Database 2.

Underline the relevant

information in each paragrap.

This article is about the computing concept. For instances of the general concept,
see Lists of databases.
An SQL select statement and its result
In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based
on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software that interacts
with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data.
The DBMS additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the
database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can
be referred to as a database system. Often the term "database" is also used loosely to
refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the
database.
Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted
on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases spans formal
techniques and practical considerations, including data modeling, efficient data
representation and storage, query languages, security and privacy of sensitive data,
and distributed computing issues, including supporting concurrent access and fault
tolerance.
Computer scientists may classify database management systems according to
the database models that they support. Relational databases became dominant in the
1980s. These model data as rows and columns in a series of tables, and the vast majority
use SQL for writing and querying data. In the 2000s, non-relational databases became
popular, collectively referred to as NoSQL, because they use different query languages.
Terminology and overview

Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data accessed through the use of a
"database management system" (DBMS), which is an integrated set of computer
software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access
to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit
access to particular data).
The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large
quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is
organized.
Because of the close relationship between them, the term "database" is often used
casually to refer to both a database and the DBMS used to manipulate it.
Outside the world of professional information technology, the term database is often
used to refer to any collection of related data (such as a spreadsheet or a card index)
as size and usage requirements typically necessitate use of a database management
system.[1]
Existing DBMSs provide various functions that allow management of a database and its
data which can be classified into four main functional groups:

• Data definition – Creation, modification and removal of definitions that

define the organization of the data.
• Update – Insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data.[2]
 • Retrieval – Providing information in a form directly usable or for further
processing by other applications. The retrieved data may be made available
in a form basically the same as it is stored in the database or in a new form
obtained by altering or combining existing data from the database. [3]
• Administration – Registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security,
monitoring performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing with
concurrency control, and recovering information that has been corrupted
by some event such as an unexpected system failure.[4]
Both a database and its DBMS conform to the principles of a particular database
model.[5] "Database system" refers collectively to the database model, database
management system, and database.[6]
Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases
and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are
usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used
for stable storage. Hardware database accelerators, connected to one or more servers
via a high-speed channel, are also used in large-volume transaction processing
environments. DBMSs are found at the heart of most database applications. DBMSs
may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-in networking support, but
modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to provide these
functions.[citation needed]
Since DBMSs comprise a significant market, computer and storage vendors often take
into account DBMS requirements in their own development plans.[7]
Databases and DBMSs can be categorized according to the database model(s) that they
support (such as relational or XML), the type(s) of computer they run on (from a server
cluster to a mobile phone), the query language(s) used to access the database (such as
SQL or XQuery), and their internal engineering, which affects performance, scalability,
resilience, and security.
Database: 3. Make notes about main
point.

1. Definition of Database: 4. Make sentences from the

• A database is an organized collection of data. notes.
• It functions as a type of data store.
• Relies on a Database Management System (DBMS) for interaction.
2. Role of DBMS:
• The DBMS is software that interacts with end users, applications,
and the database itself.
• It captures and analyzes data efficiently.
3. Database Administration:
• The DBMS includes core facilities to administer the database.
• This involves managing and maintaining the database system.
4. Database System:
• The combination of the database, DBMS, and associated
applications is known as a database system.
• Together, they form an integrated system for data storage,
retrieval, and management.
5. Loose Usage of "Database":
• The term "database" is sometimes used loosely.
• It may refer to the DBMS, the entire database system, or an
application associated with the database.
6. Database Storage:
• Small databases can be stored on a file system.
• Large databases are often hosted on computer clusters or cloud
storage.
7. Database Design Considerations:
• Database design involves formal techniques and practical
considerations.
• It includes aspects such as data modeling, efficient data
representation, storage, and query languages.
8. Security and Privacy:
• Practical considerations extend to security and privacy, especially
for sensitive data.
9. Distributed Computing:
• Distributed computing issues are crucial, including supporting
concurrent access and fault tolerance.
10. Classification of DBMS:
• Database management systems (DBMS) can be classified by the
database models they support.
11. Relational Databases:
• Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s.
• They model data as rows and columns in tables.
• SQL (Structured Query Language) is widely used for writing and
querying data in relational databases.
Terminology and Overview of Databases:

12. Database Definition:

• Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data.
13. Access Mechanism:
• Data within a database is accessed through the use of a "database
management system" (DBMS).
14. Role of DBMS:
• The DBMS serves as the software that facilitates the interaction
with the database.
• It enables users and applications to capture, retrieve, and manage
data efficiently.

Functional Groups of DBMS:

15. Data Definition:

• Involves the creation, modification, and removal of definitions that
organize the data.
• Defines the structure and organization of the database.
16. Update:
• Encompasses the insertion, modification, and deletion of the
actual data within the database.
• Manages changes to the content of the database over time.
17. Retrieval:
• Focuses on providing information in a usable form.
• Retrieved data can be presented either in its original stored form
or in a new format obtained by altering or combining existing
data.
18. Administration:
• Encompasses various managerial functions related to database
usage.
• Includes tasks such as registering and monitoring users, enforcing
data security, monitoring performance, maintaining data integrity,
handling concurrency control, and recovering information in case
of corruption or system failure.
 5. Write your first draft.

A database is formally defined as an organized collection of data functioning as

a type of data store, with its interaction facilitated by a Database Management
System (DBMS). The DBMS, acting as software, efficiently interacts with end
users, applications, and the database itself, capturing and analyzing data. This
comprehensive system, including the database, DBMS, and associated
applications, collectively forms a database system, providing an integrated
solution for data storage, retrieval, and management. The term "database" is
occasionally used loosely, referring to the DBMS, the entire database system, or
an application associated with the database.

Database storage varies, with small databases accommodated on a file system,

while large databases find hosting on computer clusters or cloud storage.
Designing a database involves formal techniques and practical considerations,
encompassing data modeling, efficient data representation, storage, and query
languages. Security and privacy considerations are paramount, particularly for
sensitive data, while distributed computing issues, such as supporting
concurrent access and fault tolerance, are crucial in database management.

Database management systems can be classified based on the database models

they support. Relational databases, dominating since the 1980s, model data as
rows and columns in tables, utilizing SQL (Structured Query Language) for
writing and querying data. The terminology and overview of databases highlight
that, formally, a database refers to a set of related data accessed through a
DBMS. The DBMS serves as the software enabling users and applications to
efficiently capture, retrieve, and manage data.

Functional groups within a DBMS further categorize its operations, including

data definition involving the creation, modification, and removal of data
definitions; update functions that manage changes to the actual data; retrieval
functions providing information in a usable form; and administration tasks
related to database usage, encompassing user registration, monitoring, security
enforcement, performance tracking, data integrity maintenance, concurrency
control, and information recovery in case of system failures or corruption.
 6. Improve this draft by
reducing sentences.

A database is an organized collection of data, functioning as a data store and

interacting with a Database Management System (DBMS). The DBMS, as
software, efficiently interacts with users, applications, and the database,
capturing and analyzing data. Together, the database, DBMS, and associated
applications form an integrated system for data storage, retrieval, and
management. The term "database" is sometimes loosely used to refer to the
DBMS, the entire database system, or an associated application.

Database storage varies, with small databases on a file system and large
databases hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. Database design
involves formal techniques and practical considerations, covering data
modeling, efficient data representation, storage, and query languages. Security
and privacy are crucial, especially for sensitive data, and distributed computing
issues like supporting concurrent access and fault tolerance are important.

Database management systems are classified based on supported database

models. Relational databases, dominant since the 1980s, model data as rows
and columns in tables, using SQL for data operations. Formally, a database
refers to a set of related data accessed through a DBMS, which serves as
software enabling efficient data capture, retrieval, and management by users
and applications.

Functional groups in a DBMS categorize its operations: data definition (creating,

modifying, and removing data definitions), update (managing changes to actual
data), retrieval (providing information in usable form), and administration (tasks
related to database usage, including user registration, monitoring, security
enforcement, performance tracking, data integrity maintenance, concurrency
control, and information recovery).
 7. Write a final version of your
summary.
Understanding Databases: A Comprehensive Overview

A database, defined as an organized data collection, serves as a dynamic data

store closely connected with a Database Management System (DBMS). This
interaction is pivotal for capturing and analyzing data efficiently.

The Integrated System comprises the database, DBMS, and associated

applications, collectively providing a seamless solution for data storage,
retrieval, and management. The term "database" is occasionally used loosely,
encompassing the DBMS, the entire database system, or associated
applications. Database storage varies, with small databases finding space on a
file system, while larger counterparts are hosted on computer clusters or cloud
storage.

Database design, involving formal techniques and practical considerations,

spans data modeling, efficient data representation, storage, and query
languages. The security and privacy considerations are paramount, especially for
sensitive data, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of information.

Issues in distributed computing, such as supporting concurrent access and

ensuring fault tolerance, are crucial components in effective database
management. Database management systems are classified based on the
supported database models, with relational databases, dominant since the
1980s, employing SQL for data operations.

Formally, a database is a set of related data accessed through a DBMS, serving

as software facilitating efficient data capture, retrieval, and management by
users and applications. Functional groups within a DBMS categorize operations,
including data definition (creating, modifying, and removing data definitions),
update (managing changes to actual data), retrieval (providing information in a
usable form), and administration (tasks related to database usage, such as user
registration, monitoring, security enforcement, performance tracking, data
integrity maintenance, concurrency control, and information recovery).