REVIEWER IN SCIENCE 5
USING USEFUL AND HARMFUL MATERIALS
Harmful: Capable of causing harm or injury.
Materials: Are substance that are used to manufacture products.
Products: Are things that we use in our daily life.
Toxic: are dangerous to people and animals even in small amounts. They are also capable of causing injury or
death, especially by chemical means (e.g. bleach).
Explosive substances: produce vapour or explode when they react with other substances (e.g. fireworks).
Corrosive substances: it eats away at other substances and even kills skin tissue (e.g. car batteries).
Flammable substances: are gases, liquids and solids that ignite and continue to burn in air if exposed to a source of
ignition (e.g. gasoline lighter).
Remember
Useful materials are things that can be used anytime and do not harm human beings. They are beneficial at home and
in the environment. They are useful if they serve their purpose and can be used for other purpose.
Materials are useful and harmful but materials can become harmful when it can harm or poison a living organism.
Some of them contain certain chemical materials that can cause harmful reactions and lead to different consequences.
Harmful materials are labelled toxic, corrosive, flammable or pressurized container. This label gives you an idea of the
different harmful materials.
Effect of exposure to these materials includes skin irritation, dizziness, abdominal pain, even death, depending on the
substance and degree of the exposure.
It is very important to read the labels before using such products and to follow proper precautionary measures.
In case of an accident or improper handling of hazardous or harmful substance, consult a doctor immediately.
SYMBOLS USED IN HARMFUL MATERIALS
CHANGES IN MATTER THROUGH APPLICATION OF HEAT
Heat can bring about physical changes in matter. Some solid materials melt when
enough heat is applied to them. A common example is a melting ice when it is placed out of the refrigerator. The ice
absorbs heat from the surroundings, which will then melt after a few minutes. On the other hand, if water is subjected to
heat, it evaporates.
Application of heat to some materials can cause physical change.
Heat does not only produce physical change in a material, sometimes heating a material
causes it to undergo chemical changes.
A chemical change occurs to materials when heat is applied. Change in color, taste and
odor, production of smoke, ash, bubbles, fire, new products and even heat are the indications of chemical change.
EVIDENCES OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
Whenever a material undergoes chemical change, one or more of these evidences are observed:
1. Formation of a new product. When a material is exposed to oxygen and water material starts to form a new
substance on its surface. Rust forms in metals because of the reaction of metals to oxygen. This situation shows
Oxidation, a chemical reaction aided by oxygen. The combustion or burning process of a material takes place with
oxygen. Through combustion new product is formed called ash (abo in Filipino).
2. Production of heat. There are some instances wherein chemical change results in sudden heating or cooling of the
material.
3. Formation of gas. The formation of gas indicates a change in composition. For example, when a material is burning,
gas in the form of smoke is released. Bubbles and foul odor show carbon dioxide, a type of gas being released.
4. Formation of the precipitate. Precipitate refers to solid particles that formed in a solution. This precipitate often called
as curdle has a bad odor and produce from two liquids being combined.
How Can We Manage Our Waste: The 5R’s Technique
There are strategies that can be used in handling waste materials found in our home and community such as the 5 R’s
Technique. This technique is composed of five ways. e can manage our wastes such as:
(1) Reducing using alternative materials such as using eco bags instead of plastic cellophane to minimize wastes
from plastics
(2) Reusing finding another way for materials that have already been used such as using old but usable shoes
(3) Recycling producing new product out of discarded materials such as making decoration (figurines) from
used/scrap papers
(4) Recovering making the most out of the waste by regenerating energy such as using peelings of fruits and
vegetables as plant fertilizers
(5) Repairing fixing broken things so that they can be used again such as sewing and mending old clothes.
As a whole, the 5 R’s Technique helps in minimizing garbage to avoid pollution in air, water, and land.
The 5Rs Benefit in Living things
1. Free form any type of pollution
2. If there is no pollution, all living things will be able to survive; therefore, no organism will become endangered or
extinct.
3. Keep resources from running out
4. Because of zero waste management, harmful diseases like cholera, dengue fever, and various lung diseases caused
by polluted environment will be reduced.
Benefits of 5Rs in Non-living things
1. Reduce the use of non-biodegradable materials
2. Lessen the amount of non-biodegradable materials that go into the landfills.
3. Waste are converted into energy
STEPS IN DESIGNING A PRODUCT OUT OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
A. Product Objective
A statement in which the need for the product or the reason for making such product is stated.
B. Title of the Product
Name of the Product
C. Materials Needed
Things to be used
D. Drawing
Illustration of the product
E. Time Needed to Finish the Product
Time allotment
F. Procedure
Step by step procedure to follow in making the designed product.
G. Results and Discussion
It shows the findings and the outcome of the product
H. Summary and Conclusion
The Conclusion is the direct statement based on findings or results. It should answer your problem objective.
I. Recommendation
The Recommendation is given based on your conclusion. You may give few recommendations which you think
can
help the fellow designer (pupils) or the entire community where people live in.
IT’S MORE FUN IN RECYCLING!
Recycle means to use the material again in another way or for another purpose. Reduction of the number of solid
wastes can be achieved most successfully through recycling programs. There must be intensive campaigns to
encourage increased household participation in waste recycling.
Ways of Recycling Wastes
• Waste metals can be sold as scrap. These can be melted and reformed.
• Glass is first separated by color (green, amber and clear) before it can be melted, reformed and reused.
• Several major types of plastic can now be recycled. Plastic foam containers are melted and extruded to make such
plastic materials as plastic “lumber”, furniture, frames and garbage cans.
• Certain kinds of plastic soda bottles can be shredded and reformed as to be used as fiberfill.
• Paper is recycled by de-inking, shredding and repulping. They can be used as clean paper again, and then remade
into newsprint, cardboard boxes, paper bags, and other paper products.
