de la niña es rizado. 4. El pelo de la niña esta rizado.

The girl’s hair is curly The girl’s hair is curled
(Permanent Condition) (Accidental Property)

REASON:
ES is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the permanent condition of the
girl’s hair which is curly. No matter what we do, the hair of the girl is naturally curly.
ESTA is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the temporary condition or
accidental property of the girl’s hair which is curled. It presupposes that the girl’s hair is
naturally straight but is temporarily curled.

5. La casa es de Pedro. 5. Ellos estan en la clase.

The house belongs to Pedro They are in the class.
(Possession) (Temporary Location/Place)
REASON:
ES is used because the thought of the sentence refers to Pedro’s possession/ownership of
the house.

26
 ESTAN is used because the thought of the sentence refers to the temporary location of
the subject.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

A sentence is made negative by placing “no” (not) before the verb.

Example:

No estoy enfermo I am not sick

No esta fresca He is not fresh.
No estas preparado You are not prepared.
No estamos preocupados We are not worried.
No estan debiles They are not weak.

27
Evaluation: EJERCICIO #4

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year : ______________________________ Campus: ____________

A. Fill in the correct verb ESTAR and translate the sentence into English

1.) Tu _____ cansado ________________________

2.) Yo _______ sentado _________________________

3.) Nosotros _______ alegeres __________________________

4.) Ellos _______ ausentes __________________________

5.) Ella _______ rota _________________________

6.) El agua no ____ caliente _________________________

7.) Las niñas no _____ enfermas _________________________

8.) La tierra ______ dry. _________________________

9.) Los zapatos _______ limpios. _________________________

10.) No _____ sucio _________________________

28
Evaluation: EJERCICIO #4

Name :_______________________________________ Date: ______________

Course & Year : ______________________________ Campus: ____________

B. Fill in the correct verb SER or ESTAR in each sentence and translate.

1.) El azucar (sugar) ______ dulce. (sweet) ________________________

(Permanent condition)

2.) Las vestidas _________ amarillas (yellow) ____the dresses are yellow____
(Permanent Condition)

3.) Los espejos (mirror) estan roto. (broken) ________________________

(Accidental Property)

4.) El cielo (sky) ______ azul.(blue) ____the sky is blue_______

(Accidental Property)

5.) La harina (flour) es blanca.(white) ________________________

(Permanent Condition)

References:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

MODULE 5: VERBO TENER

Overview:

29
 In Spanish, there are certain rules and principles to follow in using verbs such as the verb
“TENER”. And like any English verb, Spanish verb also has conjugation. This particular chapter
identifies the uses of TENER and the manner on how to conjugate such basic verb.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Discuss when to use the verb TENER in a thought or sentence.

2. Discuss the conjugation of the verb TENER
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa
5. Discuss the formulation of prepositions “del” and “al” in Spanish

Content:

VERBO TENER (To Have)

CONJUGATION

TENER To have

(First Person, Singular) Yo tengo I have

(Second Person, Singular) (Familiar) Tu tienes You have
(Second Person, Singular) (Formal)Usted tiene You have
(Third Person, Singular) El, Ella tiene He, She has
(First Person, Plural) Nosotros, Nosotras tenemos We have
(Second Person, Plural) (Familiar)Vosotros, Vosotras teneis You have

(Second Person, Plural) (Formal) Ustedes tienen You have

(Third Person, Plural) Ellos, Ellas tienen They have

Note:

Tu/Vosotros/Vosotras is usually used in referring to someone of the same age, the same
rank, or the same educational level. In other words, Tu/Vosotros?Vosotras is used to express
familiarity or intimacy with the person being referred to.

Usted/Ustedes signifies a more respectful way of relating to someone such as a new

acquaintance, an olde person, or someone you consider to be of higher rank.

When do we use the verb TENER?

30
 USES of the Verb TENER:

A. Used to indicate possession.

1. Yo tengo un libro. I have a book

2. Tu tienes libros. You have books.
3. El tiene lecciones. He has lessons.
4. Ella tiene un reloj. She has a watch.
5. Nosotros tenemos dinero. We have money.
6. Vosotros teneis problemas. You have problems.
7. Ustedes tienen examenes. You have examinations.
8. Ellos tienen invitaciones. They have invitations

B. Used to express a sensation as when used in conjunction with such words as hambre
(hungry), sed (thirsty), sueño (to be sleepy) and other. In English the verb “to be” is used.
In Spanish the verb Tener is used.

1. Yo tengo sueño. I am sleepy.

2. Tu tienes hambre. You are hungry.
3. Usted tiene miedo. You are afraid.
4. El tiene sed. He is thirsty.

5. Ella tiene frio. She is cold.

6. Nosotros tenemos razon. We are right.
7. Vosotros teneis calor. You feel warm/ You are warm.
8. Ellos tienen verguenza They are ashamed

C. Used to express age and dimension.

1. Yo tengo veinte años. I am twenty years old.

2. Tu tienes quince años. You are fifteen years old.
3. Usted tiene su edad. You are of his age.
4. Ella tiene once años. She is eleven years old.
5. Vosotros teneis diez y nueve años. You are nineteen years old.
6. Ellos tienen cuarenta años. They are forty years old.
7. El cuarto tiene veinte pies de largo. The room is twenty feet long.
8. La cocina tiene cinco metros de ancho. The kitchen is five meters wide.

31
 D. Used with “Que” and followed by an infinitive expresses necessity or obligation.
1. Yo tengo que estudiar mas. I have to study more.
2. Tu tienes que escribir el tema. I have to write the theme.
3. Usted tiene que comer mas. You have to eat more.
4. El tiene que ser puntual. He has to be punctual.
5. Ella tiene que estar aqui a las siete. She has to be here at seven.
6. Nosotros tenemos que ser diligentes. We have to be diligent.
7. Vosotros teneis que estar atentos en clase. You have to be attentive in class.
8. Ustedes tienen que copier esto. You have to copy this.
9. Ellos tienen que ser respetuosos. They have to be respectful.
10. Ellas tienen que estudiar. They have to study.

FORMATION of “DEL” and “AL”

When the article “el” is preceded by the preposition “de” (of) or “a” (to), they are joined
into one word – “del”, “al” if the following noun is masculine in gender and singular in number.

1. Instead of “El uniforme de el soldado”

It becomes “El uniforme del soldado” the uniform of the soldier.

2. Instead of “ a el professor”
It becomes “al professor” to the professor

3. El autor del libro the author of the book

4. La puerta del edificio the door of the building
5. Las paginas del libro the pages of the book
6. Al laboratorio to the laboratory
7. Al edificio principal to the main building
8. Al dentista to the dentist
9. Al decano to the dean
ADJECTIVOS NUMERALES

1 Uno 11 Once 30 Treinta

2 Dos 12 Dose 40 Cuarenta
3 Tres 13 Trece 50 Cincuenta
4 Cuatro 14 Catorce 60 Sesenta
5 Cinco 15 Quince 70 Setenta
6 Seis 16 Dieciseis/ Diez y seis 80 Ochenta

32
 7 Siete 17 Diecisiete/ Diez y siete 90 Noventa
8 Ocho 18 Dieciocho/ Diez y ocho 100 Ciento
9 Nueve 19 Diecinueve/ Diez y nueve 500 Quinientos
10 Diez 20 Veinte 1000 Mil

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #5

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

Fill in the correct verb TENER and translate each Spanish sentence into English or vice
versa.

1. Ellos ___________ que escribir al professor.

2. Vosoros __________ muchas actividades escolares.
3. Tu _________ las manos sucias.
4. ¿Quien ________ libros del estudiante?
5. Yo ________ papel y lapiz.
6. We have to study the lessons.
7. They have two examinations. (Examenes)
8. She has seven subjects (asignaturas)

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge
MODULE 6: HAY

Overview:

33
 This chapter discusses “Hay” as a special impersonal third person form of the verb
“HABER” and is not conjugated with the verb. It must be taken into account that Hay has
various tenses which indicate the existence of something or someone within certain
circumstances.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Discuss when to use “Hay” in a single thought or sentence.

2. Identify the different tenses of Hay

Content:

Present Tense:

Hay muchos papeles. There are many papers

Past Tense:

Hubo clase ayer. There was class yesterday

Future Tense:

Habra una parada mañana There will be a parade tomorrow.

A. “Hay” is a special impersonal third person form of the verb “HABER” and is not
conjugated with the verb. It indicates the existence of something or someone within
certain circumstances

B. “Hay” followed by “que” means “it is necessary” and like – “tener que” followed by the
infinitive form of the principal verb expresses necessity or obligation.

Ejemplos:

1. Hay que ayudar al pobre. One must help the poor.

2. Hay que obedecer las ordenes One must obey the orders.

C. “Hay” is also used idiomatically.

Ejemplos:

1. ¿Que distancia hay? How far it is?

2. Hay lodo. It is muddy

34
 3. Hay cuatro millas. It is four miles
4. Hay mucho polvo. It is very dusty.

ALGUNOS ADVERBOS DE LUGAR

Aqui here abajo down, below

Alli there dentro inside

Cerca near fuera out

Lejos far afuera outside

Encima over, on delante in front

Debajo under enfrente in front

Arriba up, above detras behind

VOCABULARIO

Sobre over; on dias de fiesta holidays

Anoche last night mañana por la noche tomorrow evening

Gente people fuegos artificiales fireworks

Teatro theatre a todas horas at all times

Perro dog arbol tree

Poesias poems con with

El año pasado last year oraciones sentences

Varios various; several bastante enough

Para for todo all

35
Flores flowers luz light

Hermosa beautiful granja farm

Milagro miracle fe faith

Cuentos stories comodidades comfort

Jardin garden ausentes absent

ADJETIVOS NUMERALES – ORDINALES

1st primero first 6th sexto sixth

2nd Segundo second 7th septimo seventh

3rd tercero third 8th octavo eight

4th cuatro fourth 9th noveno ninth

5th quinto fifth 10th decimo tenth

Note: When “primero and tercero” are followed by a masculine singular noun, the
vowel “o” is dropped.

(Primer año; tercer año) First year; third year

El niño gano el primer premio The boy won the first prize.

¿En que año esta usted? In what year are you?

- Estoy en el primer año. I am in my first year.

36
El tercer niño en la primera fila, es muy listo The third boy in the first row, is very clever.

¿Cual es el tercer mes del año? Which is the third month of the year?

-El tercer mes del año es marzo. The third month of the year is March

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #6

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

Translate the following sentences.

1. Sobre la mesa no hay papeles

2. En la clase hay veinte sillas
3. Anoche no hubo gente en el teatro
4. Mañana por la noche habra fuegos artificiales
5. Cerca de la ventana, hay una mesa grande
6. No hay bastantes papeles para toda la clase
7. En la biblioteca hay muchos libros nuevos.
8. Delante de la casa hermosa hay un arbol grande.

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

37
 MODULE 7: ADJETIVOS Y PRONOMBRES

Overview:

This particular chapter identifies all Spanish demonstrative and possessive pronouns as
well as all Spanish demonstrative and possessive adjectives. It also discusses the rules or
principles to be considered on formulating such pronouns and adjectives.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Distinguish between demonstrative and possessive pronouns/adjectives

2. Discuss what is the rule/principle in formulating such demonstrative and possessive
pronouns/adjectives

Content:

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

Adjective = A word that modifies a noun.

Pronoun = A word that is used in substitute to a noun.

(Gender)

Masculino este this (near the speaker) estos these

Femenino esta this (near the speaker) estas these

Masculino ese that (near the person spoken to) esos those

Femenino esa that (near the person spoken to) esas those

Masculine aquel that; over there aquallos those; over there

Feminino aquella that; over there aquellas those; over there

(As Adjectives) (As pronouns)

1. Este libro es Nuevo. Este es un libro Nuevo.

This book is new. This is a new book.

38
 2. Ese niño es mi hermano Ese es mi hermano.
That boy is my brother that is my brother.

3. Aquel abanico es pequeño. Aquel es un abanico pequeño

That fan is small That is a small fan.

Rule: The demonstrative adjective should agree in number and in gender with the noun
modified.

Ejemplos:

Esta silla this chair estas sillas these chairs

Este cuarto this room estos cuartos these rooms
Ese niño that boy esos niños those boys
Esa niña that girl esas niñas those girls
Aquel libro that book aquellos libros those books
Aquella mesa that table aquellas mesas those tables

Note: Esto, Eso, Aquello are neuter in gender – they do not precede a noun.

Ejemplos:

Esto es facil This is easy

Eso es bueno This is good
Aquello es pesado That is heavy.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

Los Adjectivos Posesivos

SINGULAR PLURAL

Mi My Mis My
Tu Your (familiar) Tus Your
Su Your (formal) Sus Your

39
Su His, Her Sus His, Her
Nuestro, (a) Our Nuestros (as) Our
Vuestro, (a) Your (familiar) Vuestros (as) Your
Su Your (formal) Sus Your
Su Their Sus Their

Rule: In Spanish, (mi, mis, tus, sus, etc.) are always placed before the noun they modify. The
forms namely; (mio, tuyo, suyo,, mios, tuyos, suyos, etc.,) are placed after the noun they modify
preceded by an article.

Ejemplos:

Mi libro My book
Su madre Your mother
Su madre His/Her mother
Tu padre Your father
Nuestro cuarto Our room
Vuestro amigo Your friend
Vuestras flores Your flowers
Nuestra seccion Our section
Vuestros profesores Your professors
Sus padres His, Her parents
Sus padres Your parents.

Note: Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns agree in gender and in number with the
things possessed and not with the possessor. In asking questions the verb precedes the possessive
adjective or possessive pronoun.

Los Pronombres Posesivos

Masculino Femenino

Mio-mios mine mia-mias mine

Tuyo, tuyos yours tuya-tuyas yours
Suyo-suyos yours suya-suyas yours
Suyo-suyos his/hers suya-suyas his/hers

40
Nuestro-nuestros ours nuestra-nuestras ours
Vuestro-vuestros yours vuestra-vuestras yours
Suyo-suyos yours suya-suyas yours
Suyo-suyos theirs suya-suyas their
Ejemplos:

(As Pronouns) (As Adjectives)

1. El libro que esta en la mesa es el mio. 1. Mi libro esta en la mesa

The book on the table is mine My book is on the table.

2. Los libros que estan en la mesa son los mios. 2. Mis libros estan en la mesa
The books on the table are mine My books are on the table.

3. La corbata que esta en la caja es la tuya 3. Tu corbata esta en la caja

The necktie in the box is yours Your necktie is in the box.

4. Los coches nuevos son los tuyos 4. Tus coches son nuevos.
The new cars are yours Your cars are new.

5. Aquel cuaderno es el suyo 5. Aquel es su cuaderno.

That notebook is yours/his/hers That is your/his/her notebook.

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #7

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: __________

41
Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: ________

A. Translate the following sentences and identify whether each sentence uses demonstrative
pronoun or demonstrative adjective.

Example:

Este libro es nuevo. This book is new. (Demonstrative Adjective)

1. Estos perros son buenos

2. Esa casa es grande

3. Esto es bonito
4. Aquella carta esta firmada.
5. Este es el doctor.

B. Fill in the correct possessive pronoun or adjective and translate each sentence.

(Mi, mis, mio, mios, mia, mias)

1. Los libros de ________ amigos estan en __________ casa.

Translate:
(Tu, tus, tuyo, tuyos, tuya, tuyas)

2. Esta camisa (shirt) es la ____ y los pañuelos (handkerchief) tambien (also) son los _____
(Nuestro, nuestras, nuestros nuestras)

42
 3. Esta casa no es la ________ pero el terreno (ground) es ________.
(Su, sus, suyo, suya, suyos, suyas)

4. Estos lapices son los _________ y aquellas plumas son las ___________

Rererences:

Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

MODULE 8: GRADOS DEL ADJECTIVO

Overview:

In Spanish, there are also degrees of adjectives, namely; positive, comparative and
superlative. What determines the degree of any Spanish adjective is discussed in this particular
chapter.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Identify the degree of any Spanish adjective.

2. Discuss the rules or principles in changing or modifying the degree of certain Spanish
adjectives

Content:

The degrees of adjectives are:

A. Positivo expresses simply quality

Ejemplos:

43
 1. La casa es alta. The house is high
2. El edificio es hermoso The building is impressive

B. The Comparativo denotes the quality of a noun as compared to that of another and this
comparison is of:

a) Superiority, b.) Equality c.) Inferiority

a.) Superiority, “mas. . . que” (more… than, -er… than)

Examples: Usted es mas alto que ella.

You are taller than she.

Ella tiene mas dinero que yo.

She has more money than I have.

b.) Igualdad: (con adjetivos) “tan… como” (as… as)

Examples: Usted es tan rico como yo.

You are as rich as I am.

Ella es tan inteligente como el.

She is as intelligent as he.

(con nombres tanto (a) . . . como” (as much . . . as)

Tantos (as) . . . como” (as many . . . as)

Ejemplos:

Usted tiene tanto dinero como yo.

You have as much money as I have.

Ella tiene tantos parientes como yo.

She has as many relatives as I have.

Nosotros tenemos tantos libros como ellos, pero no tantas plumas como ustedes.
We have as many books as they have, but not as many pens as you have.

44
 c.) Inferiodad: “ menos . . . que” (less… than)

Ejemplos:

Ella tiene menos tiempos que yo para estudiar

She has less time to study than I have
Tengo menos libros que cuadernos
I have less books than notebooks.
Hay menos niños que niñas en esta seccion
There are less boys than girls in this section.

C. Superlativo denotes the highest degree. It is formed by any of the following ways.

1. By adding to the positive adjective the suffix (isimo) when the adjective ends in a
consonant. If it ends in a vowel, the “isimo” is annexed after dropping the vowel.

Ejemplos:

Sutil (subtle) sutilisimo most subtle

Facil (easy) facilisimo easiest
Blando (soft) blandisimo softest
Dulce (sweet) dulcisimo sweetest
Corto (short) cortisimo shortest

2. By prefixing to the positive the word “muy” (very)

Ejemplos:

Grande (big) muy grande very big

Pequeño (small) muy pequeño very small
Alto (tall) muy alto very tall
Bajo (short,low) muy bajo very short
Guapo (handsome) muy guapo very handsome

3. By placing the comparative between the words:

“el… … … de” or “la… … … de”

Ejemplos:

a. El mas bajo de (the shortest or the lowest)

b. La mas lista de (the brightest)

45
Los estudiantes son muy respetuosos
The students are very respectful

Estas mangas son dulcisimas

These mangoes are extremely sweet.

Maria es la mas lista de la familia.

Mary is the brightest of the family.

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

Positivo Comparativo Superlativo

Bueno (good) mejor (better) el mejor (best)

Malo (bad) peor (worse) pesimo (worst)

Alto, (high in quality) superior (higher) supremo (supreme)

Bajo (low in quality) inferior (lower) infimo (lowest)

Grande (large) mayor (larger) maximo (maximum)

Pequeño (small) menor (smaller, younger) minimo, pequeñisimo

(smallest)

Sabio (wise) mas sabio (wiser) sapientisimo (wisest)

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #8

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

Fill in the correct degree of adjective and translate each sentence.

1. Mi amigo es _____ listo ______ tu amigo. (superioridad)

Translate: _________________________________________________
2. Estas sillas son _______ que las tuyas. (inferioridad)
Translate: _________________________________________________
3. Tu discurso (speech) es _____ largo _____ el de mi amigo. (igualdad)
Translate: _________________________________________________
4. Ellos estan _____ alegres ______ nosotros. (inferioridad)
Translate: _________________________________________________

46
 5. Tus hermanos son _____ altos _____ mis hermanos. (superioridad)
Translate: _________________________________________________
6. El baloncesto (basketball) es _____ popular en Filipinas _____ el balonpie (football)
Translate: _________________________________________________
7. La pelicula es interesante.__________________ (superlative)
Translate: _________________________________________________
8. Aquellos arboles son altos _________________ (superlative)
Translate: _________________________________________________
9. Este libro es barato ___________________ (superlative)
Translate: _________________________________________________
10. Este rio (river) es ancho ___________________ ( superlative)
Translate: _________________________________________________

Rererences:
Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge
MODULE 9:

EL PRESENTE DE INDICATIVO DE VERBOS REGULARES

Overview:

Like English verbs, Spanish verbs also have tenses. This particular chapter discusses the
conjugation of Spanish verbs ending in AR, ER and IR in the present tense.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Identify Spanish verbs ending in AR, ER and IR

2. Discuss how to conjugate the verb in the present tense
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa

Content:

EL PRESENTE DE INDICATIVO DE VERBOS REGULARES

(The Present Tense of Regular Verbs)

The infinitive endings in Spanish are "ar", "er" and "ir". These endings added are
omitted and the corresponding endings for the present indicative are added to the root of the
verb.

47
 Verbos Regulares Que Terminan En "AR"

Conjugación:

Endings HABLAR (to speak)

Yo ……………........................... o Yo hablo I speak

Tú ............................................... as Tu hablas You speak
Usted (formal)………………..…a Usted habla You speak
El, Ella ..........................................a El, Ella habla He, She
speaks
Nosotros (-as)……………. …… .amos Nos (-as) hamblamos We speak
Vosotros (-es)……………………ais Vos (-as) hablais You speak
Ustedes (formal) ………………..an Ustedes hablan You speak
Ellos. Ellas....................................an Ellos, Ellas hablan They speak

1. Yo (estudiar--to study) mucho Yo studio mucho

I study much
2. Tú (hablar - to speak) poco. Tu hablas poco
You speak little
3. Tú (cantar-to sing) en la iglesia. Tu cantas en la iglesia
You sing in the church
4. Usted no (trabajar - to work) por las noches. Usted no trabaja por la
noches
You don’t work in the evening/at night
5. Usted (preparar - to prepere) las lecciones. Usted prepara las lecciones
You prepare the lessons
6. El niño (Llorar-to cry) mucho. El niño llola mucho
The boy cries much.
7. Ella (Llevar-to carry, to take) los libros a la oficina. Ella lleva los libros a la
oficina
She carries the books to the office
8. Nosotros (borrar-to erase) la pizarra. Nosotros borramos la
pizarra
We erase the blackboard.
Note: The preposition “a” is used after the predicate whose object is animate.
Ejemplos: Yo visito a Pedro I visit Pedro. (animate)
Yo vicito la casa I visit the house. (lifeless)

"Adverbs of Time" Commonly Used with the Present Tense

a menudo ------------- often por la tarde ---------------- in the afternoon

siempre --------------- always por la noche --------------- in the evening
muchas veces ------ many times casi siempre --------------- almost always
rara vez -------------- seldom ahora ------------------------ now

48
todos los dias ------- everyday hoy -------------------------- today
de cuando en cuando ------- once in a while nunca ------------------------never
varias veces ------------------- several times todas las mañanas ------- every morning
algumas veces ---------------- sometimes todos los años ------------- every year
pocas veces --------------------seldom todas las tardes ----------- every afternoon
todos los meses----------------every month todas las noches -----------every evening
por la mañana ----------------- in the morning cada semester ------------- each semester

OTROS ADJETIVOS INDEFINIDOS

cada (masc. & fem.) - each

cualquier (masc.) any, whichever
cualquiera (fem.) - any
unos cuantos (masc.) - a few
unas cuantas (fem.) - a few
tal, tales - such
varios (as) - several, various
otro (a. os, as) - other, another
ambos (-as) – both
cierto (a) – a certain
ciertos (as) — certain
cualquiera de (los, las) - any of the (noun)

Some of these adjectives agree in gender and in number with the noun modified.

1. cada niño, cada niña each boy, each girl

Cada niño tiene un libro, Each boy has a book

2, cualquier dia any day

cualquiera sección ..... Any section
Cualquier niño es mas alto que tú. Any boy is taller than you are.

3. unos cuantos libros a few books

unas cuantas monedas a few coins
Tengo unos cuantos lápices. I have a few pencils.

4. tal nombre such name

tales autores such authors
Tal nombre no está en la lista. Such name is not in the list.
5. varios numerous Several numbers
varias mesas several tables
Hay varios cantos en el programa. There are several songs in the program.
6. otro dia other or another day
otra semana another week
otros libros other books
otras mesas other tables

49
 Los otros libros están en aquella mesa. The other books are on that table
7. cierto profesor; cierta profesora a certain professor
ciertos pasajeros, certain passengers
ciertas oficinas certain offices
Ciertos documentos son importantes. Certain documents are important.
8. cualquiera de los niños any of the boys
cualquiera de las niñas any of the girls
Cualquiera de esos libros es bueno. Any of those books is good.

Verbos Regulares Que Terminan En "ER"

Conjugación:

Endings COMER (to eat)

Yo ……………........................... o Yo como I eat

Tú ............................................... es Tu comes You eat
Usted (formal)………………..…e Usted come You eat
El, Ella .........................................e El, Ella come He,
She eats
Nosotros (-as)……………. …… emos Nos (-as) comemos We eat
Vosotros (-es)……………………eis Vos (-as) comeis You eat
Ustedes (formal) ………………..en Ustedes comen You eat
Ellos. Ellas....................................en Ellos, Ellas comen They eat

1. Yo (leer – to read) revistas españolas. Yo leo revistas españolas.

I read Spanish magazines.
2. Yo (comer – to eat) a las doce del medio dia. Yo como a las doce del medio dia.
I eat at twelve o’clock noon.
3. El no (beber – to drink) agua fria. El no bebe agua fria
He does not drink cold water
4. Yo no (creer – to believe) en sus cuentos. Yo no creo en sus cuentos
I do not believe in his stories
5. El (recoger – to collect) los papeles del suelo El recoge los papeles del suelo
He collects the papers on the floor.
6. El niño (aprender – to learn) con facilidad. EL nino aprendo con facilidad
The boy learns with ease.
7. El no (prometer – to promise) nada. El no promete nada
He does not promise nothing
8. Nadie (comprender – to understand) el problema Nadie comprende el
problema
Nobody understands the problem.
9. Ella (escoger- to choose) las flores mas bonitas. Ella escoge las flores mas
bonitas

50
 She chooses the more beautiful
flowers
10. Los niños (esconder) sus juguetes. Los ninos esconden sus juguetes.
The boys hide their toys.

Verbos Regulares Que Terminan En "IR"

Conjugación:

Endings VIVIR (to live)

Yo ……………........................... o Yo vivo I live
Tú ............................................... es Tu vives You live
Usted (formal)………………..… e Usted vive You live
El, Ella ........................................ e El, Ella vive He,
She lives
Nosotros (-as)……………. …… .. imos Nos (-as) vivimos We live
Vosotros (-es)……………………. is Vos (-as) vivis You live
Ustedes (formal) ……………….. en Ustedes viven You live
Ellos. Ellas............................... en Ellos, Ellas viven They live

1. Nosotros (abrir – to open) la puerta Nosotros abrimos la puerta

We open the door
2. El profesor (repartir – to distribute) los papeles El professor reparte los papeles
The professor distributes the papers
3. Los estudiantes (subir – to go up) al laboratorio Los estudiantes suben al laboratorio
The students go up to the laboratory
4. Yo (discutir – to discuss) con mi amigo Yo discuto con mi amigo
I discuss with my friend
5. Yo (recibir – to receive) cartas de mis parientes Yo recibo cartas de mis parientes
I receive letters from my relatives.
6. El public (aplaudir – to applaud) cuando la funcion es buena
El public aplaude cuando la funcion es buena
The public applauds when the performance is good.
7. La oficina de correos (emitir – to emit) sellos conmemorativos
La oficina de correo emite sellos conmemorativos
The post office emits commemorative stamps.
8. El profesor (dividir – to apportion) el trabajo entre los estudiantes
El profesor divide el trabajo entre los estudiantes
The professor apportions the work among the students.
9. Los estudiantes (escribir – to write) en sus cuadernos
Los estudiantes escriben en sus cuadernos
The students write in their notebooks.
10. Mi madre (zurcir – to darn) mis calcetines. Mi madre zurce mis calcetines

51
 My mother darns my socks.

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #9

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

A. Provide the correct verb “AR” in the present tense and translate each sentence.

Ex: Maria (explicar) la lección. Maria explica la leccion

Mary explains the lesson
2. Mi madre (cocinar) muy bien. _______________________________________
3. Las niñas (cantar) muy bien. _______________________________________
4. El no (terminar) el trabajo. . _______________________________________
5. Mis primos (gastar) mucho. _______________________________________
6. El tren (llegar) con retraso. _______________________________________
7. El niño (deletrear) cada palabra _______________________________________
8. El (estudiar) todos los dias _______________________________________
9. Ellos (nadar) en el mar _______________________________________
10. Mi amigo (invitar) a Luis a su casa. _______________________________________

Cocinar = to cook
Terminar = to finish
Gastar = to spend
Con retraso = with delay
Todos los dias = everyday
En el mar = in the sea
Deletrear = to spell
Nadar = to swim
Invitar = to invite

B. Provide the correct verb “ER” in the present tense and translate each sentence.

52
 Ex: Yo (escoger) los libros que leo. Yo escojo los libros que leo
I choose the books I read.
2. El (vender) libros _______________________________________
3. El niño (correr) por la calle _______________________________________
4. Los niños (comer) poco. . _______________________________________
5. El (vender) sellos _______________________________________
6. El (comer) frutas. _______________________________________
7. El (cometer) equivocaciones _______________________________________
8. El niño no (beber) café _______________________________________
9. Tu (romper) muchas plumas _______________________________________
10. El (prometer) ser mas aplicado. _______________________________________

Vender = to sell
Correr = to run
Comer = to eat
Cometer – to commit
Beber = to drink
Romper = to break
Prometer = to promise
Por la Calle = down the street
Sellos = stamps
Equivocaciones = mistakes
Ser = to be

C. Provide the correct verb “IR” in the present tense and translate each sentence.

1.El (coincidir) con su amigo a la salida de la escuela

El concide con su amigo a la salida de la escuela

He coincides with his friend at the exit of the school.

2. Ellos (decidir) aceptar los puestos

3. El niño nunca (interrumpir) la conversacion de los mayores

4. El comerciante (abrir) la tienda a las nueve.

53
5. Cuando el lee novelas, no (omitir) las descripciones.

6. Ellos (vivir) cerca de la universidad

7. El decano nos (infundir) respeto

8. El (definir) todos los terminus.

9. El perro (gruñir) a los vecinos

10. Todos (asistir) a la conferencia

Decidir = to decide
Interrumpir = to interrupt
Abrir = to open
Leer = to read
Omitir = to omit
Vivir = to live
Infundir = to infuse
Definir = to define
Gruñir = to growl
Asistir = to attend
Mayores = elders
Ahora = now
Tienda = store
Cuando = when
Vecinos = neighbors
Los puestos = the positions
Descrpciones = descriptions
Terminos = terms
Todos = all
Nos = us

54
Rererences:
Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge
MODULE 10:

EL PRETERITO INDEFINIDO DE VERBOS REGULARES

Overview:

Like English verbs, Spanish verbs also have tenses. This particular chapter discusses the
conjugation of Spanish verbs ending in AR, ER and IR in the past tense.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Identify Spanish verbs ending in AR, ER and IR

2. Discuss how to conjugate the verb in the past tense
3. Enumerate some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa

Content:

EL PRETERITO INDEFINIDO DE VERBOS REGULARES

(PAST TENSE)

The infinitive endings in Spanish are "ar", "er" and "ir". These endings added are
omitted and the corresponding endings for the present indicative are added to the root of the
verb.

Verbos Regulares Que Terminan En “Ar”

Conjugación:

Endings CANTAR (to live)

Yo ……………........................... e Yo cante I sang

Tú ............................................... aste Tu cantaste You sang

55
 Usted (formal)………………..… o Usted canto You sang
El, Ella ........................................ o El, Ella canto He,
She sang
Nosotros (-as)……………. …… .. amos Nos (-as) cantamos We sang
Vosotros (-es)……………………. asteis Vos (-as) cantasteis You sang
Ustedes (formal) ……………….. aron Ustedes cantaron You sang
Ellos. Ellas............................... aron Ellos, Ellas cantaron They sang

Adverbs used with the Past Tense:

1. Ayer Yesterday
2. Anoche last night
3. El domingo pasado last Sunday
4. El otro dia the other day
5. La otra vez the other time
6. La ultima vez the last time
7. Antes de ayer the day before yesterday
8. Antes de anoche the night before last
9. El año pasado last year or the past year
10. La semana pasada last week or the past week
11. El mes pasado last month or the past month
12. El curso pasado last school year

Pronombres Indefinidos
(Indefinite Pronouns)

Algo something poco little

Alguien somebody pocos few
Alguno (a) someone mucho much
Nadie nobody muchos many
Nada nothing todos all
Todo everything

56
1. El profesor (explicar) la leccion ayer El profesor explico la leccion ayer
The professor explained the lesson
yesterday

2. Alguien (guardar) los libros Alguien guardo los libros

Somebody kept the books

3. Muchos estudiantes (terminar) medicina Muchos estudiantes terminaron

medicina
Many students finished medicine

4. Nadie llegar tarde a clase Nadie llego tarde a clase

Nobody arrived late to class.

5. Mi hermano (hablar) en la conferencia Mi hermano hablo en la conferencia

My brother spoke in the conference.

6. Toda la clase (bajar) a la biblioteca Toda la clase bajo a la biblioteca

The whole class went downstairs to the
library.

7. Maria no (contestar) la carta Maria no contesto la carta

Mary did not answer the letter / Mary
answered not the letter

8. El profesor (explicar) bien este problema. El profesor explico bien este problema
The professor explained well this problem.

9. Ellos (conjugar) los verbos en el Ellos conjugaron los verbos en el preterito

indefinido.
preterito indefinido. They conjugated the verbs in the past tense

Verbos Regulares Que Terminan En “Er”

57
Conjugación:

Endings COMER (to eat)

Yo ……………........................... i Yo comi I ate

Tú ............................................... iste Tu comiste You ate
Usted (formal)………………..… io Usted comio You ate
El, Ella ........................................ io El, Ella comio He,
She ate
Nosotros (-as)……………. …… .. imos Nos (-as) comimos We ate
Vosotros (-es)……………………. isteis Vos (-as) comisteis You ate
Ustedes (formal) ……………….. ieron Ustedes comieron You ate
Ellos. Ellas............................... ieron Ellos, Ellas comieron They ate

1. Vosotros (vender) muchos libros Vosotros vendisteis muchos libros

You sold many books

2. El niño (comer) mucho El nino comio mucho

The boy ate much

3. El professor (conceder) el permiso El professor concedio el permiso

The professor conceded the permit

4. El niño (correr) por el jardin. El niño corrio por el jardin

The boy ran aroind the garden

5. Yo (comprender) la explicacion. Yo comprendi la explicacion.

I understood the explanation

6. Yo (meter) la carta en el buzon. Yo meti la carta en el buzon

I inserted the letter in the mailbox

7. Usted (aprender) pronto el español. Usted aprendio pronto el español

You learned Spanish fast

8. Ellos (coger) muchas frutas. Ellos cogieron muchas frutas.

They took many fruits

9. Yo no (leer) el periodico de ayer. Yo no lei el periodico de ayer

58
 I did not read the newspaper yesterday

10. Mi amiga (escoger) la tela azul. Mi amiga escogio la tela azul.

My friend chose the blue cloth.

Vocabularies:

Azul blue morado purple

Amarillo yellow negro black
Blanco white rosa pink
Encarnado red oro gold
Gris gray verde green

Verbos Regulares Que Terminan En “Ir”

Conjugación:

Endings VIVIR (to live)

Yo ……………........................... i Yo vivi I lived

Tú ............................................... iste Tu viviste You lived
Usted (formal)………………..… io Usted vivio You lived
El, Ella ........................................ io El, Ella vivio He,
She lived
Nosotros (-as)……………. …… .. imos Nos (-as) vivimos We lived
Vosotros (-es)……………………. isteis Vos (-as) vivisteis You lived
Ustedes (formal) ……………….. ieron Ustedes vivieron You lived
Ellos. Ellas............................... ieron Ellos, Ellas vivieron They lived

1. Ningun estudiante (abrir) el libro durante los examines

Ningun estudiante abrio el libro durante los examines No student opened the book
during the examinations
2. Yo (asistir) a la conferencia
Yo asisti a la conferencia I attended to the conference

3. Usted (recibir) muchas tarjetas de Navidad.

Usted recibio muchas tarjetas de Navidad You received many Christmas cards

59
 4. El pais (sufrir) mucho durante la guerra
El pais sufrio mucho durante la Guerra The country suffered much
during the war

5. El mensajero (cumplir) con mi encargo

El mensajero cumplio con mi encargo The messenger fulfilled my
errand

6. El acusado (recurrir) al presidente

El acusado recurrio al presidente The accused appealed to the
president

7. El decano (admitir) al estudiante

El decano admitio al estudiante. The dean admitted to the
student

8. Magallanes (descubrir) Filipinas el año 1521

Magallanes descubrio Filipinas el año 1521
Magellan discovered the Philippines in 1521

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #10

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

A. Provide the correct verb “AR” in the past tense and translate each sentence.

Ex: Maria (explicar) la lección. Maria explico la leccion

Mary explained the lesson

2. El niño (comprar) un pañuelo

3. Ella (entregar) los papeles al escribiente

4. El (aclarar) todos los puntos del caso. .

5. El cajero (sumar) todas las cuentas.

6. Yo (pintar) la casa

60
7. (Copiar) todas las cartas

8. Nadie (entrar) en la clase

9. El porter (apagar) las luces.

10. (mencionar) vuestros nombres al decano

Comprar = to buy
Entregar = to deliver
Aclarar = to clarify
Sumar = to add
Pintar = to paint
Copiar = to copy
Entrar = to enter
Apagar = to extinguish
Mencionar = to mention
Escribiente = clerk
Cajero = cashier
Porter = porter
Cuentas = bills
Luces = light
Decano=dean

B. Provide the correct verb “ER” in the present tense and translate each sentence.

Ex: Yo (meter) todos los papeles en el cajon Yo meti todos los papeles en el cajon
I inserted all the papers in the box
2. El (recoger) el dinero _______________________________________

3. El no (vender) sus libros _______________________________________

4. La tela no (encoger) mucho . ______________________________________

5.El comer poco _______________________________________

6. Ellos no (recoger) el dinero. _______________________________________

7. No (comprender) bien la explicacion ______________________________________

8. El maestro (reprender) al niño ______________________________________

61
9. El (escoger) el color verde ______________________________________

10. Alquien (romper) este sello. _______________________________________

Vender = to sell
Comer = to eat
Cometer – to commit
Romper = to break
Recoger = to collect
Encoger = to shrink
Comprender – to understand
Reprender = to reprimand
Escoger = to choose
Dinero = money
Verde = green

C. Provide the correct verb “IR” in the past tense and translate each sentence.

1. La criada (abrir) las ventanas La criada abrio las ventanas

The maid opened the windows

2. El contratista (cumplir) el contrato. _______________________________

3. Sus padres (decidir) comprar la casa ________________________________
4. El (asumnir) la responsabilidad. ________________________________
5.El guia (confundir) los nombres de las ciudade ________________________________
6. Pocos (asistir) a la junta ________________________________
7. Yo (vivir) en esa casa muchos años ________________________________
8. Yo (repartir) los dulces entre los niños ________________________________
9.Nadie (subir) al laboratorio ________________________________
10. Mi tio (dirigir) la orquesta. ________________________________

Decidir = to decide
Cumplir = to fulfill
Vivir = to live
Asistir = to attend
Repartir = to distribute

62
Subir = to go up
Dirigir = to direct
Confundir = to confuse
Contrato = contract
Orquesta = orchestra
Guia = guide
Junta = meeting

Rererences:
Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

MODULE 11:

FUTURO IMPERFECTO DE LOS VERBOS REGULARES

(Future Tense of Regular Verbs)

Overview:

Like English verbs, Spanish verbs also have tenses. This particular chapter discusses the
conjugation of Spanish verbs ending in AR, ER and IR in the future tense.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Identify Spanish verbs ending in AR, ER and IR

2. Discuss how to conjugate the verb in the future tense

63
 3. Identify some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa

Content:

The future tense of the regular verbs ending in “AR”, “ER” and “IR” is formed by adding
to the complete infinitive form the following endings” e, as , a, amos, eis, an.

Conjugation:

“CANTAR” (to sing)

Yo cantare I shall/will sing

Tu cantaras You shall/will sing
Usted cantara You shall/will sing
El, Ella cantara He, she shall/will sing
Nosotros, (as) cantaremos We shall/will sing
Vosotros (as) cantareis You will sing
Ustedes cantaran They will sing
Ellos, Ellas cantaran They will sing

1. Visitare mis amigas mañana

I will visit my friends tomorrow.

2. Mi Hermana estudiara en Manila el año que viene

My sister will study in Manila next year.

3. Ellos contestaran estas preguntas

They will answer these questions.

4. Explicare la leccion nueva

I will explain the new lesson

5. Los estudiantes completaran sus experimentos.

The students will complete their experiments

6. Sus tios llegaran de Europa pasado mañana

Their uncles will arrive from Europe the day after tomorrow

7. Tu prepararas tus lecciones para mañana

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 You will prepare your lessons for tomorrow

8. El decano hablara en la convocatoria el domingo que viene.

The dean will talk about the announcement next sunday

COMER (to eat)

Yo comere I shall/will eat

Tu comeras You shall/will eat
Usted comera You shall/will eat
El, Ell comera He, she shall/will eat
Nosotros (as) comeremos We shall/will eat
Vosotros (as) comereis You shall/will eat
Ustedes comeran You shall/will eat
Ellos, Ellas, comeran They shall/will eat

1. El perro lamera los platos

The dog will lick the plates

2. Yo cedere a mi Hermana mi puesto

I will cede to my sister my position.

3. El escogera un buen regalo

He will choose a good gift

4. Ellos intercederan por nosostros

They will intercede for us.

5. El abogado defendera bien el caso

The lawyer will defend well the case

6. Usted prometera estudiar mas

You will promise to study more.

7. Ella leere a las notas delante de la clase

She will read the notes in front of the class

8. Ella ejercera su profesion en provincias

She will exercise her profession in provinces

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 VIVIR (to live)

Yo vivire I shall/will live

Tu viviras You shall/will live
Usted vivira You shall/will live
El, Ell vivira He, she shall/will live
Nosotros (as) viviremos We shall/will live
Vosotros (as) vivireis You shall/will live
Ustedes viviran You shall/will live
Ellos, Ellas, viviran They shall/will live

1. Usted escribira varias cartas esta noche

You will write various letters tonight

2. El vivira en esa casa

He will live in that house

3. El tesorero dimitira de su cargo

The treasurer will resign from his job.

4. Algunos estudiantes subiran al tercer piso

Some students will go up to the third floor.

5. El programa consistira de dos partes

The program will consist of two parts

6. El decano suprimira dos secciones de estudiantes

The dean will supress two sections of students.

7. Ellos cumpliran bien con sus obligaciones

They will fulfil well with their obligations

8. El no permitira el cambio de hora

He will not permit the change of time.

“Adverbios De Tiempo” Para El Futuro Imperfecto

(Adverbs of Time for “Futuro Imperfecto)

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Mañana Tomorrow
Mañana por la manaña Tomorrow morning
Mañana por la tarde Tomorrow afternoon
Mañana por la noche Tomorrow evening or tomorrow night
El año que viene next year
El mes que viene next month
La semana que viene next week
El curso que viene next school year
El semestre que viene next semester
Al dia siguiente the next day
Esta noche tonight, this evening
Despues afterward
Esta tarde this afternoon
Pasado mañana the day after tomorrow
Luego by and by
El domingo que viene next Sunday
El lunes que viene next Monday
Dentro de un rato after a while
Dentro de unos dias in a few days
Dentro de una hora in an hour
Dentro de un mes within a month
Algun dia someday

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Evaluation: EJERCICIO #11

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

A. Provide the correct verb “AR” in the future tense and translate each sentence.

1. Ustedes (pagar) los billetes (EXAMPLE)

Ustedes pagaran los billetes

You will pay the tickets.

2. Esos Estudiantes (ganar) en el concurso de oratoria (to win)

3. El niño (sacar) el examen mañana (to take)
4. El correo (llegar) pasado mañana (to arrive)
5. EL doctor (visitar) a sus pacientes (to buy)
6. Mis tios (comprar) dos casas el ano que viene (to buy)
7. Todos nosotros (pasar) en los examines (to pass)
8. Mañana, nosotros (visitar) a tus padres (to visit)
9. Vosotros (descansar) bien despues del paseo (to rest)
10. Yo (enviar) un telegram esta tarde (to submit)

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #11

68
Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

B. Provide the correct verb “ER” in the future tense and translate each sentence.

1. El niño (prometer) a su madre ser bueno

2. Mi hermano (leer) este libro
3. Yo (escoger) la contribucion de los niños
4. Ellos (meter) los libros en el cajon de la mesa.
5. El (esconder) sus juguetes
6. Yo nunca (beber) licores Fuertes
7. Mi primo (ceder) su asiento a la niña.
8. Que (escoger) el niño, la bola o el libro?
9. Mis padres (vender) el coche a un precio razonable
10. El paciente no (comer) toda la racion.

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #11

69
Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

C. Provide the correct verb “IR” in the future tense and translate each sentence

1. Ellos (vivir) en provincias

2. Yo (vivir) content en este pueblo.

3. Yo no (escribir) cartas esta noche

4. Las niñas (subir) a la terraza

5. Yo (recibir) a mis amigos el domingo que viene (to receive)

6. Usted (permitir) al niño leer el libro

7. Algunos obreros (exigir) aumento de salaries (to demand)

8. Yo (vivir) content en este pueblo

9. El escribiente (dimitir) de su cargo a fin de año.

10. Ellos (cumplir) con sus obligaciones

Vocabularies:

Billetes = tickets
Concurso de oratoria = Oratorical contest
Medicina = medicine
Ser bueno = to be good
Licores Fuertes = strong liquors
Precio razonable = reasonable price
Toda la racion = the whole ration
Terraza = roof garden
Aumento = increase, raise
Salaries = salaries
Contento = pleased, contented

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 De su cargo = from his job
Fin de año = end of the year
Obligaciones = obligations, duties
Escribiente = clerk
Correo = mail
Paseo = walk
Juguetes = toys
Asiento = seat

Rererences:
Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

MODULE 12:

PRETERITO INDEFINIDO DE LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES

“SER, ESTAR, TENER”
(Past Tense of the Irregular Verbs SER, ESTAR, TENER)

Overview:

Like English verbs, Spanish verbs also have tenses. This particular chapter discusses the
conjugation of Spanish Irregular verbs ending in AR, ER and IR in the past tense.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Identify Spanish irregular verbs ending in AR, ER and IR

2. Discuss how to conjugate irregular verbs in the future tense
3. Identify some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
4. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa

Content:

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Conjugation:
IRREGULAR VERBS

SER ESTAR TENER

Yo fui (I was) estuve (I was) tuve I had

Tu fuiste (You were) estuviste (You were) tuviste You had

Usted fue (You were) estuvo (You were) tuvo You had

El, Ella fue (He, she was) estuvo (He, she was) tuvo He,

she had

Nosotros, (as) fuimos (We were) estuvimos (We were) tuvimos We had

Vosotros (as) fuisteis (You were) estuvisteis (You were) tuvisteis You had

Ustedes fueron (You were) estuvieron (You were) tuvieron You had

Ellos, Ellas fueron (They were) estuvieron (They were) tuvieron They had

1. El fue el primero en contestar

He was the first in aswering.
2. Ellos fueron muy corteses
They were very courteous.
3. Ellos fueron muy aplicados
They were very studious.
4. Marta fue presidenta de esta seccion
Marta was the president of this section.
5. La casa fue suya por tres años.
The house was yours for three years.
6. Mi amigo estuyo ausente.
My friend was absent.
7. Todos estuvieron en los juegos de ayer.
All were in the games yesterday
8. No estuvimos ausentes en la conferencia.
We were not absent in the meeting
9. Ellos estuvieron en provincias.
They were in provinces.
10. Yo estuve en la biblioteca
I was in the library
11. Usted tuvo muchos amigos.
You had many friends
12. El tuvo fiebre.
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 He had fever.
13. La compaña tuvo empleados honrados
The company had honest employees.
Evaluation: EJERCICIO #12

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

A. Fill in the correct irregular verb “AR” in the past tense and translate each sentence

1. Yo _________ estudiante de esta Universidad

2. Nosotros _________ miembros del club el ano pasado

3. El año pasado, mi primo _________ pensionado por el gobierno

4. Vosotros _________ initados al concierto

5. Quien de ellos _________ el que firmo la queja?

6. Quien _________ el director de esa pelicula?

7. El no _________ el primero de la clase el mes pasado

8. Usted _________ el profesor de baile de mi prima.

Vocabularies:

Miembros = members
Pensionado = pensioned
Por = by
El gobierno = the government
De ellos = of them

73
La queja = the complaint
Gano = won
Pelicula = movie picture
El primero = the first
De la clase = of the class
Compañero = companion
Al baile = to the dance
Muy listo = very clever
Abogado = lawyer

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #12

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

B. Fill in the correct irregular verb “ER” in the past tense and translate each sentence

1. Nosotros _________ en la fiesta del pueblo

2. El _________ enfermo
3. Yo _________ en el concierto
4. Cuantos _________ en la capilla?

74
 5. Cunatos _________ en la fiesta
6. Yo _________ en el teatro
7. Quien _________ en la oficina del decano?
8. Ella _________ de pie toda la hora?

Vocabularies:

Fiesta del pueblo = town fiesta

Concierto = concert
Capilla = chapel
Cuantos = how many?
Aqui = here
Teatro = theater
De pie = standing
Toda la hora = the whole hour
Enfermo = sick

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #12

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

C. Fill in the correct irregular verb “IR” in the past tense and translate each sentence

1. Ustedes _________ trabajo el lunes pasado

2. Yo no _________ tiempo de escribir la carta
3. El no _________ interes en la leccion
4. Usted _________ buenas oportunidades
5. Ellos no _________ trabajo
6. El estudiante _________ carta de su padre
7. Mi condiscipulo _________ notas altas en español

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 8. La compaña company _________ buenos empleados

Vocabularies:

Trabajo = work, job

Tiempo = time
Carta = letter
Interes = interest
Oportunidades = opportunities, chances
Por mucho tiempo = for a long time
Buenos empleados = good employees

Rererences:
Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge
FUTURO IMPERFECTO DE LOS VERBOS
“SER, ESTAR, TENER”
(Future Tense of Regular Verbs, SER, ESTAR, TENER)

Overview:

Like English verbs, Spanish verbs also have tenses. This particular chapter discusses the
conjugation of Spanish irregular verbs SER, ESTAR and TENER in the future tense.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. Discuss how to conjugate the irregular verbs Ser, Estar and Tener in the future tense
2. Identify some Spanish vocabularies in addition.
3. Translate Spanish sentences into English and vice versa

Content:

SER (shall/will be)

76
 Yo sere (I shall/will be)
Tu seras (You shall/will be)
Usted sera (You shall/will be)

El, Ella sera (He, she shall/will be)

Nosotros, (as) seremos (We shall/will be)

Vosotros (as) sereis (We shall/will be)
Ustedes seran (You shall/will be)
Ellos, Ellas seran (They shall.will be)
ESTAR (shall/will be)
Yo estare (I shall/will be)
Tu estaras (You shall/will be)
Usted estara (You shall/will be)

El, Ella estara (He, she shall/will be)

Nosotros, (as) estaremos (We shall/will be)
Vosotros (as) estareis (We shall/will be)
Ustedes estaran (You shall/will be)
Ellos, Ellas estaran (They shall.will be)
TENER (shall/will have)

Yo tendre (I shall/will have)

Tu tendras (You shall/will have)
Usted tendra (You shall/will have)

El, Ella tendra (He, she shall/will have)

Nosotros, (as) tendremos (We shall/will have)

Vosotros (as) tendreis (We shall/will have)
Ustedes tendran (You shall/will have)
Ellos, Ellas tendran (They shall/will have)

1. Yo sere doctor
I will be a doctor
2. Ellos seran buenos novelistas

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 They will be good novelists
3. El sera el president de la clase
He will be the president of the class
4. Mi hermano sera abogado
My brother will be a lawyer
5. Ustedes seran artistas
You will be actors
6. Usted estara en clase a tiempo
You will be in class on time
7. Nosotros estaremos listos
We will be ready.
8. Algunos estudiantes estaran en la cantina
Some students will be in the canteen.
9. Ellos estaran quietos en la clase
They will be quiet in the class.
10. Mi amigo estara en la playa
My friend will be in the beach.
11. Yo tendre noticias de mi amiga
I will have news from my friend.
12. Mi madre tendra un rosario de plata
My mother will have a silvery rosary.
13. Ustedes tendran dos examines mañana
You will have two examinations tomorrow.
14. Usted tendra la nota mas alta en esta asignatura
You will have higher grade in this subject.
15. Todos tendran la misma oportunidad.
All will have the same opportunity.

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #13

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

A. Provide the correct irregular verb “SER” in the future tense and translate each
sentence

1. Nosotros ____________ felices.

78
 2. Los niños ____________ buenos.

3. Ellos ____________ puntuales

4. Vosotros ____________ buenos compañeros.

5. Nosotros ____________ mas aplicados

6. Ellos ____________ sacerdotes

7. Tu ____________ obediente

8. La niña ____________ famosa

9. Ellos ____________ buenos escritores.

10. Nuestros amigos ____________ aviadores.

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #13

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

B. Provide the correct irregular verb “ESTAR” in the future tense and translate each
sentence

1. Quien _____________ en clase mañana.

79
 2. Ustedes ____________ preparados para el examen

3. El ____________ alegre con sus notas

4. Usted ____________ aqui antes de junio.

5. Nosotros ____________ en clase toda la hora.

6. Yo ____________ dos dias en provincias

7. Sus primos ____________ solos en su casa

8. Ellos ____________ en la oficina del decano

9. Ella ____________ cerca de la puerta.

10. Donde ____________ los perros?

Evaluation: EJERCICIO #13

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

C. Provide the correct irregular verb “TENER” in the future tense and translate each
sentence

1. Yo ____________ mejores notas este semestre

80
 2. El ____________ dos billetes para el teatro

3. Usted ____________ la contestacion hoy

4. Su amigo ____________ que vender la casa.

5. You ____________ un nuevo coche este año

6. Ellos ____________ examines luego.

7. Ustedes ____________ cinco preguntas en el examen.

8. El no ____________ paciencia para enseñar

9. El avion ____________ que retrasar la salida

10. Vosotros no ____________ que pagar nada.

Vocabularies:

Sacerdotes = priests
Escritores = writers
Aviadores = aviators, pilots
Preparados = prepared, ready
Antes de junio = before June
Perros = dogs
Solos = alone

81
Cerca de = near
Hoy = today
Nuevo = new
Luego = by and by
Cinco = five
Salida = departure
Nada = nothing
Felices = happy
Famosa = famous
Mejores = better
Contestacion = reply
Ensenar = to teach
Retrasar = to delay
Pagar = to pay

Rererences:
Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de
Español (Rev. ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA:
Routledge

Evaluation: FINAL EXAM

Name: _______________________________________ DATE: ____________________

Course & Year: _______________________________ CAMPUS: _________________

Translate.

Jose Rizal nacio en Calamba, Laguna, el 19 de junio de 1861. Su madre fue su primera
maestra. Paso a Biñan a continuar sus estudios. Cuando estuvo preparado para estudios mas
avanzados vino a Manila y ingreso en el Ateneo de Manila. Fue muy estimado por sus
profesores. Se distinguio en las asignaturas de Filosofia y Letras. Recibio premios por sus
poesias una de ellas fue “ A la juventud Filipina”.

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 Despues paso a la Universidad de Santo Tomas para estudiar la Carrera de Medicina. En
1884 embarco para España y en la Universidad Central de Madrid completo sus estudios de
Medicina. Viajo por Europa y se perfecciono en varias lenguas.

Fue estudiante insaciable, trabajador infatigable, patriota ejemplar y poeta de gran

inspiracion.

Al estallar de revolucion de 1896, Rizal fue complicado en el movimiento subversive y

condenado a muerte. En el parque nacional, la Luneta, se levanto un monumento para perpetuar
su memoria.

ANSWER:

Vocabularies:

Nacio = was born

Ingreso = registered
Una de ellas = one of them
Carrera = course
Viajo = he travelled
Ejemplar = exemplary
Cunado = when
Vino = he came
Estallar = broke out
Estudios mas Avanzados = advanced studies
Se distinguio = he distinguished himself
Embarco = sailed

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Insaciable = insatiable
Paso = He passed
Estudios = studies
Continuar = to continue
Se levanta = he raise
Parque = park
Complicated = complicated
Al estallar de revolucion = when the revolution exploded
Patriota ejemplar = exemplary patriot
Se perfecciono = he perfected himself
Completo = he completed
Recibio = he received
Por sus profesores = by his professors
movimiento subversive = subversive movement
condenado = was condemned
muerte = death
Muy estimado = highly regarded
Preparado = preparing
Filosofia y letras = Philosophy and letters.
trabajador infatigable = tireless worker
A la juventud Filipina = to the Philippine Youth
Varias lenguas = various languages
Poeta de gran inpiracion= poet of great inspiration
Se levanto = he lifted himself
Perpetuar = to perpetuate

Rererences:
Perez, C., & Lecaroz, L. (1971). Spanish Two: For College Students Libro de Ejercicios de Español (Rev.
ed.). Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Arnaiz, C., & Wilkie I. (2006). Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook. New York, USA: Routledge

84