UNIT-1 Potroductior —— \ Aigositien waa finte seb fratevotrons thet ¢ followed te accemplsh ee oy, tore: | Dh tha must Seteefy —ihe following exiterca ae cane be Dopuk: zeso ox, moe Guonirtres axe cutenally supped BAY RB pe. Peet 2 ootpuk: Meare one qwontty penduccd) D peated: fash me fa fe cleat asd unombigoins De must be perkeclly leas mt wer, Add Foe 610M, Compule s/o 4. Pfortenen ; 2 we trace out -the fas 4 an aleo, then Poo all gore, the algo terminates offes a finite 0° 1 Akers 5i CPfectvenen . EVery fa murt be vest Gosre, 20 thal re can be Caxsied oul, (9 prinexple usong ml pene'l ¢ Pe Paperye fe t8acng each step thoulal be posible Peo ble ¢ ! Aug onthro u Mnput Computed |—-> Out pul- Lady q algos freludes y drglencr axeou 0 seceorch ote Pe @ an ost, which Can never bé Outomabed, Ue any {he dexen a. algos | =-Art ber devising, Wie vecenary ¥ elo. sia cossect onwer Pox all. pomible Leora PpaErie lige is traniformed 10 psog lang it should work coptechly « Once validation i dene, pg ve ontiae SThen-the tecond phoue called prog proving of eq Venificaleen 1% [ being done. te on veal data ops ase calculated ¢ vertied ~ check phetnet jemedts alent s tue . needs £ eapectati tae ovarains ab cer on tt —trolytes of ailgot 05 feifornone= anaiiyrt Sefer to toate of determiamg hos much cempuling cere ¢ Zlorase on alee requires, / Stew 40 ane (oe ole in algo 8 im He tkel the cpv 40 perform Ofecabent ¢ te memory do bots Psg Be eli tees “Thea he[pe we to qudler which algo hetter-than other 4 ef to predict whether slo meelt efficre ney Contrast 4 now to teak a Prq? TTerbeng kot too phos — debugging — Psofe le ead sample data Wad vind Poult Saunt og Debugging ~ a proces 4 cwrers ual cle to determine whet i gato tS comeck them Profiting f peipormance measurement: = Procen of euecateng a costeck Pr endatorery ard mearuning the Lime Space it- tabes to dempute the vedults > wag 4 fostrcalac frgtavehmt, OF Peg > pecitcaon:= “irate of fon cal: alge and peg 05 continues in awart” loop unt! Gated!) He does ot termincte tnled the Sys Creche, o¢ obpeyt ri Be use alte 9 Pry Inleicranacal, rey 4 d-tige tier cede dal lang lve Eng beh: tue we pseudocode the vetembles Cand farcal- 1 coroments begen with // ard exnlenue arti! ened of Ore 2 Blocks axe indicated with mateleng recess § and ref is an nd je eu fed 2b xepresen y compound ) v=) Beapr> ; -- aie two bool volt {rue ard folie: | do4 veol opewtes + ardor gino } Relation) 8 = 2 <= a,J etemenls qf rult menatonod t ee oa i ef a ae i if ie 7 dooprsa atrole bi white Cords) do for vas t= vob) to val2 Blep ’ é alep-out Jo | , [. 5 i : <3tmb-1> , i | i 7 | estmb_i> 1 di) 1 1 ’ reprab urls! Lt ae l :\ BE at (iomled avone tid I v0. ‘ D eebat_'> | digits vo binary €P oh a Positive h 4 eee integes ; | Algor thm ilcouncD). rh & Sill, Co se 1-0) 3° Unbl counk te, 0-0/2: pa es } a ~ vefe beeak 1 Lured 40 force exit loops fF ~98 break °% Ged | en netted) tops, results tadhe eut A Cones motk loop that ‘8 % post ¢. b fetom :- entte thes loops fanobesss Bindu! sto lf | ie cendn> then aekmt> j > > then cafmeld ete estrte> ' eCote 2tml- Coxe i 1 ceondn > 1 eabme i> t2cendn> + dstmt n> Mater, deem OH!> 5 J a eee a 9: t/p and olp axe dete a fead and waite, lo: Algosithn Nee () Bo algo cons fale do heading and o body : J Aigenthn Nox CA,9) JA & an army @ Rize a. Z Remit v= ALI; fos Gea) tn do ih AC 7 Resath then» Rerutt a : Sela Resuiky 4 yrs Platin y' ° poo tvs » Reauitty Bae loco veut. Gy dae <2) _ Agpritin, | Toven0 At : | TowersO¢-Hano! (94452), gach ma aa Whe the tp zee Pom elatier %4-101- meee *Stee Critera apon which we can jadae the algo Bu: be Doet 1k do wha we want it to dof & Doet & Wok cortectly acc to onginal fpecicaliems the tasie? 5:2 thee documentalion Hat deicribe how to ute i and how iL wovie? 4 Bye procedures esealed in sucha way ~oat—they perform. loaical Subfuncteer? 5 A the code Kadable? face Aomplevity. i — -Amount gd mem f needs to run -to completion - jo L- Aigor'thm abe (a,b, 0) i 7) Keburn | arbe bec + Ca+sb-c) [ Cart) Mae 5 det me word 12 oceded , to Atore gougle vier « 0b); Results v > Slp) 2310-3 '% Shace complerty = O01) “fhe Zpace sala by aleo sum -foltorna umkce yt Rited part = independent 4 chorotleree ties euch 28 O08 ips ¢ ofPs- _ tratedes _ jnstructeon or ode Space ~ space for armple var ~ Pered-si2e — Comppnent> Vouk ~ Space fox combantt eke. } r)2) Variable part :- pace needed by component Wars whose @® gize ta dependent entre Portculas problem tifance beta delved ~ 8 pace rceded by de Perence Vart: + weoursion slect Space => S(e)= ct Sp Pony algo BLN space veg by ps C- Com, beam t+ TO Ry Se) teebaance chavaateme tien peas Ns AGosrtam Sam(o,")) The epee seeded by 0 1 TE tooreb 3 Bence te 1% ON integer SEP-0; Eee et al «ee AN alta) We > 10, 1, Toad Heola) de Jo Space complenrty vs ofn) Atgontho RSum (a0) 2 tt.Cn reaussron ae AG 23 (new tos vo 4 aclucn odd“Time Com plenity =_ = “Time compler ity of en algorithm (the amount 4 compules tt needs to oun to completeon. -kime For) taken by progsam P fe ~the 2am of re comprle tome £ sun (or execution seme) * : compile teme dear not depend, onthe comes cmooabermtteas 7 fuume that & comptled peg till be. wn geveral-tmes without sewmplatn > fh program pep (8 @ meantrapal feqment dea peg that Bok erractenithe an esenbon me tet 2 tudepeadent- q the tratance &) veturn atbrb ec t+ Carb—e) /fath) tH? Step count =| 2) commen => slepcoumt= 0 2) Anegomen’ > =, it te dbetnok have om othe < alo col: © 4) fox,w ble, repeat until ~> Step Count only fos cembso! pacts @ re for UF to Cedprl> do while (eexpr>) do 5 ch exemtion athe conteol park dtre {06 atime P& Ore: catabe Btepcounk Ib tanto the a oe glob vor wtth Boke pEeO MGUY to eal beatcpduze co goo Vor Coun tortie vab =" ent -Alg.o Sam (a,9) } v tage ola. 7 © count = = Count-+) 5 Britto do Wh egipiecuntay) for oe Sees totes counk ;=counk +145 I tox oaegnmen t- ayGort) Coan tt ae) 1f) For leak time f for court = count+!; UW Peete gettin. felum gs. i onl after Sum 12 eS eae vo:4 gtepa Suro foros etewted= Qn¢3 = Qnts ena “Algosrt bro RSum (on) i eount += count +'; iP Co <0) then 3 Ceurt>= count +): Wit conan I) Fow ve run setusn 0/05 a che 3 coun += Counl-+ ly felum Rsum(o,0-1) + aCn)- 12 oF0 (0-1) 12 ro i Skepomt + - ‘ fz () © cum A+ ERSue sere veouttive Qemular axe yefeced fo of recurrence relatos: Jo solve dhv®, make vepeated gubetitu feos Cay ay bp C20 = arar becem (0-2) = Ca) + tgSum(n-2) a) o(a) ‘ie Sum (o) santo nzo => 25 Suntime rons Ineorly Ah p- intlanee chasactertebre as Stepcoume = &nt2Eas “Sek came me gets. tetance choractertekic: sndjelteed cou tates daft 7 defined lo be 0:4 words op etic need? -b descste that tubarce - Algor thro Add (a,b2,) t -= (-+ 1° ; NE ig RE COE Ae <— counfs “douk+) fox sf PoE §:=) 40 9 do ( efi): = a(5i) +6(459 o 7 counkr= Count} R S Algostieo Add (a,b, ¢, 0) Z sos fs= | +0 m do a Count := Count ti, (1 Pos Y Peed) i odo z >» 20 My Count: = Gounk +1; (Pot J efi) + = alti) + bis); —> ma count 1 =dounk +15 U1 foe auignmen- - Count : = Counk + 11 Ba foc boop eer en tt ia lout teme of fos Jj © @ounk 5 = Count + 1; cy 4 j ican!) 87 fe AE last step cout Bay = ams)othe? : fs Burld a table < [rat totel 90:4 aleps contsibutec! Py ae each etabement- Sle- slept pes exeutron ft atmt 0:4 temet cack atmb fe exeuled. Preqquency - Sgcisra fe tscquerty, Total ters Nlgos'thm Sum (an) ° es 0 a ° aa ie $1 = 0-0; 1 | ) tor tz =) to odo 1 n+) 0+! S$i=4ralil; I n bs vetur S$) 1 1 f 2 ah z Total ants a 7M eat a elatement De cee he Maorithen RSoam(a,n) a a 0 o 4 te (n co) theo \ ( t I yeburn 0:0; I 0 1 O che velour Reum(a,n-)+ a0; P i ] a Qh “TotalStatement aaa a ae ins Algo Add (a, be, m0) a 2 * mee m+!) iat acd €(ii):= alti] + bist} , “Total Statement ——_—— AAlgoritiro | FiboraceiC n) ; Aeampute i fe bonacti num iR Cnet) then toaite (n)-, ce! faco-. fi=b for (i,= 9 0% do) — S oe oe ptt 35 fas Fl + G11 Fo 3 write (fn); i me yo th | 2 4 Bust ey | ateps taken by algo -~o compute eo 8 ¢ MH lMlare choracteraha nol ps, ol” 7 rraagartade ‘fst tokol aps ° ° worl + No:d] sk“A step ® amy coapelation unit “thal ea tidependent of ese @) ehoracterstea fo addition con be ome alc te on Sep: addinror, pg subderctay Ee: boo malepleakons cen alo bat- sp! additeors contol ,nor w/o ~ soo Con be tne Sle P+ aug hererl to domp ule 19a Few cour, alere ood yrs 3° tne Complerity: tmmedvately if eth ve fours in foree EX Seosch algo tesmeta tet [ps axe) ook iterabren. Yhexe ose {heat cose atep mount ~ te mio 10 fos even pow thee Heck d ct-qcoants 4 dep, that con be eteulee) cake oud - 1 mow &. woret-cos ” 7 ik avg 3 Avg Uses 4 atepcoubt wcaku lation: i Helps ts © Compare the -feme Compleritia q two alos tha com puke the Rome func oe oe Predvot the growth to runtime ot trifance characlemehis MS Ib ed-feymptatic Notations oF Hothemetical tlotabrert— PE is antes mettod 40 fed time complercty. Asymplote means ahdy func. of porametes 1” avd n’ Lesmed Larges and larger torthout bound walane’ erested about how the sunning dome f an algo fecseoucs with ee of the pe dee tard 9 are non-negative cfunchens « 1, Big- Oh Notatren (0) uppes hound for the Pune etn): The ao) iy Be the) worse cote thal ae Lares to compute « qin) an, Luppectourd 277 value Fon) sre’ fonction fCn) = of gerd) CP there cual € ond np such thet fer) < a gtr) et Ou tac ro Brghoh aes an te poaibeve cenatanls Pere (ace) v Sig) ok equals Bm) © OC Gn) x we thet Wrest Em. Di £Cn) 28042 Psove fen) J) £(n) = S_nt 2 gnrasun + nZr ¥ + a Tg= X 8 Pt) =3049 = on). B9+8 = O(n) } anrB= ore) 4 ak s043 40 4923" | as 30+8 $30 Pye o70 gore = 0(n?) + poor = 0Cn) sea ah (oon + 1009 ~6 -¥ 9700 goo 3 =0( n> Pe 2502-3 oar ato 21 e402 +02 = 002") oo Ceaect s1te 4 924 SS Thesrem 22 9% PO) = anit... +6,04a5 then PG)-0[n”) 2 Bi Omega Notatron G 2.) are) lowes board) betoseour 4 th) The lower board impher belo tis -feme he algo cannot perfosmbetter + be oligos wetl toe Bleait ox mucr of time “8tr) = LCG Co}) PR there cwiel Poritere comlante Can % such-hak £6) Z ceqh) in, 02M. \ BP fe ents Piper £60 = ote) t Bn+Q 20 ava he abo 30¢a = 20)2. toon ear Dende) oo loon + & ae for nz 5 footsyn +8 - (ni) j +2 aie foc. nzl . 3f 8 2G ee qi) ik flower bormd on f(r): a ae A qc) Lhoald be ot foxaf or o func. q wn’ ax poarble fog which Pen) = 209 Cn) ik Fue + fa, N+ ana am >°, then 2 pet: om (9) for pw fares -the Power boud ard upp bound may be we h ard) Omega will have fhe Same -fune: * Lb athe quer osray ales com grt nd) ee ey ta both appes aes tow)u Pete Bv+2 Wee.) eek > so O22 g Beloe 2), ey 3 Clam s0ga \, A pe @ Oga2 Soras to i | besO | | y Nr) Ya) (gen) ree be a8 De, enh ne me = = A ban) [ome Ee o@) oO: 0(3”) t 4 po») @P» psove that $n): 0C>!') t 2 , 4 a. be _ "W FF “) i Dx Cn) * (2) ~~ *! n> Q. 2. ) } } j =o A dittle-omeq a @) 7 Bos- ol qed) ee ot a A Bepeoe fe ipa. 9 2 lore de don =e te calted dhe o ie ° <. {5M =1 ¢ algo tanes 9° ateps to tempule , =7 I eto Ge i i& tme bitlton steps Per tec. the sequsres “about lee men: " > Morse, algo cums /2 days " > 9e neco ¢ B loose dows BE oz loo ,algo wns WEI Yev algos with letra complearty 8 lemited 0 Small a = 2) 94 on algo Geel wl? atep& Hen wing oux [-bellvon 2. 9 gec Comp, we need Ip 4<€ tohen Wao ie actopi sage een) | “4 had been a steps » then oH 3) 3t algo compe! Risie0o, . | & 4 mgoo , (t? mend 9-190) Wee i m= (0,000 oe GF mend, a MW ,00,000 teh 5% doy,Devide ~and - conquet @ ——— General pethod eee eee Given a function +o compute on n ips, Dewde-ard ornquuet gps toto k doetencte Suber, | Pe problem to be wlvied: ms oy Bose valued fore! that determines aheth<-the Mput 7 fie °8 smal! enough ~Hat ‘ stdout apliting a the Atlee can lee computedCombenec) ~ fancteon defermines tee goln to P laing ie Find), tego Bk toa a Gore 13 te log sk -then 8 Cn 42 ) Cosea: ¢P eae dik eee 6 (v8 Logft' a) ieee ey @ (nk Jog (oq) te Pre 8 (nt) (a as te pzo © Cot bog Pn) 2 p Sole the following seourrence velotionk by Natles's theorem WFO - 17 (2) 0 where NZ) and t2 Power of D- a v 1 a4 f.a gftn)en waz ed] fo) E90! ask =| conde a i logy aie ane ye m, aie =5 Ton = 9 (n*)(i) TO) = at Ce) rabegn 4 b f0r)= nlogo = ol lodn Gog a 4 Ss in = oe a) leag =k a € Pebte ped EOren) = a(n loft») 2 C0! fos) = OColoatn )Binoxy Seasch:- Beare = jebiat are e be a dr tn nondecreasing ordee Pacblem (10 element Wi te preter fm athe babs 3g °% is ce dctemenh —hat axe atoted debesmne wheth& a present determine a ab, thea} we fe be vabse jguok that ay= De x’ ie dot to the) get to zero: pede 2 conquer strakegy for: bin Seoreh t= det Small(?) be tae F o=! gp phat woe fon ote cement, then P should be divded tole a ned Sabprotiera v4, dee AC LLAD ts the dat of cits. Pen on e@hden y ) Leash ard) compare X BiEh Aa. Now 3 power (ties at odin: - Pp cs tomed iately old has fo be Searched only to te cubliel bg te oq, a ome, es oa! 59, P ted to a(t :q-1) sg Oe hot to be seas ched only to the Qubleey Oar, Oded ft ok hore Alms] [a Cmeala] (mid 42] «.-ACr-D | oe + ——/ It key > amd) Bearch mighl part> BE is foitiolty fovoked o% BeoS sch (@, 1,9,%) aft-K) of cts t non decreasing ord<¢, Fore wheter 4 ia Peetent, and) it 80, ve afi], abe wetuin 0° By), teegne, ( 2 gmall(P) Pe. = af tl) then vetuse @ ae IP che sfaco 0; yi Hf Reduce P tako amollet gubproblemt ‘ wedi= (den) /at ; it PiPCue alors] then wetura mil, atic Cre aLmidl)) then geloro BinSweh (0,L, med-l, 5 else retusn Binsech (a, mid +1, h, Os , C1 fi 4 yo ie of ek & ronblecicosr order, all fii, Yekasn =e pens ond ite © 5gh ran dowial 3 H white Clow < han) do i midi= [flow +hrqn/2J ¢ (we afd })-then hgh: = mid -1, cle Cy >a(mdy) then low: = mid +1; cle yeturn med 1 w return 0: d ex Wet fhe ory come 4 MM fo, z, 9, 25,54 82), 10) 12, IRS, 181, M2, (5) t= ‘ft kgh med ACard) «7 AC!) ‘a 4 5y Isl 254 . 2 & 125 151 =125. Pode iy. ts a he a aa rad H= 14 low — bwgh mre (age 1 14 7 | Ts ae i j & { we t I a ' ey a 6Analyse d compowiavent Compariscon bw and atte Jal + Aaume enty one companetsn & needed fo detecminc wtuch the thece pourbiletros d-the Pat me i “the noid ett compomtrors needed to Bird carck f the ty elles 9 n @) (3) (sy ced C4] fe} @) Oo} cod Cd 2] G4) = C fey 12, 25 13) wa 15! Pepe 2s St as ifs 4 Clements —15 meee ee Com panos > 4 dagtGonparision for eucceuful tearch = a pee 4 2 > Fier Or 15 powble pootins Yat ussumenfal Sanh" es gp cee) piier algo veqee ao conpereae pncucentuners awe, ele Compe fos ot gematorng pourbelibver, tk rea} Be 59 - (34 A =5" cae 0: Geowplaviato for uneucce4 fal Jenene a --— B => Binoy deaston tree for 01> 14 i Rival compamsica dy re with ala), 1 xe ala] then compores torts, \Es) east Pi phir ro Bucceuful Search {hen algo ends ob a Hedin tndy . OF eral nodalBe ib 8 uneuoceniful 2easch, algo tesminates of ore f-the @) Square nodet: —edtertal nodes > RE 0 it Inthe wang [ak"!, gh] theo Bin Geosch makes atmos k elt Compareos foro Suceaful Search ¢ erties bt of IE ” ” “oun ” = Time Com splenrtys~ Re te bared on height binary denrston tece: Succes fal Beorchel Un succenful searches ogy bee cox | Cbg) — bask cose @ (eqn) - aero Bk Ber acc, f (pore! cole © _ Gvery ttme male one compan'aicn ard dive een numbers yy into 0, SThe secusvence a TY ass i ote wh = (raul 2 = [C%) all +2 ‘ es T( 43) +3 =1(2) rk vet e928 kelogh = TO) + toa \lign tate | 1 Ta); Of (01,9 )ee Sort (Pastivon cAchange ort) Woste wee wett on large get of data. wide ¢ Conques applied 40 quersert & Dewde the any tai 40): -- ACo-13 Into dao Qubasrays» deft: park Right fore [aeiacy..- Abd A Kees ated ed Allore astibion tome : TTine beqd to tore y j tine veqd to sor ke tthe on Vight pore B) solve by cubstitotion Gey 4 “4 te) stay 7 CR) ** : ar(%) eo ee eps): Bay /\ 03" at (3) ; BS is? 4 Heuleds theorem oe ATC aah \ a=d, pa 40 - = oe => Pro 25.6 (a'leq'n) =) 8 Cologn)loose’ core feme efficienay queksore: Wwoset core occurs fhon, af each tovocation J the psec, the curren leaned tnto 400 Subarrays with one e{-them beng axrey fe parti empty. “ws getaplion ocwase if att the elle wre orcarged * atcending og deverding Oder welt yictd foltowerg, eqierce f ex [aa a8pus, 28) Pasetors ag (33, wy, 55) an 33 Cw, 55) an 33 W (59) re ne} => To) = ; 6 To) + Tin) +9 otbeswrtc_ => Te)= Ths) +9 = T(o-a) + Cr) + gee) + (nea) + n-D+m = Tra) + 142+ - tory Orlem+ te _ a D aailiptow: 92° tiny € 0, 8400) => fren = Ont , of Preteney. row not ee fost\ioted woto two fubarrays of Moyreo) ome GD 44 (2, Fede) ih. leer v Partition Noltiply by ‘a’ on both andes J freee on) ) opts oct) = ptt) = oC!) + a (rte) +70) 4- a Ca leken pat nen-l to) 2 oa Frees 0-0 + arto) + pote To) = TC) -0 pertrs Q -©) ee! et ae pivde by cert) a0) : i t(0-) e ae | vt) * Substrtubror tia) , 2 +a Tn) = ee i — vel os 2 ae a A cy 0 = Tod + ma g Soon. I ee me tS oh lice ai ga lesht Yt: vo) =8] (a i Loe 4 Pan = jae see aEqa © gees uy, Ten) < acorl) [eG9- loz] - = Oleg) > Apply quncktort: to toct the tee E,KA,MPLE to alehalebod order: Stable sosteng algorithn'- A Sostog metiad @ sord 0 be slobk if abcthe end fe enttc! alle ocevé inthe game ord aa thet of ompinal te tok a stable Bosley a Skool pacer method: meted, wel Qureke gost method but Hesge cu@ Nexge Sost’- ————— 48 fo be torted ta nendecseou'eg order: “Aaume. the elemen Given seqpence the 0 idea tt to imagine ond afin/2} +1], ..+, aCo}+ Each fet the vesalleng) gouted Lequentss ave merged ko produce a senate tosted dequene qin alte: t dewde:. Partrdion array ato too sublet Sondag with ofp ells cack: & Conquers: Reouratvely fee 3) and 35. 3. Combine) Resa ond > toa unrave Haostam Nesqp Sore (toro, hegn) he (tow: gn] ma qlebel array lo be te tye “ft there & only One elk: elte (alco called key) acted, them aplit into -feoo aetg aCe -a(o/s) ea individu lly aostec) arc 2octed gop Bosted. */ SmaltP) 1 iP-trece xe. MORE ston one elk i i (low mid 4 oPHY ke nto ye Copy aly] x REE ICIMTPIST |Stromeri2 Hater Hutteplicatéo fot jo tee NE ame C=AB by toring he iS), Sy acemaces) api, between land a pene ocketoas. The product matey ig alto an TxD matrix , hoe os clement ythe it sow AP ee gh colune 4 c ~To compute CCi,i) Be ced n mutteplicaton => Convertiond mater enultaplicat on tales aCe?) evide-¢ —donques strobeqy: ~ det nis power a, neak: 2 1 ff rok power &, Chen append enough rows F ¢ columm G zero do for he 8 > So-tlert- retuting Jimersiers Axe @ poucr af tad- Smegore AcB ae portiteoned into 4 Squore tubmaterca. epnak gabmatex haweng dem An. chen produc: AB G axa matorces (t fin By By. Cy Om far ‘Al i | p is Coo tren Cy = Au Bu + Ap Boy Ge = fn Bio! + Am Bes Cay > Agy By + Azo Fo Cog = Aay Bio i fos Boo : e M2 @ power f 2, these matrrs poducks Can be secure 7 “emried bythe Sam algo, unt Cabtnerbyis beterne Small worth “4 ‘a at: fe, We nend 3 malteplicatios X85 watircey abtorr Jona mates he facts ne2 nn er vot oa Ls addoteon bore bec are contort. * => The) =0 (a3) Alene ,00 Fmpevement than eaditroral method ; iy P theplreaketrs steed ‘dracreced a way fo compute Cis * older pe malt! pues , ard 8 adbteos 05 sublaclos.: BE (ayrtn) (Br) a= (a) * Bee) ‘a R= ZAy (B5- Ba) gen (Pan PD T= Gy +49) 822. U = (AaB) (®t 2a) Ve (Ai - Mae) (Be) * Bae Reruftng tecurvence velavon efor a iB: nee Te Sanca) Fes A W> 3 oF F444 ah) See (ayB hc a combant = 1 oa loge — logy E qeat |C= 1G) veo =6r(a) eC) ree fF #314) 4ECE). Mae (4) cate +33 bad) ser (E)*rer?(@) tone i et Z ' =ykr(hk) +r @ +)" fn +] “anor Pt (3) went Gr) os a logo Seas loal OOF oa 2 war ra) tem = : ras -: log =n P8t tank 2 ag (ire) o aes } Time compleyity iva of) ae afe*')