reas | i between = the User and Corpoter which partioviay task’ to enecute dt acts as a intermediatory or as an operating Syscem UY cast J : Appltcatton System prograro progran a | [eeu | Keyboard] mouse |. ~ - - “| \ F y t i —S of provtdes on éivtorment to _ the efprcrent manner Interface hardware ts eatled —yiTt fs alse Known as resource atiocator. pares | — perating Syseero {eo Syste Software And provicler Manage! and" conti! the hardware, and, Software user. fo, in a” & Scanned with OKEN Scannerhi stern t- y wadvantages of operting Sate, hTfo sonagement (i, Error detection fi, Communfeatton Management iv, protection and Security % operating System Togettans # ur Process pets alan a Memory Maragenrent fh Qevice Management WM file monagement Fle Monagenent My Coma unt carton management Protection and secority n° error detectton. dk, Job Accoun ting ' oe ¥ program tk a Set of fngtvuctfons — are betog executed .by the Cpu. # Program « In) executtod — fy cated os process <% The 08 decides try ppuitt proqramnntng envigrn mem whteh process . whl be frst erected te catted procete Sched uttog, @ Scanned with OKEN ScannerRe ete ae rKeEPS track. of the” process. eathe processox Cepu) tS atigcated to SARS ECS SP PERee ss RISC) ers. fo all the processor (cpu) and Status a process who tH fs required esDeallocare the Processor to a Process when 0 Longe” required . “" ot Memory Management + => keepe track — of the mainmemory I primary mernory which amount of prlenany PPermony fo used and how much memory fs fee wil! be decided by the operating systern, The fouowing aectuttier of temory nnanag erent + e ThE memory fs atocated to a procest when fe ofS required. * The memory a deattocted to a process when 1 tee 4 looger required: SH peutee. Monagement When an operating system Manage the Device commmentcatfon — through the. verptetive . drivers. * the -operaring Syarem. dectdes uohtoh process gets the device. driver when and how much time, : o &% pitach the clevice Artver ushen te te requtre ¢ ee oe # Detach the clevice diiverg when fe fs 90 ge tequived: ., : i; @ Scanned with OKEN Scanneriv, File managennent i” : e ' WY) FRE MQNOT RY gs porenant ty orgoriged Nog gy steno * Fre SY navigation and visage s divectortes for Cas contain fittes and ge thE divectorfes may dive ceortes athe -fotrowing octivitter J ty on file snanagenneny statu we ep trace oy ttle Informatton uset 4 - tocatton and f0 on... ti ft es anecate the recoutcer to a frle when Ts required fe fr es Deatiocate the yesoureey to a Fhe uthen f ho longer required. YG renogerece “the operating system wit be dlechding the Topet given by the Enpet devices (leeyboard ¢ move) and processing the data fron the cpu ond then we ptt get the result on the Monitor Communt catt a1 a PODER EO: AROS erent “The = Gperatt erang Sytcenn ust be proutcted TH ty an ttevcin th i the an a Egan tbat one System te of er Sy teen Uprough the networey vt, TO! Protectton ond fecurtey 13 i oe The epek o Being system Provide : not acces! from the {the doe SPavthertged Ulery veing i @ Scanned with OKEN Scannerby the passwords , biometrte and face re ceqooitton vit) error Detuctten)- : ae oe dn -an : AY Programming enviornment ervors or bogs, wel be } occur, ryTO Check the error and. handle. the ervors. by the Operating Syacen. i Accovating y— by eh Aceounttog Keeps the track of time oud by the users. and vetources Control over Sustens performance” onteol ever Systern performances Recording the delays between vequese Q Service by the veer and vespense tron the system, operating Systero Eypet © Single vse? ba ® Bacch process ing os muottt prograrenning os mottt Tasting [tiene sharing os nuit processing oO pigeatbuted o5 eSee®@ Network OS © peat Time o5 ® poobile os: t 2 @ Scanned with OKEN ScannerKernety— oo = operating Cuyaters —y Kernel ty the a part of ae operating Systeno, Tt Te the heave of thE ‘ ty cornrnuntcatfon 4 Chu the main purport of kend the appltcatfon — progsand and h “% wave part t : ard iP (te Qu, and hardware.) as bridge between Qppticatton | Apptte atton 7 progsarns , JHardware. Operatin, t ' SREAEDG guts structure s- & Stmple Sevoctore dh None Ifthte Stvoeture Uh Layered sevucture & Mafero Kernal structure | 1% Module cevocture Sienple ‘ Sue Sues: eit xe SG Slope aed —senaty . : éNvforment p Maroming side tr not wel - dettned denictore Bhi See 4 @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner| Appiteato preg vowns__ 6 7 E Devt Kom Bios system Device prtvers _> Because , any process | nppitcatton Shovld be direct aceeyy votth the harcloare —> Suppose any application pot then the systero wt be clash 8) covrupted. no, + Tn this stroerore we wih use the mospos operating systern: fit, Monoltthig dtvucton’ 47 WR DRS ane > pt the funerfonaltetes Should -be pacred fn a Single level of the Kernel, 1 ff any of one core fonertanalfty vat! be modifted G1 deteve and soon. =~ s7heP an core func tfonalt cttes should be touched J The fenptermentatton and destgo fs very app teul® task, A \ — onix, opexattng System Can, be sed tn monolithic — Seructere: @ Scanned with OKEN ScannerDg eee ee et ee ee “he_Us¢? commands, conptley Shetts 4 Jocer preprete™ + yseero cal Gntertace tthe mere! — Sched Nii signal Fete eee al . at : atue ¢ Taped Oe ot Tevontnal Demand paging Handling veecual eemot y kernal Fnterface to the H{w H/w | Layered stvuctore ir RRA AE GaN. / rer Faces, oser_Abeer Face \ — In. thts layered — cervoture each and every cat functfonaltt nalFeles — sheutd be fmplemented fo ditperent toyers, —> Suppose the User Frteract with the hord ware Clayey 0) then vsex gan be betovw “Of | the layer aie Poreraet wfth ‘the i tr ttre woasting recess in A P the layered dtvocturey. i & Scanned with OKEN ScannerWi Rn ee nen’ zl: ee elgé ole > Server micro Kesnel R/w ae ° It termoves the all non- esential (ion - troportant) componentt from the vernels Ly the eofero lcernel “fs vied to Corammuntcatlon between the clfent’ programs _and System programs with the hel ric lp OF ero program. en it any program foilr then ‘ter, only Crathed. Diradve Tr decreases the fyscero performance ede Te the best appreach vied fh the operating Syatenn Structure hi as ae 5 Jr provides the core -functtonalittet and vematntog gone punetronalfttes when cermel te ronntng: : 3 the enodole mode System Catt "tg" Dig: Transteoo of Dual mode © evatfon 9 3 ‘ @ Scanned with OKEN ScannerCe ee ee a a tty the Cpu Thener operatton mel pee pave 7 aver cont —» The operating syste A process stock In o inginite loop dee. this f es THEN we Can uy, fs effected on othe? proce the ther operatton- after some Specithc Tt tnterepel a Connpoter i graed [ Veo") and Vavigt, pertod’ that ported may be [rms co Sec], 505 stl Set the counter then every tere Clock . treks then decrement the count tf’ Counter fr equal to ‘oly then the of wtll be terminated, | eek Eouse opexatiog systems to > Gen soorce can he desetibed gy free and epen Source Software aotomatteaity sy Anybody Can ule, alter, aistythute the code of Open source software, sMenpty The open fource rotans the source Code ts freely And Peblicly orceessibte. +9Open source Operating © bNox gared oy © §no/einox ® cree bso @ chrome O38 © Ubuntu @ cinux Lite Syseennd are: @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner@ Keact os compusleg Eouforpmnentt erwhen we want to solve o problem by uitng Cormpocer ercompurtng Enutotoment fr a cottect bf compet EFS tuhfch are used TB PrOCIS ANd exchange the tnfexinatfon on dyrerene types of Computing Probleme. o> computing €o¥orment ty the platform (fe roeans combioatton oF of 4 & Cpe] sh gpssenal comparing: it PS O& “stand atone machine, athe comple Ce program preetdes eat grard lane machtne and executed. from the game ane only Agr FaptOPs 4 mobltes , tabs and prtnters g Scannels t ents ft, Tene shasto comportng enviogn ment: — Fone Starting Computtng envio ment eae i alone machine fa whtch a dtagle wfer Can perto futipte task ae & time, ; The processor etme Ts ‘divfdled: tate motttple fs a stand Process QF a tPme. xr Ltaentng Be mite 5 Typing a document nd downteacltng ee @ Scanned with OKEN Scannerpvtornne * an ting © 7 Stone dower ngpenng SORA “rd {bower for nem : ‘in Clfent Server cormpottng envior S cantne and CeHVeY 5 * cette hay: B® machine Ure: Os “noachtne lent’ . ex Ife a aitent machine, fe a». nevenal cormpoter tow confiquratfon gyscen« Pee b tev Uve he eee hat super Conmpu ay Servey machine nee peed + “band votath. Ign centtguratton and, y and sere Srthe cltent request a service to the serve i Yesponse to the client. nd Server sy The communteotton between Cifent al machines HTTP (hyper teat tran fey proroco|} nse i rornment * Distributed, computing entomnment + Tn distributed coan oe ensorrvent> clftferent cies at dtzferent Locattons ean poform a stole Appifeattor CSarne), ae — All the vIer¢ diseytbuted the data from, oe vier tO Gnother uler thyough athe nvecwwort- ytd computing enviornment fr Guid computtog envornmnent Ie ts alto Stratiay at the \dittibured cornprt!? enuforment - in qrtd cormpectng énvfornment different used at different locatfons reat Can pertoren SPngle opp eaten 4 @ Scanned with OKEN Scannerseereq COMputtn Bon CIEE RELAY COT Or RD eaclustered cortpuelhg, enviornroent fs A Collectton of inter Connected — computers «these —eornputtrs work sogether fer a dingle Appttcatton. e—collectfon of systems wore together at a strple Syseen?+ — Collectton Cf Enterconnected cormputers tvont ferring the data thiough the LAN. Connection, web - bared - WP" RES Competing enufgrorn ent To Create web pages by the network fio your systems mnobtie compusog ent emnfown ment + pregram! can ie erecuted by the envformoent- Py Called mobile computing enviornment? coobhtt Syste exvicelin apecoting aysser SEUIES. + 0S provides an envionment to Ltervice £0 the users Oind = progvarms Tt provide the Usert to execute the progyams mn tfffetent manner: : rr4 % progvann executtons— Loads the program. foto rpemery ssrEevecute! the proqrang a -sHandles the progam executton- @ Scanned with OKEN Scannergs fon te J Z/o operat! commun Zo pee pnanagis «tf Cau, he PS ' ey an Sto “sob Ts device drivers d ev between vers, GO axfs to the F elem provides an = An operation bys ts yequired, when tt fved D/v devtees ° vequl I , gead write — operatte man Ifo operatton means with any file: a Fg aye maanypilasen’ > After may organtged fo the dtrvectory for Cony novtg atfon and usages VA directory may contatns directories and filles. —> The Operating Systenn provtdes an eoviorment to the operattony on ftle tke ay Creare) “y detetely, openty , Closet), venameld ~~~. Wy Commont ration i cathe os handles communteatton between the two Processes. ! : syBoth the proceites on’ one Computer or dtiperest Comporers — byt they are connected through the network, 4 * Cononnunt carton eee be tWO methods + tenplemented “3 the th shared meroory reves th Mettage ee % error Error hogdlttog :— “AN: '{ Prog vary RAM: Scevy errorg @ Scanned with OKEN ScannerFo athe os Conttnvously checks the possible errors and | to handler the errors by the os, fon t- 4 Pesoure Attocat ‘ons RERAAA 70 cate Of mouitfoley , rule? tasehine env fownnment resovrees Coch at matn mernery , epy, key board , poe Gs Tht Of Manages the att Ktnds of Yesources Fh atiocated whenever fet vequtved. vik Job Accounting (- uly Jon_accoonttog | ‘ Keeps ane track of time and aesovrces,. USE by the Ose ath Secures F Byes RRO eyprotecttoo deat with tnteynal threats eyThe eperattng Syseero provides to don'e access the unauttoriged yrers using — password, blometrte and 4oce FCLOGNIJALLON - etecority deat: uwifth the external threats. erthe threat moy Occorr Pn your sy aeero (tee as Virutes p oO wy” orig anttvirvl ape. the user can Interact. wrth the os. by the AmMethedt +h Command Mine interface [tater preter ay Gu command tine toveface'” An tots approach — the ters dixectly ented tre Command: that ave +o be pextormed @ Scanned with OKEN ScannerOy ee i est by the os. commands 94 a MTL pose requlres enowleclae of Pavttoulay machine. °. i uydtern yoooa * Moos (miero Soft alse operating oy) Command bated ot- * Te Altsptays black sereen and whtte betters, (uate dow ”) ade * Some ting syrtens Arsectly tr ele Opera mg Y. 4 at window Xp, the Corman, Foteapieley fy the Keane, others Wee Uinox Unix tveared a1 Speetal program when tt te fatthated + * Mang of the Commands uted fn fife syfeenn ttre SPEM, create, delete * MSoO! woas veleated ky fort Command — fntexpreter versfon fh -bhO? ty (98, . % The fatelt version of Mibos fs 622 @n 19Qe ih gurt 4 ~The Second approach . allow! vrevs to with the of through gut, * Gvi tote} ace fs uses fatendly without knowledge of the vier “allo con! perfown the Operatton) — © Portfevlay machine, #* Io command tine fnterface diveetty enter the @ommands vt Iq thit method provide, @ move based windows , menus ON system Entertocer® @ Scanned with OKEN Scannerkcihe first Got fo 1973- the procedure of sravttng a Gompeter by dhe Kernel ts Known as booetng the Appeared 'm xerox alto comppters. loading System. #ON most cornputers A feral! plece of Code fe KNOWN as boot fMAP+ proqram eld lopar loaders — tocates oe ELE a Boot dtvap at. the Kernel- used tu executed on Bios the bootfng system fy of 6 types ty Hard beoting: By Soft booting Caw tered + pet) 9 Fase manag” System caus aod types ‘ uli- Systern caus and types of aystery calls Defi- Tt ets as taterface ‘between Appltcatton programs and 0s * Tn pregvamacte way. the system cath ts used 0 ShipES fron User mode to the Kernel mede. Kevnel]] ee gare pers | # the user request GQ sevutce to the operating System through the sytten Cau. Flee oy take © an example Copy a file {00M one fecatfon -to Another locatfon urfng @ Scanned with OKEN Scannerer: | Sigterdeaut? © Jexamp fe S —— re remne] frequtae taper FP aT pe tea “prompt Lagcepe Fo pet| equive porpur {te Name (nice a proropt eo Serene? Capen ne Topo ot ys a ite extsts » Abort loop ge as a Soorce ‘ ; : —— i F “Desttnatton |. Fthe gyri” : pe a i ee SRSA TOON Hewes 86. or ners bly tangeage (0 ¥ 4 & Scanned with OKEN Scanner Feefuses peocess| Wye uttog Poy sysrem ca | exécuttn. seu i ew Theatr cats to the] | Retoxoed j syste cone Executing : hy seen) call # There are different types dL, tovk() —> create a process. (thy extt ()—+ To manipotate the process att, excl) —> executable ov fle through the Of syseem caus. System call wy, ent C) — permanently delete the process Type of System Calls s— MPS. of tice cous i, process Contvate~ PI toad, execute > End, Aboot ~ Create process y terminate proces Hy Get process ateributus , det process art bots > watt .and signal opesatton. ( vy erle nn tan ELE Systere managemens > create file , delete fre. —> open file, close fele. — Read, write tte. ~Y Get gre attributes, Set file attsPbotes @ Scanned with OKEN Scannerf ft n verve ne WH Quitce mppaqenss! - Request device 4 Reveal dev —r Read , write pperat ton levtce atertbuter. > Get device auributes 4 Se d cthe deute, > Logically attach the device , detach vee 1) Frfermatton matntanance + neg fojerrnalion, | taalnianes Hy Gee atone A date, Set Hiroe bl dare > Get System data 4 seer Systenn dato. > Get proces file, device aurtbuttl, - 7 Set process ttle, devece attribute! 1) Coramunteatton s— RA nes + Create, delete communteatton Cnnectten. > Send, recteve messages, _ Tranter fofovmatton. — Attach 8 detach remote devices, Syseeme Prog rames- RO ed -L systern prog | & Scanned with OKEN Scannerfe pyre prog vam provide) an enviornment for a prograre developroent and executton «it access interface tO the Cystero caus, pie tb 6er0 Stonple task and Sora other Corp tex . . 7 yyyseetn eo categories ore: oD) ye oa \t Fale rmanagenent i oth ete 1. / CEN managsrnsnt yenanme... HB create, per, close, delete, vead, wilt, COPY Je can be roanaged in the dtvectowtel. Th status toformation t= tO OO ¥ Sore prograral Glenply Ase date 5 there 5 avaflable dise space Of men space { cise about performance debegging THE compler detat ls information, it, Elte modéfreatten t- * creating and nadifytng the content of the ffte * Spectal commands for searching a file, tw prog varomtng language Support « ; * Corepftens , fnrerpreters assemblers , debuggers ave provided to vsey with an Operating System (Cc, Gets ova , python) tH rrogrornmoing loading and exceuslont= * Loaded 3nto roernory and tts executlons ave —y Loaders , lInkage edftovs 1 dle bsggtng loadlers= °° My cormnountcatton i DROIT E i ' # dt fs a mechantim for creating cpnnectfon Omong user! and — processors: @ Scanned with OKEN Scannerxebend o message 1, vecteve +O Message by the Coroount | - Catton [tnk- gy 05, Com piles, tnteapre ters Speratiog Syszere SCeetiog *° € Operating dystero debugging fy finding ‘ond ftiteg Qn ervors ft ray either tn Software Wh hardware, HX The evvor fnformatton Can be stored fh the tog files. ae The log fries may Chassifted G1 two types’ dy core domp : wh crash dorop ve dunnp t - bh core di Longp: Te contains the Lier “applicatfon evvor Infor en atton Y% crash dlerop - ¥ Te contats the Gystem doftwares ervey frformakior: 3A Soppore the * program fall tn the crash. dump then the total sytem volt be Csatb. £9r 0S. erfoxmanct Toning +- p pest Cee Oe Beyond, the. crashest Pexformance toning con be Opttent ge the Sutter performance H Tt kmpror the performance and cere the bette neck Probtens. @ Scanned with OKEN Scannerge 08 rovit provide! Coenputting ard Atiplaytag reveayurer ( of Syste behaviour, Gr Tare manage: taeecr De) Qetracet- Tr ty a tool In solaris free BSD 4 Prac OS wn on dttferent productton sy stern’ atovws the — Enttrvetfons rovider capturteg Oo. provider P 4 aeulhen code FL erecort wotthy fA, feate data ard sending rte & Scanned with OKEN Scanner