5-3) SLAB DESIGN ( / )

DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (TO ACI 318M-95)

t = 250 mm

l = 3.00 m

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF NON-PRESTRESSED ONE-WAY SLAB

NOTE: The following values apply to normal weight concrete and fy = 420 MPa
S Simply supported l / 20
O One end continuous l / 24
B Both end continuous l / 28
C Cantilever l / 10
* For fy other than 420 MPa, above values shall be multiplied by (0.4 + fy/700)
CONDITION OF THE SLAB: B

GIVEN DATA
Clear span, l 3.00 m
Service Live Load, L 1.50 kPa
Equipment Load, E 14.34 kPa
f'c 30 MPa
fy 420 MPa
Concrete cover 30 mm

Trial thickness, t 110.00 mm

Dead Load, D 6.00 kN/m²
Factored Load, wu 1.4(D+E) + 1.7L 31.03 kN/m²

DESIGN MOMENT
Location Factor Moment Computation
Exterior Support 1 / 12 M = -1/12 wu l ² = -23.27 kN.m/m
Midspan 1 / 16 M = 1/16 wu l ² = 17.45 kN.m/m
Interior Support 1 / 12 M = - 1/12 wu l ² = -23.27 kN.m/m

CHECK FOR ASSUMED THICKNESS

rmax = 0.75 0.85 f'c b1 600
rmax 0.023
fy 600 + fy
q = rmax fy / f'c b1 = 0.85 q 0.319
Ru = f'c q ( 1 - 0.59 q ) Ru 7.77
d req = Ö[Mu / ( f b Ru )] ; f = 0.90 d req 57.69
Required thickness, t req (mm) t req 110
Provided thickness, t prov (mm) t prov 250

FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT
Exterior Midspan Interior
Location
Support Support
Mu (kN.m/m) 23.27 17.45 23.27
d (mm) 212 212 212
Ru 0.58 0.43 0.58
r 0.00139 0.00104 0.00139
rmin 0.00185 0.00180 0.00185
rreq 0.00185 0.00180 0.00185
Asreq (mm²/m) 391.64 450.00 391.64
Rebar dia. (mm) DB16 DB16 DB16
spacing, s (mm) 200 200 200
Asprov (mm²/m) 1206.37 1206.37 1206.37
Ratio 0.32 0.37 0.32
Judgment O.K. O.K. O.K.

SHRINKAGE & TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT

Ast req = 0.0018 b t prov Ast req = 450.0 mm²/m
Provide DB 10 @ 200 Ast prov = 471.2 mm²/m

SHEAR CHECK f = 0.85

Vu = 1.15 wu l / 2 53.52 KN
Vu @ d = Vu - wu d 51.73 KN
fVc = fÖ f'c b d / 6 44.76 KN

\since fVc < Vu Increase Thickness of Slab

F:\Central File\ Des_Calc\ EXCEL PROGRAMS\ Aci318\ Slab 730559363.xls
One-Way Slab
 ( / )

TWO-WAY SLAB DESIGN (TO ACI 318M-95)

(BY COEFFICIENT METHOD)
CASE 2 [ INPUT 1 TO 9 ]
Loading Data (kN/m²)
Dead, D = 6.00 FIXED
Live, L = 40.00

3.5
FIXED

FIXED
Equip't, E = 2.50
Service Load, w = 48.50 kN/m²

la =
Material Strength Slab Information FIXED
f'c = 30 MPa thickness, t = 250 mm lb = 7.0
fy = 460 MPa cover, c = 20 mm
Modular Ratio (m):
Load Combination m = lb / la = 7 / 3.5 2.00
wu = 1.4 ( D + E ) + 1.7 * L am = 0.20
= 11.90 + 68.00 = 79.90 kN/m² tmin = lb / 31 or 120mm, whichever is greater
tmin = 225.8 mm
Stress Coefficient (Refer to Attached Chart)
Shear: Moment: [support] [span] [span]
Cva = 0.940 Cma(sup) = 0.086 Cma(live) = 0.066 Cmb(live) = 0.004
Cvb = 0.060 Cmb(sup) = 0.006 Cma(dead) = 0.037 Cmb(dead) = 0.002

Design Forces
Short Direction Long Direction
Location
Support Span Support Span
Bending Moment, Mu
(-) Moment (kN.m/m) 84.17 5.87
(+) Moment (kN.m/m) 60.37 3.62
Shear, Vu (kN) 262.87 16.78

Member Design b1 = 0.85 rmax = 0.02000

Short Direction Long Direction
Location
Support Span Support Span
Flexure Reinforcement
d (mm) 224 224 213 213
Ru (N/mm²) 1.86399 1.33689 0.14382 0.08874
r 0.00421 0.00299 0.00031 0.00019
rmin 0.00304 0.00304 0.00164 0.00164
rreq 0.00421 0.00304 0.00164 0.00164
Asreq (mm²/m) 943.53 681.74 410.87 410.87
Re-bar dia. (mm) 12 12 10 10
Spacing (mm) 100 100 200 200
Asprov (mm²/m) 1244.07 1244.07 471.24 471.24
rprov 0.05554 0.05554 0.02212 0.02212
Ratio 0.76 0.55 0.87 0.87
Judgment O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Shear Check
Vc (kN) 173.81 165.28
Ratio 1.51 0.10
Judgment N.G. O.K.
Crack Check Es (N/mm²) = 200000 Ec = 25700 n= 8
M (kN.m) 51.09 36.19 3.56 2.17
k 0.598 0.598 0.444 0.444
dc (mm) 26 26 25 25
fs (kN/mm²) 0.2290 0.1622 0.0417 0.0254

730559363.xls
F:\Central File\ Des_Calc\ EXCEL PROGRAMS\ Aci318\ Slab
2-WAY SLAB
 ( / )

Z (kN/mm) 11.75 8.32 2.63 1.60

Za (kN/mm) 30 30 30 30
Judgment O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Note: In rmin calculation, the requirement for shrinkage & temperature reinforcement is considered.

730559363.xls
F:\Central File\ Des_Calc\ EXCEL PROGRAMS\ Aci318\ Slab
2-WAY SLAB
 USING COEFFICEINT METHOD

COEFFICIENT FOR NEGATIVE MOMENTS IN SLABS COEFFICIENT FOR DEAD-LOAD POSITIVE MOMENTS IN SLABS
Table I RATIO CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 CASE 8 CASE 9 Table II RATIO CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 CASE 8 CASE 9
R = la R = la
lb lb
C a, neg 0.045 0.050 0.075 0.071 0.033 0.061 C a, dl 0.036 0.018 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.033 0.027 0.020 0.023
1 1
C b, neg 0.045 0.076 0.050 0.071 0.061 0.033 C b, dl 0.036 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.018 0.027 0.033 0.023 0.020
C a, neg 0.050 0.055 0.079 0.075 0.038 0.065 C a, dl 0.040 0.020 0.021 0.030 0.028 0.036 0.031 0.022 0.024
0.95 0.95
C b, neg 0.041 0.072 0.045 0.067 0.056 0.029 C b, dl 0.033 0.016 0.025 0.024 0.015 0.024 0.031 0.021 0.017
C a, neg 0.055 0.060 0.080 0.079 0.043 0.068 C a, dl 0.045 0.022 0.025 0.033 0.029 0.039 0.035 0.025 0.026
0.9 0.9
C b, neg 0.037 0.070 0.040 0.062 0.052 0.025 C b, dl 0.029 0.014 0.024 0.022 0.013 0.021 0.028 0.019 0.015
C a, neg 0.060 0.066 0.082 0.083 0.049 0.072 C a, dl 0.050 0.024 0.029 0.036 0.031 0.042 0.040 0.029 0.028
0.85 0.85
C b, neg 0.031 0.065 0.034 0.057 0.046 0.021 C b, dl 0.026 0.012 0.022 0.019 0.011 0.017 0.025 0.017 0.013
C a, neg 0.065 0.071 0.083 0.086 0.055 0.075 C a, dl 0.056 0.026 0.034 0.039 0.032 0.045 0.045 0.032 0.029
0.8 0.8
C b, neg 0.027 0.061 0.029 0.051 0.041 0.017 C b, dl 0.023 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.009 0.015 0.022 0.015 0.010
C a, neg 0.069 0.076 0.085 0.088 0.061 0.078 C a, dl 0.061 0.028 0.040 0.043 0.033 0.048 0.051 0.036 0.031
0.75 0.75
C b, neg 0.022 0.056 0.024 0.044 0.036 0.014 C b, dl 0.019 0.009 0.018 0.013 0.007 0.012 0.020 0.013 0.007
C a, neg 0.074 0.081 0.086 0.091 0.068 0.081 C a, dl 0.068 0.030 0.046 0.046 0.035 0.051 0.058 0.040 0.033
0.7 0.7
C b, neg 0.017 0.050 0.019 0.038 0.029 0.110 C b, dl 0.016 0.007 0.016 0.011 0.005 0.009 0.017 0.011 0.006
C a, neg 0.077 0.085 0.087 0.093 0.074 0.083 C a, dl 0.074 0.032 0.054 0.050 0.036 0.054 0.065 0.044 0.034
0.65 0.65
C b, neg 0.014 0.043 0.015 0.031 0.024 0.008 C b, dl 0.013 0.006 0.014 0.009 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.009 0.005
C a, neg 0.081 0.089 0.088 0.095 0.080 0.085 C a, dl 0.081 0.034 0.062 0.053 0.037 0.056 0.073 0.048 0.036
0.6 0.6
C b, neg 0.010 0.035 0.011 0.024 0.018 0.006 C b, dl 0.010 0.004 0.011 0.007 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.007 0.004
C a, neg 0.084 0.092 0.089 0.096 0.085 0.086 C a, dl 0.088 0.035 0.071 0.056 0.038 0.058 0.081 0.052 0.037
0.55 0.55
C b, neg 0.007 0.028 0.008 0.019 0.014 0.005 C b, dl 0.008 0.003 0.009 0.005 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.005 0.003
C a, neg 0.086 0.094 0.090 0.097 0.089 0.088 C a, dl 0.095 0.037 0.080 0.059 0.039 0.061 0.089 0.056 0.038
0.5 0.5
C b, neg 0.006 0.022 0.006 0.014 0.010 0.003 C b, dl 0.006 0.002 0.007 0.004 0.001 0.003 0.007 0.004 0.002

COEFFICIENT FOR LIVE LOAD POSITIVE MOMENTS IN SLABS RATIO OF LOAD W IN la AND lb DIRECTIONS FOR SHEAR IN SLAB AND LOAD ON SUPPORTS
Table III RATIO CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 CASE 8 CASE 9 Table IV RATIO CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 CASE 8 CASE 9
R = la R = la
lb lb
C a, ll 0.036 0.027 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.035 0.032 0.028 0.030 Wa 0.500 0.500 0.170 0.500 0.830 0.710 0.290 0.330 0.670
1 1
C b, ll 0.036 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.027 0.032 0.035 0.030 0.028 Wb 0.500 0.500 0.830 0.500 0.170 0.290 0.710 0.670 0.330
C a, ll 0.040 0.030 0.031 0.035 0.034 0.038 0.036 0.031 0.032 Wa 0.550 0.550 0.200 0.550 0.860 0.750 0.330 0.380 0.710
0.95 0.95
C b, ll 0.033 0.025 0.029 0.029 0.024 0.029 0.032 0.027 0.025 Wb 0.450 0.450 0.800 0.450 0.140 0.250 0.670 0.620 0.290
C a, ll 0.045 0.034 0.035 0.039 0.037 0.042 0.040 0.035 0.036 Wa 0.600 0.600 0.230 0.600 0.880 0.790 0.380 0.430 0.750
0.9 0.9
C b, ll 0.029 0.022 0.027 0.026 0.021 0.025 0.029 0.024 0.022 Wb 0.400 0.400 0.770 0.400 0.120 0.210 62.000 0.570 0.250
C a, ll 0.050 0.037 0.040 0.043 0.041 0.046 0.045 0.040 0.039 Wa 0.660 0.660 0.280 0.660 0.900 0.830 0.430 0.490 0.790
0.85 0.85
C b, ll 0.026 0.019 0.024 0.023 0.019 0.022 0.026 0.022 0.020 Wb 0.340 0.340 0.720 0.340 0.100 0.170 0.570 0.510 0.210
C a, ll 0.056 0.041 0.045 0.048 0.044 0.051 0.051 0.044 0.042 Wa 0.710 0.710 0.330 0.710 0.920 0.860 0.490 0.550 0.830
0.8 0.8
C b, ll 0.023 0.017 0.022 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.023 0.019 0.017 Wb 0.290 0.290 0.670 0.290 0.080 0.140 0.510 0.450 0.170
C a, ll 0.061 0.045 0.051 0.052 0.047 0.055 0.056 0.049 0.046 Wa 0.760 0.760 0.390 0.760 0.940 0.880 0.560 0.610 0.860
0.75 0.75
C b, ll 0.019 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.016 0.013 Wb 0.240 0.240 0.610 0.240 0.060 0.120 0.440 0.390 0.140
C a, ll 0.068 0.049 0.057 0.057 0.051 0.060 0.065 0.054 0.050 Wa 0.810 0.810 0.450 0.810 0.950 0.910 0.620 0.680 0.890
0.7 0.7
C b, ll 0.016 0.012 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.017 0.014 0.011 Wb 0.190 0.190 0.550 0.190 0.050 0.090 0.380 0.320 0.110
C a, ll 0.074 0.053 0.064 0.062 0.055 0.064 0.070 0.059 0.054 Wa 0.850 0.850 0.530 0.850 0.960 0.930 0.690 0.740 0.920
0.65 0.65
C b, ll 0.013 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009 Wb 0.150 0.150 0.470 0.150 0.040 0.070 0.310 0.260 0.080
C a, ll 0.081 0.058 0.071 0.067 0.059 0.068 0.077 0.065 0.059 Wa 0.890 0.890 0.610 0.890 0.970 0.950 0.760 0.800 0.940
0.6 0.6
C b, ll 0.010 0.007 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.009 0.007 Wb 0.110 0.110 0.390 0.110 0.030 0.050 0.240 0.200 0.006
C a, ll 0.088 0.062 0.080 0.072 0.063 0.072 0.085 0.070 0.065 Wa 0.920 0.920 0.690 0.920 0.980 0.960 0.810 0.850 0.950
0.55 0.55
C b, ll 0.008 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.006 Wb 0.080 0.080 0.310 0.080 0.020 0.040 0.190 0.150 0.050
C a, ll 0.095 0.066 0.088 0.077 0.067 0.078 0.092 0.076 0.067 Wa 0.940 0.940 0.760 0.940 0.990 0.970 0.860 0.890 0.097
0.5 0.5
C b, ll 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.004 Wb 0.060 0.060 0.240 0.060 0.010 0.030 0.140 0.11 0.030
SLABS:

Large plates that are supported by reinforced concrete beams, walls, or columns, by masonry
walls by structural beams or columns, or by the ground.

Classification:

ONE-WAY SLAB ( Bending is only in one direction)

A slab is considered to be one-way if :

1) they are supported on two opposite sides only

2) it may be supported on 4 sides but :

m = La / Lb < 0.5

where : m = Modular Ratio

La = Length of Short Direction
Lb = Length of Long Direction

and where bending usually occurs primarily on the short direction

TWO-WAY SLAB ( Bending occurs in both direction)

Methods of Analyses :

For One-way slab systems, design proceed as it would be in a rectangular beam with a large
ratio of width to depth.

For Two-way Slab sytems, 2 methods are recommended by the code:

1) Direct Design Method ( Coeffient Method )

The Code provides a procedure with which set of moment coeffients can be determined. The method
in effect, involves a single-cycle moment distribution analysis of the structure based on estimeted flexural
stiffnesses of the slab, beams(if any), and columns, and also the torsional stiffnesses of the slab and beams
transversed to the direction in which flexural moments are being determined.

2) Equivalent Frame Method

In this method, a portion of the structure is taken out by itself as shown in the figure below, and analyzed much
as a portion of a building frame. The same stiffness values used for direct design method are used .
Minimum Ratios of Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement in Slabs
Slabs where Grade 300 or 350 deformed bars are used
Slabs where Grade 420 deformed bars or welded wire fabric (smooth or deformed) are used
Slabs where reinforcement with yirld strength
exceeeding 420 MPa measured at yield strain of 0.35 percent is used

Limitations of Direct Design Method (ACI 318-95):

1) There shall be a minimum of 3 Continuous Spans in each direction.

2) Panels shall be rectangular, with a ration of the longer span to shorter span
center-to-center of supports within a panel shall not be greater than 2.

3) Successive span lengths center-to-center of supports in each direction shall not differ
by more than one-third the longer span.

4) Offset of the columns by a maximum of the 10% of the span( in the direction
of offset) from either axis between centerlines of successive columns be permitted.

5) All loads shall be due to gravity only and uniformly distributed over an entire panel
Live load shall not exceed two times dead load.

6) For a panel with beams supported on all sides, the relative stiffness of beams on two
perpendicular directions :

a1 l2 2
a2 l1 2

shall not be less than 0.2 or greater than 5.0

7) Moment redistribution shall not be appplied for two-way slab system.

SS-50A ROOF SLAB DESIGN

*Typical Section
h = 150 (mm)
d = 124 (mm)
d b = 1000 (mm)
b = 0.85
f = 0.90
fc' = 30 (N / mm2)
b
fy = 420 (N / mm2)
cover = 20 (mm)
a.1 Flexure Check
Maximum Moment , Mu = 19.20 (kN-m)
Ru = Mu / f bd2
= 19.2 * 1000000 / 0.9 * 1000 * 124 ^ 2
= 1.387 (N/mm2)

r = (0.85 * fc' / fy) * (1-(1- ( 2Ru / b fc'))^0.5)

= (0.85 * 30 / 420) * (1 - (1 - (2 * 1.387 / 0.85 * 30))^0.5)
= 0.00340

r min = 0.0018 * 420 / fy

= 0.0018 * 420 / 420
= 0.0018

r max = 0.75 * (0.85b fc'/fy) * (600/(600+fy))

= 0.0228

r req = 0.003397

As req = max(rmin * b * h , rreq * b * d)

= 421.228 (mm2)

Provide : DB12 @ 200 TOP & BOTTOM

As prov = 565.49 (mm2)

Since: As prov > As req O.K

Temp. bars
Ast = 0.0018*b*h
Ast = 270
Provide : DB10 @ 200 TOP & BOTTOM
Asprov = 393 mm^2

a.2 Shear Check

Vu = 31.40 (kN)

Vc = 0.85 * fc'1/2 * b *d / 6
= 0.85 * 30 ^ 0.5 * 1000 * 124 / 6000
= 96.2166

Since: Vc > Vu O.K

Top Bar

*Typical Section

h = 150 (mm)
d = 112 (mm)
d b = 1000 (mm)
b = 0.85
f = 0.90
b
fc' = 30 (N / mm2)
fy = 420 (N / mm2)
b.1 Flexure Check
Maximum Moment , Mu = 26.90 (kN-m)
Ru = Mu / f bd2
= 26.9 * 1000000 / 0.9 * 1000 * 112 ^ 2
= 2.383 (N/mm2)

r = (0.85 * fc' / fy) * (1-(1- ( 2Ru / b fc'))^0.5)

= (0.85 * 30 / 420) * (1 - (1 - (2 * 2.383 / 0.85 * 30))^0.5)
= 0.0060

r min = 0.0018 * 420 / fy

= 0.0018 * 420 / 420
= 0.0018

r max = 0.75 * (0.85b fc'/fy) * (600/(600+fy))

= 0.0228

r req = 0.006

As req = max(rmin * b * h/2 , r * b * d)

= 672 (mm2)

Provide : DB16 @ 200

As prov = 1005.31 (mm2)

Since: As prov > As req O.K

DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB :

A. STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

fc'= 30 N/mm^2
fy= 420 N/mm^2

B. SECTION PROPERTIES

b= 1000 mm cover= 20 mm
h= 150 mm d= 124 mm

Stresses from STAAD3:

+M= 19.1 KN-m

-M= 19.1 KN-m
V= 58.4 KN

C. MEMBER DESIGN

Shear Check:

fVc= f*0.17*(fc')^1/2*b*d/1000
fVc= 98.1 KN
> V O.K

Reinforcement Design:

ku= M/(fbd^2)
ku= 1.38
r= 0.85*fc'/fy*( 1-(1-2ku/(0.85*fc'))^1/2)
r= 0.0034
As= 419 mm^2
Asmin= 413 mm^2
Provide: D12 @ 200 TOP & BOTTOM
Asprov= 565 mm^2

Temp. bars
Ast= .0018*b*h
Ast= 270 mm^2
Provide: D10 @ 200 TOP & BOTTOM
Asprov= 393 mm^2

RATIO = 0.74