- Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 Define on-the-job training. 2 Do not award answers

which clearly relate to
Award 2 marks for a full definition.
induction.
Award 1 mark for a partial
definition. Accept: Watching a more
experienced worker
Training at the place of work,
doing the job [2]
watching or following an
experienced employee [2]
OR
Training at the place of work
usually the person does the actual
job while an experienced employee
observes and guides him or her,
making corrections as required
[2]
Partial definition e.g. training while
you are working [1]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2 Do you think an interview is the 6 This is a general question

best way for a large business to so there are no marks for
select new employees? Justify application.
your answer.
For evaluation to be
Award up to 2 marks for awarded justification will
identification of relevant points. usually follow on from
relevant analysis of
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
points.
development of points.
Award 2 marks for a justified
decision as to whether an interview
is the best way for a large business
to select new employees.
Points might include:
Interview:
• Able to use in-depth
questions/obtain detailed
answers [k] allowing them to
understand their
qualities/personality [an]
• Able to read/see body
language/facial expressions
[k]
• Time consuming to set
up/carry out (multiple
interviews) [k] so (Human
Resources) manager has less
time to focus on other
activities [an]
Other options include:
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

• Skills test [k] shows/proves

the person can carry out the
required tasks[an] but may not
be feasible to perform some
activities (as depends on what
the job is) [an]
• Group situation / role play [k]
which allows an opportunity
to show interpersonal skills
such as communication /
leadership qualities /whether
person interacts well with
others [an] but the actions of
others may distort process
[an]
• Assessment centre/days [k]
Other appropriate answers should
also be credited.
Justification might include:
Interviews mean the business can
discuss the candidates
experiences
in detail [k] which can allow
them
to understand their individual
qualities [an]. Whereas a group
activity [k] offers the opportunity
to actually show the individuals
interpersonal skills such as
leadership or team qualities [an].
No, I do not think an interview is
always the best way as it depends
on the job. A group situation is
better method as there may be
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

limited value in appointing

someone who is good in a 1-to-1
situation if they cannot work as part
of team [eval] and in a large
business they are likely to have to
work closely with many other
people. [eval] [eval]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3 Explain one possible effect on

6
To use words from the
BCZ and one possible effect on
stem as application,
its employees of the new legal
the reference must be
controls that will reduce the
appropriate (i.e. make
maximum number of working
hours.
sense) in relation to the
point being made.
Award 1 mark for identification
of
each relevant effect (max 2).
The following words are
likely to be appropriate
Award 1 mark for each relevant
for this question:
reference to this business (max
2).
• Cement
• Factory
Award 1 mark for each relevant
explanation (max 2). • 35 or 45 or 10
hours
Points might include:
• 12 countries
Effect on BCZ:
• External costs
• Lower output [k] in the
factory [app] so fewer Other appropriate
sales/less revenue [an] examples in context can
still be credited.
• May need to recruit more
workers [k] to make cement
[app] leading to an increase in
recruitment/training costs
[an]
• May encourage BCZ to
 become more capital intensive
[k] which will reduce the
number of workers [an]
• Lower labour costs (if do not
need extra workers) [k]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

Effect on BCZs employees:

• Lower pay [k] as only able to
work 35 hours [app] so lower
standard of living [an]
• Better health / work life
balance [k]
• May have to look for a
second/another job [k]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4 Define ‘off-the-job training’.

2 Do not award examples
on own as this does not
Award 2 marks for a full definition.
define the term.
Award 1 mark for a partial
definition.
First mark is for
understanding it is away
Training that takes place away from
from workplace.
the workplace usually by a
specialist trainer(s) [2] 2nd mark is [+1] for
stating by whom or
OR providing example of
where e.g. in a training
centre.
Training that takes place away from
the workplace, for example at
college, university or a specialist
training providers premises [2]
OR
Training that takes place away from
the place of work using methods
such as courses/conferences/online
learning [2]
Partial definition e.g. training away
from the workplace [1]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5 Outline two benefits to WTB of 4 To use words from the

having part-time employees. stem as application the
reference must be
Award 1 mark for each relevant
appropriate (i.e. make
benefit (max 2).
sense) in relation to the
Award 1 mark for each relevant point being made.
reference to this business (max 2). The following words are
likely to be appropriate
Points might include: for this question:
• Reduces labour costs / when not • Factory • 600
working no need to pay [k] to make (production
the (breakfast) cereal [app] • More
workers/employees) •
flexible in hours of work [k] in the (Breakfast) cereal
•
factory [app] • Easier to ask Private limited
company
employees just to work at busy • Public limited
company
times [k] • Easier to extend • Delegation •
operating hours by working Motivational
theories /
evenings/weekends [k] • Provides improve
motivation •
a wider range of skills/experiences Planning to
expand •
of the workforce [k] of 600 Training
employees [app] • Helps keep Other appropriate
experienced employees [k] which
examples in context can
may be important as business is
still be credited.
planning to expand [app] • Can
attract well qualified employees
who need to have flexible hours [k]

Other appropriate responses should

also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6 Do you think off-the-job training 6 This is a general

question
is the best method for a large so there are no marks for
business to use when introducing application.
new machinery? Justify your
answer. To gain both evaluation
marks response must
Award up to 2 marks for clearly relate to a large
identification of relevant points. business.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points.
Award 2 marks for a justified
decision as to whether off-the-job
training is the best method of
training for a large business to use
when introducing new machinery.

Points might include:

Off-the-job
• Can focus on training [k] so less
likely to make mistakes [an] •
Access to up-to-date knowledge [k]
• May have to pay more / high cost
of specialists [k] • Business may
not have the skills to train its
workers [k]
On-the-job [k]
• Still work while training so output
/ production does not stop [an] •
Cheaper than off-the-job [an] •
Workers might not have the skills
to train others (as its new
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

machinery) [an] • Employees learn

way the business want them to / can
control what is taught [an] so
standards are easier to maintain [an]
• Slows down work of experienced
worker [an]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
Justification might include:
Off-the-job is helpful as workers
can focus on training [k] so less
likely to make mistakes [an].
This
is likely to be better than on-the-
job
training [k] even though some
output is still produced [an].
This
is because existing employees
may
not have any knowledge of the
new
equipment so off-thejob training
is
worth the extra cost [eval] to
make
sure workers use machinery
correctly and as a result avoid
costly mistakes. [eval]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

7 Explain two reasons why training 6 To use words from the

might be important to WTB. stem as application the
reference must be
Award 1 mark for identification of
appropriate (i.e. make
each relevant reason (max 2).
sense) in relation to the
Award 1 mark for each relevant point being made.
reference to this business (max 2). The following words are
likely to be appropriate
Award 1 mark for each relevant for this question:
explanation (max 2). • Factory • 600
Points might include: (production
workers/employees) •
• Improve efficiency / increased
(Breakfast) cereal •
output / faster production [k] which
Private limited company
could help lower (average) cost [an] • Public limited
company
in the factory [app] • More skilled • Delegation •
/ flexible employees / workers Motivational theories /
know what to do [k] so able to improve motivation •
cover absences of others [an] who Part-time (employees) •
work part-time [app] • Fewer
Planning to expand
mistakes / better quality [k] from
its 600 employees [app] which Other appropriate
could lower costs of rework [an] • examples in context can
Increase motivation [k] which can still be credited.
help reduce labour turnover /
encourage employee
loyalty/retention [an] • Fewer
customer complaints [k] about its
cereal [app] increasing customer
loyalty [an] • Less supervision
needed [k] so able to make more
use of delegation [app] so managers
have time to focus on other
activities [an] • Fewer accidents /
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

ensure safe working conditions [k]

• Helps introduce a new process [k]

Other appropriate responses should

also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8 Explain two 6 Note: To use

factors SRB words from
should the stem as
consider when application,
deciding which the reference
managers to must be
make appropriate (i.e.
redundant. Make
sense) in
relation to the
Award 1 mark
point being
for
identification of made.
each relevant
factor (max 2).
The following words are
Award 1 mark
likely to be appropriate
for each
for this question:
relevant
reference to this
business (max
2).
• Business customers •
Award 1 mark for each relevant
100 managers • 80
explanation (max 2). branches • Removing one
Points might include: level of the hierarchy •
Saving $1m in costs •
• Importance of the role being Increased competition •
performed [k] to maintain contact Bank (services) / give
with business customers [app] to loans • Delegation.
ensure good customer service [an]
• Other appropriate
Performance/experience/skills/flexibility examples in context
can
[k] such as not able to use still be credited.
delegation [app] so not able to do Do not accept reduced
the job required [an] • Length of
costs alone as [k] or [an]
time worked/redundancy costs [k]
as this is [tv].
may be cheaper to choose people
who have not been there for a long
time [an] •
Attitude/attendance/disciplinary
record [k] will want to lose poor/
bad workers [an] from the 80
branches [app] • Wages/salary [k]
as removing higher paid employees
would help reduce costs long term
[an] helping to reach the cost
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

reduction of $1m [app] • Which

departments need to lose/retain
workers [k] • Number of customers
[k] at the branch [app] • The
number of subordinates under each
manager [k] as workers may
become inefficient if poorly
supervised [an] • Those who
volunteer [k]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

9 Do you think on-the-job training 6

is a better method of training for
a manufacturing business to use
than off-the-job training? Justify
your answer.
Award up to 2 marks for
identification of relevant points.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points.
Award 2 marks for justified
decision as to whether on-the-job
training is a better method of
training for a manufacturing
business to use than off-the-job
training.
Points might include:
Off-the-job training:
• Not necessarily tailored to
individual business [k] • Have to
pay more/high cost for specialists
[k] which increases costs [an] •
Skills might not be available in the
business [k] so benefit from new
techniques/ideas [an] • Allows for
mistakes to be made when
learning
[k] so less likely to waste
resources
when working/lower risk of
damaging business reputation [an]

On-the-job training:
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

• Can reinforce errors/bad habits of

trainer [k] reducing sales/damage
reputation [an] • Fewer new
ideas/skills will be taught [k] •
Control what is taught/employees
learn exact way business wants
things done [k] so workers only
learn skills needed [an] •
Employees can carry on working
[k] so some output is still produced
[an] • Cheaper (than off-the-job)
[k]

Justification may include:

• No, as it depends what the training
is for – if using new techniques/
machines the business may not have
a suitable person to train others so
on-the-job is not an option so it
would have no choice and would
have to use off-the-job training.
[eval] [eval]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10 Outline two 4 Note: To use

factors Kane words from
should the stem as
consider when application,
preparing the the reference
job must be
advertisement. appropriate (i.e.
make
Award 1 mark
sense) in
for each
relevant relation to the
factor. point being
made.
Award 1 mark
The following words are
for each
likely to be appropriate
relevant
for this question:
reference to this
business.
Points might
include:
• What information to include [k] • Furniture/wood • 5
such as skills needed to make (production workers) •
furniture [app] • Where advert Well-motivated
should be placed/which method of employees
job advertisement to use [k] for 5 Other appropriate
production workers [app] •
examples in context can
Cost/which method can they afford
still be credited.
to use [k] • Comply with legal
controls i.e. no age/gender
discrimination [k]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11 Identify two reasons why a 2

business might downsize its
workforce.
Award one mark per reason (max
2).
Points might include:
• Economic crisis •
Factory/shop/office closure •
Merger or takeover • Need to
reduce costs • Changes in
management/strategy •Automation
or replaced by machinery • Excess
workforce • Relocation
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12 What is meant by ‘induction 2 Do not accept answers

training’? which refer to training in
general
Clear understanding [2]:
Introduction given to new
employees explaining the
businesses activities, customs and
procedures and introducing them to
other workers
A training programme to help new
recruits become familiar with their
workplace, the people they work
with and the procedures they need
to follow
Some understanding [1]: Training
for new employees
OR give introduction about the
business to employees
OR training given to employees
before they are employed so they
know what to do
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13 Identify and explain two ways in 6 Application marks may

which legal controls might affect be awarded for
CHONS. appropriate use of the
following:
Knowledge [2 × 1] award one mark
for each way identified coal or mining related
words, no government
Application [2 × 1] award one mark
support, correct use of
for each relevant reference to this
data from table, export,
business
government permission
Analysis [2 × 1] award one mark to open mine,
for each relevant explanation environment,
shareholders, creating
Points might include:
jobs, 10 000
• Need to provide safety equipment
[k] such as helmets for miners [app]
increasing costs [an]
• Limit working hours [k] so cannot
obtain 50 m tonnes [app]
• Minimum wages [k] so cannot
afford to create 10 000 jobs [app]

• Pollution restrictions/permits [k]

as coal burning could damage
environment [app] so stakeholders
become unhappy [an]
• Where business is located [k] as
need Government to allow mine to
be built [app] without it they cannot
start operations [an]
• Restrictions on what OR how
much can be produced [k]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

• Increase costs [k]

• Banning/restricting exports [k]
CHONS would not be able to
operate because they are planning
to export [an] coal [app]
• Banning/restricting imports [k]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14 Identify and explain two 4

advantages to Toddles of having
fully trained employees.
Knowledge [2 × 1] – award 1 mark
for each relevant advantage [max
2]
Application [2 × 1] – award 1 mark
for each relevant explanation in
context of this business Relevant
points might include:
• Increased motivation [k] as
know
how to look after the children
[app]
• Improved quality service/image
[k] which is important in tertiary
sector [app] • Fewer customer
complaints [k] from parents [app]
• Improved customer loyalty [k]
as
family would use nursery again
[app] • Able to train other
employees [k] which might help
business become profitable [app] •
Fewer accidents [k]
Application marks may be awarded
for appropriate use of the following:
(3) children, parents, childcare,
tertiary sector, (make business)
profitable.

[Total: 62]