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Dairying (DAI)
Paper-I
Theory – 40
Practical - 60
Unit.I Dairy farming Dairying -introduction. History & Present status of dairy farm produces
Basics in India & Odisha.
Scope of development in cattle wealth , Human diet & of Dairy
enterprises, farmers and supporting professionals.
Setting up a Dairy farm- aspe ts to o sider; far er’s eligi ility& riti al
needs. Opportunities, shortcomings & challenges. Making up
entrepreneurial deficiencies.
Supporting & dependant activities to Dairy farming
Broad idea on Cattle & buffalo morphology, productive traits , behavior
& Habitat- under domestication
Unit.II Stocking of .Importance of herd composition; Goodness cattle & buffalo ratios.
animals, herd Planning of herd size & quality.
improvement Recognised Cattle & Buffalo breeds of India , Odisha & Exotic donor
and breeds used . Outlines on salient characteristics & productivity , milk
maintenance. yield & quality.
Stocking strategies. Breeding policies - National & Odisha. Factors whilst
selecting foundation stock.
Principles of genetical improvement of breeds. Systems of breeding.
Maintenance of blood level.
Selection & culling based on records & Judging
.Procurement of Dairy animals, Soundness certification, legal requisites
and insurance cover.
Mode of Transport, quarantine, Care during transportation & post
procurement.
Unit.III Preparation and Ideal environment for wellbeing of livestock. Site for a dairy farm-
maintenance of considering available resources, legal, economic & other factors.
Dairy Systems of cattle rearing- Suitability Dairy housing for different systems
Accommodation
Hygiene , sanitation, safety in dairy farms.
Construction of structures, use of space & money saving techniques.
Fittings & fixtures for accommodation , Tools & equipments - their
maintenance & storage.
Waste & carcass management. Study of Production, bottling , storage &
distribution of Biogas.
Unit.IV Forage Importance of Forage; Status of pastures, grass lands & forage
Production cultivation in Odisha & India. Challenges to fodder production in
Odisha.
Soil - types, topography , chemical & physical properties. Soil fertility &
productivity . Relation of meteorology, water availability & soil
properties to forage production.
Fodder crops –selection. Tillage of soil and cultivation practices for
cereals , legumes & grasses. Application of manure, fertilizers
,pesticides- merits & demerits.
Crop rotation, inter cropping & cropping schemes.
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Relevance of Irrigation & drainage systems for forage production.
Maintaining soil health & productivity.
Organic forage production.
Stages of harvest of different fodder crops. Loss minimization tips.
Fodder seed production & storage.
Use of grass, fodder & lopped leaves as green forage. Merits of
Chaffing & diet dosing of green fodder.
Practical Utility of milk in human diet.
External & Internal Anatomical outlines of cow
Identification with salient traits of important breeds of Indian
Dairy, draft & dual cattle, Exotic donor breeds, Buffalo breeds.
Common terms used in Dairy Farming & cattle markets.
Diagrammatic representation to maintain blood level in Cross bred
& Full blood animals.
Study of Dairy wedges
Preparation & use of score card for judging of milch cow.
Restraint, leading & handling of Cattle & buffaloes
Determination of age basing dentition.
Ear Tagging & branding of animals.
Study of a soundness certificate and Monetary transaction
document at purchase of a milch cow.
Study & filling up of cattle insurance proposal form.
Enlisting of Mandatory requirements for animal transport.
Floor space requirements for different age & stage of dairy animals.
Preparation of Design for a Dairy farm & byres.
List of tools & equipments used in a milch cow byre.
Dairy farm-waste disposal designs
Study of a Biogas plant, Composition & utility of Biogas.
Study of Forage growing areas in India & Odisha
Identification of major forages & their productivity.
Identification of Fodder & their seeds /stumps
Preparation of a Design of a fodder plot.
Study of a chaff cutter.
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Paper-II
Theory – 40
Practical - 60
Unit.I Feeds & Importance of good nutrition to dairy animals. Digestive system of adult
feeding of ruminants & calves. Physiology of Digestion, absorption & utilization.
Dairy Classification of feeds. Concentrates, Roughages, Feed supplements &
animals additives and water - their role & nutritional values. Importance of
good quality of feed & water.
Ration requirement for maintenance & production stages. DCP & TDN-
Formulation principle for mixed concentrates
Feeding of dairy animals at different age and stages.
Value added provender- Bypass protein & Fat, Chelated minerals, Pre &
pro-biotic, NPN. Manipulative measures to reduce feed cost & increase
FCR & gain advantages.
Anti-nutritive factors and adulterants in common feedstuff - combating
maneuvers.
Feed stuff procurement– BIS Standards . Quality control of feed &
packing. storage of feed.
Unit.II Care & Importance of timely proper care of Dairy animals. Factors contributing
Managemen to wellbeing of animals. Providing Basic needs like Balanced diet, Clean
t of Dairy water, comfortable ambience & Fresh air & exercise etc. – common to
cattle all categories.
Special attention to different categories of animals. Routine & casual
attention in dairy farm.
Necessity of proper Health care of dairy animals. Losses due to health
hazards. Signs of health & illness.
Out lines on infectious and metabolic diseases of cattle & Buffalo.
Recognition of Redline symptoms of important diseases. Steps for
prompt treatment & Vet First Aid.
Concept on Prevention & control of Diseases in farm animals. Immunity
system & vaccines & its effect.. Prevention of calf mortality, Abortions
& mastitis. Control & eradication of Parasitic diseases.
Recognition of common health problems not necessitating a veterinary
Doctors attention; treatment & care at farm level.
Unit.III Dairy cattle Concepts of animal reproduction. Merits of A I mediated planned
head & breeding of female animals in the farm. Vet- Embryo -transfer ,
Milk Synchronized mass AI concept & facilities available.
production. Broad idea on Anatomy & physiology of reproductive system in cattle &
Idea on buffaloes.
Quality Oestrus symptoms & detection. Choice of semen & Timing of AI.
improveme Pregnancy diagnosis & special care of Pregnant animals and udder
nt & value development regimes.
addition of
AI techniques , Idea on Frozen semen straw production , handling,
milk.
transport & storage..
Infertility and other breeding failures in the farm. Causes & remedial
steps. Parturition- Symptoms and Mechanism. Dystokea & ROP etc.
problems and points to intervene.
Unit.IV Dairy Importance of economic viability in a dairy enterprise. General
entreprene principles of accounts keeping . Maintaining of traditional and e-
urship & accounts & records and balance sheets.
Organized Structure & functions of organized Dairy Cooperative setups in Odisha.
Marketing How milk producers and other stake holders mutually benefit from this
and sector. Registration of business firms; producer groups & companies.
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extension. Pollution control, SPCA, Consumer protection , cattle tress pass,
Prevailing Milk & Milk product Laws. Cattle and Micro-insurance
schemes. Labor laws & zoonosis. Provident Fund and other welfare
benefit options available to employees.
Extension methods & Techniques. Need of training to employees &
other stakeholders. Crises management & conflict resolution in workers.
Practical Identification of feed stuff with TDN & DCP values for cattle.
Identification of feed additives & promoters.
Computation of ration with locally available feed stuff.
Recognition of inedibility in feedstuff by organo- leptic test.
BIS standard for cattle feeds of diff categories.
Study of water provisions & sanitization in farm. (VISIT)
Study of cattle feed manufacturing (VISIT)
Formulation of concentrate mix using Pearson’s Square
Preparation of hand mixed feed concentrate at farm.
Preparation of Artificial colostrums & calf starter.
Feeding calves using sterilized feeding bottles. (VISIT)
Maintenance of pedigree sheet for a milch cow of a dairy farm.
Steps to combat stress to farm animals in hot humid weather.
Observation & trial of hand milking & udder care. (VISIT)
Observing vital steps to clean milk production(VISIT)
Study of Process of Weaning , Drying off .
Familiarizing with Maintenance of different records.
Sample Routine of Daily & Casual works.
Observing Vaccination of animals & study of Vaccine calendar
Administration of medications- drenching, spray etc.
Performing Castration(closed), dehorning , hoof trimming.
Enlisting First –aid steps to animals in emergencies
Observing parenteral administration of drugs to animals
Practice of drain of abscess, wound dressing & bandaging .
Knowing medicaments - label , Expiry date & storage etc.
