Personal Pronouns ‫الضمائر الشخصية‬

Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns

Subject form Object form possessive
possessive pronoun
adjective ‫الضمائر االنعكاسية‬
‫الفاعل‬ ‫المفعول به‬ ‫صفات الملكية‬
‫ضمائر الملكية‬

I me my mine myself
you you your yours ‫ مفرد‬yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours ‫ جمع‬ourselves
they them their theirs themselves
Examples: :‫أمثلة‬
My house is on the corner. I saw her book on your table.
The house on the corner is mine. His hair is longer than hers.
He wants to borrow my book. My dog is better than their dog.
We liked that movie, it was really funny. The kids are yours, mine, and ours.
I so appreciated his helping out. Whose book is on our desk?
I made it for you and me. They are my birds. I like them.
Their mocking of him was inappropriate. The house is theirs and its paint is flaking.
She gave me her book. Is his car really that fast?
It is not difficult. I can answer it by myself. The money was really theirs not yours.
Did you write your homework yourself? We shall finally have what is rightfully ours.
Write your homework yourselves. Their mother gets along well with yours.
We can paint the kitchen ourselves. Your cat is pretty. Its eyes are blue.
I made the cake myself. What's mine is yours, my friend.
They painted their house themselves. Never underestimate one's value to his family.
Ali solved the problem himself. Their singing inspired us very much.
John made himself pancakes for breakfast. It is your cat. The cat is yours.
My mom made this dress herself. My house is smaller than his.
The teacher read all of the essays himself. I appreciate your understanding of the matter.

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6
 The Verb ( To be ) ‫يكون‬

The forms of the verb (to be)

‫المضارع البسيط‬ ‫الماضي البسيط‬ ‫التصريف الثالث‬
be am – is - are Was - were been
‫األزمنة‬ ‫الضمائر‬ ‫الصيغة‬ ‫األمثلة‬
Base form ‫المصدر‬ Pronouns be It can be simple.
I am I am here.
You are You are here.
‫المضاع البسيط‬
He/She/It is She is here.
Simple Present
We are We are here.
They are They are here.
I was I was here.
You were You were here.
‫الماضي البسيط‬
He/She/It was She was here.
Simple Past
We were We were here.
They were They were here.
I will be I will be here.
You will be You will be here.
‫المستقبل البسيط‬
He/She/It will be She will be here.
Simple Future
We will be We will be here.
They will be They will be here.
Progressive form ‫األزمنة المستمرة‬ being He is being taken to school by bus.
Perfect from ‫األزمنة التامة‬ been It has been done.

The verb ( to be ) in passive Voice: :‫في المبني للمجهول‬

. ‫للمضارع البسيط‬ ‫ ) للجمع‬are ( ‫و‬ ‫) للمفرد‬ is ( ‫ نضع‬- 1

. ‫للماضي البسيط‬ ‫ ) للجمع‬were ( ‫ ) للمفر د و‬was ( ‫ نضع‬- 2
(to - shall - should - must - may- might - will - would - can - could ( ‫ ) بعد‬be ) ‫ نضع‬- 3
) have – has – had ( ‫ ) بعد‬been ( ‫ نضع‬- 4
) were - was – are - is - am ( ‫بعد‬ )being( ‫ نضع‬- 5

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7
 The Verb ( To have ) ‫يملك‬

( have – has ) → had ‫المضارع البسيط‬ ‫الماضي البسيط‬ ‫التصريف الثالث‬ ‫المستمر‬
I – you- we - they have had had having
he - she - it has had had having

have - has

‫السؤال‬ ‫اإلثبات‬ ‫النفي‬

Do you have a car? I have a car. I don’t have a car.
Do they have a car? They have a car. They don’t have a car.
Do we have a car? You have a car. You don’t have a car.
Do the boys have a car The boys have a car. The boys don’t have a car.
Does he have a car? He has a car. He doesn’t have a car.
Does she have a car? She has a car. She doesn’t have a car.
Does Ali have a car? Ali has a car. Ali doesn’t have a car.

have got - has got

‫السؤال‬ ‫اإلثبات‬ ‫النفي‬

Have you got a car? I have got a car. I haven’t got a car.
Have they got a car? They have got a car. They haven’t got a car.
Have we got a car? You have got a car. You haven’t got a car.
Have the boys got a car? The boys have got a car. The boys haven’t got a car.
Has he got a car? He has got a car. He hasn’t got a car.
Has she got a car? She has got a car. She hasn’t got a car.
Has Ali got a car? Ali has got a car. Ali hasn’t got a car.

Have to ‫بمعنى يجب‬

Do you have to go? I have to go. I don’t have to go.

Does he have to go? ‫السؤال‬ He has to go. ‫اإلثبات‬ He doesn’t have to go ‫النفي‬
Did she have to go? She had to go. She didn’t have to go.

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8
 Passive Voice ‫المبني للمجهول‬

. ً ‫◄ نضع المفعول به كامال ً أول الجملة وال نذكر الفاعل إال إذا كان ضروريا‬
. ‫للمضارع البسيط‬ ‫ ) للجمع‬are ( ‫ ) للمفرد و‬is ( ‫ نضع‬- 1
. ‫للماضي البسيط‬ ‫ ) للجمع‬were ( ‫ ) للمفر د و‬was ( ‫ نضع‬- 2
(to - shall - should - must -may- might - will - would - can - could ( ‫ ) بعد‬be ) ‫ نضع‬- 3
) have – has – had ( ‫ ) بعد‬been ( ‫ نضع‬- 4
) were - was – are - is - am ( ‫) بعد‬being( ‫ نضع‬- 5
.‫◄ نحول الفعل إلى التصريف الثالث في جميع الحاالت‬
Examples:
1- We keep falcons for hunting.
Falcons are kept for hunting .
2- I write my homework everyday.
My homework is written everyday.
3- Thieves stole a precious painting from the museum.
A precious painting was stolen from the museum.
4- The governments prepared our schools very well.
Our schools were prepared very well.
5- The man will build a big house next year.
A big house will be built next year.
6- Students should respect teachers.
Teachers should be respected.
7- Huda has finished the exams.
The exams have been finished.
8- We have finished the English exam.
The English exam has been finished.
9- We are studying English now .
English is being studied now .
10-We are playing many sports in the club.
Many sports are being played in the club.

) was ‫ إلى‬were (‫ ) و‬is ‫ إلى‬are ( ‫ ( و‬has ‫ إلى‬have ( ‫ نحول‬:‫مالحظة‬

. ‫إذا كان المفعول به مفرد و العكس إذا كان المفعول به جمع‬

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9
 ‫انمزحهة انزابؼة‬
‫و د صابزٌه ٌادي حىش‬
 Conjunctions ‫أدَات انزبط‬

Conjunctions ‫أدَات انزبط‬
when, whenever, as, as soon as, while, after, before, until,
since

These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of

time with the main sentence.

‫أدواث انزبط ٌذي حزبط انجمم انظزفيت انذانت عهى انوقج مع انجمهت‬
.‫انزئيسيت‬
:‫مثال‬
I found a watch. I was walking in the street.
I found a watch while I was walking in the street.
Adverbial Clause of Place
‫انجمم انظزفيت انذانت عهى انمكان‬

Conjunctions: ‫أدَات انزبط‬
where, wherever
These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of
place with the main sentence.

.‫أدَات انزبط ٌذي تزبط انجمم انظزفٍة انذانة ػهى انمكان مغ انجمهة انزئٍسٍة‬

:‫مثال‬
Wherever he goes his brother follows him.
Adverbial Clause of Cause
‫انجمم انظزفيت انذانت عهى انسبب‬

Conjunctions:
because, since, as
These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial •
clause of cause with the main sentence.

.‫أدواث انزبط ٌذي حزبط انجمم انظزفيت انذانت عهى انسبب مع انجمهت انزئيسيت‬

:‫مثال‬
I stayed at home yesterday because it was raining
 ‫‪Adverbial Clause of Manner‬‬
‫انجمم انظزفيت انذانت عهى انسهوك‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪Conjunctions:‬‬ ‫أدَات انزبط‬
‫‪As, as if, as though‬‬
‫‪These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪clause of manner with the main sentence.‬‬
‫أدَات انزبط ٌذي تزبط انجمم انظزفٍة انذانة ػهى انسهُك مغ انجمهة انزئٍسٍة‪.‬‬
‫ماظً غٍز حقٍقً‪.‬‬ ‫دائما ً ٌأتً بؼذ‬
‫مثال‪:‬‬
‫‪He speaks as if he were a king.‬‬
‫ألوٍا غٍز حقٍقٍة َ مجزد خٍال‪.‬‬ ‫بذالً مه‬ ‫الحظ استخذاو‬
‫‪It looks as if it would rain.‬‬
‫ٌَُ ماظً غٍز حقٍقً َ أوٍا مجزد تُقغ‪.‬‬ ‫بذالً مه‬ ‫الحظ استخذاو‬
 Adverbial Clause of
Purpose
 ‫انجمم انظزفيت‬
‫انذانت عهى انغزض‬ Conjunctions: ‫أدَات انزبط‬
that, so that, in order that
These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of purpose with the main
sentence.
.‫أدَات انزبط ٌذي تزبط انجمم انظزفٍة انذانة ػهى انغزض مغ انجمهة انزئٍسٍة‬

a) We use (may + infinitive) when the main verb is in the present or

future.
.‫انمصذر) ػىذما ٌكُن انفؼم انزئٍسً فً انمعارع أَ انمستقبم‬+‫وستخذو (ربما‬
:‫مثال‬
He works hard. He wishes to succeed.
He works hard so that (that or in order that) he may succeed.

b) We use (might + infinitive) when the main verb is in the simple

past.
.‫انمصذر) ػىذما ٌكُن انفؼم انزئٍسً فً انماظً انبسٍط‬+‫وستخذو (ربما‬
:‫مثال‬
He was walking quickly in order that he might not be late.
Adverbial Clause of Result
‫انجمم انظزفيت انذانت عهى انىخيجت‬

We use: to link the main sentence with the adverbial
clause of result.
so + adjective or adverb + that such + noun+ that

.‫تستخذو ٌذي انصٍغات نزبط انجمم انظزفٍة انذانة ػهى انىتٍجة مغ انجمهة انزئٍسٍة‬

:‫مثال‬
The man is so weak that he cannot walk.
The student walked so slowly that he reached school late.
He wrote such good answers that he got he marks.
It was such a good performance that everybody applauded.
 Adverbial Clause of
Contrast
 ‫انجمم انظزفيت‬
‫انذانت عهى انخىاقض‬
Conjunctions: ‫أدَات انزبط‬
though, although
These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of contrast
with the main sentence.
.‫أدَات انزبط ٌذي تزبط انجمم انظزفٍة انذانة ػهى انتىاقط مغ انجمهة انزئٍسٍة‬

:‫مثال‬
He is poor. He is happy.
Although (though) he is poor, he is happy.
 Adverbial Clause of
Contrast
 ‫انجمم انظزفيت‬
‫انذانت عهى انمقاروت‬
Conjunctions: ‫أدَات انزبط‬
as….as, so……as
These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of •
contrast with the main sentence.

.‫أدَات انزبط ٌذي تزبط انجمم انظزفٍة انذانة ػهى انمقاروة مغ انجمهة انزئٍسٍة‬

:‫مثال‬
Nabeel is as clever as his father. •
Sami is not so strong as his brother. •
 Adverbial Clause of
Condition
‫انجمم انظزفيت‬
‫انذانت عهى انحانت‬
Conjunctions: ‫أدَات انزبط‬
if, unless (if not)
These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of
condition with the main sentence.
.‫أدَات انزبط ٌذي تزبط انجمم انظزفٍة انذانة ػهى انحانة مغ انجمهة انزئٍسٍة‬
:‫أمثهة‬
If we are ill, we go to bed. (conditional if type 1)
If we work hard, we will succeed. (conditional if type 1)
If we worked hard, we would succeed. (conditional if type 2)
If he had fallen, he would have hurt himself. (conditional if type 3)
Unless the rain falls, the crops will not grow. (conditional if type 1)
 ‫مثهً مثم‬ ‫‪as……..as‬‬
‫بانضبط ]‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫[‬
‫‪not‬نيس مثهً مثم‬
‫‪ as….as‬‬
‫‪as……..as‬‬ ‫مثهً مثم [بانعبط ]‬

‫يسخخذو ٌذا االصطالح حيه وجود مساواة بيه حانيه‪.‬‬

‫‪Ahmed drives as dangerously as his brother.‬‬

‫‪not as……..as‬‬ ‫نٍس مثهً مثم‬

‫يسخخذو ٌذا االصطالح في حانت عذو وجود مساواة بيه حانيه‪.‬‬

‫‪Hamad does not drive as dangerously as his brother.‬‬

 GRAMMER

PART 2

BY

DR. THURAYA KHALED

www.expressenglish.4t.com Omar AL-Hourani
 :English Letters

: -
:Capital Letters /

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

:Small Letters /

a b c d e f g h I j k l m n
o p q r s t u b w x y z

.Vowel Letters ( ) A,E,I,O,U -

.Consonant Letters -

:Numbers of English
: /

0 Zero
1 One
2 Two
3 Three
4 Four
5 Five
6 Six
7 Seven

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 8 Eight
9 Nine
10 Ten

: /

11 Eleven
12 Twelve
13 Thirteen
14 Fourteen
15 Fifteen
16 Sixteen
17 Seventeen
18 Eighteen
19 Nineteen

: /

20 Twenty
30 Thirty
40 Forty
50 Fifty
60 Sixty
70 Seventy
80 Eighty
90 Ninety

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 100 Hundred
1000 Thousand
1000000 Million

: /

1st First
2nd Second
3rd Third
4th Fourth
5th Fifth
6th Sixth
7th Seventh
8th Eighth
9th Ninth
10th Tenth
11th Eleventh
12th Twelfth
13th Thirteenth
14th Fourteenth
15th Fifteenth
20th Twentieth
30th Thirtieth
40th Fortieth
50th Fiftieth
51st Fifth First
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 62nd Sixth Second
83rd Eighth Third
100th Hundredth
1000th Thousandth
1000000th Millionth
- Last

: /

: (
Twenty six : 26

Thirty seven : 37

Forty three : 43

Fifty five : 55

Sixty one : 61

Seventy four : 74

Eighty two : 82

Ninety eight : 98

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 : (

One hundred thirty one : 131

Nine hundred eight : 908

Three hundred twelve : 312

Five hundred eleven : 511

: (

One thousand two hundred thirty five : 1235

Three thousand five hundred twelve : 3512

Fourteen thousand three hundred five : 14305

: 651345

Six hundred fifty one thousand three hundred forty five

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 : 2453212

Two million four hundred fifty three thousand two hundred twelve

:English Nouns

Ali ) book apple school house : -

.(America Syria Anas Ahmed
: ." " -
.( )
. : . :
."the" -
.(school , the school) :
school : , the school :
."a , an" -
" "

an a
an a
.
an apple , a school :

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 " sugar water : . a , an -
."
I drink a water.
I drink water.

. -
school à schools : . "s" -

bus , fly :
: %
bus à buss , fly à flys
:
buses , flies
" "

. a , an -
I bought a toys.
I bought toys.

:English Verbs
: -
.V3 " " - V2 " " - V1 " "
Present V1 - Past V2 - Past Participle V3.

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 ." "
: -

:Regular Verbs (

:" " ."ed"

play - played - played
Irregular Verbs (
:" " " " .
eat - ate - eaten
drink - drank - drunk
" "

: -
:Past /

. : . -
"ed" -
.Regular Verbs

Love , Cry
: %
Love à Loveed , Cry à Cryed
:
Loved , Cried
" "

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 :Present /

play : . " " -

.sit eat drink

:Imperative /

drink play : . " " -

sit eat

:-s

. "-s" -
:"ss" "s" "ch" "sh" "z" -
bus à buses : .-es -s
: "o" -
do à does : .-es -s
:
Photo à Photos , Video à Videos , Kilo à Kilos ,
Piano à Pianos
: "y" -
worry à worries : .-ies y -s
Harry à Harrys :

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 :-ing

. "-ing" -
: "e" -
come à coming : .-ing e -ing
be à being :
+ + -
." " -ing
.run à running : .-ing -ing

:-ed

"-ed" -
.
:"e" -
use à used : .-ed e -ed
: "y" -
study à studied : .-ied y -ed
+ + -
." " -ing
stop à stopped : .-ed -ed
: "y" "w" -
: . -ed
play à played

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 :

. : -
.
: -
Subject + Verb.1 + Object

" "

. Object -
:
He is smart. " ".
The pen is there. " ".

: It She He : -
.s "s"
: I They We You : -
.

. -

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 . . (
."the apple" : "eat" : "Ali" :
:
Ali eats the apple. .
."Ali : " eat s
. . (
."football" : "play" : "They" :
:
They play football. .
."They " play s
(
."in street" : "play" : "The cats" :
:
The cats play in a street. ." "
The cats play in the street. ." "
." " play s
" " ß (
"water" : "drink" : "He" :
:
He drinks water. .
."He " drink s
.a water

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 : -
Verb.1 + Object

" "
: -
Eat lunch. . . . . .
Drink the water. . . . . .
. . . . .
Be sure of that.
Be careful. . . . . .
Give it to me. .
Give me the pen .
You go. .
Do what you want. .
: Do
Do eat lunch.
Do drink the water.
Do be careful.
." " Do not (Don't)

. : -

:
"Ahmed" :
"a hero" :
is à He , She , It , :
are à You , We , They ,
am à I
." " was , were " " is , are , am

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 :
Ahmed is a hero.
"Ahmed : " is
" " :
." " : " "

: -
He is à He's , She is à She's , It is à It's
Ali is à Ali's , Omar is à Omar's
: -
You are à You're , They are à They're , We are à We're
I am à I'm

: -
(You are/You're) careless. .
The cats are beautiful. .
The (cat is/cat's) beautiful. .
(He is/He's) smart. .
(She is/She's) smart. .
(We are/We're) smart. .
(They are/They're) smart .
(It is/It's) lazy. . / " " /
(I am/I'm) busy. .
"cats " cats're cats are
.
"smart , busy , lazy , beautiful , careless" a
." "

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 :o'clock

:British Language /

X:30 half past X (

9:30 half past nine o'clock.
12:30 half past twelve o'clock.
X:15 quarter past X (
11:15 quarter past eleven o'clock.
22:15 quarter past twenty two "ten" o'clock.
X:45 quarter to X (
15:45 quarter to fifteen "three" o'clock.
21:45 quarter to twenty one "nine" o'clock.
. (
10:32 ten and thirty two o'clock.
14:05 fourteen and five o'clock.

:American Language /

: -
10:15 ten and fifteen o'clock.
9:30 nine and thirty o'clock.
20:45 twenty and forty five o'clock.

"" : and -
Ahmed and Ali.
He and she are smart.
. " " are

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 :Date
Century : Month : Week : Day :
: -
Saturday , Sunday , Monday , Tuesday ,
Wednesday , Thursday , Friday
" " -
.
1999 nineteen-ninety nine
2000 twenty-zero zero
1631 sixteen-thirty one
." " :AH " " :AD -

2/5/1320AD two/five/thirteen-twenty AD
3/12/1401AH three/twelve/fourteen-one AH
th
7 century
1st century

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 :

-
.
:(-our / -or) /

arbour arbor
armour armor
behaviour behavior
colour color
endeavour endeavor
favour favor
fervour fervor
glamour glamor
harbour harbor
honour honor
humour humor
labour labor
neighbour neighbor
odour odor
parlour parlor
rancour rancor
rumour rumor
saviour savior
splendour splendor

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 vapour vapor
vigour vigor
:(-re / -er) /

centre center
fibre fiber
metre meter
piastre piaster
sombre somber
theatre theater

:(-logue / -log) /

catalogue catalog
dialogue dialog
monologue monolog
prologue prolog

: /

traveller traveler
counsellor counselor
jeweller jeweler

www.expressenglish.4t.com Omar AL-Hourani

 worshipper worshiper
kidnapper kidnaper
:(-ce / -se) /

defence defense
licence license
offence offense
pretence pretense

: /

apartment flat
cheque check
film movie
grey gray
holiday vacation
moustache mustache
petrol gasoline
plough plow
programme program
pyjamas pajamas
sulphur sulfur
tyre tire
waggon wagon

www.expressenglish.4t.com Omar AL-Hourani

 ‫المرحلة الرابعة‬
‫م د صابرٌن هادي حنش‬
‫حروف الجر كثٌرة و متشابكة‪ ،‬فقد ٌكون للحرف الواحد أكثر من معنى‬
‫وذلك حسب موقعه فً الجملة‪ .‬و الطرٌقة المثلى لتعلم حروف الجر هً‬
‫التدرب علٌها من خالل جمل و لٌست كحروف منفصلة‪.‬‬

‫‪A preposition shows the relation between the subject‬‬

‫‪and the object. There are also prepositions of time‬‬
‫‪and prepositions of place.‬‬

‫تدل حروف الجر على العالقة بٌن الفاعل و المفعول به و ٌوجد أٌضا ً‬
‫حروف جر دالة على الزمن و حروف جر دالة على المكان‪.‬‬
‫‪Prepositions of Place‬‬ ‫حروف الجر الدالة على المكان‬
‫‪More Examples‬‬ ‫مزٌداً من األمثلة‬
 .‫هذا الحدث ممكن وقوعه‬
‫ سأبقى‬، ً‫(إن تمطر غدا‬ If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
)‫فً البٌت‬

:‫مثال‬

If you eat too much, you will become fat.

 ‫هذا الحدث غير محتمل وقوعه‪.‬‬

‫‪If Shakespeare lived today, he would use different English.‬‬

‫الحظ أن شكسبٌر مستحٌل أن ٌكون حٌا ً الٌوم‪ .‬الحظ أٌضا ً أننا استخدمنا الفعل الماضً البسٌط مع جملة‬
‫لكنه ال ٌدل على الماضً‪.‬‬

‫و استخدمنا (المصدر ‪ ) would +‬فً الجزء الثانً من الجملة وهذه هً القاعدة‪:‬‬

‫الحظ أٌضا ً أن ‪ be‬تتحول إلى ‪ were‬فً هذه القاعدة و ال نستطٌع استخدام ‪was‬حتى لو كان الفاعل‬
‫مفرداً‪.‬‬
‫‪If I were you, I would buy a new car.‬‬
 ‫هذا الحدث غٌر ممكن أو مستحٌل ان ٌكون قد وقع‬ •

If he had lived in Taif, he would have been happy.

If he had visited Makkah, he would have seen the Ka’aba.

 .‫ٌستخدم هذا التركٌب فً الحالة التً تكون فٌها نتٌجة الفعل حقٌقة دائمة و ثابتة‬

)ً‫ فأنه ٌصبح بخارا‬،‫ (لو أننا غلٌنا الماء‬If you boil water, it becomes steam.
‫ فً المضارع و‬becomes ‫و هذه حقٌقة ثابتة و لٌست مقٌدة بوقت معٌن لذا جاءت كلمة‬
.‫لٌست فً المستقبل‬

If the radio is too loud, turn it off. Or Turn the radio off if it is too loud.

If you are under 17, don’t drive a car. Or Don’t drive a car if you are
under 17.
:ً‫فً اللغة العربٌة عادة ما نضٌف حرف ”ي“ السم البلد و ذلك لتكوٌن الجنسٌة فنقول مثال‬
‫سعودي‬ : ‫السعودٌة‬
:ً‫أما فً اللغة اإلنجلٌزٌة فهناك خمس حروف محتملة لإلضافة و ه‬
i, n, ian, ish, ese
:‫ وهذه بعض األمثلة‬.‫و لٌس هناك قاعدة ثابتة لهذه الحروف‬

Country Nationality Country Nationality

Saudi Arabia Saudi Britain British
Turkey Turkish
Oman Omani
Algeria Algerian China Chinese

Libya Libyan Lebanon Lebanese

Palestine Palestinian France French

Syria Syrian Switzerland Swiss

 Negation ‫النفي‬

:‫ ونضعها بعد الفعل المساعد‬not ‫مع األفعال المساعدة اآلتية نستخدم‬-1

am -is –are-was-ere-has-have- had–can–could-will-
would-shall-should- must–may- might
Ex. - He can swim .
He can not swim . (can't) ( Make negative )

They are playing.

They are not playing . (aren't)

.)s ( ‫) قبل الفعل و نحذف ال‬doesn't ( ‫) نستخدم‬s( ‫ مع فعل مضارع آخره حرف‬-2
Ex. Ali plays football .
Ali doesn't play football .

.‫) قبل الفعل وال نحذف شيئا‬don't ( ‫ ( نستخدم‬s( ‫ مع فعل مضارع ليس آخره‬-3
Ex. I go to the club .
I don't go to the club.

.‫) قبل الفعل و نعيد الفعل للمصدر‬didn't( ‫ مع فعل ماضي نستخدم‬-4

Ex. She cooked lunch.
She didn't cook lunch.

I bought some books.

I didn’t buy any books.

‫) نحذف الكلمة‬always – usually – sometimes ( ‫ مع الكلمات‬-5

) s ( ‫ بدالُ منها و ال نحذف ال‬never ‫نفسها و نضع‬

Ex. She always gets up late .

She never gets up late .
________________________________________________

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2
 ‫) ‪( Ask a question‬‬ ‫عمـــل ســؤال‬

‫‪ -1‬أعيد هذه األفعال المساعدة إلى بداية الجملة ‪:‬‬

‫‪am -is –are-was-were-has-have- had–can–could-will-would-shall-should- must–may- might.‬‬
‫‪Ex.‬‬ ‫‪He can swim .‬‬
‫?‪Can he swim‬‬
‫مالحظة‪ :‬نحذف الشيء الذي نسأل عنه ‪.‬‬
‫==← ‪They are playing tennis in the club.‬‬ ‫←‬
‫? ‪Where are they playing tennis‬‬

‫‪ -2‬مع فعل مضارع بسيط آخره حرف (‪ )s‬نستخدم ( ‪ )does‬أول الجملة و نحذف ال( ‪)s‬من الفعل‪.‬‬
‫‪Ex.‬‬ ‫‪Ali travels to London every summer.‬‬
‫? ‪When does Ali travel to London‬‬

‫‪ -3‬مع فعل مضارع ليس آخره (‪ ( s‬نستخدم (‪ )do‬أول الجملة و يبقى الفعل كما هو‪.‬‬

‫‪Ex.‬‬ ‫==← ‪I go to the club twice a week.‬‬ ‫مالحظة‪ :‬نحول ) ‪ ) I‬و (‪ (we‬إلى (‪( you‬‬
‫? ‪How often do you go to the club‬‬

‫‪ -4‬مع فعل ماضي نستخدم (‪ )did‬أول الجملة و نعيد الفعل للمصدر‪.‬‬

‫‪Ex.‬‬ ‫==← ‪We went to London by plane .‬‬

‫مالحظة ‪ :‬نحول (‪ ( my‬و ( ‪ )our‬إلى ) ‪) your‬‬
‫? ‪How did you go to London‬‬

‫قائمة بأدوات االستفهام‬

‫‪Where‬‬ ‫(للمكان)‬ ‫أين‬ ‫‪How much‬‬ ‫كم السعر (أو) كم الكمية‬
‫‪When‬‬ ‫(للزمان)‬ ‫متى‬ ‫‪How many‬‬ ‫كم العدد‬
‫‪What‬‬ ‫(لألشياء)‬ ‫ماذا‬ ‫‪How long‬‬ ‫كم المدة‬
‫‪Why‬‬ ‫(لألسبا )‬ ‫لماذا‬ ‫‪How often‬‬ ‫كم مرة‬
‫‪Who‬‬ ‫(لألشخاص(‬ ‫من‬ ‫‪How far‬‬ ‫كم يبعد‬
‫‪Which‬‬ ‫(لغير العاقل)‬ ‫أي‬
‫َّ‬ ‫‪How old‬‬ ‫كم عمر‬
‫‪Whose‬‬ ‫(للملكية)‬ ‫لمن‬ ‫‪How‬‬ ‫كيف‬

‫‪Do – Does – Did‬‬ ‫هل‬ ‫هل يكون الجوا نعم أو ال‪) No or Yes ( .‬‬ ‫للسؤال‬

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‫‪3‬‬
 ) Tag Questions) )‫األسـئـلة التوكيــديـة (وهي أسئلة قصيرة و تعني أليس كذلك‬

You are a student ,..aren’t you.? . ‫ تأتي آخر الجملة بعد الفاصلة وتنتهي بعالمة استفهام‬-1
You are not Ali,…are you….? .‫ وتأتي مثبتة إذا كانت الجملة منفية‬,‫ تأتي منفية إذا كانت الجملة مثبتة‬-2
Ali is not here ,..is he..? .ً‫ نضع الفعل قبل الفاعل ويجب أن يكون الفاعل ضميرا ً و ليس إسما‬-3
Huda is clever ,..isn't..she..? . ‫ أن تكون مختصرة في حالة النفي‬-4

(Tag Questions( ‫إليك هذا الجدول بأهم األسئلة التوكيدية الدارجة‬

Huda can swim , can't she?
You can't speak Spanish , can you?
Ali will come soon , won't he ?
He won't travel next summer , will he ?
I am not a doctor , am I ?
He has finished his homework, hasn't he ?
He has a car, doesn't he ?
She's gone to school, hasn’t she ?
She's playing tennis, isn't she ?
Mary doesn't know Arabic , does she?
Your father went to the mosque ,didn't he?
We don't go to school on Fridays , do we ?
Students go to school on Sunday , don't they?
I I'd better sleep early , hadn't I ? ( I'd better = I had better)
I I'd rather go home, wouldn't I? ) I'd rather = I would rather)
‫حاالت شــاذة‬
Let's go shopping ,shall we?
Let us go shopping, will you?
Open the door ,will you? )‫( فعل أمر‬
Don’t Open the door , will you ?
I am a student , aren't I ?

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4
 Comparison ‫المقارنة‬

( Comparative 2 ‫) المقارنة بين‬ & ( Superlative 2 ‫( المقارنة بين أكثر من‬

‫للصفات ذات المقطع الواحد‬
‫بدون إضافة‬ 2 ‫للمقارنة بين‬ 2 ‫للمقارنة بين أكثر من‬
as ‫ نفس الصفة‬as er ‫إضافة‬ est ‫إضافة‬
as fast as faster than the fastest
as big as bigger than the biggest
as heavy as heavier than the heaviest
‫للصفات ذات المقطعين أو أكثر‬
as ‫ نفس الصفة‬as more than ‫استخدم‬ the most ‫استخدم‬
as modern as more
modern than the most common
as common as more
common than the most modern
as beautiful as more
beautiful than the most beautiful
as important as more
important than the most important
‫الصفات الشاذة‬
Irregular Adjectives ( comparative & superlative )
Adjective Comparative Superlative Example

good better the best Sara is the best girl at school.

well (healthy) better the best fruit is better than sweets.

bad worse the worst He is the worst driver I’ve ever seen.

a little less the least Food is less important than water.

much - many more the most Water is the most important thing in life.

far further the furthest My house is the furthest one.

far farther the farthest My house is farther than yours.

old (people in a family) elder the eldest Bader is my elder brother.

old (general use) older the oldest Ali is older than Hamad.

‫ مع أطيب التمنيات بالتوفيق‬6555 1170 : ‫إعداد أبو باسل‬

5
 Language Functions ‫الوظـائف اللغوية‬

Advice ‫النصيحة‬ Agreement ‫الموافقة‬ Apology ‫االعتذار‬

I advise you to + v … I agree with you I'm sorry
You should + v… You are right I 'm so sorry
It's better… Ok. I didn't mean it
If I were you ,I would… Good idea
Suggestion ‫االقتراح‬ Disagreement ‫عدم الموافقة‬ Preference ‫التفضيل‬
Let's + v … I don't agree I prefer …to …
How about +v +ing… I disagree I like … more than…
What about + v +ing… I'm not with you I'd rather….
Why don't you… Rubbish I'd better….
I suggest we + v… No.
Obligation ‫اإللزام‬ Approval ‫االستحسان‬ Gratitude ‫الشكر‬
You must + V … Fantastic! Thank you
I have to + v… Well done ! I can't thank you enough.
You have to + V… Excellent ! I'm grateful
It is not allowed… Great !
Good !
Opinion ‫الرأي‬ Disapproval ‫عدم االستحسان‬ Prohibition ‫المنع‬
In my opinion… How could you… You mustn't…
I think… It is bad… you can't …
As I see… Not good It is not allowed
I don't like it It is prohibited
It is forbidden
Guessing ‫التخمين‬ Blame ‫اللوم‬ Indifference ‫عدم المباالة‬
Perhaps It is your fault It makes no difference to me
It can be … You are to blame It doesn't matter
It could be… What have you done So what?
Maybe… I blame you Who cares?
I think… You are wrong It is all the same to me
Request ‫الطلب‬ Release from blame‫ عدم اللوم‬Surprise ‫المفاجأة‬
Can you ..…. Please? Never mind Oh !
Could you ….please? Don't worry Really!
Can I ……….please? It is not your fault I am amazed
Would you mind +V+ ing No problem I was surprised
Warning ‫التحذير‬ Disbelief ‫عدم التصديق‬ Sympathy ‫التعاطف‬
Don't ….. I don't believe that How sad /terrible/awful
Never…. Nonsense ! I was shocked to hear ..
Be careful ! Rubbish ! I was so sorry to hear …
Look out ! You are joking Poor ( name )
It is dangerous. You must be dreaming

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11
 Abbreviations and spelling ‫االختصارات و اإلمالء‬

‫االختصارات‬ ‫اإلمالء‬
Abbreviations Spelling
‫ الرقم‬Long form Short form ‫الرقم‬ Combine the following.
1 are not aren't 1 country + s = countries
2 is not isn't 2 family + s = families
3 were not weren't 3 city + s = cities
4 was not wasn't 4 wife + s = wives
5 do not don't 5 wolf + s = wolves
6 does not doesn't 6 thief + s = thieves
7 did not didn't 7 go + s = goes
8 I am I'm 8 fax + s = faxes
9 he is - he has he's 9 watch + s = watches
10 she is – she has she's 10 wish + s = wishes
11 I have I've 11 glass + s = glasses
12 I had – I would I'd 12 fez + s = fezzes
13 we are we're 13 lie + ing = lying
14 you are you're 14 tie + ing = tying
15 they are they're 15 die + ing = dying
16 cannot can't 16 live + ing = living
17 September Sept. 17 make + ing = making
18 Doctor Dr. 18 travel + ed = travelled
19 Let us Let's 19 swim + ing = swimming
20 television TV 20 hot + est = hottest
21 Mister Mr. 21 use + full = useful
22 Wednesday Wed. 22 beauty + full beautiful
23 Thursday Thurs. 23 try + ed = tried
24 will not won't )‫(شاذة‬ 24 study + ed = studied
25 shall not shan't )‫(شاذة‬ 25 pay +ed = paid (‫دفع (فعل شاذ‬

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12
 Regular Verb ‫األفعـال النظـامية‬
Simple Past Past

5666 7711
Meaning Infinitive Meaning Infinitive Simple past
‫الرقــــــــــم‬

‫أبو باسل‬
past Participle Participle

‫المصدر‬
‫الماضي‬ ‫المصدر‬
‫المعنى‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫التصريف الثالث‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الماضي البسيط‬ ‫التصريف الثالث‬
‫البسيط‬ ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع البسيط‬

1 ‫يعجب ب‬ admire admired admired 22 ‫يقفل‬ lock locked locked

2 ‫يصل‬ arrive arrived arrived 23 ‫يُحرك‬ move moved moved

3 ‫يتوسل‬ beg begged begged 24 ‫يفتح‬ open opened opened

4 ‫يحجز‬ book booked booked 25 ‫يحزم‬ pack packed packed

5 ‫يمضغ‬ chew chewed chewed 26 ‫يرسم‬ paint painted painted

6 ‫ينظف‬ clean cleaned cleaned 27 ‫يلعب‬ play played played

7 ‫يغلق‬ close closed closed 28 ‫يصلي‬ pray prayed prayed

8 ‫يبرد‬ cool cooled cooled 29 ‫يوعد‬ promise promised promised

9 ‫يصرخ‬ cry cried cried 30 ‫يسحب‬ pull pulled pulled

10 ‫يوصل‬ deliver delivered delivered 31 ‫يدفع‬ push pushed pushed

11 ‫يثير‬ excite excited excited 32 ‫يسابق‬ race raced raced

12 ‫ينتهي‬ finish finished finished 33 ‫يبدل‬ replace replaced replaced

13 ‫يفيض‬ flood flooded flooded 34 ‫يندفع‬ rush rushed rushed

14 ‫يطوي‬ fold folded folded 35 ‫ي َُوبخ‬ scold scolded scolded

15 ‫يقهقه‬ giggle giggled giggled 36 ‫يتنهد‬ sigh sighed sighed

16 ‫َيلمع‬ glitter glittered glittered 37 ‫يبتسم‬ smile smiled smiled

17 ‫يسخن‬ heat heated heated 38 ‫يبدأ‬ start started started

18 ‫يصيد‬ hunt hunted hunted 39 ‫يسافر‬ travel travelled travelled

19 ‫يُقدم‬ introduce introduced introduced 40 ‫ي َُوحّد‬ unite united united

20 ‫يُقبّل‬ kiss kissed kissed 41 ‫يزور‬ visit visited visited

21 ‫يضحك‬ laugh laughed laughed 42 ‫يعمل‬ work worked worked

31
 Irregular Verbs ‫األفعال الشاذة‬
Past Past
‫الرقــــــــــم‬

5666 7711
Meaning Infinitive Simple past Meaning Infinitive Simple past
Participle Participle

‫أبو باسل‬
‫المعنى‬ ‫المصدر‬ ‫الماضي البسيط‬ ‫التصريف الثالث‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫المصدر‬ ‫الماضي البسيط‬ ‫التصريف الثالث‬
‫المضارع البسيط‬ ‫المضارع البسيط‬

1 ‫يبدأ‬ begin began begun 21 ‫يترك‬ leave left left

2 ‫يكسر‬ break broke broken 22 ‫يعير‬ lend lent lent

3 ‫يبني‬ build built built 23 ‫يضيع‬ lose lost lost

4 ‫يشتري‬ buy bought bought 24 ‫يصنع‬ make made made

5 ‫يمسك‬ catch caught caught 25 ‫يركض‬ run ran run

6 ‫يأتي‬ come came come 26 ‫يقول‬ say said said

7 ‫يعمل‬ do did done 27 ‫يرى‬ see saw seen

8 ‫يسوق‬ drive drove driven 28 ‫يجلس‬ sit sat sat

9 ‫يأكل‬ eat ate eaten 29 ‫ينام‬ sleep slept slept

10 ‫يسقط‬ fall fell fallen 30 ‫يتكلم‬ speak spoke spoken

11 ‫يجد‬ find found found 31 ‫يسرق‬ steal stole stolen

12 ‫يطير‬ fly flew flown 32 ‫يسبح‬ swim swam swum

13 ‫يحصل‬ get got got 33 ‫يأخذ‬ take took taken

14 ‫يعطي‬ give gave given 34 ‫يخبر‬ tell told told

15 ‫يذهب‬ go went gone 35 ‫يلبس‬ wear wore worn

16 ‫يسمع‬ hear heard heard 36 ‫يفوز‬ win won won

17 ‫يضرب‬ hit hit hit 37 ‫يكتب‬ write wrote written

18 ‫يؤذي‬ hurt hurt hurt 38 ‫يكون‬ am - is was been

19 ‫يحتفظ‬ keep kept kept 39 ‫يكونوا‬ are were been

20 ‫يعرف‬ know knew known 40 ‫سوف‬ will would -----

14