WRITTEN SO YOU CAN UNDERSTAND IT Warts house? Tan bail Cpl aero pepe StDrive this 1951 Studebaker Champion and save! Top value of the top 4 in the lowest price field ! The gas economy you want! The low upkeep you want! The dependable performance you want! The Studebaker Champion is one of the 4 lowest price largest selling cars !ELECTRICITY LEAPS from storm clouds to top of Em Building as shown in this dramatic night ph i ness electrical energy like this to " EEyour engine, Tugs fre ischarges between clouds. 1 : GITTING CANYON resemble TINY UNIT of electricity wears away ele initial Bor ‘lution see next pet All car, truck and tractor owners benefit from the evhaustive research performed by AutoLite In « the men who design the coil, distributer, ‘spark ph ind all the other parts of the com ignition system used as original factory equi ment on many leading makes of America's finest cars and trucks. You're Always Right With Auto-Lite. THE ELECTRIC AUTO-LITE COMPANY Toledo 1, Ohio . ‘Tetente, Oréerto per minute with tailored yee Scientists Lreate “TAILORED LIGHTNING” For Better Motoring In the great engincering laboratories of The Electric Auto-Lite Company in Toledo, Ohio, a group of ‘Auto-Lite neers have been probing inside engine cylinder walls, peering at “blow-by- biow” spark performances, charting the behavior acteristics of man-made “lightning” across the spark plug gap. From endless tests they've deter- mined what your engine's ignition system needs most, and then set about producing spark plugs to fill the bill. Net result: Ignition Engineered Auto- Lite Spark Plugs . . . the spark plugs that are world famous for quality and performance. RELIABLE STARTING i ‘om Auto, ‘Correct mnaterinls, "| SMOOTHER PERFORMANCE QUICK STARTS DOUBLE mikes possible these ck Plugs AUDBELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES WORKING CONTINUALLY TO KEEP YOUR TELEPHONE SERVICE BIG IN VALUE AND LOW IN COST 2 SMe GS ound corners Close-up of connection made with new tool—neat, tight windings, Ii porsy’r take long to wrap one wire around a terminal and snip off the end. But hundreds of millions of such connections are being made each year. Now this job is done much more efficiently with a new wire wrapping tool invented at Bell Laborator This “gun” whirls wire tightly around terminals before solder is applied. The connection is better and there is no waste wire, The hand-operated wrapper shown here is for the telephone man’s tool kit. Power-driven wrap- pers developed by Western Electric, manufactur. ing unit of the Bell System, are speeding the production of telephone equipment. The gun's small nozzle reaches where fingers couldn’t—a big advantage these days when parts are made smaller as well better. Bell Telephone Laboratories scientists devise many special tools to help your telephone system meet growing demands—and keep your telephone service one of today’s best barg: POPULAR MECHANICSPopular Mechanics Magazine Registered in U. S. Patent Oftice and Canada H. H. WINDSOR, Founder POPULAR MECHANICS this month’s cover NEIGHBORS of Tom Riley, in Portland, Dre., may do « fast double-take when they tee the photographic likeness of Tom and his wife Vinita on our cover. It's the work of staff crtist Bob Korie, who flew to Portland. came bock with a few sketches and proceeded to paint o portrait of the loys i . W's @ perfect likeness of Tom from his beat-up brogues to the cleft his chin ond the curl in his heir. Tom ust moved into the Popular Mechanics auild-it-yourself house, which he, row have a seven-room, ranch-style home with @ breezeway and two-car garage. 4ousing experts in Portland estimate the s saved $10,000 by doing the work emsely ge 154 is the first of four row-te-derit articles, with stey fructions for building this mo i ae He eke iain Unitra inces an ee eet H. H. WINDSOR, JR., Editor and Publisher MAY 1951 Number 5 loderick M. Grant jayne Whittaker James R. Ward Frank L. Brittin, Cookman, Jr. ford B. Hicks “Donald R, Brooks Freeman “Fronk Beatty Allan Carpenter Assistant Managing Editor... Shop Notes and Crafts Editor. Director, Bureau of Information. E. Ontorio St Assistant Edi Dorothy E, Hoffmann Arthur R. Roilton H.H. Windsor 111 Assistant Editors, Shop Notes and Crafts W. Clyde Lammey Wayne C. Leckey Frank N. Stephany CE, Mitchell Eastern Editor. Richard F. Dempewolff Empire State Bldg., Room 2906, New York 1, N. Y- Western Editor. a Thomas E. Stimson, Jr. Janta “Monica, Calif. Representative in Great Britain... Douglas W. Wedderspoon 77 Boker St., London W. 1, England IN THIS ISSUE Quick, Watson, the Micromanipulator!- - - 73 Atomic Power Goes Into Gear - - - = = 80 They'll Burn Up the Speedway - - = = = 92 The Owners Report on the ‘5! Studebaker- = 98 For the Craftsman How | Built the P.M. Ranch House—Part I Heavy-Duty Grinder Taming That Balky Mower Shopping for Tools - - = = Radio-Television, Electronics = Clinic for Homemakers = = = = Studio Camera Stand- = = Other items, end manufacturers of available products described, are listed on pages 12, 14 and 16MEN WITH SKILLS GET AIR FORCE RATINGS! Radio repairmen are among hundreds of kinds of skilled specialists... men who keep your U. S. Air Force on top ... needed now by your Air Force, Men with training as former specialists in any service...or non-veterans with special skills... are needed to support America’s growing air power. Radio, radar, maintenance, weather, armament, camera repair, and many other technical skills are wanted. For your skill, your Air Force offers better pay and opportunities than ever before in a great Air Force you'll be proud to e, with a rewarding sense of a job well done in your nation’s defense. Find out where you fit. Visit your nearest U.S. Army and U.S, Air Force Recruiting Station now ... and get details of these new Air Force offers: VETERANS: You can now enlist, if qualified, in your old grade or better... skip basie training . .. and be assigned initially toa nearby Air Force Base. NON-VETERANS: You can’ enlist for basic training ... and get a rating to match any critically needed technical skill or training you have. | U. s. ae AIR FORCE Get on Top... Stay on Top...with the U. S. Air Force! POPULAR MECHANICSHere is some interesting news about your automobile Just suppose you are driving at 40 miles an hour on a level road. The power, of course, comes from the gasoline you feed your motor. Yet 50% of the power gen- erated by the motor doesn't do a thing to make your car go farther or faster, or climb a steeper hill. Why? Because that power never gets to the rear wheels, It is used to overcome engine friction, And we don't ask you to take our word for it — America’s automo- tive engineers have proved it. Now, along comes a motor oil that proves it further reduces this engine fric- tion. Which means the engine delivers the same power with less gasoline, Tes simple as ABC: The less engine fric- tion, the lers gas it takes to run your car. This has been strikingly demonstrated in recent months. Hundreds and hundreds of cars—cars of all makes and ages — cars that had been using every nationally known brand of motor oil — were given the Dynamometer Test. This is a machine devised by engineers to measure the pow- er an engine delivers to the rear wheels. And what happened? After the oil in these cars had been changed co Macmil- lan, the same power was developed with an average of 8% less gasoline. ‘The minute you change to Macmillan, you'll get an increase in power and gaso- line mileage. You cut down on “drag"— your gasoline “pushes” easier than before. ‘After your second or third drain, you'll get an average increase in gasoline mile- age of 89%! MAY 1951 That's because Macmillan has not only reduced engine friction but also has 1e- duced carbon and gum deposits in the combustion chamber, on rings, valves, and valve stems. This results in higher com- pression because of better piston seal— smoother operation, and less tendency for the motor to ping. Do you know what this means in money? Figuring gasoline at an average of 25¢ a gallon, it means you save 2¢ a gallon—simply by changing your motor oil to Macmillan. That's a big saving —isn't it? Yer it’s small when you realize bow much more you save in repair bills. Because : The less fric- tion, the less wear and tear on your car. New motors stay newer longer. Finally, remember this Macmillan Motor Oil not only fights friction but removes carbon from your motor — cleans your motor as you drive, Ask for this fine motor oil at independ- ent dealers where you see the sign of the big red “M.” It means Money in your pocket, Mileage in your car. Try the OIL. that makes your GAS go farther! JM reectinn oe resident MACMILLAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION 530 W. Grit Srausr, Los ANoELES 50 W. som, New You + 624 S. Micitcan, Cncaco PS. If you are unable to locate a Macmillan dealer, write to me and T'll be glad to direct ‘you to the one nearest you, RSM. This one TAT 5@ litte Broil makes a BIG difference in your car A pint of Pyroif in the crankease, a few ounces in the gas tank, and you'll notice a big difference in your car. Why? Because Pyroil has the extraor- Ginary property of making ordinary oll cling to fensine parts. This coating of protective lubrication eliminates friction between piston rings and cyl- incer walls. Pyroll stops cosily wes tear ‘caused by metal-to-metal contact. It assures instant lubrication when you step on the starter—it pre~ vents oil from draining off vital parts when you tum off the engine. Yes, a little Pyroll (at so little cost) will make a big difference in the life of your car. Ask your cas station attendant to add Pyroil—add miles to your car. Pyroil for Aircraft Engines ‘Use Aircraft Pyroil B for lubricating oll, Aircraft Pyro!l A’ for gasoline. 115 Pyroil Bl want my car to last and run proper felling Maré ‘sbout Pyroll and how f xf Pitta! inle For me: Please RO Agaress. in this corneressssees. THE > EDITORS ILL "ER UP WITH LPG.” Some 200,000 bus and truck drivers and power farm- ers are saying it as they drive alongside the big propane-butane pressure tanks at fill- ing stations around the country. And now private motorists are beginning to join the line. It isn't cheap, converting your car from gasoline to liquefied petro- leum gas; but once you've converted, you “fil er up” at much lower cost per gallon and you have a sweet-running, knock-free engine. Take it from Jud Purvis, a Chicago mo- torist who converted his car to LPG and will vouch for its carbon-free performance. He tells how it's done in a featured article next month. White-Hot Ingot Takes 200-Mile Ride In Canada, steelmen have come up with a novel time and labor-saving technique— they recently shipped a white-hot ingot 200 miles by rail. The project was so success- ful that it has become routine. The 130,000- pound ingots, at a temperature of 1600 degrees Fahrenheit, are packed in vermicu~ lite, an insulating material. During the trip the temperature drops only 195 degrees. Normally, an ingot would have to be cooled six weeks before it could be shipped, then reheated for 10 days at the receiving point hefare it could be worked To the Editor While looking through the December 1950 issue, I came across a letter to the edi~ tor from a man who owns an “Eskimobile.” He sent a picture of what was called the “Mail Buggy.” He told how much he en- joyed it, but said he did not know to whom the tribute of construction should go. ‘The original machine was made about (Continued to page 8) POPULAR MECHANICSreasons Why J ACCOUNTANCY REASON #1. If you were an expert accountant sept naw, haves aie you wood Endl yourself among the highest-paid of all professional men and women. Even back in “depression years,” surveys showed that accountants earned mor the average than men in other major profe REASON #2. The demand for accountants is great—everywhere. All businesses must have trained accountants to cope with ever- grow requirements. It’s a profession offering wide op. portunity—always—to the man who knows. REASON #3. You can fit into any busine anywhere in the country—because accounting principles are universal. Think what this means in terms of security and independence! REASON #4. Accountancy is open to all. A man or woman of good intelligence, who enjoys figure work andis willing to follow LaSalle’s systematic “problem method” plan, can rapidly qualify for a highly profitable, enjoyable ions. POL NeC a arto UNIVERSITY my MAY 1951 offers you MORE MONE ys ~. and SUCCESS! e career . . . and he doesn’t have to finish he training before beginning to “cash in.” REASON #5. Without losi a swork, you can prepare home, at low cost, under “Problem Method” of “learr famous plan accounts for LaSalle’s remarkable record of having trained nearly 10 per cent of all Certified Public Accountants in the U.S. . and of having put many thousands of others into high-paying careers, end today for LaSalle’s int Accountancy, the Profession ‘That Pays,” and “Success Reports.” Learn about the five great fields of opportunity . . . and LaSalle’s time-tested plan for helping men and women to rapid advances ment, higher income, greater prestige and pro- fessional standing. The coupon below will bring these fact-filled booklets to you—without cost a day from your ting booklets, or obligation. Mail the coupon NOW. LaSalle Extension University A Correspondence Institution Dept. 5641, 417 §, Dearborn Se., Chicago 5, 1h Name Address Cily, Zone,LAST CHANCE to plan your own career in Aviation HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS & GRADUATES Now ‘may be your last opportunity to prepare for profital ian coreer i fast ond well at Embry-Riddle. u're still way out front with 19! The Aviation Industry de- offers maximum training top stsentiol civil avi VETERANS Aviation’ growing career field. Enroll ot Embry-Riddle the July 25th G. 1. deac Be Ready To Best Serve Your Country And Yourself With One of SCHOOL OF AVIATION MIAMI 30, FLORIDA RIDDLE-M:KAY AERO COLLEGE CLASSES BEGINNING NOW - SEND COUPON TODAY! Dean of Enrollments - Dept. 99 Embry-Riddle School of Aviation Miami 30, Florida Plate Print NAME ADDRESS. Gy sate, Tam interested tn. 1 AME ttechenie 1B) Commerciat Pitot 1D Arronguticat Engineering A&E. Combine ‘with Commercial Plt Cy Piving tecramte tee one (INSereee Are CCE TTT Ractueet fem poms @, 1922. It was first manufactured in a little town in middle-western Wisconsin. It was planned and made by two brothers—my dad and uncle—John and Henry Swansen. When the original Eskimobile was planned, these men had in mind to make a machine that could be used for all kinds of work and pleasure. There were many different types. The first to be constructed was the Eskimobile. From this developed the Stili-Mobile, Ski- Mobile and Snow Cat. These were designed | to serve well in the kind of weather we have around here—an extreme amount of snow in the winter and lots of mud in spring and summer. Many of the mobiles were sold in Illinois, Minnesota, Ohio, Iowa and Canada, an we have heard of one in Arizona ... Lam sending you some pictures to illus~ trate the facts Ihave stated here. The pic- tures will show you some of the different styles and some of the things they are used for. The picture of the Stilt-Mobile was taken in a wooded area near Almena. This picture is of Mr. and Mrs. Homer Person and their record kill in big bucks. Yours truly, Mary Swansen, Almena, Wis. Letter to the Editor (Reader Edward L. Cady, noting com= ments on the rear-engine car by Arthur W. Stevens, Boston, Mass., in the February Editor's Column, writes as follows:) When I was serving “apprenticeship” in the auto business in 1911... engineers were (Continued to page 10) POPULAR MECHANICS“and this is not his photeoraph, but the facts ar Everybody liked Dick Gray. He was a man’s man. A star athlete. A whiz of a basketball player. A good hushand. A hard worker, But with all those interests, Dick Gray had a busy day every day. And Dick Gray was ambitious, He could study at a local colle hts, but that would take hours of commuting. That's when a friend told Dick about I.C.S. and how he could study at home in his spare time. Since then, Dick has completed three I.€.S. time. courses in jig He's moving up fast in the company forwhich he works. And he’s kind enough to say he owes it to I.C.S. Sure, we helped, but Dick Gray really owes his success to Dick Gri On the rolls of L.C.S, under many different nam. “Dick Grays.” Maybe you are one. If not, it just takes your name on this coupon to put it there! there are thousands of ee Without cont of obtention plete vend me fl putulrs about the curse BEFORE which Ihave marked X: Readomie Courses onic Eranowing aetectiea Dating Ta Advertsing O | Fiflete Eepoenine a Eletne Ut ana tet a rate Dishing Tennisen| eal Worker C Ship Dating Chruntes 2 Paced Herc ting") Tool Designee Bi How Eee Bilt ip letiian hints Sosreee 8 on eS Internal Combustion QAtehtecive cd hrteturalDraing Lnternal Com — ghitrleanass Aviation (MG Scat Q Conbactr ana Builing eso-Bncie sro 5 Enaneine Edie Engines 0 Gas Engines 9 tswaon 6 tonsa Dal ‘Mechanical Courses fg Se ustral Bluoprats 5 Sitar txpnerine 1S Fic Caine 2B staat at 2 owns ma wpe communications Courses cao Mantle © Leo ising Plumbing B Seven wemne vl Fetle Seugnag 13 stam Fitts OMe! {Wooten Manaacturon 1 Hour AM te PM, Prosar Position —tmoloys by__ Lane of Service Enfoinet under GB apptoved lr Wold Wa’ Il Veerans. Spcaltlton rales To membws of he Armed Forces, te ets wer t-____ ‘Canadin residents send coupon to llernatinnaCrrespandenceSetoals Canaan, Ltd, Monies, Canada, MAY 1951 9<> Shavers Vote > NEWIS5I Set RUETOR BLADES OQUISHAYE ALL OMERSS TO! _Incuding Our Own Old Blades! HERE'S THE FULL SCORE On Every Point Important Te Shaving; SMOOTHER SHAVES, ‘CLEANER suavese SAFER SHAVES » 7101 uae penis FASTER SHAVES, iar (MORE SHAVES ea perblads nearly 2 to 1 Men in 10 ¢ nationwide 8 1951 BehhexINiectoR BLADES. with whot- Special, new surgical steel! Scalpel-sharp! Precision- ground! And only these they” had “been NEW 1951 SCHICK INJEC Mout 80% of ‘TOK BLADES are made to fit n had @ pref ‘Of these, the your injector razor per- fectly! So we guarantee thi EITHER YOU GET THE FU EST SHAVES OF YOUR LIFE- =~ OK YOUR MONEY BACK quick! WORLD'S ONLY RAZOR WITH AUTO- cnans SCHICK INJECTOR RAZOR. BLADES 10 re doing much experimenting with the idea of putting the engine over the rear axle. The verdict at that time was, “It cannot be done.” Every year since I have read of somebody trying the same thing, and the verdict still is the same, “It cannot be done.” ‘When the power of the motor is applied to the rear axle, it has a tendency to lift the front end. With the early models, with short wheelbase and the engine in the middle under the seat, they have actually been known to “rare up” and tip over back- ward when going up a steep hill. Farm tractors still do this sometimes. So in order to have the car hold the road on hills and at high speed on curves, it has been neces sary to put the engine up front to hold the front end down... Sincerely, Edward L. Cady, 5415 34th Ave., Kenosha, Wis. Letter to the Editor The interesting article, “Rockets on a Timetable,” by Richard F. Dempewolff in your November issue has come to my at- tention. On a level of general information, it is most interesting and informative. I wish to call your attention particularly to the misinformation the article contains with reference to high-strength hydrogen peroxide, Your attention is invited to the caption for the picture on the lower left of page 98 which reads as follows: “Fuel ex- perts load a big rocket with hydrogen peroxide. Chemical, which will explode if touched, roils off plastic suits.” This cap- tion is deliberately misinforming since we can state, categorically, that hydrogen per- oxide will not “explode” by being touched with anything, Noah S. Davis, Jr., Manager, Special Projects Bept., Buffalo Electro-Chemical Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. Davis is right. Hydrogen peroxide will not explode on contact with most clean substances, provided it is not in a sealed container. However, a dirty or catalytically contaminated material, which is combus- tible, can be made to burn by spilling hy- drogen peroxide on it. Rocket scientists in the Viking program have used hydrogen peroxide at White Sands for a couple of years without mishaps. “On the other hand,” they say, “most of us have a lively respect for the potential dangers of hydro- gen peroxide when not handled properly.” Fires started by hydrogen peroxide being spilled on contaminated material can be easily extinguished with water. POPULAR MECHANICSévery AUTO A motor vehicle is o macl ‘and constructed for its own special function. All good mechanics, like good doctors, should know the working theory and operation of each part and understand what causes rouble and how to remedy it. LET AUDELS AUTO GUIDE SOLVE YOUR PROBLEMS Every auto mechanic, helper, serviceman and operator can use © copy of AUDELS AUTOMOBILE GUIDE. The informotion it iver savas time, meney and worry. Highly indorsed by ail vers It presents the whole subject of auto mechanics from A to Z in plain language and simple terms. This Big Procti k gives full information with working di Grom: covering the les, construction, ignition, service ond Tepair of modern cars, trucks and buse: A complete Guide of 1800 pages, with over 1500 illustrations showing inside views of the working parts, with instructions for ice jobs, Diesel engines, Fuld and Hydre-matic drives fully explained. IT PAYS TO KNOW HOW TO jons—How to loccte engine knocks—How to fit cons .g:—How to service main bearings—How to re- condition valves—How to time valves—How to adjust fan belt—How 40 adjust carburetors & chokes—How to rebuild a clutch—How to service automatic transmissions—How to service brakes—How to od- jst sleering gear—How to cope with ignition troubles—How fo serv- distributors—How to time ignition—How to “tune up" an engin INFORMATION IN A HANDY FORM 73 INTERESTING CHAPTERS—Read this partial ist of subjects fon which proctical information is fully given for quick reference under the hecdings ax shown below. Ready Reference Index. All Parts ofan AutomoblleAutomotive Phyice—The Gas Engine Gas Engine Princinles~Multi-Cylinaer Enahnes™Harta Pewee a Tomonife Engines~Stationary PartsMoving PartsFistons Piston End’ Camm Action “valve Timing Costing Syitorase Fusl Feed Sy ‘Serne—Dual Fuel Foed—Mixture--Carburetors—Carbureter Servier Kitematic Choke Su versal ‘rope! —The Differential—Ri Axlee—Rear and Front Sus nsion—Running Gear— yraker— Wheel. Allgnmert— ‘ignition Systerns— m ignition—spark Plugs—ignition. Coile—Dis= Sontrektgnition, Tinea ion, Timin Generat ee Starters. Get 7 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL TO GET THIS ASSISTANCE Fon vounsetesimpiy Souren Toa OS™ COMPLETE PAY ‘I A Mo. ONLY AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23 St., New York 10, N.Y. MAY 1951 MECHANIC Wants to Know of many parts, each part designed Sent on 7 Days Approval meee ya aaa Sea paeesirs sie eee es es ies erent nig badored: Cheek the Book yo it for onl RAR oe pe ———-~CUT HERE. — ea MAIL ORDER AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23 St.. MEY JOR : est or tat RUCK & TRACTOR GUIOE, 1:09 Pages’. 3 4 UTOMOBILE MECHANICS’ GUIDE. F500 Pages IESE EMGINY MANUAL 98 Page Pons IACHINISTS HANDY BOOK, 16! ELOERS GUIDE, 40 Pape ILUE PRINT READING, 416 Pages’ °° |) MATHEMATICS & CALCULATIONS, 700 Pages G SHEET METAL PATTERN LAYOUTS, 1100 Pages © SHEET METAL WORKERS HANDY BGK, suas. CUTELEVISION SERVICE MANEAL, 3a Pages GEADIOMANS GUIDE: 514 Page EI EteUMONie BeNeES oe Pages < CELECTRIC MOTOR GUIDE Tanr Popas ” ES Eecinc wining OIRGIAMS 272 Pages < E ELECTRICIANS EXAMINATIONS. 20 Bates Beer rower eaucuvar ion 425 ages 5 HANDY BOOK GF eLecrmiciTY. 140 Pape G Aectnic plerionany toon forme 1? Bock Si) 1 ange MIPFITTERS WANDY BOOK, 25 Pages =f EFRICERATION & Ai Candtening 138) Pps LEWRIGHTS & MECHANICS CUIDE. (300s. 4 WER PLANT ENGINEERS GUIDE, i500 Pats 4 GINEERS © IREMANS EXAMS’ SCS Pagel PS, Hydra & Al Compestrs, 128 Ps. 4 aineens CIBRART eS bones : CHANICAL DICTIONARY S50 Papés |< * é é é é : i i 2223; GARDENERS & CROWERS GUIDES (I Book Soi) ‘CARPENTERS & BUILDERS GUIDES 4 Bock Sel) PLUMBERS & Steamfitters Guides (L Book Sel) WASONS AND BUILDERS GUIDES (4 Bock Set) PAINTERS & DECORATORS MANUAL, 45) Pes, HOUSE HEATING GUIDE, 1000 Pages”... OIL BURNER GUIDE, 384 Pages. auoooooonon0nt x ie e 5 = ¢ Employes4 PRoToO means PRO fessional 12 All eyes — even our Plion’s — are on. PROTO, the truly professional tools. Skilled workers know that PROTO tools speed work, add to safety and serve many long years—that each design meets exacting professional standards, See the extensive PROTO line at your dealer’s, and buy the ones you need. Send 10¢ for 68-page catalog to PLOMB TOOL COMPANY 22556 Santa Fe Avenue, Los Angeles 54, Calif. FOOL AG RAM, sizot and styles of PR ss Many, tow ed recently. Improvement netng sockets include ‘ erpller outside diameter’, reper openings and les. larger bolt clearance hel? ‘WHERE-TO-BUY-IT INDEX Source of supply appears after Items commercially available ATOMIC DEFENSE AND DETECTION ‘Atomic survival jacket - 98 Bktomie doe tae a Canned water for defen: 131 iat ict Hie Astin’ id Snlal Bevices Divi“ ‘ston, 10 Rector St. New York City 6). 14a avromorive Detrowt listening post cy e-tiade “eatiteds ‘of’ bil’ (Firestone “Tike ‘Tubeless reaticpre istatc es & Rubber 66. ‘Akron, Ohio) rigahy ornament, (Picky ‘Lights hie Ga." Bi $8, Grand onsertibies” (Geasherati, i#ii Minese “Ave. rin agua (oltinas Motor Ga... WO Pak Ave ‘New York Pinup hanger ‘Denver. Colo) Engine attachment fights’ carboa’ (Aut 105, ? vist’ Vie’ Aiita‘Walbacle Ga.” bbb’ abUH SE Wa “Baies ‘Co. Ww. Tt and ave. B, Scotsoiuie, Neb) 181 Front-view mliror protects children (Gaeiy Gress Mister Go: AVIATION Midget Jeep power plant starts sbipbeard Jets. BR “riving Barrel B som" Blane ‘soon? 113 ‘Test runway Yor laude Gea? se Hfecgving tathrote” protects racket worees ie T4000shorsepower jet engine 12 poars Boat swung aboard car by, one person (Pr0-Weld Co., 1895 ‘Cooper Bt, “Jackson, Mien.) a Floating trailer powers tubber boat ae Plane tows muenet to find sunken ‘bere 120 Hinged tal gate Tor fescue Boats 180 FARM AND GAKDEN Grass trimmers (EP, Britten & Co, 22-26 South Are., Cran- motorised “Seartisorii'’(Seaive indies" 1800" Becond ” ‘Ave. South, Minneapolis. Minn.) zippered homis for bumblebees 2 Preumatie tire nas grooved tread: 0. )°...! ise as seu mew (The Belgoay Mis. €o.. Biidacpori’ Gapi) 108, Figh-grer gate Olewisy Mig. Co. 80 Lockwood Di. Hout ton 20. Tex.) nas India to doubie insigated wéveage!:: Me GAMES, HOBBIES AND NOVELTIES Marbie signs saa Gard caddy cava Bevis ie: eos, Ohig) 8225527 12 Soltafe Mysonra Winter Ssi2poard Co. Bi ton. Tex) 121 4 etul of teas Ho octet mutton lights is wa Uinaital Ml. o., B88 Adalaon ‘St. Chicago 13). 146 HOUSE AND HOME Outdoor armenaie (Wheeling Corrugaiing Co., Whiedling Steal ‘Corp. Bide, Wheeling. ‘W. Va) : 108, petrekt Gock "cPhilca Corp. Pniladéipnia ga, Pa: j.00502 108 Window Jan (The Lau Blower Co. Dayton 7, Ohio). 02.12. 108 Unie nigh chair (Guilivan akfe” Go. ad W. Atonia Wisin ‘Koad, ‘Phoenix 108 sprinkler heed (Stet ai C0. id Mlchiead ‘Ave. Gh agltpe pias” (Appiemani" Ar Gia Work Barwa ‘ildint giddie “(Phiies Gofp:. “Raiddeipnin, Pal): io Boor ends \Lerdell Gorp., 218 W. Chicego Ave. Chicago’ i0)'101 Holder wi rabber rollers (the Stamey: Works, New astatn venting” fan Wis" phorneabit Genta” wietiic es, (ia Se ieee reat Slash 4 walker for to's (aohn ‘Harper. Westinghouse Bleete Ger ‘Transformer Division, Sharon, Pa.) 330 rigk-tovk eyes CLeaika’ Clock Co, Ld “oko, dapat... 182 Sper pak sat acer epee tel ysraulle rh retrover ties Geuimont Relies’ S4eara, Ye Parmont, ating) 97 crystals anipity 3 rai BO 104 Biccirie "sluice" aids’ gold miner (homai’& Henry Maestas, 67@ Domace Long Mater Ca. Colorado Springs, Cola) sgieering water trom Wyorind’s cot Make feridizer, get uranium MILITARY Survival pine 108 Underwater trick 5 Plastic Insole ‘protects feet Saeed (Continued to page 18) POPULAR MECHANICSINVENTORS Lear how to protect your invention. The U. §. Patent Laws provide that any new and useful art, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may be patented if the act of invention is involved. Therefore, every inventor with a valuable invention should take advantage of the Patent Laws and proceed for patent protection in order to safeguard his rights. A patent gives the inventor the exclusive right to prevent others from making, using, or selling the invention claimed in the patent for a period of seventeen years. The Patent Laws were enacted for the benelit of the inventor to give him protection for the features of his invention which are patentable. These features must be properly and con- cisely set forth and claimed in a formal application for patent, in order to comply with the requirements of the Patent Laws. For that reason, unless the inventor is familiar with patent matters, he should engage a competent registered patent atiorney or agent to represent him. We are registered to practice before the U. S. Patent Oifice and are prepared to serve you in the handling of your patent matters. A specially prepared booklet entitled “Patent Guide for the Inventor”, containing detailed information with respect to patent protection and procedure, together with a “Record of Invention” form will be promptly forwarded to you without obligation upon request. CLARENCE A. O'BRIEN & HARVEY JACOBSON Registered Patent Attorneys 11-E DISTRICT NATIONAL BUILDING WASHINGTON 5, D. C MAY 1981| Y BRIGGS SMOKES 3WAYS BETTER 7. stays lighted longer... by 19% *Yes, our new process makes Briggs better by actual test! Better even than the swell- smoking Briggs that proved so fine and friendly in your pipe before. And remember this: when tobacco burns,steady, free and clean, that’s when you enjoy all the good- ness of Briggs’ fine tobacco, aged and mel- lowed in oaken casks. Today—try 3-ways- better Briggs! Ao available in Conoda 14 “Laering machine aajusts for site (The Varigraph Co., Ine, Sfaauen 1, aa Wis) 104 Plastic deaving toaid’ is’ briel-case ‘ise’ (A. ‘Bativiek ‘Ga. “8) ‘Grove’ St, Westwood, Ng) 23 Remole-conirol dictation (Thoiiss “A"” leon, Wet icc sighs pen” (Miva indsivss, tas, 308 W. Gao: ‘ado. Ate, Colorado Springs, Calo.) sat OUTDOOR RECREATION Straight from Paris? (Tony Accetia & Son, 890 B. 10th St., Cleveland 10, Obie) 7 Angler's aid (ify Specially’ Co. Tex.) Blind archers “jens” jaraet Rulon tent 1. #: Masiand Sons, Caiiiste Ford Worth’ 8, 1 Sac Balj S20 BD MISCELLANEOUS, Insecticides from wasp | venom ‘shoots the sun—spets and ali. fer telephone ables have buili-in’ amplifiers Batival of Britaines oy ‘apper ies Zipper Co Pitt ‘Ave Rew Yor v4) loging ae ee i i eit "ac ‘opeort packs mackagee ts” ett Se cor saa eat on Se Smee Se Seyi, ana ee. OF paar eee tame Almountain goes up im smoke Tnrecwdeek FV sence Gtementcbaa sultease (Brotéa’ Prides G8. ONew ifort’ cli ter Radium keg battles cee. Sit Hi Ae Craftsman and Shop Notes Index AUTOMOBILES, TRAILERS AND TRUCKS Your ear a motel... 185 Carriage bolt and fooler eailge Seive’ ta’ check’ Hioat “ef aula) Hywneel ‘piling assembit for trailer bea’ msde from grain-binder pata 208 Reariste alignment checked with streiphtedgee ad tapers+ 210 Gorn kept “behind tars" to quicken drying. 205 Wheel welded in angle-steel frame provide sturdy Tarin gate 208 Proper care pluy year inspection makes chimneys Hreprbat 206 Tractararawn land roller, 07 Greckwad carrier In cattle aed bev Ton 703 Galibrated indleator shows weight carried by farm trailer. 200 Sectional hurdle. for sheep or tors. a Automatic hog waterer sappiied from stock tank a Large capacity sheliedcorm feeder made portable aie Combination brondet owe door he Movsr AND HOME Sealing double-hung windows agsinst insects, a2, Grawlisbace floored with Teofine to reaue ilstire ‘ade ids stitciin: ees Fence Keene tous trom reling under vediater. eae i thimble it nae tip Benesch kept coo! Flat-iron dumpers. for do Mousetrap holes “not Home f Bread'cleens painted febrie Sonp-flakes solution used to clear decorative feathers. 212210 Gard fable in epen doorvay serves ax beby wats 497 Insulator ‘on clothesline prop prevents rust sollage: aot LAWN AND GARDEN ‘weed teller works locally = Gere Sit oe Gakaea Cart doubles nx sail after? S00. Scren-top can forms sprinkler nit Pipe frame supports plenle table and benches ae Pigthdie Gener holes voll ntact when trenmpinting seedlings’ 155 Flower pedestal for lawn oF porch Improvised from sewer tile. 189 (Continued to page 15) MMPORTADT. (te information recardinw the intent Seveloomenta tn th Tu ASAT pita NERS Anders Bt et POPULAR MECHANICSIINWIEN TORS If you believe that you have an invention, you should find out how to protect it. The first step is to have a search made of the prior pertinent U. S. patents. If a report on.this search indicates that the invention appears patentable you can apply for a patent, and the specifications and claims should be prepared. The firm of McMorrow, Berman & Davidson, with offices in Wash: ington, D. C., is qualified to take the necessary steps for you. We can make a preliminary search on your invention, advise you whether we think it can be patented, and prepare your application for patent. Unless you are fully familiar with the U. S. Patent Laws, we recom- mend that you engage the services of a Registered Patent Attorney to protect your interests. The patent laws are your laws. A patent gives you the right to prevent others from making, using or selling the invention claimed in your patent for a period of 17 years. Use these patent laws for your protection. Investigate whether your invention can be patented. If you have what you believe to be an in- vention, we suggest that you have this firm make a search for you. Send for a copy of our Patent Booklet entitled “How To Protect Your Invention,” containing in- formation about patent protection and patent procedure. Along with this we will also send you an “Invention Record’ form, for your use in writing down and sketching details of your in- vention. We will mail them promptly. No obli- gation. They are yours for the asking. McMORROW, BERMAN & DAVIDSON Registered Patent Attorneys PATENTS . COPYRIGHTS . PATENTS 135-T VICTOR BUILDING, WASHINGTON 1, D. CG: MAY 1951 15TOUGH GLOVES TOUGH JOBS Made of super-tough native pig hide for money-saving extra wear— tanned bucleekin. soft for luxurious extra comfort by the famous Wolverine triple-tanning process. No other work gloves are made like this--ONLY WOLVERINE PIGSKINS ee OEE genuine Wolverite Me- chasical Pencil Sent FREE if you write for WOLVERITE name of nearest Wol- PENCIL verine dealer. WRITE TODAY to WOLVERINE + Rockford, Mich. Dept. HJ-5 THE ¢ WORLD'S i BEST i BUY in low-cost transportation (; y DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED V LOW PURCHASE PRICE V LOW OPERATING Cost V LOW MAINTENANCE Save your car—beat expensive transportation. Hun- dreds of uses for your Cushman—ride it to work, school, shop, play. Ideal for light deliveries, Automatic, clutch, silent-action coil spring, dependable heavy duty brakes. Cruise at 40 m.p.h—over 85 niles per gallon. ‘Cushman saves time, money, worry. Write for free folder ond prices—Dept. 9M. ee COCR Cem Te oe NEBRASKA 16 ens 2pcqunnercianpecaigpenpynenneomenntnd MODELS AND NOVELTIES Cornstalk forms pineushion ine onae a Bursing briet is Lireplace novlis Eades" beauty acs ae helpful tools for modelimakers,<.... ‘Model-raiiroad tunnels built from asbesios-paste mixtar OFFICE, SHOP AND STORE Dowel mounted on shop wall holds rolls of tape... ‘Magnet serewed to workbench Keeps small parts at hatd’*< 1a “Spotlight” shade for shop lamp improvised trom glut ext. 14 eesplns and pec Hold ‘peber=label rot typewriter. 16g Cellulose ‘tape “cleans” envelope......... ‘Ramp. moves truck ‘rca. ot Handwheel and steering gear speed use of shop hist Gotierspia Mele located By mark tied op bole. Bunlspurpose iciat “mais Hepeegnating Beaten ith ; al fiasking tape identily lead in compass PHOTOGRAPHY Grglamm provides camera mount ie i Filting eel Yor casesup shots fori! Bow Bat Stoning battery case, Wire mck stores photo tras, MIIt Cations ised tn ariroom to siore pit Solutions: ‘Safety chain for cable release... ee dls unwanted Fetlections Bonch-caw blade filed quickly i! held with spring clamp. Screwdriver Wt holds setey Ghote wire operates. toggle suvitehi {rot {Font of power Yoal: Improvised puller removes bearings from blind hols ie on swing saw increases Width ef Cut= moves brake ds. i gga un, iid Staies Welder ite. a 6035'S. vibration taser’ (The Vibrescape 3, 6. ih Bi. New York, © ty Hind apple machlie (Phaid,Reseaieh Corp, pets fy agdraulie High wetdey contol alt (RitvsiesA\ Boi tds Schacter Highway, Deira 45. Mich precision feud'sharpener (hajean Mig. C,.66Wingston Ave. MISCELLANEOUS. Plastic ods decorate in athe by use of warmed knurllng tol. 168 Rod anchors boat in sandy shore Hole in ground proviges, mold Lor isad “ishline’ Sniers Smatt box hinges made trom seraps of wire : i a si ss pa neuen sate Feta i Se a ip ae eee ae ie eee ee re eee ee Aer ay pt ai Men SR ag Radio-Television, Electronics gps cole receivers tiers operated. progressive Pelevision toaay ins for acto suena (Clock for aniede operons, ‘Atied Riaaio Corps R12 W., Jnckton iva, Adjuster. "Biancard. ‘Transformer ‘Corp. 3680 N" Elston, Shlcago: pillow speaker.” Wright-Zimmierman. ‘Tne. "New Brisiton, Minn’; voltcotvametcr, Meath Co. Beaton Harbor, ‘Mich.: phonograph records for cote practice, Tasullne. Cor poration oft America. 4602 3ath Aver Lone Yaland Gity 3. Se Siadlowcole Sractce set xtatin Manutactirine Go Tot Gaston ave. Brookirn 8. RT)". Insecticides From Wasp Venom? Scientists are hoping that the powerful ven- om of a tiny wasp will produce new insecti- cides. One drop of the venom, so tiny it can barely be seen through a microscope, can kill more than 1600 caterpillars, according to tech- nicians at the Connecticut Agricultural Ex- periment Station. The scientists hope to deter~ mine the nature and action of the venom, then produce synthetic materials with the same deadly effect. POPULAR MECHANICSJESSE K, KIMBALL “T often wonder what sort of job I'd have now if it were ding Inpector, Washington, D.C. not for a penny postal and the International Corre- spondence Schools. “Today I’m Chief Building Inspector for the District of Columbia. It's a good job and pays a good salary. Just recently, I got another $600-a-year raise. I.C.S. instruction made it all possible.” Tur. coupon you mail today might very well start a chain reaction that could change your entire future. For it brings you information about successful careers and how to prepare for them. It puts you in touch with the world’s largest educational institution. It starts you off the way hundreds of today’s leaders in business and industry started. Why not mail it today? ae Seen ee wonioarnarce Mecha jering ae 10 Doerating bie "Shop Gleprints wae a femates Gestation Belper Coren Baa sada it Raa lee Beeeetenta, SRA onmaty. Geis OEM ten Jes ton it oy ou nota Pret on — enn sero ee ae MAY 1951 itLend Mel5 ae a MEW MUN ae ading {8 old bodies for new! hulurange Ia not 100%. And. 1m :W MEN of them! sn simply raise your atm and flex (ig SOLID MUSCLE to your. Di- joven. jour whole" museulat system NSIDE ind OUPSID! What Only 15 Minutes a Day Can Do 1,gam ad snes to vou chest, ene oguigas ize "Yaseball “ata ers, wrestler nT" pisiers, ete I Was a 97-lb. Weakling | My iltestated Book Is Yours —Not for aa 00 or esl FREE atin ag ti an == = = SS SS SS ttn, QUICK-ON, STAY.ON, SPEED NUTS° | NOW IN HANDY TINKER KIT SPEED NUTS—famous throughout industry—now ready for | home use. Ideal for repairing or attaching sheet metal parts on tors, appliances, ete. Kit com fins over 100 parts10 popular size touts and matching screws. Replace threaded nuts and lock washers this On ae papa. ea ii t# i ae pal is CONDITIONING, REFRIGERATION, ELECTRICITY, MAJOR APPLIANCES, AUTOMOTIVE MECHANICS, BODY and FENDER REBUILDING I interested write or wire COMMERCIAL TRADES INSTITUTE Inc. of Ala. DEGREE IN Eula) SCTE TSS SLES INDIANA TECHNICAL COLLEGE “it Measures As It Rolle” ROLLER RULE HANDY MECHANICAL PENCIL Measures Curves ant Straignt | 1213 &. Oran Bh POPULAR MECHANICSTHESE MEN ARE GETTING PRACTICAL TRAINING “ELECTRICITY pee On Real and D.C. MOTORS GENERATORS SWITCHBOARDS: CONTROLLERS WIRING JOBS APPLIANCES ELECTRONIC UNITS (Shown at left Instructor explaining 5 ghertion and sting of larte Motor xr 5 lomeratar re sat periment) TELEVISION SETS RADIO RECEIVERS (Frequency Modulation) nee cern AUT OS PUBLIC ADDRESS. ‘Systems (Riehi—Iastrnctor helpine, student chack ering ond trace crete ef Teeisvon receivers) TRAIN QUICKLY in the Great Shops of COYNE for VITAL FIELDS ELECTRICITY—RA ADIO—TELEVISION—VITAL . in defense program. Trained men whether 16 or upto Mail Coupon for 50 needed. TRAIN QUICKLY for better rating if drafted—Vital job in industry if not. BIG FREE BOOK! FINANCE PLAN @)oiictjianformen otaratease, Eg NOT “HOME-STUDY” COURSES! At Coyne you lern co [8:8 COOKE, rea real, full-size equipment. Trained instructors show you how, then you Soe ne aotesheal bbs yous: Woraoa ach Wo al TELEVISION-RADIOSGHOOL | ‘CLIP COUPON NOW for big new illustrated Goyne book. Check whether interested in ELECTRICITY or TELEVISION-RADIO or both. No obligation; no salesman will call. Get vital facts now! BW. COOKE, Pres. ELECTRICAL & TELE- | COYNE VISION-RADIO SCHOOL Sean etter ee \\ MAY 1951 19 sal siGace petals ta ver lag feet Big ae ks so roe OD ELECTRICITY CD TELEVISION-RADIO NAME .o.sescees ADDRESS. jorINVENTORS A patent is a valuable right. On the basis of a constitutional provi- sion Congress has established a sys- tem under which inventors may secure the exclusive right to pre- | vent the unauthorized use, manu- | facture and sale of their inventions for periods of seventeen years. The inventor secures this protection by obtaining a patent. Unless an inventor is thoroughly familiar with such matters, he is advised to employ a competent registered patent attorney or reg- istered patent agent, as the value of patents depends largely upon the skillful preparation of the specifications and claims. This firm is registered to practice before the U. S, Patent Office and is available to assist inventors in the preparation and prosecution of their cases. Detailed information and the preliminary steps to take to obtain patent protection will be furnished upon request. EVANS &. Co, Wn4n%. Gane GISTERED PATENT ATTORNEY 630-E MERLIN BUILDING, WASHINGTON 6, D.C, PATENTS COPYRIGHTS We shall be glad to send you promptly “= and without obligation, an instructive booklet, “Patent Protection for Inven- tors”, which was prepared to give inven- tors detailed inform: and steps to take toward patent protection—also our convenient “Evidence of Invention” form. Use address Victor J. Evans & Co., 630-E A Merlin Building, Washington 6, D. C, 20 7 | ‘SoTRIANGLE MANUFACTURING C0., Dept. N-8, Fort Scott, Kai Peetu naa ae aL ro HE-MAN as YOU can be SOON. in 10 Thrilling Minutes a day. Yes! Today eveyone amices Join Sis movi= star champion BUILD, His ic igty ARMS. Hs heroic CHEST, Hs broad BACK His mck-ne TOrGo, Ms wie mit SHULD We new "pi John Dies on FOPLAIT. AT Be A Winner ot Anything YOU 5 run fate Tackle with Progressive Power SPORTS! JOB! SCHOOL! FRIENDS Sots ae ie ee cee ee MEE STAMMER New booklet, "Stammiering, and How to Stop ‘sent free to any stammerer upon request. W: foduy.“BERJAMIN'N. BOGUE, Debt. 518, Cl indianapolis CHEMISTRY EARN AT HOME... You need chemical krowledge to qualify for thousands of today’s good jobs in Industry, busines, science, profesions, This Course enables you to. moster praciical chem You learn by performing actu iments af home, using chenica ‘ond apparatus furnihed with courie..lustrated Tesson books guide ‘Counse opproved. Equivalent to recognized courtes ft ‘chomisty. Sond todey for frae cataloy INSTITUTE OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY ___3 PROSPECT AVENUE, HAGERSTOWN, MD. RERSESEATE PAYS BIG! sexo. ron ree. towi No firation, Graduation epare savers: neomes, fading flume Law ties. Lawyers, ‘Bulle your ewn ausllty mower “with our “LOW ‘COST’ KITS,” Pat Plant gi you : ‘complete. Paris precision inished, ealy: to wie. Write TODAY for, Free Plans, ‘Low Prices, ‘Paris List and Guarantee POPULAR MECHANICS7ET WTO GOOD JOBS AWAIT THE TRAINED RADIO-TV TECHNICIAN re is a place for you in the great Radio-Televisions tronics industry when you ate trained as National pols will tain you at home rained technicians are in growing demand at good —in manufacturing, broadcasting, television, conte tions, radar, research laboratories, home Radio-TV ice, and other branches of the fleld. National Schools ter Shop-Method Home ‘Training, with newly added ong and equipment, trains you in, your spare time, t ih your own home, for these fascinating opportuni= ‘OUR METHOD IS PROVED BY THE SUCCESS OF MONAL SCHOOLS TRAINED MEN, ALL OVER THE RLD, SINCE 1905. EARN WHILE YOU LEARN .y National students pay for all or part of their train ‘with spare time earnings. We'll show you how you do the same! ‘Early in your traning. you receive are-time Work” Lessons ‘which will enable you to ney servicing neighbors’ and friends! Radio ‘Television receivers, appliances, ete. Audio Oscillator nal Schools Training ts All-Embracing pnal Schools prepares you for your choice of many portunities. ‘Thousands of home, portable, and auto ps are being sold daily—more than ever betore. Tele= i is sweeping the country, too. Co-axial cables now construction will soon, bring ‘Television 40 every town, and farm! National Schools’ complete traine program qualifies you in all fields. Read this partial pt opportunities 108 trained technicians: psisens of Your Own». Brecd:oniing fio Menutecturmgy Sales, Service = Telecesting ‘Manvtactting, gale ficintenane ‘call Systeme rogers Aure Rolle Soles, Service nd System: ond Telephone ea tree nd scorer of ather good jobs in mony related fields, f Electronic Equipment 5, Engineering Firms ‘complete series of jp - to the = minute levision lessons. is important part of jour course. They over all phases of levision ‘repairing, ron texts used Dy ident students in oUF own modern and complete Tele sion broadcast studios, Taborstories and classrooms! MAY 1951 LEARN BY DOING Supecheterodyne Receiver You receive and Keep all the modern equipraene shows wey ineluding tubes. an REE! 0030: 2. t00 oo all the Valuable, professlonal quali Multitester. No extra el Hee day tor Netlenal Schools’ new, You build the Ane Su erodyne Receiver wi we send you. Iluitrated Seok of Oper tunity in Radio-Television= Electronics, and on actvol Somple Lesson. No cost— ‘no obligation. Use the coupon now —we'll ‘onswer by seture paris APPROVED FOR ‘alrmall. vereraNs | AND et Resident & NON-VETERANS | eect ady Check coupon below Courses offered / NATIONAL SCHOOLS LOS ANGELES 37, CALIF. + EST. 1905 FIND OUT NOW...MAIL COUPON TODAY National Schools, Dept. 5-PM 4000 South Figueroa Sirect los Angeles 37, Californie 1 Matt in envetope | or paste om 1 penny postat. | J Send me your FREE hook “Your Future in Radio" and | j the saiiple Heuon of your course, X undemtand no | jsslesan alee he | | 1 | | ea Appress———— Ci Gheck here if Veteran of World War Ir | 21